CN114809603A - Construction method for fair-faced concrete of special-shaped structure canopy veneer of high-speed rail station house - Google Patents
Construction method for fair-faced concrete of special-shaped structure canopy veneer of high-speed rail station house Download PDFInfo
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- CN114809603A CN114809603A CN202210465048.4A CN202210465048A CN114809603A CN 114809603 A CN114809603 A CN 114809603A CN 202210465048 A CN202210465048 A CN 202210465048A CN 114809603 A CN114809603 A CN 114809603A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
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Abstract
A construction method for fair-faced concrete of a special-shaped canopy facing of a high-speed rail station house comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off; manufacturing and installing steel bars: the method comprises the following steps of finishing the binding of reinforcing steel bars of a bearing platform and a ground beam → measuring and placing a column dowel position line → arranging a positioning frame → inserting a column embedded reinforcing steel bar → checking and accepting a foundation reinforcing steel bar → pouring concrete → measuring and placing a column side line → adjusting a reserved reinforcing steel bar of a lower-layer column → sleeving a column hoop → connecting a vertical stressed main reinforcing steel bar → drawing a hoop spacing line → binding a column hoop reinforcing steel bar → installing a concrete protective layer cushion block → checking and accepting; template engineering, comprising: selecting a bare concrete template; testing and installing the template: pouring clear water concrete; curing the bare concrete; and (5) removing the template. By optimizing the process of the fair-faced concrete construction link, the improved process method effectively solves the problems of cracking of the facing concrete of the canopy structure and difficulty in controlling the appearance quality, shortens the construction period, saves the repair cost, and has high practicability and popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of a construction process of fair-faced concrete, and particularly relates to a construction method of fair-faced concrete for a special-shaped canopy facing of a high-speed rail station house.
Background
With the progress of society and the continuous development of scientific technology, the perception of designers on the appearance effect of buildings and the aesthetic feeling of building shapes is continuously improved, particularly the appearance effect of the front fair-faced concrete on the buildings, and various building forms are outlined by the concrete.
Compared with the same type of building, the fair-faced concrete not only has the decorative effect but also plays the actual stress role, the steel bars are arranged more densely when the model is complex, the binding difficulty is larger, the construction period span is large, and the difference between the time and the space is large. The design requirements provide high requirements for the trial assembly of concrete, the support of a template, the pouring of the concrete, the quality control, the protection of finished products and the like. As the 'door surface' of the building, the quality of the fair-faced concrete directly influences the appearance of the building and the construction difficulty is high.
At present, the special-shaped structure canopy veneer of a high-speed rail station house adopts clear water concrete construction, and the special-shaped structure canopy veneer mainly has the following defects: the concrete is easy to crack, and the appearance quality is difficult to control; the beam column node template is unreasonably installed; the installation efficiency of the rain shed groove beam column connecting template is low; the installing difficulty of the diameter-variable template at the escalator opening of the canopy is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a construction method of fair-faced concrete of a special-shaped canopy facing of a high-speed rail station house, which optimizes each link of the fair-faced concrete construction, so that the concrete of the canopy facing is not easy to crack and the appearance quality is controlled.
The invention is realized in the following way:
a construction method for fair-faced concrete of a special-shaped canopy facing of a high-speed rail station house comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off;
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing and installing steel bars: the method comprises the following steps of finishing the binding of reinforcing steel bars of a bearing platform and a ground beam → measuring and placing a column dowel position line → arranging a positioning frame → inserting a column embedded reinforcing steel bar → checking and accepting a foundation reinforcing steel bar → pouring concrete → measuring and placing a column side line → adjusting a reserved reinforcing steel bar of a lower-layer column → sleeving a column hoop → connecting a vertical stressed main reinforcing steel bar → drawing a hoop spacing line → binding a column hoop reinforcing steel bar → installing a concrete protective layer cushion block → checking and accepting;
step three: the template engineering specifically comprises:
step a: selecting a bare concrete template: selecting a shaping film-coated multilayer board with the thickness of 15mm as a construction template; the template is required to have a smooth and flat surface, uniform and consistent thickness, corrosion resistance and certain water absorption; the concrete has enough rigidity, and is not allowed to deform under the action of certain concrete side pressure, so that the uniform geometric dimension and the consistent section of a structure are ensured, and the loss of slurry is prevented;
step b: testing and installing the template:
step b 1: detecting by using a template flatness detector;
step b 2: pre-installing templates according to engineering design drawings, numbering the templates, and ensuring that the templates can be placed in a seat in a number-checking manner and accurately positioned for use when being formally installed;
step b 3: beam column node template installation: the beam column is provided with a groove, and beam column joint templates are installed by adopting beam, groove and column three-part templates in a segmented mode;
step b 4: the rain shed groove beam column is connected with a template for installation;
step b 5: installing a variable-diameter template at the opening of the canopy ladder;
step b 6: reinforcing a frame column template, and selecting standard counter-pulling screws, fastening screws and connecting corneas for omnibearing fixation;
step four: pouring clear water concrete: the method is characterized in that as-cast finish concrete is adopted, special vehicles and equipment are equipped for stirring and transporting the concrete, and the continuity of concrete pouring is ensured; pouring the column sections in layers; pouring the beam plates simultaneously, wherein the pouring method starts from one end to use a 'slurry driving method'; the virtual concrete pavement thickness of the slab is larger than the slab thickness, a slab vibrator is used for vibrating back and forth in a direction vertical to the pouring direction, and an iron cutting ruler is used for checking the concrete thickness;
step five: after the fair-faced concrete is poured, the surfaces of the beam and the plate are covered with cotton felts in time and are watered and maintained, so that the color and luster of the surface of the fair-faced concrete are not influenced;
step six: and (3) dismantling the template: when the form is removed, the removing clamp and the connecting bolt are firstly loosened to separate the form from the concrete, when the concrete is locally adsorbed or adhered to the form, the gourd is used for horizontally pulling, and after the form is completely separated from the wall body, the gourd can be lifted.
Further, in step b3, the beam-column node formwork installation specifically includes: manufacturing 3 templates with the thickness of 18mm, and fixedly splicing the templates into a whole by bolts for installation and fixation; when the formwork is dismantled, the bolts are loosened, the middle formwork is firstly pulled out, and then the upper formwork and the lower formwork are dismantled along the vertical direction, so that the corners are prevented from being damaged due to formwork dismantling.
Further, in step b4, the installation of canopy groove beam-column link template specifically includes: perpendicular track direction is connected to column cap recess top and is the arc roof beam, and parallel track direction is the chamfer roof beam, and the arc roof beam is through the fixed curved surface template of customization and the reinforced mode of arc steel joist, and direct and groove customization template concatenation is fixed together and reserves 600mm for below beam column, provides the position for below installation chamfer square column template to can provide certain bearing capacity for the recess template, reduce the die filling degree of difficulty.
Further, in step b5, the installation of canopy escalator mouth reducing template specifically includes: and (3) manufacturing a model of each template by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, determining the machining sizes of the arc length and the radius of each template, customizing and shaping the steel keel, and installing the templates one by one according to preset numbers after the keel is installed to achieve the conical effect.
Further, in step b6, reinforcing the frame column formwork specifically includes: the frame beam, the equipment foundation and the plate wall are reinforced by adopting square timber and steel pipes to respectively form an inner edge, an outer edge and split bolts to be reinforced into a whole.
Further, the column section in the fourth step is cast in a layered manner, and specifically comprises: before pouring, watering and wetting a construction joint for not less than 24 hours, pouring column sections in a layered manner, wherein the layered thickness is 50cm, manufacturing a ruler rod to control the ash discharge height, and distributing by using a cloth bag to control the ash discharge height to be within 2 m; the vibration leakage is avoided by mutual irradiation during vibration; when the reinforcing steel bars of the beam-column joints are dense, the steel pipes are firstly used for opening before concrete is poured so as to prevent the reinforcing steel bars from clamping the vibrating spears; after the column is poured, the extending lap steel bars are arranged in place in time; the side coal bunker is higher in section, the maximum pore space of the steel bar in the side coal bunker is 200mm multiplied by 200mm and 250mm multiplied by 250mm, and the cylinders with the diameter of 150mm and the diameter of 200mm need to be selected respectively so as to avoid collision with the stirrups during pouring.
Further, the beam slab in step four is poured simultaneously, specifically includes: the pouring method is characterized in that a 'slurry driving method' is used from one end, namely, a beam is poured firstly, and when the beam reaches the bottom position of a slab, the beam and the concrete of the slab are poured together; when pouring, the low-pressure lamp is placed above a pouring point to ensure sufficient illumination so as to see the poured concrete clearly, the string tube cloth with the ash height of more than 2m is used for preventing the concrete from being separated and bleeding, mortar with the same mark number and the thickness of 5-10 cm is poured at the bottom, the concrete is poured in a segmented and layered mode, and the concrete pouring is ensured to be carried out continuously; the ash falling thickness of each layer is 40 cm; when beam concrete is poured, arranging a vibrating rod in front of, in the middle of and behind each pouring belt according to the flowing slope degree of the concrete; the first bar is arranged at a concrete discharging point, and the vibrating hand is responsible for vibrating the concrete discharged from the tank so that the concrete smoothly passes through gluten to enter the bottom layer; the second bar is arranged in the middle of the concrete, and the vibrating hand is responsible for compacting the inclined plane concrete; the third setting is in slope toe and bottom reinforcing bar department, because of the bottom reinforcing bar is denser, the hand of vibrating is responsible for the concrete and flows into lower floor's reinforcing bar bottom, ensures that lower floor's reinforced concrete vibrates closely knit.
Furthermore, in the template removing process in the sixth step, when the beam column joint template is removed, the middle groove part is removed firstly, and then the concrete edge contact surface is removed through vertical template removal, so that the corners are prevented from being damaged by template removal.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts the following construction links of bare concrete: the method has the advantages that the process optimization of the links of measurement paying-off, reinforcing steel bar manufacturing and installation, template engineering, concrete pouring engineering, template dismantling, finished fair-faced concrete product maintenance, clear-faced paint use and the like is realized, the problems of cracking of the facing concrete of the canopy structure and difficulty in controlling the appearance quality are effectively solved, the purpose of one-time standard reaching of the facing clear-faced concrete construction is improved, errors generated by the construction are timely controlled and rechecked, the construction period is shortened, the repair cost is saved, and the method has high practicability and popularization value.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a construction method of fair-faced concrete for a canopy veneer with a special-shaped structure of a high-speed rail station house specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) measurement and paying-off:
(a) the method comprises the steps of measuring a field control network, establishing a control reference point to ensure the accuracy of the construction control network, setting the measurement control network during engineering construction, setting permanent coordinate piles and horizontal reference point piles as each control point, setting a defense protection measure to prevent damage, and controlling and correcting the axis, elevation and the like of a building by using the measurement control network to ensure the construction quality.
(b) The main instruments used for measurement comprise a topokang-700 total station, an automatic Leica leveling instrument, a laser level, a laser plummet and other auxiliary equipment, and an accurate control network is established.
Step two: manufacturing and installing steel bars:
1. processing of reinforcing bars
1) The mechanical property test is carried out by sampling specified in the test when the reinforcing steel bar enters the field, and the reinforcing steel bar can be processed and used after being retested and qualified.
2) The fracture of the cut steel bar cannot have the phenomena of horseshoe shape or bending and the like.
3) There should be no crack at the bending point of the steel bar.
4) The bending of the steel bars and the hooks formed by bending must meet the relevant regulations of anti-seismic design and the like: for 180-degree hooks at two ends of the I-grade steel bar and 135-degree hooks of the stirrups, the bending diameter is not less than 2.5d of the diameter of the steel bar, the straight length of the stirrups is not less than 10d and not less than 75mm, and the hooks are parallel to each other after processing and binding.
5) The straight thread, the top die rod, the template supporting clamp and the ladder bar material are cut off by a toothless saw. The structural steel bars are strictly forbidden to be cut by gas welding.
2. Steel bar connection
(1) Steel bar connection mode
According to design and standard requirements, the longitudinal steel bar connection of the main stress member of the project adopts a mode of combining mechanical connection and welding connection, and when the diameter d of the steel bar is larger than 25mm, the mechanical connection is adopted.
(2) Connection mode process and requirements
1) Binding:
the reinforcement binding joint is arranged at a position with small stress. The same longitudinal stress steel bar is not provided with two or more than two joints, and the distance between the tail end of each joint and the bending point of the steel bar is not less than 10 times of the diameter of the steel bar.
Secondly, binding and overlapping joints of adjacent longitudinal stressed steel bars in the same component are staggered. The transverse clear distance of the steel bars in the binding and overlapping joint is not less than the diameter of the steel bars and is not less than 25 mm.
And thirdly, in the same connecting section, the area percentage of the joint of the longitudinal stress steel bar meets the design requirement. When there is no specific requirement for the design, the following regulations in GB50204 should be met:
thirdly, the steel bar is connected
When the steel bars are connected, the specification of the steel bars is consistent with that of the connecting sleeve, and the screw heads and the internal threads of the connecting sleeve are guaranteed to be clean and intact. When connecting the reinforcing steel bars, the reinforcing steel bars are screwed into the corresponding connecting sleeves by aligning the axes.
3. Installation of reinforcing bars
(1) Column joint bar and column bar binding
The process flow comprises the following steps: the binding of the reinforcing steel bars of the bearing platform and the ground beam is finished → the position line of the inserted steel bars of the measuring and placing column → the arrangement of the positioning frame → the embedded steel bars of the inserted column → the acceptance of the basic reinforcing steel bars → the pouring concrete → the side line of the measuring and placing column → the adjustment of the reserved steel bars of the lower column → the column hoop → the connection of the main vertical stressed steel bars → the distance line of the hoop reinforcements → the binding of the column hoop reinforcements → the installation of the cushion block of the concrete protective layer → the acceptance of the examination
Step three: form work
To ensure the quality of the fair-faced concrete, effective measures must be taken to control the whole processes of template material selection, support system design, manufacture and installation, concrete raw material and mix proportion, concrete pouring, maintenance and the like, so as to ensure the effect of the fair-faced concrete.
The domestic clear water template process flow comprises the following steps: sampling and acceptance after the templates arrive at the goods, selecting and cutting the templates, waterproof sealing, manufacturing the templates, accepting flatness, splicing tightness and the like before installation, and installing the templates.
1. Template selection
The surface of the bare concrete template is flat and smooth, the thickness is uniform and consistent, the bare concrete template is corrosion-resistant and has certain water absorption; the concrete side pressure bearing has enough rigidity, and deformation is not allowed under the action of certain concrete side pressure, so that the uniform geometric dimension and the consistent section of a structure are ensured, and slurry loss is prevented.
2. Formwork installation
1) When the template is installed, the template assembly drawing is strictly carried out, and the template is used in a number-checking and fixed-point mode. The template is ensured not to be collided or damaged in the template hoisting process. Hoisting the large template to the installation position in sequence by using a tower crane to be initially in place; adjusting the position of the template by a crowbar according to the positioning line; measuring the vertical correction elevation by using a wire supporting plate to ensure that the verticality, the levelness and the elevation of the template meet the design requirements; and (5) tightening the bolt. The verticality and the internal and external angles of the template are controlled by tools such as a 90-degree angle ruler, a horizontal ruler, a plumb bob and the like.
2) The template is cut by a high-rotating-speed precision plate cutting saw with the rotating speed exceeding 5000 rpm, so that the cut edge of the cut template is smooth and burr-free. The abutted seams are kept consistent when the templates are spliced, plate thickness errors are noticed when the templates connected in the same plane are used for selecting plates before preparation, and the thickness difference of the plates is less than or equal to 1mm, so that the abutted seam effect is ensured.
3) When the used 50 multiplied by 100mm square timber is purchased, the standard size square timber must be purchased, quality inspection is carried out before entering a field for use, when the sizes are different, the sizes must be guaranteed to be uniform through planing and pressing, and the error is less than or equal to 1.5 mm. The square timber is used vertically, the distance is 200mm, and the square timber joint is encrypted.
4) In order to avoid splicing seams of the templates on site, four side templates of each layer of column section are processed into four blocks according to the size of the section of the column, and a beam template is processed into three blocks according to construction drawings.
5) The back of the template joint is leveled by adopting a special connecting sheet, the template can be ensured not to be staggered under the action of the side pressure of the template, and whether the staggered platform preventing connecting sheet at the template joint is in place or not is specially checked.
5) For solving the seam roughness problem, except adopting suitable interval wood joist to consolidate into the whole, main area post section template adopts special wrong platform gasket of preventing.
Step four: pouring of fair-faced concrete
The fair-faced concrete not only needs to ensure the strength required by structural design, but also has good appearance effect, and must be elaborately constructed, so that the fair-faced concrete is ensured in the aspects of concrete mixing ratio, vibration maintenance measures and management work.
1. Concrete raw material control
(1) The raw materials such as cement, additive, fly ash and the like are adhered to and selected from the same manufacturer and the same variety in the construction process of the main structure. So as to ensure that the same mixing ratio is executed, and the color of the raw materials is noticed, so that the color difference of the concrete can be kept within an adjustable range.
(2) The selected cement has the characteristics of good activity, stable performance, low hydration heat, small water consumption for standard consistency, good adaptability between the cement and an additive and uniform and consistent color and luster of raw materials.
(3) The principle of selecting coarse aggregate is that it has high strength, good continuous grade, low sealing activity, and the broken stones with same color, producing area and specification must be identical, and its mud content is less than 2%, and its pure mud content greater than 5mm is less than 0.5%, and the aggregate must not carry impurity.
(4) The fine aggregate is medium coarse sand, the fineness modulus is required to be more than 2.3, the color is consistent, the mud content is controlled within 3 percent, and the pure mud content of more than 5mm is less than 1 percent.
(5) The additive is a GK-5B additive which has obvious water reducing and slow setting effects and can meet various working performances of concrete.
(6) The admixture can enhance the workability of concrete, partially replace cement, improve the construction performance of the concrete, reduce the number and distribution state of capillary pores in set cement, contribute to the inhibition of alkali-aggregate activity and improve the durability of the concrete. The high-quality class I fly ash with small fineness, light color, low carbon content and stable quality is selected.
2. Mix proportion optimization
Before concrete pouring, the laboratory carries out repeated trial assembly, optimizes the optimal mixing ratio which is easy to construct and has consistent appearance color, and timely adjusts the mixing ratio according to site construction conditions and environmental temperature. The slump of the fair-faced concrete is 270mm, and the expansibility is not less than 600 mm.
3. Pouring of concrete
Concrete pouring is an important link for ensuring the appearance of concrete. The concrete mixing proportion, the stirring time, the mold-entering temperature, the heat-preservation measures, the temperature measurement and the concrete blanking and vibrating process are strictly executed. Construction joints of all the layers of column sections are reserved at the position 50mm away from the bottom of the main beam, other construction joints are reserved on the surface of all the layers of beams or the cast-in-place plate surface, and columns and frame beam plates are separately poured.
In order to prevent the slurry flow from polluting the cylindrical surface, a circle of sponge is wound on the lower opening of the template and the upper opening of the poured column section before the beam slab and the upper column section are poured except for being wrapped by the cylindrical plastic cloth. And covering the lower poured cylindrical surface by using a cotton felt before the upper concrete layer is poured.
(1) Concrete mixing and transporting
Stirring is carried out according to the proportion strictly, the metering error is controlled within the standard, the stirring time is prolonged to 90 seconds, and the uniform stirring is ensured. And strictly controlling the water cement ratio and the slump during concrete stirring, enhancing the field control, and detecting the slump in each vehicle to control the slump to be 160-180 mm. The time of the concrete tank truck in the transportation process is strictly controlled, the overlarge slump loss is avoided, and the site water adding is strictly forbidden, so that the requirements on the stability and the color uniformity of the concrete are met.
(2) Pouring of concrete
1) Pouring concrete in the column, watering and wetting a construction joint for not less than 24 hours before pouring, pouring the column section in layers with the layer thickness of 50cm, manufacturing a ruler rod to control the ash discharge height, and distributing the ash discharge height within 2m by using a cloth bag. The vibration leakage is avoided when the vibration is carried out. When the reinforcing steel bars of the beam-column joints are dense, the steel pipes are firstly used for opening before concrete pouring so as to prevent the reinforcing steel bars from clamping the vibrating spears. After the post is poured, the extended lap-jointed reinforcing steel bars are required to be arranged in place in time. The side coal bunker bay column section is higher, and the maximum apertures of the steel bars in the column are only 200mm multiplied by 200mm and 250mm multiplied by 250mm, so that the cylinders with the diameter of 150mm and the diameter of 200mm need to be selected respectively to avoid collision with the stirrups during pouring.
2) The beam and the slab are poured simultaneously, and the pouring method is to pour the beam firstly by using a 'slurry driving method' from one end, and pour the beam together with the concrete of the slab when the bottom of the slab is reached. When pouring, the low-pressure lamp is placed above a pouring point, so that the poured concrete can be seen clearly under sufficient illumination, the ash discharge height exceeds 2m and is distributed by a string tube, the concrete is prevented from being separated and bleeding, mortar with the same thickness of 5-10 cm and the same mark number is poured at the bottom, the concrete is poured in a segmented and layered mode, and the concrete pouring is ensured to be carried out continuously. The ash thickness of each layer was 40 cm. When beam concrete is poured, a vibrating rod is respectively arranged in front of, in the middle of and behind each pouring belt according to the flowing slope degree of the concrete. The first step is arranged at a concrete discharging point, and a vibrating hand is responsible for vibrating the concrete discharged from the tank so as to enable the concrete to smoothly pass through gluten and enter the bottom layer; the second bar is arranged in the middle of the concrete, and the vibrating hand is responsible for compacting the inclined plane concrete; the third setting is in slope toe and bottom reinforcing bar department, because of the bottom reinforcing bar is denser, the hand of vibrating is responsible for the concrete and flows into lower floor's reinforcing bar bottom, ensures that lower floor's reinforced concrete vibrates closely knit.
3) The thickness of the concrete virtual pavement of the slab is slightly larger than the slab thickness, a slab vibrator is used for vibrating back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the pouring direction, and an iron cutting ruler is used for checking the concrete thickness.
(3) Concrete vibration
The vibration of the fair-faced concrete is very critical, the pouring of the upper layer concrete is finished before the initial setting of the lower layer concrete, and the drainage and the air permeability of the fair-faced concrete template are poor in the concrete pouring process, so that the quality level of the vibration of the concrete is greatly determined by the amount of air bubbles on the surface of the concrete.
1) The concrete should be poured in layers, measuring rods are used for checking the thickness of the layers, for example, one layer is 50cm, red and blue mark lines are brushed by the measuring rods every 50cm, the measuring rods are erected on the surface of the concrete during measurement, the thickness of the layers is checked by the length of the missing measuring rods, lighting lamps for checking and pouring are equipped, the thickness of the layers is required to meet the requirement, when the first layer of concrete is vibrated and compacted until the surface of the concrete is horizontal and does not obviously sink and generate bubbles, the second layer of concrete is poured, and when the upper layer of concrete is poured, the lower layer of concrete is inserted by about 5cm so as to eliminate the seam between the two layers.
2) The concrete is vibrated uniformly at the inserting points, the inserting points are quickly inserted and slowly pulled, the vibrating time is controlled at each inserting point, the vibrating time is generally 20-30 seconds, tamping and air bubble discharging are difficult to realize due to too short inserting points, and the phenomenon of layered segregation of the concrete can be caused due to too long inserting points, so that the surface color of the concrete is inconsistent.
3) When the concrete is vibrated, if the vibrating rod is closely abutted to the template, the air bubbles are likely to be driven to the side of the template, and the discharging of the air bubbles is not facilitated, so that a gap of about 150-200 mm is kept between the vibrating rod and the template, and the discharging of the air bubbles is facilitated;
4) and the outer side of the template at the vibrating part is knocked by a rubber hammer when the corners are vibrated so as to be beneficial to leading out air bubbles on the surface of the concrete.
Step five: removing the template:
1. form removal
When the formwork is detached, the fixture and the connecting bolt are loosened and removed firstly, so that the formwork is separated from concrete, when the local concrete adsorbs or is adhered to the formwork, a crowbar is strictly forbidden to pry the formwork to move at a single point, the formwork is forbidden to be knocked, a hoist is used for horizontally pulling, after the formwork is completely separated from a wall body, the formwork can be lifted, ropes are bound on two corners of the lower part of the formwork system before lifting, and in the lifting process, the ropes are controlled by workers to prevent the formwork from shaking up and down and from the left and the right unevenly and colliding with other objects.
2. Concrete cleaning and repairing
Concrete finishing means cleaning and finishing after concrete form removal, which is a very important step in a bare concrete structure.
(1) Joint bulge and corner sand exposure treatment
After the mold is removed, the raised floating sand is firstly polished to be flat and clean by a lime knife and an abrasive cloth, and then is polished by abrasive paper after being polished by a polishing machine seriously, and finally is finely polished by gauze.
(2) Cleaning and painting for embedded parts
After concrete pouring is finished and the template is removed, the surface of the embedded part is cleaned in time, red lead is used for coating striking mark paint on the embedded part with lines, and when a plurality of teams are constructed, the color and luster of the paint coated must be completely uniform.
(3) Non-drawing split bolt treatment
In order to prevent acetylene flame from polluting the concrete surface, the split bolts are strictly cut off by gas cutting, and an angle grinder is used for laterally cutting off and grinding; the concrete surface is not damaged as much as possible.
(4) Plugging of split bolt hole
The clear repair of the fair-faced concrete is important when the pull bolt hole is plugged, and whether plugging succeeds or not directly influences the appearance of the fair-faced concrete, so that a test must be made in advance to determine the optimal proportion of plugging mortar, and the phenomena of color inconsistency and cracking of a plugging surface after plugging are prevented; in addition, the plugging bolt holes must ensure consistent plugging size, and the phenomenon of large and small plugging is avoided. The general procedure for plugging is as follows:
1) cleaning bolt holes;
2) grouting the compensation shrinkage mortar with light color into the hole, and then cutting and tamping the mortar by flat-headed steel bars with the diameter of 25-30 mm until the concrete surface is flat;
step six: curing of bare concrete
After concrete pouring is finished, the surfaces of the beam and the plate are covered with cotton felts in time and are watered for maintenance, so that the color of the surface of the fair-faced concrete is not influenced. During maintenance, a specially-assigned person is used for three-shift maintenance, water is sprayed once every 2 hours, the surface of the concrete is kept moist only by water spraying, and the watering maintenance time is not less than 7 days. The curing time can meet the requirements of concrete hardening and strength increase, so that the strength of the concrete meets the design requirements. Domestic water is used as a water source for maintenance, so that the influence on the surface color of the fair-faced concrete caused by excessive harmful elements is avoided.
The invention adopts the following construction links of bare concrete: the method has the advantages that the process optimization of the links of measurement paying-off, reinforcing steel bar manufacturing and installation, template engineering, concrete pouring engineering, template dismantling, finished fair-faced concrete product maintenance, clear-faced paint use and the like is realized, the problems of cracking of the facing concrete of the canopy structure and difficulty in controlling the appearance quality are effectively solved, the purpose of one-time standard reaching of the facing clear-faced concrete construction is improved, errors generated by the construction are timely controlled and rechecked, the construction period is shortened, the repair cost is saved, and the method has high practicability and popularization value.
The above description is only an example of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A construction method for fair-faced concrete of a special-shaped canopy facing of a high-speed rail station house is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off;
step two: manufacturing and installing steel bars: the method comprises the following steps of finishing the binding of reinforcing steel bars of a bearing platform and a ground beam → measuring and placing a column dowel position line → arranging a positioning frame → inserting a column embedded reinforcing steel bar → checking and accepting a foundation reinforcing steel bar → pouring concrete → measuring and placing a column side line → adjusting a reserved reinforcing steel bar of a lower-layer column → sleeving a column hoop → connecting a vertical stressed main reinforcing steel bar → drawing a hoop spacing line → binding a column hoop reinforcing steel bar → installing a concrete protective layer cushion block → checking and accepting;
step three: the template engineering specifically comprises:
step a, selecting a bare concrete template: selecting a shaping film-coated multilayer board with the thickness of 15mm as a construction template; the template is required to have a smooth and flat surface, uniform and consistent thickness, corrosion resistance and certain water absorption; the concrete side pressure bearing structure has enough rigidity, and is not allowed to deform under the action of certain concrete side pressure, so that the uniform geometric dimension and the consistent section of a structure are ensured, and slurry loss is prevented;
step b: testing and installing the template:
step b 1: detecting by using a template flatness detector;
step b 2: pre-installing templates according to engineering design drawings, numbering the templates, and ensuring that the templates can be placed in a seat in a number-checking manner and accurately positioned for use when being formally installed;
step b 3: beam column node template installation: the beam column is provided with a groove, and beam column joint templates are installed by adopting beam, groove and column three-part templates in a segmented mode;
step b 4: the rain shed groove beam column is connected with a template for installation;
step b 5: installing a variable-diameter template at the opening of the canopy ladder;
step b 6: reinforcing a frame column template, and selecting standard counter-pulling screws, fastening screws and connecting corneas for omnibearing fixation;
step four: pouring clear water concrete: the method is characterized in that as-cast finish concrete is adopted, special vehicles and equipment are equipped for stirring and transporting the concrete, and the continuity of concrete pouring is ensured; pouring the column sections in layers; pouring the beam plates simultaneously, wherein the pouring method starts from one end to use a 'slurry driving method'; the concrete virtual paving thickness of the slab is larger than the slab thickness, a slab vibrator is used for vibrating back and forth in a direction vertical to the pouring direction, and an iron inserted ruler is used for checking the concrete thickness;
step five: after the cast of the fair-faced concrete is finished, the surfaces of the beam and the plate are covered by cotton felts in time and are watered and maintained so as to avoid influencing the surface color of the fair-faced concrete;
step six: removing the template: when the form is removed, the removing clamp and the connecting bolt are firstly loosened to separate the form from the concrete, when the concrete is locally adsorbed or adhered to the form, the gourd is used for horizontally pulling, and after the form is completely separated from the wall body, the gourd can be lifted.
2. The construction method of the fair-faced concrete of the special-shaped structure canopy of the high-speed rail station house as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in step b3, the beam-column joint formwork is installed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: manufacturing 3 templates with the thickness of 18mm, and fixedly splicing the templates into a whole by bolts for installation and fixation; when the formwork is dismantled, the bolts are loosened, the middle formwork is firstly pulled out, and then the upper formwork and the lower formwork are dismantled along the vertical direction, so that the corners are prevented from being damaged due to formwork dismantling.
3. The construction method of the fair-faced concrete of the canopy with the special-shaped structure of the high-speed rail station house as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step b4, the installation of canopy recess beam column chaining template specifically includes: perpendicular track direction is connected to column cap recess top and is the arc roof beam, and parallel track direction is the chamfer roof beam, and the arc roof beam is through the fixed curved surface template of customization and the reinforced mode of arc steel joist, and direct and groove customization template concatenation is fixed together and reserves 600mm for below beam column, provides the position for below installation chamfer square column template to can provide certain bearing capacity for the recess template, reduce the die filling degree of difficulty.
4. The construction method of the fair-faced concrete of the special-shaped structure canopy of the high-speed rail station house as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in step b5, the installation of canopy escalator mouth reducing template specifically includes: a model of each template is manufactured by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, the machining sizes of the arc length and the radius of each template are determined, the steel keel is customized and shaped, and the templates are installed one by one according to preset numbers after the keel is installed, so that the conical effect is achieved.
5. The construction method of the fair-faced concrete of the special-shaped structure canopy of the high-speed rail station house as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in the step b6, reinforcing the frame column template, specifically comprising: the frame beam, the equipment foundation and the plate wall are reinforced by adopting square timber and steel pipes to respectively form an inner edge, an outer edge and split bolts to be reinforced into a whole.
6. The construction method of the fair-faced concrete of the special-shaped structure canopy of the high-speed rail station house as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the column section in the fourth step is cast in a layered mode, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: before pouring, watering and wetting a construction joint for not less than 24 hours, pouring column sections in a layered manner, wherein the layered thickness is 50cm, manufacturing a ruler rod to control the ash discharge height, and distributing by using a cloth bag to control the ash discharge height to be within 2 m; the leakage vibration is avoided when the vibration is carried out; when the reinforcing steel bars of the beam-column joints are dense, the steel pipes are firstly used for opening before concrete is poured so as to prevent the reinforcing steel bars from clamping the vibrating spears; after the column is poured, the extending lap steel bars are arranged in place in time; the side coal bunker is higher in section, the maximum pore space of the steel bar in the side coal bunker is 200mm multiplied by 200mm and 250mm multiplied by 250mm, and the cylinders with the diameter of 150mm and the diameter of 200mm need to be selected respectively so as to avoid collision with the stirrups during pouring.
7. The construction method of the fair-faced concrete of the special-shaped structure canopy of the high-speed rail station house as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: pouring the beam plate in the fourth step simultaneously, and specifically comprising: the pouring method is characterized in that a 'slurry driving method' is used from one end, namely, a beam is poured firstly, and when the beam reaches the bottom position of a slab, the beam and the concrete of the slab are poured together; when pouring, the low-pressure lamp is placed above a pouring point to ensure sufficient illumination so as to see the poured concrete clearly, the string tube cloth with the ash height of more than 2m is used for preventing the concrete from being separated and bleeding, mortar with the same mark number and the thickness of 5-10 cm is poured at the bottom, the concrete is poured in a segmented and layered mode, and the concrete pouring is ensured to be carried out continuously; the thickness of ash on each layer is 40 cm; when beam concrete is poured, arranging a vibrating rod in front of, in the middle of and behind each pouring belt according to the flowing slope degree of the concrete; the first bar is arranged at a concrete discharging point, and the vibrating hand is responsible for vibrating the concrete discharged from the tank so that the concrete smoothly passes through gluten to enter the bottom layer; the second bar is arranged in the middle of the concrete, and the vibrating hand is responsible for compacting the inclined plane concrete; the third setting is in slope toe and bottom reinforcing bar department, because of the bottom reinforcing bar is denser, the hand of vibrating is responsible for the concrete and flows into lower floor's reinforcing bar bottom, ensures that lower floor's reinforced concrete vibrates closely knit.
8. The construction method of the fair-faced concrete of the special-shaped structure canopy of the high-speed rail station house as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in the step six, when the beam column joint template is removed, the middle groove part is removed, and then the concrete corner contact surface is removed through vertical form removal, so that the corner is prevented from being damaged by form removal.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117449646A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2024-01-26 | 中铁建工集团有限公司 | No platform post canopy and template system thereof |
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| CN111519950A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-11 | 中铁建设集团有限公司 | Fully-assembled railway passenger station double-column concrete canopy and construction method thereof |
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| KR20010035267A (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2001-05-07 | 정찬걸, 양관식 | Foundation concrete pouring method of building structure |
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