CN114799774A - Manufacturing process of surfacing alloy bearing ring piece - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of surfacing alloy bearing ring piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN114799774A CN114799774A CN202210674229.8A CN202210674229A CN114799774A CN 114799774 A CN114799774 A CN 114799774A CN 202210674229 A CN202210674229 A CN 202210674229A CN 114799774 A CN114799774 A CN 114799774A
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- bearing ring
- surfacing
- ring piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/003—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass bearings
Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing process of a surfacing alloy bearing ring piece, which comprises the steps of surfacing an alloy layer on the outer wall of a base body, carrying out heat treatment and cooling, turning off the base body and the machining allowance of the outer side wall of the alloy layer to obtain a semi-finished bearing ring piece, and finally carrying out finish machining according to the shape and the size of the required bearing ring piece to obtain the finished bearing ring piece. The invention provides a manufacturing process of a surfacing alloy bearing ring piece, which is used for surfacing alloy on a substrate to manufacture an integral alloy bearing, can reduce the using amount of the alloy and reduce the cost, and simultaneously ensures the performance of the bearing ring piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearings, in particular to a manufacturing process of a surfacing alloy bearing ring piece.
Background
The bearing is a part for assisting the rotation of an object, has the function of reducing friction to assist the rotation, and also has the function of rotatably supporting. The bearing can reduce friction, make the rotation more steady, reduce the energy consumption, can bear very big power, and the bearing can prevent to rotate the support portion and damage because of this kind of power.
At present, the bearing is applied to each field of each industry, can relate to the installation environment of some special operating mode moreover, has higher requirement to the alloy material and the wear-resisting performance of hardness etc. of bearing, and its alloy material price is corresponding also can be more expensive, if adopt conventional whole casting or make with the bar stock, the bearing material quantity is too big, and the machining allowance is too much, can waste too much alloy material, leads to manufacturing cost too high. Therefore, in order to be suitable for such alloy materials with high hardness and high price, a manufacturing method which can reduce the manufacturing cost of parts and ensure the mechanical properties of the parts needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a manufacturing process of a surfacing alloy bearing ring piece, which solves the problems of large alloy consumption and high cost when a bearing is integrally cast or manufactured by using a bar stock.
Second, technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the manufacturing process of the surfacing alloy bearing ring piece is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the alloy layer is overlaid on the outer wall of the base body, after heat treatment and cooling, machining allowance is removed from the outer side wall of the base body and the outer side wall of the alloy layer, a semi-finished bearing ring is obtained, and finally finish machining is carried out according to the shape and the size of the required bearing ring, so that the finished bearing ring is obtained.
Optionally, the manufacturing process of the surfacing alloy bearing ring specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a base body, predetermining the outer diameter size and the length of the base body according to the inner diameter size of the bearing ring piece, the thickness of the bearing and the machining allowance, and determining the size of a surfacing area to be subjected to surfacing welding on the outer wall of the base body;
b. surfacing alloy, namely surfacing a circle of alloy layer in the surfacing area on the outer wall of the matrix to obtain a blank;
c. heat treatment, namely, after heat preservation and slow cooling are carried out on the blank piece after surfacing, the blank piece is heated to a treatment temperature range required by stress relief, then heat preservation is carried out, and then the blank piece is cooled to normal temperature along with a furnace;
d. rough machining, namely removing machining allowance of the outer side wall of the alloy layer in the blank after heat treatment and the matrix inside the blank by turning to obtain a semi-finished bearing ring;
e. and (4) finishing, namely performing accurate turning according to the shape and the size of the required bearing ring piece to obtain the finished bearing ring piece.
Optionally, the alloy layer includes at least two alloy monolayers, and during surfacing, after surfacing of the inner alloy monolayer is completed, the next layer is circularly surfaced to the last layer in sequence.
Optionally, when the alloy layer is surfacing-welded, a cladding layer is formed between the alloy layer and the substrate, and during rough machining, the cladding layer is continuously lathed away after the substrate is lathed away.
Optionally, after finishing, the inner surface of the finished bearing ring is ground by grinding, so as to improve the smoothness.
Optionally, the surfacing method of the surfacing alloy adopts manual argon arc surfacing or plasma surfacing.
Optionally, the outer diameter of the base is smaller than the inner diameter of the required bearing ring, and the difference between the inner diameter of the required bearing ring and the outer diameter of the base is greater than or equal to 2 mm; the length of the base body is larger than that of the required bearing ring piece, and the difference between the length of the required bearing ring piece and the length of the base body is larger than or equal to 4 mm.
Optionally, the alloy layer is made of stellite alloy, and the substrate is of a cylindrical structure made of stainless steel.
Optionally, the step c of heat treatment specifically comprises: and (3) slowly cooling the surfacing blank to 120 ℃ at the temperature of 100-.
Optionally, the alloy layer includes at least two alloy monolayers, and during alloy surfacing, after the inner alloy monolayer is surfaced, the inner alloy monolayer is naturally cooled to 280-320 ℃, and then the next alloy monolayer is surfaced, so that surfacing is circularly performed until the last alloy monolayer.
Third, beneficial effect
The invention provides a manufacturing process of a surfacing alloy bearing ring piece, which is used for manufacturing an integral alloy bearing by surfacing alloy on a substrate, can reduce the use amount of the alloy and reduce the cost, and simultaneously ensures the performance of the bearing ring piece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified process flow diagram of an example of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of a blank member in an example of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a finished bearing ring construction in an example of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a temperature profile of heat treatment in an example of the present application.
In the figure: 1-a substrate; a 2-alloy layer; and 3, cladding.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Description of the names:
the matrix is in the metallic material and refers to the primary phase or primary aggregate, i.e., the primary component of the complex phase alloy. In the build-up process, the base object used to deposit the alloy layer is referred to as the substrate.
Argon arc welding is a welding technique using argon as a shielding gas. Also known as argon gas shielded welding. Argon shield gas is introduced around the arc welding to isolate air from the welding area and prevent the oxidation of the welding area.
Plasma surfacing (PTA for short) is a heat treatment process for applying a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer on the surface of a metal material. The high energy plasma arc melts the substrate surface. At the same time, the powdered filler material is inserted into the arc and melted. During the curing process, a substance-to-substance bond is formed between the filler material and the substrate.
Stellite is a hard metal that is resistant to various types of wear and corrosion and high temperature oxidation. The composite material can be used for some special working conditions, and has the effects of high temperature resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
When the sliding bearing applied to the valve is used in hydrogen peroxide, the sliding bearing manufactured by a conventional metal substrate nitriding hardening method can catalyze decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, a large amount of oxygen is formed in a pressure pipeline, the concentration of a medium can be influenced, the pipeline explosion can be seriously caused, and the like, so that the sliding bearing can be manufactured by stellite when the sliding bearing is selected, but the stellite is expensive, the stellite is manufactured by conventional integral casting or bar stock, the dosage of the stellite is too large, the machining allowance is large, and the manufacturing cost is high.
The sliding bearing is thus described in detail using a stellite material as an example. The embodiment provides a manufacturing process of a bead welding alloy bearing ring piece, and please refer to fig. 1:
1. preparing the substrate
1.1, selecting materials, wherein the substrate is made of common stainless steel materials with low price, and the alloy is made of stellite alloy materials.
1.2 according to the required inner diameter size of the bearing, the thickness of a cladding layer needing to be turned off and machining allowance, manufacturing a cylindrical substrate with a proper size. The outer diameter of the stainless steel base body cylinder cannot be too small compared with the inner diameter of a required bearing, if the outer diameter of the cylindrical base body is too small, the amount of surfacing welding is too large, raw materials are wasted, the surfacing efficiency is reduced, and if the outer diameter is too large, a transition layer formed between stellite and the base body during surfacing welding can be remained on the bearing after finish machining, so that the mechanical performance of the bearing is influenced. Therefore, in order to make the whole material of the bearing be uniform stellite after processing, and simultaneously, in order to save raw materials and improve the surfacing efficiency, the following modes are selected:
1.2.1 the method for determining the outer diameter of the stainless steel basal body cylinder comprises the following steps: d-2mm, wherein D is the outer diameter of the base body cylinder, and D is the final required inner diameter of the bearing.
1.2.2 method for determining length of base cylinder is: l is L +4mm, wherein L is the length of the base cylinder, and L is the length of the bearing.
And 1.2.3, determining the range of a surfacing area on the outer wall of the cylinder of the matrix according to the size of the required bearing ring piece.
1.2.4 according to the shape of the inner wall of the bearing, for example, the inner wall of the bearing is in a step shape, a cavity with a corresponding shape can be formed in the surfacing area, the machining allowance of the inner layer of the alloy layer can be reduced, and the alloy consumption is further reduced.
2. Surfacing alloy
2.1 selecting a surfacing method according to requirements:
2.1.1 when the required bearing ring part amount is small and the delivery period is short, argon arc welding can be adopted, Stellite metal wires with the diameter of phi 3.2-phi 4.0 are used, the current is 110-120A, and the welding speed is 4-5.3 cm/min. When the required bearing ring is large, the PTA can be adopted to improve the efficiency and save the labor cost, the current is 100-126A, the welding speed is 212-268rad/min, the swing is 8-10mm, the ion gas is 0.8-1.2L/min, the shielding gas is 6-8L/min, and the powder conveying gas is 2-2.2L/min.
The 2.2 alloy layers are 2-3 layers, and the next layer is welded when the natural cooling temperature of each layer is up to 280-320 ℃ to obtain a blank piece, which is shown in the attached figure 2.
3. Thermal treatment
The stellite alloy is a cobalt-based alloy, the cobalt-based alloy can diffuse and dilute elements with a matrix in the process of cladding with stainless steel to form a cladding layer with unstable performance, in order to reduce the influence of the cladding layer, referring to figure 4, a blank is immediately placed into heat-insulating cotton for heat preservation and slow cooling to 120 ℃, and then is placed into a heating furnace, the temperature of the blank and the temperature of the heating furnace are not less than 100 ℃, the blank is heated to 600-phase temperature and 700 ℃ at a heating rate of not more than 15 ℃/min for heat preservation for 4 hours, and the blank is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation. The performance of the integral alloy layer is improved, and the internal thermal stress of the alloy layer is eliminated, so that the alloy layer is thicker and is easy to crack.
4. Roughing
And removing machining allowance of the outer side wall of the alloy layer in the blank after heat treatment and the internal matrix by turning, and continuously removing the cladding layer formed between the matrix and the alloy layer by turning after removing the matrix part by turning to obtain the semi-finished bearing ring.
5. Finish machining
The method includes the steps that accurate turning is carried out according to the shape and the size of a required bearing ring piece to achieve the accurate size of the required bearing ring piece, however, the inner surface of the bearing ring piece is rough, and large friction resistance is generated in use, so that not only is the configuration of an actuating mechanism for providing switching power improved, and the cost increased, but also the degree of friction and abrasion between a bearing and a valve rod is remarkably improved, the service life of a valve is shortened, and in order to reduce the inner diameter roughness of the contact between the bearing and the valve rod and improve the service performance of the bearing, the inner surface of the bearing ring piece is further ground, the roughness is reduced, and a finished bearing ring piece is obtained, and the method is shown in figure 3.
The grinding method adopts a common lathe for grinding, the outer wall of the bearing ring is fixed by the lathe fan-shaped claw, the motor is fixed on the lathe tool rest, the inner surface of the bearing is ground by fixing the spline wheel on the motor output shaft, the rotating speed of the motor is 2000 plus 2500r/min, the axial moving speed is 0.1-0.2mm/s, and the grinding method set by the parameters can reduce the roughness of the inner diameter of the bearing to the maximum degree and improve the grinding efficiency at the same time.
In general, the embodiment provides a manufacturing process of a bead welding alloy bearing ring, which uses general stainless steel as a substrate and can reduce the usage amount of stellite alloy. Different surfacing methods can be adopted according to actual requirements during surfacing on the substrate, when the number of the required bearing ring pieces is small and the manufacturing period is short, manual argon arc welding surfacing can be adopted, the process is simple, and the processing speed is improved. When the required number of the bearing ring pieces is large, plasma surfacing can be adopted, and labor is saved, so that the manufacturing method of the bearing ring pieces is flexible. After overlaying, the bearing ring piece is placed in heat-insulating cotton for cooling, so that the defects of cracks and the like generated inside the high-temperature overlaying part due to too fast cooling can be prevented. When the cobalt-base alloy is cooled to a certain temperature, the cobalt-base alloy is placed into a heating furnace to be heated for heat treatment, and the diffusion and dilution of elements of the cobalt-base alloy and a machine body in the cladding process can be relieved through the heat treatment for sufficient time, so that the diffusion of the elements is stable, the diffusion gradient is reduced, the mechanical property is improved, and if the cobalt-base alloy is not subjected to scientific and reasonable heat treatment, a bearing which is simply manufactured by adopting a surfacing method is easy to crack due to the fact that a surfacing layer is thick, and the performance of the bearing is influenced. After heat treatment, the internal stainless steel and the external redundant stellite alloy layer are turned off to manufacture the required integral stellite alloy bearing ring piece. The finish-machined bearing ring piece has the advantages that the surface roughness of the contact surface of the bearing ring piece with the valve rod is high, the contact surface roughness is about Ra1.6, the contact surface roughness is serious when the roughness is high, and the valve can be worn seriously with the valve rod and can be out of work in an accelerating way in the long-term working process.
The bearing ring piece prepared on the basis of the above example can be directly used as an integral sliding bearing, and can be further processed and manufactured into a split sliding bearing or a self-aligning bearing.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A manufacturing process of a surfacing alloy bearing ring piece is characterized by comprising the following steps: the alloy layer is overlaid on the outer wall of the base body, after heat treatment and cooling, machining allowance is removed from the outer side wall of the base body and the outer side wall of the alloy layer, a semi-finished bearing ring is obtained, and finally finish machining is carried out according to the shape and the size of the required bearing ring, so that the finished bearing ring is obtained.
2. The manufacturing process of the bead weld alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. preparing a base body, predetermining the outer diameter size and the length of the base body according to the inner diameter size of the bearing ring piece, the thickness of the bearing and the machining allowance, and determining the size of a surfacing area to be subjected to surfacing welding on the outer wall of the base body;
b. surfacing, namely surfacing a circle of alloy layer in the surfacing area on the outer wall of the matrix to obtain a blank;
c. performing heat treatment, namely heating the blank after surfacing to a treatment temperature range required by stress relief after heat preservation and slow cooling of the blank, then preserving heat, and cooling the blank to normal temperature along with a furnace;
d. rough machining, namely removing machining allowance of the outer side wall of the alloy layer in the blank after heat treatment and the matrix inside the blank by turning to obtain a semi-finished bearing ring;
e. and (4) finishing, namely performing accurate turning according to the shape and the size of the required bearing ring piece to obtain the finished bearing ring piece.
3. The manufacturing process of the bead weld alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 2, characterized in that: the alloy layer comprises at least two alloy monolayers, and during surfacing, after surfacing of the inner alloy monolayer is completed, the next layer is subjected to surfacing in sequence and circularly until the last layer is obtained.
4. The manufacturing process of the bead weld alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the alloy layer is overlaid, a cladding layer is formed between the alloy layer and the substrate, and after the substrate is removed by turning during rough machining, the cladding layer is continuously removed by turning.
5. The manufacturing process of the bead weld alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 2, characterized in that: and after finishing, grinding the inner surface of the finished bearing ring piece to improve the smoothness.
6. The manufacturing process of the bead weld alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 2, characterized in that: the surfacing method of the surfacing alloy adopts manual argon arc surfacing or plasma surfacing.
7. The manufacturing process of the bead welding alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the substrate is smaller than the inner diameter of the required bearing ring, and the difference between the inner diameter of the required bearing ring and the outer diameter of the substrate is larger than or equal to 2 mm; the length of the base body is larger than that of the required bearing ring piece, and the difference between the length of the required bearing ring piece and the length of the base body is larger than or equal to 4 mm.
8. The manufacturing process of the bead weld alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 3, characterized in that: the alloy layer is made of stellite alloy, and the substrate is of a cylindrical structure made of stainless steel.
9. The manufacturing process of the bead weld alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 8, characterized in that: the step c of heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) slowly cooling the surfacing blank to 120 ℃ at the temperature of 100-.
10. The manufacturing process of the bead weld alloy bearing ring piece according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: the alloy layer comprises at least two alloy monolayers, and when the alloy is surfacing-welded, the inner alloy monolayer is naturally cooled to the temperature of 280-320 ℃ after surfacing welding is completed, and then the next alloy monolayer is surfacing-welded, so that surfacing welding is circulated until the last alloy monolayer.
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| CN202210674229.8A CN114799774A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Manufacturing process of surfacing alloy bearing ring piece |
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| CN202210674229.8A CN114799774A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Manufacturing process of surfacing alloy bearing ring piece |
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| JPH07251250A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-10-03 | Kubota Corp | Roll for continuous casting and manufacture thereof |
| CN101699086A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2010-04-28 | 浙江中达轴承有限公司 | Bimetal sliding bearing and preparation method thereof |
| CN102091719A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-06-15 | 宝钢集团常州轧辊制造公司 | Limiting mandrel for mandrel pipe mill and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN204986106U (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2016-01-20 | 郑州万达重工股份有限公司 | Two metal flange of inner surface -welding |
| CN105344952A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-02-24 | 中钢集团西安重机有限公司 | Surfacing roller of continuous casting machine and technique for guaranteeing components of surfacing layer of roller |
| CN110449848A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-15 | 沈阳三科核电设备制造股份有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of built-up welding Si Taili hard alloy thin-walled set |
| CN114160941A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-11 | 沈阳鼓风机集团核电泵业有限公司 | Method for plasma surfacing of cobalt-based alloy in cylindrical inner hole |
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2022
- 2022-06-14 CN CN202210674229.8A patent/CN114799774A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07251250A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-10-03 | Kubota Corp | Roll for continuous casting and manufacture thereof |
| CN101699086A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2010-04-28 | 浙江中达轴承有限公司 | Bimetal sliding bearing and preparation method thereof |
| CN102091719A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-06-15 | 宝钢集团常州轧辊制造公司 | Limiting mandrel for mandrel pipe mill and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN204986106U (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2016-01-20 | 郑州万达重工股份有限公司 | Two metal flange of inner surface -welding |
| CN105344952A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-02-24 | 中钢集团西安重机有限公司 | Surfacing roller of continuous casting machine and technique for guaranteeing components of surfacing layer of roller |
| CN110449848A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-15 | 沈阳三科核电设备制造股份有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of built-up welding Si Taili hard alloy thin-walled set |
| CN114160941A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-11 | 沈阳鼓风机集团核电泵业有限公司 | Method for plasma surfacing of cobalt-based alloy in cylindrical inner hole |
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