CN114804972A - Method for regulating and controlling heavy metal activity by using biochar in cooperation with soil humus - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling heavy metal activity by using biochar in cooperation with soil humus Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C01B32/30—Active carbon
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- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for effectively regulating and controlling heavy metal activity by biochar in cooperation with soil humus, which is characterized in that a modifier prepared from iron-rich biochar and soil humus is added into heavy metal contaminated soil, the soil humus is utilized to enhance the adsorption and conversion of the biochar on heavy metal ions, so that the soil is improved, particularly, the biochar is prepared from aquatic plants, the content of loaded iron is high, the specific surface area of the biochar is large through pyrolysis and laser scanning treatment, the large effective contact area and reaction modification space are provided for loaded iron, the atoms in the iron-rich biochar are regularly arranged, the active sites of the biochar are improved, the effects of the iron-rich biochar and the soil humus are fully exerted, the mediating efficiency of the biochar on a microbial electron transfer process is improved by 52-58 times, the microbial biomass reaches 10.5-12.0 lg CFU/g, and is at least improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude, the technical method provided by the invention is simple to operate and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental preparation, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling heavy metal activity by using biochar in cooperation with soil humus.
Background
The soil is the foundation for human survival, and bears the daily life of human to the utmost extent. However, with the rapid development of industrial technology, pesticide and chemical fertilizers containing excessive heavy metals are continuously applied to soil, and unreasonable smelting emission of industrial mineral resources causes increasingly serious soil heavy metal pollution in China.
Heavy metal pollution not only reduces the production capacity of soil, but also finally accumulates in human bodies through food chains, and threatens the health of the human bodies. Therefore, the treatment of the heavy metal pollution of the soil is urgently needed.
Because the population pressure of China is large, the contradiction between the shortage of high-quality cultivated land resources and the grain production demand is extremely outstanding, the polluted soil cannot be subjected to large-scale leisure, non-grain crop planting or phytoremediation; engineering measures are high in cost and difficult to implement, and the heavy metal pollutants cannot be removed by landfill of the polluted soil, so that the remediation measures which are feasible and can ensure the safe production of crops for the heavy metal polluted soil of the farmland are humic substance regulation and control.
One of the most important functions and functions of soil humus is that the soil humus can interact with metal ions and organic compounds, and the main functions of the soil humus comprise influencing cation exchange capacity and soil pH value, adsorbing and forming coordination compounds so as to change the bioavailability and occurrence form of heavy metals and improve the quantity of chelating peptides in a repaired plant body; promote the heavy metal to be converted from an unstable state to a stable state, namely passivate the heavy metal in the sediment and reduce the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal.
The soil polluted by heavy metals is mostly acidic, the biochar is mostly alkaline, and the biochar is applied to the soil, so that the soil has obvious effects of improving the acidic soil, increasing the pH value of the soil and reducing the toxicity. Meanwhile, the biochar can improve the physical structure of soil, influence the microbial activity of the soil, reduce the loss of nutrient elements and regulate and control the circulation of the nutrient elements, so that adding the biochar into the soil becomes an important technical approach for increasing the convergence and reducing the emission of agriculture in recent years.
The research in the prior art also proves that the biochar and the humus can jointly repair the heavy metal contaminated soil, the addition of the soil humus can obviously enhance the adsorption and conversion of the biochar on heavy metal ions, but the influence on different types of biochar is different. And because the biochar and the soil humus have certain risks in repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil, if the biochar and the soil humus have the possibility of improving the mobility of heavy metals in the soil so as to increase the leaching of the heavy metals, the research that the biochar and the soil humus can be used for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil in a combined manner cannot be developed.
In view of the above, further research on the biochar and the humus is needed, and a method for effectively regulating and controlling the activity of heavy metals by the biochar and the humus in the soil is found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and researches to develop a method for effectively regulating and controlling heavy metal activity by using biochar and soil humus, the conditioner prepared from iron-rich biochar and soil humus is added into heavy metal contaminated soil, the soil humus is used for enhancing the adsorption and conversion of the biochar on heavy metal ions, so that the soil is improved, particularly the biochar is prepared from aquatic plants, the content of loaded iron is high, the biochar has large specific surface area through pyrolysis and laser scanning treatment, a great effective contact area and a reaction modification space are provided for loading iron, the atoms in the iron-rich biochar are regularly arranged, the active sites of the biochar are improved, the effects of the iron-rich biochar and the soil humus are fully exerted, the mediating efficiency of the biochar on a microbial electron transfer process is improved by 52-58 times, and the microbial biomass reaches 10.5-12.0 lg CFU/g, the technical method provided by the invention is simple to operate and low in cost, so that the method is completed.
Specifically, the invention aims to provide a method for effectively regulating and controlling heavy metal activity by using biochar in cooperation with soil humus, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing iron-rich biochar;
and 2, preparing the conditioner by using the iron-rich biochar prepared in the step 1 and soil humus.
Wherein, step 1 includes the following steps:
step 1-1, culturing aquatic plants;
and 1-2, preparing the iron-rich biochar by using the aquatic plant in the step 1-1.
Wherein, in the step 1-1, the aquatic plant comprises one or more of emergent aquatic plant, floating leaf plant, submerged plant and floating plant, preferably emergent aquatic plant, and more preferably rhizoma Acori Calami.
Wherein, in the step 1-1, an iron source is added into the culture solution of the aquatic plant, and the iron source comprises an inorganic iron source, an organic iron source and/or chelated iron, preferably chelated iron, and more preferably Fe-DTPA.
Wherein, in the step 1-2, the aquatic plant in the step 1-1 is subjected to sectional sintering and laser scanning treatment.
Wherein, in step 1-2, the step sintering comprises:
the first stage is as follows: the temperature is 200-300 ℃, the heating rate is 5-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 20-40 min;
and a second stage: the temperature is 350-600 ℃, the heating rate is 8-14 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 20-50 min;
and a third stage: the temperature is 620-1000 ℃, the heating rate is 7-13 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 30-90 min.
Wherein the step sintering comprises:
the first stage is as follows: the temperature is 250-320 ℃, the heating rate is 7-10 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25-35 min;
and a second stage: the temperature is 400-550 ℃, the heating rate is 9-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25-40 min;
and a third stage: the temperature is 700-900 ℃, the heating rate is 9-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 50-80 min.
Wherein the step sintering comprises:
the first stage is as follows: the temperature is 280 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 30 min;
and a second stage: the temperature is 440 ℃, the heating rate is 11 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25 min;
and a third stage: the temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 60 min.
In the step 2, the soil humus is obtained by decomposing one or more of the raw materials of blue algae, livestock and poultry manure, straw, wood chips, rice hulls and plant wastes in soil through microorganisms.
In the step 2, the weight ratio of the iron-rich biochar to the soil humus is (0.2-5): 1.
the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method for effectively regulating and controlling the activity of the heavy metal by using the biochar in cooperation with the soil humus provided by the invention utilizes the aquatic plants as the raw materials of the biochar, fully utilizes the properties of the aquatic plants, avoids secondary pollution and has certain economic value.
(2) According to the method for effectively regulating and controlling the heavy metal activity by the biological carbon in cooperation with the soil humus, the content of loaded iron in the biological carbon is high, the specific surface area of the biological carbon is large through pyrolysis and laser scanning treatment, a large effective contact area and a reaction modification space are provided for the loaded iron, and the active sites of the biological carbon are improved due to the regular arrangement of atoms in the iron-rich biological carbon.
(3) The method for effectively regulating and controlling the heavy metal activity by the biochar in cooperation with the soil humus provided by the invention utilizes the soil humus to enhance the adsorption and conversion of the biochar on heavy metal ions, further improves the soil and fully exerts the synergistic effect of the iron-rich biochar and the soil humus.
(4) The method for effectively regulating and controlling the heavy metal activity by the biochar in cooperation with soil humus, provided by the invention, is simple to operate, low in cost and environment-friendly.
(5) According to the method for effectively regulating and controlling the heavy metal activity by the biological carbon in cooperation with the soil humus, provided by the invention, the biological carbon is loaded with nano iron and is coated with zero-valent iron, so that the use reliability and durability are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The invention aims to provide a method for effectively regulating and controlling heavy metal activity by using biochar in cooperation with soil humus, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing the iron-rich biochar.
According to a preferred mode, the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1-1, culturing aquatic plants.
In step 1, the aquatic plant comprises one or more of emergent aquatic plant, floating-leaf plant, submerged plant and floating plant, preferably emergent aquatic plant, and more preferably calamus.
According to the invention, the roots, stems and leaves of the aquatic plants form complete and developed ventilation tissues, so that the requirement of organs and tissues on oxygen is ensured, the developed root system tissues are ensured, the absorption of various nutrient substances is ensured, and the like, the enrichment capacity of crops is fully utilized, more particularly, the calamus rhizome is strong, strong in adaptability, easy to culture, better in absorption effect on iron elements, and the prepared charcoal material is large in specific surface area and high in utilization efficiency.
In the step 1, soilless culture is preferably adopted as a culture mode, so that land and biomass resources can be fully utilized, time and labor are saved, the concentration of ions is effectively controlled, and the influence of other ions such as copper ions on crops is reduced.
According to the invention, the culture solution for soilless culture is preferably a Moraded nutrient solution, so that the growth requirement of aquatic plants can be met, and the use effect of the culture solution can be exerted to the maximum extent.
In step 1, the aquatic plant is placed in an incubator with a culture solution, and an iron source is added thereto, the iron source including an inorganic iron source, an organic iron source, and/or chelated iron, preferably chelated iron.
The inventor researches and discovers that the chelated iron is used as an iron source, the iron enrichment of crops to the iron element is higher, and the inventor believes that the chelated iron is used as the iron source, and the chelating agent can relieve the precipitation caused by the combination of the trace elements and other ions in the nutrient solution, such as phosphate ions and carbonate ions, and overcomes the problem of low absorption efficiency of crops to the trace elements.
In a further preferred embodiment, the iron source is Fe-DTPA, the Fe-DTPA is stable in chemical property, easy to dissolve in water and excellent in chelating effect, and iron elements in the Fe-DTPA can be absorbed by aquatic plants more easily, so that the utilization rate is improved, and the iron enrichment in crops is better.
The inventor finds that the higher the Fe chelating value is, the more beneficial the plants to absorb and utilize the fertilizer nutrients, and in order to achieve the using effect of the iron-rich biochar material, the concentration of the iron element in the iron source compound is preferably 300-600 mg/mL, more preferably 360-500 mg/mL, for example 450 mg/mL.
In the step 1, the pH value of the solution needs to be controlled to 4-7, preferably 5.5-6.5, and more preferably 5.9-6.1 in the cultivation process; the solvent for adjusting the pH is preferably a buffer solution of sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate and/or a buffer solution of sodium phosphate/sodium hydrogen phosphate, which is easily controlled for pH and can provide trace elements.
And 1-2, preparing the iron-rich biochar by using the aquatic plant in the step 1-1.
According to a preferable mode, the aquatic plant of the step 1-1 is subjected to the step sintering and the laser scanning treatment.
Preferably, the staged sintering comprises three stages of thermal decomposition, in particular:
the first stage is as follows: the temperature is 200-300 ℃, the heating rate is 5-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 20-40 min.
And a second stage: the temperature is 350-600 ℃, the heating rate is 8-14 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 20-50 min.
And a third stage: the temperature is 620-1000 ℃, the heating rate is 7-13 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 30-90 min.
According to the invention, for carbon element, with the increase of sintering temperature, the specific surface area and the total pore volume of the biochar are increased, the micropore volume is also increased, with the continuous increase of the temperature, the branched carbon atom structure in the biochar is broken, micropores are continuously generated by reaction, and simultaneously, some micropores are expanded into mesopores or even macropores, and simultaneously, the collapse of micropore walls is also accompanied, so that the micropore volume is slightly reduced. The temperature is too high, carbon is continuously ablated, and the yield of the biochar is reduced to some extent; as for iron elements, the iron-rich biochar prepared by a sintering mode has good structural characteristics and electrochemical characteristics, the specific surface area is greatly increased, ferroferric oxide is generated at 500 ℃, carbon is reduced to generate martensite at 700 ℃, the martensite at 900 ℃ is gradually converted into austenite, and the particle size of the generated zero-valent iron is about 80 nm.
The inventor researches and discovers that with the acceleration of the heating rate, the spacing between carbon layers is firstly reduced and then increased, the mechanical strength of the carbon material corresponding to the spacing is firstly increased and then reduced, in order to obtain the carbon material with higher mechanical property, the first-stage heating rate is preferably 5-12 ℃/min, the second-stage heating rate is preferably 8-14 ℃/min, the third-stage heating rate is preferably 7-13 ℃/min, and the durability of the biochar loaded with iron is the best; too short or too long a holding time also results in poor mechanical properties of the carbon material, and thus low durability of the iron-loaded biochar.
In a further preferred mode, the first stage: the temperature is 250-320 ℃, the heating rate is 7-10 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25-35 min; and a second stage: the temperature is 400-550 ℃, the heating rate is 9-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25-40 min; and a third stage: the temperature is 700-900 ℃, the heating rate is 9-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 50-80 min.
In a still further preferred form, the first stage: the temperature is 280 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 30 min; and a second stage: the temperature is 440 ℃, the heating rate is 11 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25 min; and a third stage: the temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 60 min.
According to the invention, the laser scanning comprises the step of scanning the sintered material by using an infrared laser and/or an ultraviolet laser, the scanned biochar material can better pull out electrons released in the microbial respiration process and transfer the electrons to ionic heavy metal pollutants adsorbed to the surface of the biochar, so that the valence state of the biochar is reduced, the activity of the biochar is reduced, and the biochar is finally wrapped in biochar iron oxide to realize the solidification and stabilization of the biochar.
According to the invention, theoretically, the regular arrangement of atoms can not only improve the active sites of the reaction, but also improve the durability of the material, and in order to enable the iron-rich biochar to have higher activity, the sintered iron-rich biochar is subjected to laser scanning treatment, the mediating efficiency of the biochar obtained by laser scanning on the electron transfer process of microorganisms is greatly improved, the efficiency is improved by 52-58 times, the microbial biomass can reach 10.5-12.0 lg CFU/g, and is improved by at least 1-2 orders of magnitude.
Preferably, the iron-rich biochar is firstly scanned by an infrared laser and then scanned by an ultraviolet laser, the atoms of the iron-rich biochar can be regularly arranged to meet the requirements of atoms on energy acquisition and electron release, and the laser pulse intensity is 10 12 ～10 16 W/cm 2 Preferably 10 13 ～10 14 W/cm 2 More preferably 10 14 W/cm 2 。
According to the invention, the prepared iron-rich biochar has a diffraction peak of zero-valent iron at 44.8 degrees, and has iron-carbon compounds CFe at 43.1 degrees and 73.9 degrees 15.1 Diffraction peak, the specific surface area of the carbon material reaches 2300m 2 More than g.
And 2, preparing the conditioner by using the iron-rich biochar prepared in the step 1 and soil humus.
In the step 2, the soil humus comprises any one or more of blue algae, livestock and poultry manure, straw, wood chips, rice hulls and plant wastes, and is obtained by microbial decomposition of the raw materials in soil.
According to the invention, soil humus may contain various harmful substances of fungi such as worm eggs, fungi imperfecti, and ascomycetes, and needs to be sterilized before use, and the bactericide is not limited to any substance capable of sterilizing on the market, preferably carbendazim, and can effectively prevent and treat crop diseases caused by fungi.
In the step 2, the weight ratio of the iron-rich biochar to soil humus is (0.2-5): 1, preferably (0.8 to 3): 1, more preferably (1-2): 1.
according to the invention, because the iron-rich biochar and soil humus play a certain role in adsorbing and transferring heavy metals in soil, in order to prevent the weight of the iron-rich biochar and/or soil humus from being too heavy and increase the possibility of heavy metal leaching, the inventor researches and discovers that the weight ratio of the iron-rich biochar to the soil humus is (0.2-5): 1, in particular (1-2): 1 hour, the adsorption and conversion effects of the soil humus and the biochar on heavy metal ions are most obvious, the cation exchange capacity and the water holding capacity of the soil are effectively improved, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient elements of the soil are enriched.
According to the invention, optionally, the modifying agent obtained in the step 2 is ploughed to the heavy metal soil, so as to modify the heavy metal soil. The weight of the modifier used per kilogram of heavy metal soil is 100-600 mg, preferably 150-500 mg, more preferably 200-400 mg, and at the moment, the heavy metal leaching can be prevented, and the soil quality can be effectively improved.
Examples
The present invention is further described below by way of specific examples, which are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of modifier
(1) Preparation of iron-rich biochar
Washing the incubator with clear water, and placing Moraded culture solution and rhizoma Acori Calami in the incubatorAfter 5 days, the concentration of iron element is 450 mg.L -1 Adding the Fe-DTPA solution into an incubator, culturing for 80 days, during the culture period, replacing the culture solution in the incubator in a period of 8 days in order to ensure the concentration of iron ions, during the experiment, keeping the pH value of the aqueous solution in the incubator within the range of 5.9-6.1, after the experiment is finished, treating the roots, stems and leaves of the plant separately, drying and grinding the plant and sieving the plant with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the iron-rich biomass.
Putting the dried iron-rich biomass into a crucible, and putting the crucible into a tubular muffle furnace for sintering:
the first stage is as follows: the temperature is 280 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 30 min;
and a second stage: the temperature is 440 ℃, the heating rate is 11 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25 min;
and a third stage: the temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 60 min.
Carrying out laser scanning on the sintered carbon material, firstly scanning the sintered carbon material once by using an infrared laser, and then scanning the sintered carbon material once by using an ultraviolet laser to obtain the iron-rich biochar, wherein the laser pulse intensity is 10 14 W/cm 2 。
XRD characterization is carried out on the iron-rich biochar, the diffraction peak of zero-valent iron exists at 44.8 degrees of the iron-rich biochar, and the iron carbon compound CFe exists at 43.1 degrees and 73.9 degrees of the iron-rich biochar 15.1 Diffraction peaks.
XPS characterization is carried out on the iron-rich biochar, and the zero-valent nano-iron content at the surface, at the depth of 40nm and at the depth of 80nm is 1.90%, 9.95% and 19.06 respectively.
(2) Self-made soil humus
Collecting autumn fallen leaves, cutting the fallen leaves into pieces, mixing the fallen leaves with black soil, watering the rice washing water, covering the black soil on the rice washing water, placing the rice washing water for half a year, turning and smashing for several times during the period, sterilizing by using carbendazim before use to obtain humus soil, and then purifying soil humus, specifically:
placing the soil sample in a beaker, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1M into the soil sample, stirring the mixture for 20 hours at normal temperature, carrying out centrifugal filtration, removing supernatant, washing the precipitate to be neutral, treating the precipitate by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.1M, stirring the precipitate for 20 hours at normal temperature, carrying out centrifugal filtration separation, collecting supernatant, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 7M into the supernatant until the pH value is 1, standing the supernatant for 6 hours, and carrying out centrifugal separation to obtain a lower-layer substance which is soil humus required by the subsequent preparation of the conditioner.
(3) Preparation of the modifier
And mixing the iron-rich biochar with soil humus in a weight ratio of 1.2:1 to obtain the conditioner.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of modifier
This example prepared the same modifier as in example 1, except that:
and mixing the iron-rich biochar and soil humus in a weight ratio of 1.5:1 to obtain the conditioner.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1 preparation of modifier
Comparative example 1 the process for preparing the improver is the same as that of example 1, except that: the preparation process of the iron-rich biochar does not carry out laser scanning.
Examples of the experiments
Experimental example 1 detection of heavy Metal soil remediation Capacity
Drying the pollution-free loess soil (10m × 10m, sampling depth of 50cm) from the test field, grinding, naturally drying, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve. Adding CuSO 4 、CrCl 3 、ZnSO 4 Aqueous solution, in which copper is added in an amount of 400mg/kg soil (in terms of Cu) 2+ Calculated), the addition amount of chromium is 200mg/kg soil (calculated as Cr) 3+ Calculated), zinc addition amount 300mg/kg soil (in terms of Zn) 2+ Metering), stirring uniformly, aging and standing for a week, naturally air-drying, crushing, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, simulating a polluted soil sample, and backfilling into an experimental field.
The conditioners obtained in examples 1 to 2 were mixed into the soil in an amount of 250mg/Kg of soil. Planting Magnolia liliflora at plant row spacing of 15cm × 15cm after 30 days, watering after cuttage, harvesting plants after 100 days, and culturing Cu in simulated polluted soil sample 2+ 、Cr 3+ And Zn 2+ The content detection pair ratios of (1) are shown in table 1.
Experimental example 2 detection of heavy metal soil remediation ability
The experimental example and the experimental example have the same steps, and the difference is only that: copper addition 500mg/kg soil (in Cu) 2+ Calculated), the addition amount of chromium is 300mg/kg soil (calculated as Cr) 3+ Calculated by the formula), the zinc adding amount is 400mg/kg soil (calculated by Zn) 2+ Meter), culturing Cu in simulated polluted soil sample 2+ 、Cr 3+ And Zn 2+ The content detection pair ratios of (1) are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 detection of the remediation Capacity of heavy Metal soils
Experimental example 3 Effect of improving agent on microorganism
The farmland soil used in the experimental example is from a corn plough layer of a long-term positioning test in Tongzhou district of Beijing, the pH of the soil is 5.7, and the microbial biomass in the soil is measured to be 8.3lg CFU/g.
300g of farmland soil was mixed with 75mg of the conditioner prepared in example 1, the water content was adjusted to 40% of the field capacity, and the mixture was cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃, and water was weighed every week and sampled on the 50 th day during the culture experiment. The soil microbial load was measured to be 11.6lg CFU/g, and the soil respiration capacity was measured by the following method:
weighing 50g of the mixture of the cultivated farmland soil and the modifying agent in a 100mL brown wide-mouth bottle, adjusting the water content of the soil to 60% of the field water capacity, and absorbing 0.l mol.L -1 10mL of NaOH solution was placed in a brown jar and incubated in an incubator at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. After the culture is finished, the phenolphthalein solution is added dropwise, and the amount of the phenolphthalein solution is 0.L mol.L -1 The hydrochloric acid solution titrates until the red color disappears, and the respiration rate of the soil is determined to be increased by 56 percent relative to the respiration rate of farmland soil which is not treated.
300g of farmland soil was mixed with 75mg of the improver prepared in comparative example 1, the water content was adjusted to 40% of the field capacity, the mixture was sealed with a wrap film, the mixture was cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ and 9 ℃, water was weighed every week and sampled on the 50 th day during the culture experiment. The soil microbial load was determined to be 9.8lg CFU/g.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments and illustrative examples. It should be noted, however, that these specific embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Various modifications, equivalent substitutions and alterations can be made to the technical content and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these are within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for effectively regulating and controlling heavy metal activity by using biochar in cooperation with soil humus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing iron-rich biochar;
and 2, preparing the conditioner by using the iron-rich biochar prepared in the step 1 and soil humus.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 comprises the steps of:
step 1-1, culturing aquatic plants;
and 1-2, preparing the iron-rich biochar by using the aquatic plant in the step 1-1.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 1-1, the aquatic plant comprises any one or more of emergent aquatic plant, leafy plant, submerged plant and floating plant, preferably emergent aquatic plant, more preferably calamus.
4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in step 1-1 an iron source is added to the culture broth of the aquatic plant, said iron source comprising an inorganic iron source, an organic iron source and/or chelated iron, preferably chelated iron, more preferably Fe-DTPA.
5. The method as set forth in claim 4, wherein the aquatic plants of step 1-1 are subjected to the step 1-2 to the step of segmental sintering and the laser sweeping.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step 1-2, the step sintering comprises:
the first stage is as follows: the temperature is 200-300 ℃, the heating rate is 5-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 20-40 min;
and a second stage: the temperature is 350-600 ℃, the heating rate is 8-14 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 20-50 min;
and a third stage: the temperature is 620-1000 ℃, the heating rate is 7-13 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 30-90 min.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the staged sintering comprises:
the first stage is as follows: the temperature is 250-320 ℃, the heating rate is 7-10 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25-35 min;
and a second stage: the temperature is 400-550 ℃, the heating rate is 9-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25-40 min;
and a third stage: the temperature is 700-900 ℃, the heating rate is 9-12 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 50-80 min.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step sintering comprises:
the first stage is as follows: the temperature is 280 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 30 min;
and a second stage: the temperature is 440 ℃, the heating rate is 11 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 25 min;
and a third stage: the temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 60 min.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the step 2, the soil humus is obtained by decomposing any one or more of raw materials of blue algae, livestock and poultry manure, straw, wood chips, rice hulls and plant wastes in soil through microorganisms.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step 2, the weight ratio of the iron-rich biochar to the soil humus is (0.2-5): 1.
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