CN114806971A - Cultivating process based on sulfide bacteria - Google Patents
Cultivating process based on sulfide bacteria Download PDFInfo
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- CN114806971A CN114806971A CN202210638509.3A CN202210638509A CN114806971A CN 114806971 A CN114806971 A CN 114806971A CN 202210638509 A CN202210638509 A CN 202210638509A CN 114806971 A CN114806971 A CN 114806971A
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical group S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000605222 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000605272 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000605118 Thiobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001509286 Thiobacillus denitrificans Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria, and belongs to the field of sulfide bacteria cultivation. A cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria, wherein the whole strain cultivation process is operated in a strain cultivation room, and the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps: a. preparing raw materials: 500-600 ml of water, 10-15 g of agar, a swab, a beaker, a stirring rod, a glass culture dish, a cover, sulfide bacteria and a microwave oven; b. firstly, 500-600 ml of water is poured into a beaker, 10-15 g of agar is added into the water, and 10-15 g of agar and 500-600 ml of water are fully and uniformly stirred by a stirring rod. The agar and the water are fully and uniformly stirred by the stirring rod, and the beaker with the solution is placed in the microwave oven for heating, so that the agar can be fully mixed with the water, the propagation efficiency of bacteria is improved, and meanwhile, the cultivation process is simple and can be conveniently operated by a user.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sulfide bacteria cultivation, in particular to a cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria.
Background
The sulfur bacteria belong to aerobic chemoautotrophic bacteria, and the growth and decay characteristics of the sulfur bacteria mainly determine the quantity of matrix required by the bacteria in soil and the appropriate degree of change of the environmental conditions of micro-domains around cells. Culturing for 6-21 days under the treatment of eight different water contents of the moisture soil, gradually increasing the content of the vulcanized bacteria in the soil except for treatment until the soil is cultured for 35 days, wherein the number of the vulcanized bacteria in each treatment reaches a high peak value, but when the soil is cultured for 80 days, the number of bacteria has an obvious descending trend; the sulfur bacteria oxidation reduction state sulfide or elemental sulfur is sulfuric acid, sulfur particles are not contained in thalli, obligate energy autotrophy is realized, mainly some species in thiobacillus, such as thiobacillus thiooxidans, thiobacillus denitrificans and the like, the sulfur bacteria obtain energy when oxidizing the sulfide, and assimilate carbon dioxide, wherein, the thiobacillus ferrooxidans can not only oxidize elemental sulfur and reduction state sulfide, but also obtain energy in the process of oxidizing ferrous iron into high iron, the bacteria are commonly used in a water pit of a mine, can oxidize metal sulfide into sulfuric acid, and dissolve metals in the minerals, and is used for mining minerals such as low-grade copper ores and the like, and is called bacterial leaching.
Sulphide bacteria are widely distributed in soil and water, their oxidation provides available sulphur nutrients in the sulphate state for plants, helps the growth of plants, and in order to be able to conveniently cultivate sulphide bacteria, we propose a cultivation process based on sulphide bacteria.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
The present invention aims to provide a cultivation process based on sulphide bacteria to solve the problems set forth in the above background.
2. Technical scheme
A cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria, wherein the whole strain cultivation process is operated in a strain cultivation room, and the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials: 500-600 ml of water, 10-15 g of agar, a swab, a beaker, a stirring rod, a glass culture dish, a cover, sulfide bacteria and a microwave oven;
b. firstly, pouring 500-600 ml of water into a beaker, adding 10-15 g of agar into the water, fully and uniformly stirring 10-15 g of agar and 500-600 ml of water by using a stirring rod until the agar and the water are fully dissolved, and then standing for later use;
c. placing the beaker in a microwave oven, heating, taking out and standing;
d. pouring the mixed solution in the beaker into a glass culture dish, covering a cover on the glass culture dish, and standing for waiting for the solution to solidify;
e. taking out a small amount of sulfide bacteria through a swab, taking down a cover at the top of a glass culture dish, then drawing a plurality of wavy lines on the surface of solidified agar gently, and then standing for bacterial propagation.
Further, in the step b, the standing time is 5-7 min, the stirring time is 4-6 min, and when agar is added, stirring should be carried out while adding.
Further, in the step c, the heating temperature of the microwave oven is set to be 40-60 ℃, the heating time is set to be 6-8 min, and the standing time is 10-15 min.
Further, in the step d, the standing time is 70-90 min.
Furthermore, the inside of the microwave oven is rotatably connected with a rotary table, the top of the rotary table is provided with a lantern ring, the outer wall of the circumference of the lantern ring is of an annular symmetrical structure, a plurality of supporting plates are fixedly arranged, and the convex blocks on the surfaces of the supporting plates are in contact with the edge of the rotary table.
Further, lantern ring circumference outer wall is annular symmetrical structure and has set firmly a plurality of sliding sleeves, the sliding sleeve inner wall is equipped with the bracing piece, bracing piece circumference outer wall cover is equipped with the spring, bracing piece circumference outer wall has set firmly the stop collar, the bracing piece top has set firmly the arc, the bracing piece extends to inside the lantern ring.
Furthermore, one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the limiting sleeve, the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and the limiting sleeve is connected with the inner wall of the sliding sleeve in a sliding manner.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. agar and water are fully stirred uniformly through the stirring rod, the beaker with the solution is placed in a microwave oven to be heated, the agar can be fully mixed with water, the propagation efficiency of bacteria is improved, the cultivation process is simple, and the operation can be carried out by a convenient user.
2. Through setting up the lantern ring to set up a plurality of supporting legss on lantern ring surface, through placing the backup pad at the carousel top, support the lantern ring on the carousel through the lug card in the backup pad, place the beaker inside the lantern ring, thereby can protect the beaker, avoid the beaker to follow the carousel and appear empting the phenomenon when rotating.
3. Through setting up a plurality of sliding sleeves on lantern ring surface, and at the inside bracing piece that sets up of sliding sleeve, a spring, stop collar and arc, place the beaker in the lantern ring at carousel top, the arc through the bracing piece top supports the rim of a cup edge of beaker, under the action of gravity of beaker, the arc promotes the bracing piece and slides to inside along the sliding sleeve inner wall, drive the stop collar simultaneously and slide along the sliding sleeve inner wall, at this moment, the spring receives the extrusion of stop collar, this design can support it according to the diameter size of beaker, the flexibility of device has been improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial structural view of a microwave oven according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a turntable according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the sliding sleeve of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. a microwave oven; 2. a turntable; 3. a collar; 4. a support plate; 5. a sliding sleeve; 6. a support bar; 7. a spring; 8. a limiting sleeve; 9. an arc-shaped plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1-3 and the examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria, wherein the whole strain cultivation process is operated in a strain cultivation room, and the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials: 500ml of water, 10g of agar, a swab, a beaker, a stirring rod, a glass culture dish, a cover, sulfide bacteria and a microwave oven;
b. firstly, pouring 500ml of water into a beaker, adding 10g of agar into the water, fully and uniformly stirring 10g of agar and 500ml of water by a stirring rod until the agar and the water are fully dissolved, then standing for standby, wherein the standing time is 5min, the stirring time is 4min, and when the agar is added, the stirring is carried out while adding;
c. placing the beaker in a microwave oven, heating, taking out, and standing, wherein the heating temperature of the microwave oven is set to be 40 ℃, the heating time is set to be 6min, and the standing time is 10 min;
d. pouring the mixed solution in the beaker into a glass culture dish, covering a cover on the glass culture dish, standing for solidification of the solution, wherein the standing time is 70 min;
e. taking out a small amount of sulfide bacteria through a swab, taking down a cover at the top of a glass culture dish, then drawing a plurality of wavy lines on the surface of solidified agar gently, and then standing for bacterial propagation.
Example two:
a cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria, wherein the whole strain cultivation process is operated in a strain cultivation room, and the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials: 550ml of water, 13g of agar, a swab, a beaker, a stirring rod, a glass culture dish, a cover, sulfide bacteria and a microwave oven;
b. firstly, pouring 550ml of water into a beaker, adding 13g of agar into the water, fully and uniformly stirring 13g of agar and 550ml of water by a stirring rod until the agar and the water are fully dissolved, then standing for standby, wherein the standing time is 6min, the stirring time is 5min, and when the agar is added, the stirring is carried out while adding;
c. placing the beaker in a microwave oven, heating, taking out, and standing, wherein the heating temperature of the microwave oven is set to be 50 ℃, the heating time is set to be 7min, and the standing time is 12 min;
d. pouring the mixed solution in the beaker into a glass culture dish, covering a cover on the glass culture dish, standing for 80min to wait for the solution to solidify;
e. taking out a small amount of sulfide bacteria through a swab, taking down a cover at the top of a glass culture dish, then drawing a plurality of wavy lines on the surface of solidified agar gently, and then standing for bacterial propagation.
Example three:
a cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria, wherein the whole strain cultivation process is operated in a strain cultivation room, and the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials: 600ml of water, 15g of agar, a swab, a beaker, a stirring rod, a glass culture dish, a cover, sulfide bacteria and a microwave oven;
b. firstly, pouring 600ml of water into a beaker, adding 15g of agar into the water, fully and uniformly stirring the 15g of agar and the 600ml of water by a stirring rod until the agar and the water are fully dissolved, then standing for standby, wherein the standing time is 7min, the stirring time is 6min, and when the agar is added, the stirring is carried out while adding;
c. placing the beaker in a microwave oven, heating, taking out, and standing, wherein the heating temperature of the microwave oven is set to be 60 ℃, the heating time is set to be 8min, and the standing time is set to be 15 min;
d. pouring the mixed solution in the beaker into a glass culture dish, covering a cover on the glass culture dish, standing for waiting for the solution to solidify, wherein the standing time is 90 min;
e. taking out a small amount of sulfide bacteria through a swab, taking down a cover at the top of a glass culture dish, then drawing a plurality of wavy lines on the surface of solidified agar gently, and then standing for bacterial propagation.
Example four:
a cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria, wherein the whole strain cultivation process is operated in a strain cultivation room, and the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials: 580ml of water, 12g of agar, a swab, a beaker, a stirring rod, a glass culture dish, a cover, sulfide bacteria and a microwave oven;
b. pouring 580ml of water into a beaker, adding 12g of agar into the water, fully and uniformly stirring 12g of agar and 580ml of water by a stirring rod until the agar and the water are fully dissolved, standing for standby, wherein the standing time is 6min, the stirring time is 6min, and when the agar is added, the stirring is carried out while adding;
c. placing the beaker in a microwave oven, heating, taking out, and standing, wherein the heating temperature of the microwave oven is set to be 60 ℃, the heating time is set to be 7min, and the standing time is set to be 15 min;
d. pouring the mixed solution in the beaker into a glass culture dish, covering a cover on the glass culture dish, standing for waiting for the solution to solidify, wherein the standing time is 90 min;
e. taking out a small amount of sulfide bacteria through a swab, taking down a cover at the top of a glass culture dish, then drawing a plurality of wavy lines on the surface of solidified agar gently, and then standing for bacterial propagation.
The inner part of the microwave oven 1 is rotatably connected with a rotary table 2, the top of the rotary table 2 is provided with a lantern ring 3, the outer wall of the circumference of the lantern ring 3 is fixedly provided with a plurality of supporting plates 4 in an annular symmetrical structure, a lug on the surface of each supporting plate 4 is contacted with the edge of the rotary table 2, by arranging the lantern ring 3 and arranging a plurality of supporting feet on the surface of the lantern ring 3, by placing the supporting plates 4 on the top of the rotary table 2, the lantern ring 3 is supported by clamping the lug on the supporting plates 4 on the rotary table 2, a beaker is placed in the lantern ring 3, so that the beaker can be protected, the phenomenon of toppling when the beaker rotates along with the rotary table 2 is avoided, the outer wall of the circumference of the lantern ring 3 is fixedly provided with a plurality of sliding sleeves 5 in an annular symmetrical structure, the inner wall of each sliding sleeve 5 is provided with a supporting rod 6, the outer wall of the circumference of each supporting rod 6 is sleeved with a spring 7, one end of each spring 7 is fixedly connected with a limiting sleeve 8, and the other end of each spring 7 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of each sliding sleeve 5, stop collar 8 and 5 inner wall sliding connection of sliding sleeve, 6 circumference outer walls of bracing piece have set firmly stop collar 8, 6 tops of bracing piece have set firmly arc 9, bracing piece 6 extends to the 3 insides of lantern ring, through set up a plurality of sliding sleeves 5 on 3 surfaces of the lantern ring, and set up bracing piece 6 at 5 insides of sliding sleeve, spring 7, stop collar 8 and arc 9, place the beaker in the lantern ring 3 at 2 tops of carousel, the arc 9 at 6 tops of bracing piece supports the rim of a cup edge of beaker, under the action of gravity of beaker, arc 9 promotes bracing piece 6 and slides to inside along 5 inner walls of sliding sleeve, it slides along 5 inner walls of sliding sleeve to drive stop collar 8 simultaneously, at this moment, spring 7 receives the extrusion of stop collar 8, this design can support it according to the diameter size of beaker, the flexibility of device has been improved.
When using, place backup pad 4 at 2 tops of carousel, support the lantern ring 3 on carousel 2 through the lug card in backup pad 4, place the beaker in the lantern ring 3 at 2 tops of carousel, the arc 9 through bracing piece 6 tops supports the rim of a cup edge of beaker, under the action of gravity of beaker, arc 9 promotes bracing piece 6 and slides to inside along 5 inner walls of sliding sleeve, it slides to drive stop collar 8 along 5 inner walls of sliding sleeve simultaneously, at this moment, spring 7 receives 8 extrudees of stop collar, and is compressed, thereby support the beaker, avoid 1 heating process of microwave oven to drive carousel 2 and rotate and lead to the beaker to empty.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation process based on sulfide bacteria is characterized in that: the whole strain cultivation process is operated in a strain cultivation room, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials: 500-600 ml of water, 10-15 g of agar, a swab, a beaker, a stirring rod, a glass culture dish, a cover, sulfide bacteria and a microwave oven;
b. firstly, pouring 500-600 ml of water into a beaker, adding 10-15 g of agar into the water, fully and uniformly stirring 10-15 g of agar and 500-600 ml of water by using a stirring rod until the agar and the water are fully dissolved, and then standing for later use;
c. placing the beaker in a microwave oven, heating, taking out and standing;
d. pouring the mixed solution in the beaker into a glass culture dish, covering a cover on the glass culture dish, and standing for waiting for the solution to solidify;
e. taking out a small amount of sulfide bacteria through a swab, taking down a cover at the top of a glass culture dish, then drawing a plurality of wavy lines on the surface of the solidified agar lightly, and then standing for the bacteria to propagate.
2. A sulfide bacteria-based cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein: and in the step b, standing for 5-7 min, and stirring for 4-6 min, wherein when agar is added, stirring is carried out while adding.
3. A sulfide bacteria-based cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step c, the heating temperature of the microwave oven is set to be 40-60 ℃, the heating time is set to be 6-8 min, and the standing time is 10-15 min.
4. A sulfide bacteria-based cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step d, the standing time is 70-90 min.
5. A sulfide bacteria-based cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein: microwave oven (1) internal rotation is connected with carousel (2), carousel (2) top is equipped with the lantern ring (3), lantern ring (3) circumference outer wall is annular symmetrical structure and has set firmly a plurality of backup pads (4), backup pad (4) surface lug and carousel (2) edge contact.
6. A sulphide bacteria based cultivation process as claimed in claim 5, wherein: lantern ring (3) circumference outer wall is annular symmetrical structure and has set firmly a plurality of sliding sleeves (5), sliding sleeve (5) inner wall is equipped with bracing piece (6), bracing piece (6) circumference outer wall cover is equipped with spring (7), bracing piece (6) circumference outer wall has set firmly stop collar (8), bracing piece (6) top has set firmly arc (9), bracing piece (6) extend to lantern ring (3) inside.
7. A sulphide bacteria based cultivation process as claimed in claim 6, wherein: one end of the spring (7) is fixedly connected with the limiting sleeve (8), the other end of the spring (7) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (5), and the limiting sleeve (8) is slidably connected with the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (5).
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| CN202210638509.3A CN114806971A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Cultivating process based on sulfide bacteria |
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Application publication date: 20220729 |