CN114800084A - Precision machining method of eccentric shaft - Google Patents
Precision machining method of eccentric shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN114800084A CN114800084A CN202210180264.4A CN202210180264A CN114800084A CN 114800084 A CN114800084 A CN 114800084A CN 202210180264 A CN202210180264 A CN 202210180264A CN 114800084 A CN114800084 A CN 114800084A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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Abstract
The invention relates to a precision machining method of an eccentric shaft, 1) supporting the eccentric shaft; 2) moving the measuring block to contact with the back side of the shaft neck section, recording the position of an X axis and measuring the shaft diameter of the shaft section; 3) moving the measuring block to contact with the rear side of the eccentric shaft section, and recording the position X of the X axis 2 Rotating the shaft C of the headstock to obtain a reference tooth profile surface of the gear shaft section; measuring the shaft diameter of the shaft section and calculating the eccentricity between the center of the shaft section and the rotation center of the eccentric shaft; 4) moving the measuring rod into a gear shaft section tooth groove, recording two rotating angles of a head frame C shaft when a reference tooth profile surface is contacted with a measuring rod ball head, and calculating an angular bisector of the reference tooth profile surface tooth groove; 5) calculating the position X of the eccentric shaft segment 2 Angle and eccentricity errors relative to the angular bisector; 6) the angle and eccentricity error and other parameters are input into the grinding program to follow up the grinding. The eccentric shaft section error is obtained through automatic measurement, the production efficiency is improved, and the machining precision is guaranteed; meanwhile, the collision between the grinding wheel and the workpiece can be avoided by using the measured data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machining method of an eccentric shaft, in particular to a precise grinding machining method of the eccentric shaft.
Background
The eccentric shaft parts are common typical parts, mainly include optical axis eccentricity, stepped shaft eccentricity, special-shaped eccentricity and other forms, and are widely applied to various mechanical transmission devices, especially small-tooth-difference planetary reducers. The eccentric shaft has one-way eccentricity, two-way eccentricity and multi-way eccentricity, and the precision processing method is based on the grinding processing principle of the traditional crankshaft grinder, namely, the center of an eccentric shaft neck is adjusted to coincide with the center of gyration of the top tip of a head and tail frame through a tool, for example, the processing method of the small-eccentricity multi-eccentricity and two-way eccentric shaft disclosed by the CN100493786C patent adjusts the radial position of the eccentric shaft in an eccentric adjusting sleeve by additionally arranging process lugs at the two ends of the eccentric shaft, and the eccentric shaft section is processed after coinciding with the gyration axis driven by a workpiece, so that manual adjustment is needed, the production efficiency is low, and the additionally arranged process lugs cause material waste; for example, CN110900450A discloses a precise, fast and flexible multi-eccentric shaft grinding clamp, in which positioning blocks with different heights are arranged in a grinding head clamp and a tailstock clamp to adjust an eccentric shaft, so that the axis of an eccentric shaft section coincides with a driving rotation center line supported by a head and a tailstock.
In recent years, with the rapid development of industrial robot technology, the RV reducer has higher fatigue strength, rigidity and service life than the harmonic reducer, and is more and more commonly used. The double eccentric shafts in the RV reducer structure are one of the most central parts, and are bridges between primary planetary reduction and secondary cycloid reduction, the typical structure is shown in figure 1, one end is a gear or a spline for meshing transmission, the middle is two eccentric shaft sections in a cylindrical shape, and the other structures mainly comprise journal sections for supporting bearings. The double-eccentric shaft structure of the RV reducer generally has special design requirements, as shown in figure 2, and the two eccentric shaft sections shown in figure 1 have equal diameters (D) 1 ＝D 2 ) And in two eccentric cylindersHeart O 1 And O 2 Is completely symmetrical with respect to the center of rotation O of the eccentric shaft (eccentricity OO of the two eccentric shaft sections) 1 And OO 2 Are equal to e, e 1 ＝e 2 E), OO connected to the center of rotation O 1 The two tooth profile sides B and C of a certain gear tooth groove or spline tooth groove in the eccentric direction are opposite to the side O 1 O 2 The connecting lines are symmetrical. The design that the eccentric directions of the two eccentric shaft sections are completely symmetrical ensures that the meshing force generated by the double cycloid gears when stressed is distributed at 180 degrees on both sides, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity of load and the stability of rotation. The CN204221417U patent discloses a special frock suitable for grinding RV reduction gear eccentric shaft usefulness, through the eccentric inner spline hole that is established in the hydraulic pressure locking head and equals with the eccentric shaft eccentricity, processes the bent axle that little eccentric area spline with the frock that forms after supporting with the eccentric cover that sets up the same eccentricity, and the eccentricity at this moment is adjustable, has restricted the application range of this frock greatly.
The follow-up grinding technology discards a grinding mode that a traditional crankshaft grinding machine depends on a tool to translate a rotation center line, adopts a two-shaft control technology that headstock C-shaft rotation motion is linked with grinding carriage X-shaft linear motion, is assisted by a follow-up measuring instrument following a crankshaft neck, and processes the crankshaft in a tangent point tracking grinding mode, so that the production efficiency of the crankshaft is greatly improved.
In order to solve the technical problem of efficient precision machining of the eccentric shaft in the RV reducer structure, a precision machining method of the eccentric shaft suitable for automatic production is needed to be provided according to the special design requirement of the eccentric shaft.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a precision machining method for an eccentric shaft with the characteristics of a gear shaft section, a journal section, a plurality of eccentric shaft sections and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a precision machining method of an eccentric shaft adopts an eccentric shaft grinding machine tool, an outer diameter measuring instrument, a measuring block (5) and a measuring rod (6), the eccentric shaft grinding machine tool comprises a grinding carriage, a grinding wheel, a feeding system under the grinding carriage, a headstock, a tailstock and a tailstock tip, the eccentric shaft comprises a gear shaft section, a journal section and a plurality of eccentric shaft sections, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the eccentric shaft is supported and fixed by a head and tail frame top tip according to the supporting and grinding requirements;
step 2: moving the measuring block fixed on the grinding carriage to the back side of the eccentric shaft journal section, driving the feeding system under the grinding carriage to make the front vertical surface of the measuring block contact with the eccentric shaft journal section, and recording the position X of the feeding system 1 (ii) a Then, the diameter of the eccentric shaft journal section is measured by an outer diameter measuring instrument and is recorded as D 3 ；
And step 3: moving the measuring block fixed on the grinding carriage to the rear side of the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft, driving a feeding system under the grinding carriage to enable the front vertical surface of the measuring block to be in contact with the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft, driving the eccentric shaft to rotate by utilizing a headstock C shaft, and recording the limit position X of the backward movement of the measuring block in contact with the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft 2 And corresponding extreme position X 2 Headstock C axis angle C 2 Obtaining a tooth profile surface B and a tooth profile surface C of a gear shaft section on the eccentric shaft as a reference tooth slot; and then measuring the diameter of the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft by using an outer diameter measuring instrument, and recording the diameter as D 1 (ii) a Calculating the center O 'of the first eccentric shaft segment revolving body' 1 Eccentricity e 'relative to eccentric shaft rotation center O' 1 ，
And 4, step 4: the measuring rod fixed on the grinding wheel frame is moved to the rear side of the gear shaft section of the eccentric shaft and is equal to the rotation center O of the eccentric shaft in height, and a feeding system under the grinding wheel frame is driven to move the measuring rod forwards to X 3 The position of the measuring rod enters a reference tooth groove of the gear shaft section of the eccentric shaft, the eccentric shaft is driven by the shaft C of the headstock to rotate clockwise for a certain angle, so that the ball head of the measuring rod is contacted with the tooth profile surface B of the gear shaft section of the eccentric shaft,recording head frame C axis angle C 3 (ii) a Then the headstock C shaft is driven to rotate clockwise for a certain angle, so that the ball head of the measuring rod is contacted with the tooth profile surface C of the gear shaft section of the eccentric shaft, and the rotating angle C of the headstock C shaft is recorded 4 (ii) a Obtaining an angular bisector O between the tooth profile surface B and the tooth profile surface C of the basic tooth groove through calculation 1 O 2 Position of (2), where the headstock C-axis rotational angle position is denoted as C 34 Obtaining the eccentric position direction of the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft recorded by the shaft angle of the headstock C;
and 5: calculating the eccentric error delta e of the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft relative to the revolution center O of the eccentric shaft 1 And the angle error theta 1 The calculation formula is as follows: Δ e 1 ＝e' 1 -e 1 ，θ 1 ＝C 2 -C 34 In the formula e 1 Center of rotation O of first eccentric shaft section required for design 1 Eccentricity relative to the eccentric shaft revolution center O;
step 6: mixing X obtained above 2 、Δe 1 And theta 1 Inputting a grinding program, and grinding a first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft to the shaft diameter and the eccentricity e required by design according to a tangent point tracking grinding method 1 ；
And 7: at headstock C-axis angular position C 34 On the basis of the rotation angle theta, the measuring block fixed on the grinding carriage is moved to the rear side of the second eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft, a feeding system under the grinding carriage is driven, the front vertical surface of the measuring block is in contact with the second eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft, the eccentric shaft is driven to rotate by utilizing a head frame C shaft, and the limit position X of the backward movement of the measuring block in contact with the second eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft is recorded 5 And corresponding extreme position X 5 Headstock C axis angle C 5 (ii) a And then measuring the diameter of the second eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft by using an outer diameter measuring instrument, and recording the diameter as D 2 (ii) a Calculating the center O 'of the revolving body of the second eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft' 2 Eccentricity e 'relative to eccentric shaft rotation center O' 2 ，
And calculating the deviation of the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft relative to the centre of gyration (O) of the eccentric shaftHeart error Δ e 2 And the angle error theta 2 The calculation formula is as follows: Δ e 2 ＝e' 2 -e 2 ，θ 2 ＝C 5 -C 34 -theta, wherein e 2 Centre of rotation O of the second eccentric section of the eccentric shaft for design purposes 2 Eccentricity relative to the eccentric shaft revolution center O; mixing X obtained above 5 、Δe 2 And theta 2 Inputting a grinding program, and grinding the second eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft to the shaft diameter and the eccentricity e required by the design according to a tangent point tracking grinding method 2 。
Further, the other eccentric shaft sections of the eccentric shaft except for the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft and the second eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft are processed according to the process of step 7.
Further, a step 2' is added between the step 1 and the step 2, and the step is as follows: and moving the grinding wheel on the grinding carriage to the rear side of the eccentric shaft journal section and carrying out precise grinding processing on the grinding wheel.
Further, when the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section is eccentric with respect to the design requirement eccentricity e 1 And the eccentric direction O 1 With eccentric error Δ e 1 And the angle error theta 1 Then, a tooth space bisector O between a tooth profile surface B and a tooth profile surface C of the basic tooth space according to the design requirement is adopted 1 O 2 Head carrier C axis angular position C 34 The position driving measuring block is contacted with a first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft, and the measuring block needs to reach a position X 'forwards' 2 The distance Δ is represented by the formula Δ ═ X 2 -X' 2 Calculated or derived by mapping.
Further, the process of the mapping method is as follows:
1) firstly, O and O' 1 Connecting and extending the connecting line to intersect with the contour surface of the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft, and recording the intersection point as a point E;
2) from the centre O 'of the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section' 1 Taking a ray in the backward horizontal direction to intersect with a point F on the contour surface of the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft, wherein the point F is also a quartile point on the back side of the contour surface of the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft;
3) e on the contour surface of the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaftThe rotation center O of the eccentric shaft rotates as the center, and when the front vertical surface of the measuring block contacts with the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft, the measuring block moves backwards to the limit position X 2 At the moment, the point where the first eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft is in contact with the measuring block is marked as a G point;
4) and recording the H point as the foot point of the F point in the front-back horizontal movement direction of the grinding carriage passing through the O point, wherein the distance between the G point and the H point is delta, and the magnitude of the delta is | GH |.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the automatic measurement technology to measure each eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft and then inputs the tangent point tracking grinding program, thereby improving the processing production efficiency and being beneficial to ensuring the follow-up grinding precision; meanwhile, the grinding wheel collision between the grinding wheel on the grinding carriage and the grinding wheel generated by the eccentric shaft section of the eccentric shaft workpiece is avoided by utilizing the rear limit position of the eccentric shaft section obtained by measurement, which is contacted with the front vertical surface of the measuring block.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a dual eccentric shaft workpiece of an RV reducer according to the background of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a dual eccentric shaft workpiece of the RV reducer of the background of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating part errors of a double-eccentric-shaft workpiece of the RV reducer in the background of the invention before grinding;
FIG. 4 is a state diagram of the method of the present invention as it measures the eccentric journal segment;
FIG. 5 is a state diagram illustrating the method of the present invention measuring a first eccentric section of an eccentric shaft;
FIG. 6 is a state diagram illustrating the measurement of the profile B of the reference groove of the eccentric shaft gear segment according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a state diagram illustrating the measurement of the eccentric shaft gear segment reference tooth slot profile C according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the method of the present invention for comparing several measured position states while avoiding wheel interference/collision;
figure 9 is an enlarged partial view at I of the schematic diagram of figure 8 comparing several measured positions for avoiding wheel interference/impact.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
The RV reducer eccentric shaft applicable to the method of the invention is shown in figure 1 and comprises a gear shaft section 1, a shaft neck section 2, a first eccentric shaft section 3 and a second eccentric shaft section 4; the design technical requirements are as shown in fig. 2, and after the reference conversion, the centers O of the first eccentric shaft section 3 and the second eccentric shaft section 4 are required 1 And O 2 The connecting line of (a) passes through the center O of the eccentric shaft and is symmetrical relative to a tooth space bisecting plane of the gear shaft section 1. After the eccentric shaft is machined by common machining methods such as turning, the first eccentric shaft section 3 and the second eccentric shaft section 4 have different deflection angle errors relative to the tooth socket bisecting plane and different eccentric errors relative to the eccentric shaft rotation center O, as shown in fig. 3.
Embodiment 1 a method for precisely machining an eccentric shaft, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, comprises using an eccentric shaft grinding machine comprising a wheel carrier, a grinding wheel, a feed system under the wheel carrier, a headstock, a tailstock, a headstock center, a tailstock center, an outer diameter measuring instrument, a measuring block 5, and a measuring rod 6. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the eccentric shaft is supported and fixed by a head and tail frame top tip according to the supporting and grinding requirements;
step 2: moving the measuring block 5 fixed on the grinding carriage to the rear side of the eccentric shaft journal section 2, driving a feeding system under the grinding carriage to enable the front vertical surface of the measuring block 5 to be in contact with the eccentric shaft journal section 2, and recording the position X of the feeding system 1 (ii) a The diameter of the eccentric journal section 2 is then measured by means of an external diameter measuring instrument and recorded as D 3 ；
And step 3: moving a measuring block 5 fixed on a grinding carriage to the rear side of a first eccentric shaft section 3 of an eccentric shaft, driving a feeding system under the grinding carriage to enable a front vertical surface of the measuring block 5 to be in contact with the first eccentric shaft section 3 of the eccentric shaft, driving the eccentric shaft to rotate by utilizing a head frame C shaft, and recording an extreme position X of backward movement of the measuring block 5 in contact with the first eccentric shaft section 3 of the eccentric shaft 2 And corresponding extreme position X 2 Headstock C axis angle C 2 Obtaining a tooth profile surface B and a tooth profile surface C of the gear shaft section 1 on the eccentric shaft as a reference tooth slot; then the diameter of the first eccentric shaft section 3 of the eccentric shaft is measured by an external diameter measuring instrument and is marked as D 1 (ii) a Calculating the center O 'of the rotary body of the first eccentric shaft section 3' 1 Eccentricity e 'relative to eccentric shaft rotation center O' 1 ，
And 4, step 4: the measuring rod 6 fixed on the grinding carriage is moved to the rear side of the eccentric shaft gear shaft section 1 and is equal to the eccentric shaft rotation center O in height, a feeding system under the grinding carriage is driven, and the measuring rod 6 moves forwards to move to X 3 The position of the eccentric shaft enters a reference tooth groove of the gear shaft section 1 of the eccentric shaft, the eccentric shaft is driven by the C shaft of the headstock to rotate clockwise for a certain angle, the ball head of the measuring rod 6 is contacted with the tooth profile surface B of the gear shaft section 1 of the eccentric shaft, and the corner C of the C shaft of the headstock is recorded 3 (ii) a Then the head frame C shaft is driven to rotate clockwise for a certain angle, so that the ball head of the measuring rod 6 is contacted with the tooth profile C of the eccentric shaft gear shaft section 1, and the rotating angle C of the head frame C shaft is recorded 4 (ii) a Obtaining an angular bisector O between the tooth profile surface B and the tooth profile surface C of the basic tooth groove through calculation 1 O 2 Position of (2), where the headstock C-axis rotational angle position is denoted as C 34 I.e. the direction of the eccentric position of the first eccentric shaft section 3 of the eccentric shaft required by the design is the rotation angle position recorded by the rotation angle of the shaft C of the headstock;
and 5: calculating the eccentric error delta e of the first eccentric shaft section 3 of the eccentric shaft relative to the centre of gyration O of the eccentric shaft 1 And the angle error theta 1 The calculation formula is as follows: Δ e 1 ＝e' 1 -e 1 ，θ 1 ＝C 2 -C 34 In the formula e 1 Center of rotation O of first eccentric shaft section 3 for design 1 Eccentricity relative to the eccentric shaft revolution center O;
step 6: mixing X obtained above 2 、Δe 1 And theta 1 Inputting a grinding program, and grinding the first eccentric shaft section 3 of the eccentric shaft according to a tangent point tracking grinding method to meet the design requirementAxial diameter and eccentricity e 1 ；
And 7: at headstock C-axis angular position C 34 On the basis, the rotation angle theta is 180 degrees, the measuring block 5 fixed on the grinding wheel frame is moved to the rear side of the second eccentric shaft section 4 of the eccentric shaft, a feeding system under the grinding wheel frame is driven, the front vertical surface of the measuring block 5 is in contact with the second eccentric shaft section 4 of the eccentric shaft, the eccentric shaft is driven to rotate by utilizing a head frame C shaft, and the limit position X of the backward movement of the contact of the measuring block 5 and the second eccentric shaft section 4 of the eccentric shaft is recorded 5 And corresponding extreme position X 5 Headstock C axis angle C 5 (ii) a The diameter of the second eccentric shaft section 4 of the eccentric shaft is then measured by means of an external diameter measuring device and is recorded as D 2 (ii) a Calculating the center O 'of the eccentric shaft second eccentric shaft section 4 revolving body' 2 Eccentricity e 'relative to eccentric shaft rotation center O' 2 ，
And calculates the eccentric error delta e of the second eccentric shaft section 4 of the eccentric shaft relative to the gyration center O of the eccentric shaft 2 And the angle error theta 2 The calculation formula is as follows: Δ e 2 ＝e' 2 -e 2 ，θ 2 ＝C 5 -C 34 - θ, wherein e 2 The centre of rotation O of the second eccentric shaft section 4 of the eccentric shaft is required for the design 2 Eccentricity with respect to the eccentric shaft rotation center O; mixing X obtained above 5 、Δe 2 And theta 2 Inputting a grinding program, and grinding the second eccentric shaft section 4 of the eccentric shaft according to a tangent point tracking grinding method to the shaft diameter and the eccentricity e required by the design 2 。
Embodiment 2 a precision machining method of an eccentric shaft, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, on the basis of embodiment 1, a step, named step 2', is added between step 1 and step 2, and the step is taken as:
step 2', the grinding wheel on the grinding carriage is moved to the rear side of the eccentric shaft journal section 2 and is precisely ground, and the shaft diameter D of the eccentric shaft journal section 2 is increased 3 The measurement precision of (2) is convenient for inputting error data of a grinding program to be more accurate.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, when the eccentric shaft is first biasedEccentricity e of the mandrel segments 3 with respect to the design requirements 1 And the eccentric direction O 1 With eccentric error Δ e 1 And the angle error theta 1 Then, a tooth space bisector O between a tooth profile surface B and a tooth profile surface C of the basic tooth space according to the design requirement is adopted 1 O 2 Head carrier C axis angular position C 34 The front vertical surface of the position driving measuring block 5 is contacted with the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section 3, and the measuring block 5 still needs to reach the position X 'forwards' 2 The distance Δ may be represented by the formula Δ ═ X 2 -X' 2 Calculated, or obtained by drawing.
The process of the mapping method is as follows:
1) firstly, O and O' 1 Connecting and extending the connecting line to intersect the contour surface of the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section 3, and recording the intersection point as a point E;
2) from the center O 'of the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft segment 3' 1 Taking a ray in the backward horizontal direction to intersect with a point F on the contour surface of the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section 3, wherein the point F is also a quartile point on the back side of the contour surface of the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section 3;
3) rotating the contour surface E of the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section 3 by taking the eccentric shaft revolution center O as the center, and moving backwards when the front vertical surface of the measuring block 5 is in contact with the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section 3 to form the extreme position X 2 At this time, the point where the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section 3 contacts with the front vertical surface of the measuring block 5 is marked as a point G;
4) and recording the H point as the foot point of the F point in the front-back horizontal movement direction of the grinding carriage passing through the O point, wherein the distance between the G point and the H point is delta, and the magnitude of the delta is | GH |.
Input X in step 6 grinding program 2 Due to X 2 The grinding wheel on the grinding carriage is in a position which is more back in the horizontal direction, and the input of X 'can be avoided' 2 And the collision accident with the rotation of the eccentric shaft workpiece is caused by the continuous forward movement distance delta of the grinding wheel.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All structural equivalents made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The precision machining method of the eccentric shaft adopts an eccentric shaft grinding machine tool, an outer diameter measuring instrument, a measuring block (5) and a measuring rod (6), wherein the eccentric shaft grinding machine tool comprises a grinding carriage, a grinding wheel, a feeding system under the grinding carriage, a headstock, a tailstock and a tailstock tip, and the eccentric shaft comprises a gear shaft section, a journal section and a plurality of eccentric shaft sections, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the eccentric shaft is supported and fixed by a head and tail frame top tip according to the supporting and grinding requirements;
and 2, step: the grinding carriage is moved left and right, so that a measuring block (5) arranged on the grinding carriage is moved to the rear side of the eccentric shaft journal section (2); driving the feeding system under the grinding carriage to move forward to make the front vertical surface of the measuring block (5) on the grinding carriage contact with the rear side of the eccentric shaft journal section (2), and recording the position X of the feeding system of the grinding carriage 1 (ii) a Simultaneously, the diameter of the eccentric shaft journal section (2) is measured by an outer diameter measuring instrument and is recorded as D 3 ；
And step 3: the grinding carriage is moved left and right, and a measuring block (5) arranged on the grinding carriage is moved to the rear side of a first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft; a feeding system under the grinding carriage is driven to move forwards to enable the front vertical surface of a measuring block (5) on the grinding carriage to be in contact with the rear side of a first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft, the eccentric shaft is driven to rotate by utilizing a head frame C shaft, and the limit position X of the backward movement of the contact of the front vertical surface of the measuring block (5) and the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft is recorded 2 Angle of rotation C with head frame C axis 2 Obtaining a tooth profile surface B and a tooth profile surface C of the eccentric shaft gear shaft section (1) as a basic tooth slot; then, the diameter of the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft is measured by an outer diameter measuring instrument and is recorded as D 1 (ii) a Calculating the center O 'of the rotational body of the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section (3)' 1 Eccentricity e 'relative to eccentric shaft rotation center O' 1 Is of the formula
And 4, step 4: moving the grinding carriage left and right to move a measuring rod (6) arranged on the grinding carriageTo the rear side of the eccentric shaft gear shaft section (1) and is as high as the eccentric shaft rotation center O; then drives the feeding system under the grinding carriage to move forward to move the measuring rod (6) arranged on the grinding carriage to X 3 The position of the eccentric shaft enters a reference tooth groove of the eccentric shaft gear shaft section (1), the eccentric shaft is driven to rotate clockwise by a certain angle by utilizing the rotation of the headstock C shaft, the ball head of the measuring rod (6) arranged on the grinding carriage is contacted with the tooth profile surface B of the eccentric shaft gear shaft section (1), and the rotating angle C of the headstock C shaft at the moment is recorded 3 (ii) a Then the headstock C shaft is driven to rotate anticlockwise for a certain angle, so that the ball head of the measuring rod (6) arranged on the grinding carriage is contacted with the tooth profile C of the gear shaft section (1) of the eccentric shaft, and the corner C of the headstock C shaft is recorded 4 (ii) a Obtaining an angular bisector O between the reference tooth space profile surface B and the tooth profile surface C through calculation 1 O 2 The angular position of the head frame C-axis rotation at this time is recorded as C 34 Obtaining the eccentric position direction of the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft recorded by the shaft angle of the headstock C;
and 5: calculating the eccentric error delta e of the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft relative to the centre of gyration O of the eccentric shaft 1 And angle error theta 1 ，Δe 1 ＝e' 1 -e 1 ，θ 1 ＝C 2 -C 34 In the formula e 1 The design requirement of the centre of rotation O of the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft 1 Eccentricity relative to the eccentric shaft revolution center O;
and 6: mixing X obtained above 2 、Δe 1 And theta 1 Inputting a numerical value into a grinding program, and grinding a first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft according to a tangent point tracking grinding method to a shaft diameter and an eccentricity e required by design 1 ；
And 7: at headstock C-axis angular position C 34 On the basis of the rotation angle theta, the measuring block (5) fixed on the grinding carriage is moved to the rear side of the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft to drive a feeding system under the grinding carriage, so that the front vertical surface of the measuring block (5) is in contact with the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft, the eccentric shaft is driven to rotate by utilizing the head carriage C shaft, and the limit position X of backward movement of the measuring block (5) in contact with the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft is recorded 5 And corresponding extreme position X 5 Headstock C axis angle C 5 (ii) a Then, the diameter of the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft is measured by an outer diameter measuring instrument and is recorded as D 2 (ii) a Calculating the center O 'of the revolving body of the eccentric shaft second eccentric shaft section (4)' 2 Eccentricity e 'relative to eccentric shaft rotation center O' 2 ，
And calculating the eccentric error delta e of the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft relative to the centre of gyration O of the eccentric shaft 2 And angle error theta 2 The calculation formula is as follows: Δ e 2 ＝e' 2 -e 2 ，θ 2 ＝C 5 -C 34 -theta, wherein e 2 The design requirement of the centre of rotation O of the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft 2 Eccentricity relative to the eccentric shaft revolution center O; subjecting the thus obtained X to 5 、Δe 2 And theta 2 Inputting a grinding program, and grinding the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft according to a tangent point tracking grinding method to the shaft diameter and the eccentricity e required by the design 2 。
2. The precision machining method of an eccentric shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) processing other eccentric shaft sections of the eccentric shaft except for the first eccentric shaft section (3) and the second eccentric shaft section (4) of the eccentric shaft according to the process in the step (7).
3. The precision machining method of an eccentric shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: adding a step 2' between the step 1 and the step 2, wherein the step comprises the following steps: and moving the grinding wheel on the grinding wheel frame to the rear side of the eccentric shaft journal section (2) and carrying out precise grinding processing on the grinding wheel.
4. The precision machining method of an eccentric shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section (3) is eccentric with respect to the design requirement 1 And the eccentric direction O 1 With eccentric error Δ e 1 And the angle error theta 1 In the design, the tooth space between the tooth profile surface B and the tooth profile surface C of the basic tooth space is divided into two partsLine O 1 O 2 Head carrier C axis angular position C 34 The front vertical surface of the position driving measuring block (5) is contacted with the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section (3), and the measuring block (5) needs to reach the position X 'forwards' 2 The distance Δ is represented by the formula Δ ═ X 2 -X' 2 Calculated or derived by mapping.
5. The precision machining method of an eccentric shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: the process of the mapping method is as follows:
1) firstly, O and O' 1 Connecting and extending the connecting line to intersect the contour surface of the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft, and recording the intersection point as a point E;
2) from the centre O 'of the eccentric shaft first eccentric shaft section (3)' 1 Taking a ray in the backward horizontal direction to intersect with a point F on the contour surface of the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft, wherein the point F is also a quartile point on the back side of the contour surface of the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft;
3) rotating the contour surface E of the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft by taking the revolution center O of the eccentric shaft as the center, and moving backwards when the front vertical surface of the measuring block (5) is contacted with the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft at the limit position X 2 At the moment, the contact point between the first eccentric shaft section (3) of the eccentric shaft and the front vertical surface of the measuring block (5) is marked as a G point;
4) and recording the H point as the foot point of the F point in the front-back horizontal movement direction of the grinding carriage passing through the O point, wherein the distance between the G point and the H point is delta, and the magnitude of the delta is | GH |.
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| JPH04128621A (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-04-30 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Measuring and judging method of crankshaft rotation for respective torque phase |
| CN102198634A (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2011-09-28 | 上海大学 | Measuring method and device for in process measurement on crank shaft contour |
| CN107030495A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-11 | 烟台艾迪精密机械股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method of pair of eccentric fixture and double-eccentric shaft |
| CN109079260A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-25 | 南京工大数控科技有限公司 | A kind of roller gear eccentric location device and numerical control chamfering algorithm |
| CN109931888A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-25 | 吉林大学 | A kind of method of non-contact laser Precision measurement cylindrical gear profile radial disbalance |
| CN211085003U (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-07-24 | 中能（天津）智能传动设备有限公司 | Device for detecting angle consistency of eccentric circumferential position of crankshaft by using yaw meter |
-
2022
- 2022-02-25 CN CN202210180264.4A patent/CN114800084B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04128621A (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-04-30 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Measuring and judging method of crankshaft rotation for respective torque phase |
| CN102198634A (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2011-09-28 | 上海大学 | Measuring method and device for in process measurement on crank shaft contour |
| CN107030495A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-11 | 烟台艾迪精密机械股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method of pair of eccentric fixture and double-eccentric shaft |
| CN109079260A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-25 | 南京工大数控科技有限公司 | A kind of roller gear eccentric location device and numerical control chamfering algorithm |
| CN109931888A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-25 | 吉林大学 | A kind of method of non-contact laser Precision measurement cylindrical gear profile radial disbalance |
| CN211085003U (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-07-24 | 中能（天津）智能传动设备有限公司 | Device for detecting angle consistency of eccentric circumferential position of crankshaft by using yaw meter |
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