CN114799619B - Preparation method of stainless steel layered composite material and stainless steel layered composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of stainless steel layered composite material and stainless steel layered composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLYBTZIQSIBWLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(C)=O YLYBTZIQSIBWLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002683 Glycosaminoglycan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/004—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of a metal of the iron group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the field of metal material processing, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a stainless steel layered composite material and the stainless steel layered composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding SiC particles and a binder into CuSiAlTi solder powder, stirring, flattening, drying, rolling into a sheet with the thickness of 50-100 mu m, heating, preserving heat, shaping, and cooling to obtain a solder sheet; cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material, and polishing after blow-drying to obtain the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material after surface treatment; and stacking the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material after surface treatment, carrying out heat preservation brazing at 1050-1100 ℃, and cooling to obtain the stainless steel layered composite material. The preparation method improves the production efficiency of the stainless steel layered composite material, and can be used for mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a preparation method of a stainless steel layered composite material and the stainless steel layered composite material.
Background
Different metal materials with different physical properties and chemical properties are compounded into a layered composite material, so that the respective performance characteristics of each material layer can be maintained, and new performances can be obtained through a composite effect, thereby meeting the requirements of different applications.
Currently, the manufacturing methods of metal composite materials in the related art mainly include explosive cladding and hot rolling cladding. The explosion compounding is to use high energy and high pressure generated by explosion to achieve the aim of compounding, and only single production is needed, so that mass production is difficult. The hot rolling method is to process the surfaces of the base material and the composite material, then to stack the two materials together, to weld the circumference, to vacuumize, to seal the interface between the two layers to prevent the surface from oxidizing, then to send the materials into a heating furnace to heat, to heat the materials to a certain temperature, to combine the two metals together to form the hot rolled composite board. However, the hot rolling method is complicated in processing process, long in process, and difficult to mass-produce.
Based on the current production situation of the metal composite material, the research on the preparation method of the stainless steel layered composite material capable of realizing mass production has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the production efficiency of the stainless steel layered composite material, the production of the stainless steel layered composite material can be carried out in batch, and the preparation method of the stainless steel layered composite material and the stainless steel layered composite material are provided.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a stainless steel layered composite material comprises the following steps:
preparing brazing filler metal;
adding SiC particles and a binder into CuSiAlTi solder powder, mixing and stirring, flattening, drying, rolling into a sheet with the thickness of 50-100 mu m, heating, preserving heat and shaping, and cooling to obtain a solder sheet;
(II) surface treatment;
cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material, and polishing after blow-drying to obtain the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material after surface treatment;
(III) vacuum brazing;
and stacking the surface-treated stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material, sequentially arranging the composite material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the stainless steel base material from top to bottom, carrying out heat preservation brazing at 1050-1100 ℃, and cooling to obtain the stainless steel layered composite material.
By adopting the technical scheme, the brazing technology of the metal parts is applied to the combination of the stainless steel base material and the composite material, compared with an explosion method and a hot rolling method in the related art, the process is simpler, the working procedure is shorter, the large-scale industrial production can be realized, and the production efficiency of the stainless steel layered composite material is greatly improved.
In addition, when the brazing filler metal is prepared, cuSiAlTi brazing filler metal powder is selected as a base material, siC particles with good high-temperature strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance are added as a reinforcing material, and the mechanical property of the stainless steel layered composite material is further improved. In addition, during preparing the brazing filler metal, the brazing filler metal sheets can be prepared in a concentrated mode in batches, and the prepared brazing filler metal sheets can be cut into brazing filler metal sheets with different sizes according to actual needs so as to be suitable for layered composite materials with different width specifications, and the brazing filler metal sheet is convenient to use.
In the implementation of the technical scheme of the application, the inventor also finds that: when the thickness of the brazing filler metal sheet is smaller than 50 mu m, the stainless steel base material and the composite material cannot be effectively compounded, and the composite strength is low; when the thickness of the brazing sheet is larger than 100 mu m, the composite strength between the stainless steel base material and the composite material is not obvious any more along with the increase of the thickness of the brazing sheet.
At 1050-1100 ℃, cuSiAlTi and SiC have better wetting performance, and at the temperature, the CuSiAlTi and the SiC have better wetting effect on stainless steel base materials and composite materials, thereby improving the composite strength of the layered composite material.
Preferably, in the step (one), the weight ratio of the CuSiAlTi solder powder to the SiC particles is (80-95): 5-20.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the CuSiAlTi brazing filler metal powder and the SiC particles are compounded within the range, the brazing effect of the brazing filler metal sheet can be obviously improved, and the composite strength between the stainless steel base material and the composite material is improved.
Preferably, in the step (one), the addition amount of the binder accounts for 5-10% of the total weight of the CuSiAlTi solder powder and the SiC particles.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the quantity of gluing agent is above-mentioned within a range, can improve the compound fastness between CuSiAlTi solder powder and the SiC granule, and can not exert an influence to the wetting effect of brazing filler metal piece.
Preferably, in the step (one), the CuSiAlTi solder powder comprises 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 1-4% of Ti and the balance of Cu in percentage by weight.
By adopting the technical scheme, the content of Ti in the CuSiAlTi can influence the wetting effect between the CuSiAlTi and SiC and between the brazing filler metal sheet and the stainless steel base material and between the brazing filler metal sheet and the stainless steel composite material, and when the content of Ti is 1-4%, the wetting effect is better.
Preferably, in the step (one), the CuSiAlTi solder powder comprises 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 3-4% of Ti and the balance of Cu in percentage by weight.
By adopting the technical scheme, the wetting effect between CuSiAlTi and SiC and between the brazing filler metal sheet and the stainless steel base material and between the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material is further improved by optimizing the content of Ti in CuSiAlTi.
Preferably, in the step (two), the specific steps of cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material are as follows: cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material by using a cleaning agent A, and then cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material by using a cleaning agent B;
the cleaning liquid A is prepared by mixing 20-50 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 10-20 parts by weight of citric acid, 15-30 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts by weight of pullulan, 40-60 parts by weight of ethanol and 200-300 parts by weight of water;
the cleaning agent B is hot water with the temperature of 60-80 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the components of the cleaning liquid A do not contain strong corrosive acid such as nitric acid, so that corrosion on the surfaces of the base material and the composite material can be reduced, and the pullulan is used as nonionic water-soluble mucopolysaccharide, so that residues on the surface of the layered material can be adsorbed and removed, the mass transfer rate of corrosive ions in the cleaning liquid can be effectively reduced, and the occurrence of excessive corrosion is further reduced.
Preferably, in the second step, polishing means polishing with 200 mesh sand paper, 400 mesh sand paper and 600 mesh sand paper in sequence.
Preferably, in the step (III), in the process of heating to 1050-1100 ℃, when the temperature is less than or equal to 500 ℃, the heating rate is 20-50 ℃/min; when the temperature is more than 500 ℃ and less than or equal to 1000 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 10-20 ℃/min, and when the temperature is more than 1000 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5-10 ℃/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, during vacuum welding, the temperature is raised within the gradient range, so that the heating of the base material and the composite material is more uniform, the deformation caused by the stress generated by the rapid heat is effectively reduced, the contact surface of the base material and the composite material is kept consistent with the external temperature as far as possible when the brazing filler metal sheet is melted, and the wetting and capillary effect is fully exerted.
Preferably, in the step (III), the cooling rate in the cooling process is 5-10 ℃/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature is slowly reduced at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min when the temperature is reduced, so that the influence on the strength of the layered composite material caused by sudden temperature drop can be reduced, and the deformation and crack occurrence can be reduced.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a stainless steel layered composite material prepared by the method of preparing any one of the stainless steel layered composite materials described above.
By adopting the technical scheme, the stainless steel layered composite material has the performance characteristics of the stainless steel base material and the composite material, has better composite strength between the base material and the composite material, and can meet the application in the field.
In summary, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:
the brazing technology of the metal parts is applied to the compounding of the stainless steel base material and the composite material, the production process of the stainless steel layered composite material is simplified, the stainless steel layered composite material can realize mass production, and the production efficiency of the stainless steel layered material is obviously improved.
In addition, the reinforcing material SiC particles are added into the CuSiAlTi brazing filler metal powder, so that the mechanical property of the brazing filler metal is greatly improved, and the composite strength between the stainless steel base material and the composite material is improved.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The raw materials used in the examples of the present application are commercially available except for the following specific descriptions:
CuSiAlTi solder powder is calculated according to the weight percentage: 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 0.5% of Ti and 94.5% of Cu;
CuSiAlTi solder powder is calculated according to the weight percentage: 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 1% of Ti and 94% of Cu;
CuSiAlTi solder powder is calculated according to the weight percentage: 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 3% of Ti and 92% of Cu;
CuSiAlTi solder powder is calculated according to the weight percentage: 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 3.5% of Ti and 91.5% of Cu;
CuSiAlTi solder powder is calculated according to the weight percentage: 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 4% of Ti and 91% of Cu;
the particle size of the SiC particles is 0.5-1mm, and the purity is 99.5%.
Performance detection
The layered composite materials finally obtained in the following examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance test, which were conducted with reference to the methods in GB/T8165-2008 "stainless Steel clad Steel sheet and Steel strip", to test the bonding Rate (%) and interfacial shear Strength (MPa) of the layered composite materials.
Examples and comparative examples
Example 1
A preparation method of a stainless steel layered composite material comprises the following steps:
preparing brazing filler metal;
adding SiC particles and a binder into CuSiAlTi solder powder, stirring for 2 hours at 300rpm, flattening, naturally drying, rolling into a sheet with the thickness of 50 mu m, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat and shaping for 8 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain a solder sheet;
wherein, the CuSiAlTi solder powder is calculated according to the weight percentage: 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 0.5% of Ti and 94.5% of Cu;
the grain diameter of the SiC particles is 0.5-1mm, and the purity is 99.5%;
the binder is a mixture obtained by mechanically mixing nitrocellulose and octyl acetate according to a weight ratio of 1:1;
the amounts of the cusiaalti braze powder, siC particles, and binder added are shown in table 1 below;
(II) surface treatment;
cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material, and polishing after blow-drying to obtain the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material after surface treatment;
wherein, cleaning refers to cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material by using acetone;
polishing refers to polishing for 10min by using 600-mesh sand paper;
the stainless steel base material is 304 stainless steel;
the composite material is cemented carbide YG6C.
(III) vacuum brazing;
stacking the surface treated stainless steel base material, brazing filler metal sheet and composite material, and sequentially arranging the composite material, brazing filler metal sheet and stainless steel base material from top to bottom under the pressure of 2.5X10 -3 Preserving heat for 8min under the conditions of Pa and 1050 ℃, and cooling to obtain the stainless steel layered composite material;
wherein the temperature rising rate of the whole process in the step (III) is 50 ℃/min;
cooling to 20 ℃/min.
Examples 2 to 7
A method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material, which is different from example 1 in that the amounts of cusiaalti braze powder, siC particles, and binder added are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
The stainless steel layered composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 7 were tested according to the method specified in GB/T8165-2008, and the bonding rate (%) and the interfacial shear strength (MPa) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. In addition, a composite material obtained by explosive cladding was taken as comparative example 1; the composite material obtained by hot rolling and compounding was used as comparative example 2, the base materials in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were 304 stainless steel, and the composite materials were cemented carbide YG6C.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from analysis of the preparation methods in examples 1 to 7, the processes of the brazing filler metal preparation in step (one), the surface treatment in step (two) and the vacuum brazing in step (three) can be continuously produced on a large scale, and compared with the explosion method and the hot rolling method in the related art, the preparation method in the embodiment not only simplifies the process steps, but also realizes continuous production and obviously improves the production efficiency.
Further, as can be seen from the data in table 2, the stainless steel layered composites prepared in examples 1 to 7 all have a high bonding rate, which can reach 98.3% and above, slightly higher than that of the composites in comparative examples 1 and 2. In addition, the interfacial shear strength of the stainless steel layered composites obtained in examples 1-7 was also significantly higher than the relevant values in comparative examples 1 and 2.
In summary, the preparation method of the stainless steel layered composite material can improve production efficiency, realize large-scale batch production and further improve the composite effect of the layered composite material.
Examples 8 to 9
A method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material, which is different from example 6 in that in step (a), the thickness of the rolled sheet is different, as shown in table 3.
Comparative examples 3 to 4
A method for producing a composite material is different from example 6 in that in step (a), the thickness of the rolled sheet is different, as shown in table 3.
In addition, the stainless steel layered composite materials obtained in examples 8 to 9 and the composite materials obtained in comparative examples 3 to 4 were tested according to the method specified in GB/T8165-2008, and the bonding rate (%) and the interfacial shear strength (MPa) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Table 3
From the above table data, it can be seen that the stainless steel layered composites of example 8 and example 9 have higher bond rates and higher interfacial shear strength. In contrast, in comparative example 3, the thickness of the solder sheet was 40 μm, and the bonding rate and interfacial shear strength of the final composite material were reduced to a different extent than in example 6. In comparative example 4, the thickness of the solder sheet was 120 μm, and although the bonding rate and the interfacial shear strength of the finally obtained composite material were improved as compared with example 6, the improvement was not significant.
Examples 10 to 11
A method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material, which is different from example 8 in that in step (iii), the brazing temperature is different, as shown in table 4.
Comparative examples 5 to 6
A method for preparing a composite material is different from example 8 in that in step (iii), the brazing temperature is different, as shown in table 4.
In addition, the stainless steel layered composite materials obtained in examples 10 to 11 and the composite materials obtained in comparative examples 5 to 6 were tested according to the method specified in GB/T8165-2008, and the bonding rate (%) and the interfacial shear strength (MPa) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 4 below.
TABLE 4 Table 4
As can be seen from the above table data, the stainless steel layered composites of example 10 and example 11 have higher bonding rates and higher interfacial shear strengths than example 8, while the bonding rates and interfacial shear strengths of the composites obtained in comparative examples 5 and 6 are reduced to different extents. Thus, the brazing temperature is in the range of 1050-1100 ℃, and the obtained layered composite material has better composite strength.
Examples 12 to 15
The preparation method of the stainless steel layered composite material is different from example 10 in that the composition of each element in the CuSiAlTi brazing filler metal powder is different, and is specifically shown in Table 5.
The stainless steel layered composite materials obtained in examples 12 to 15 and the composite materials obtained in comparative examples 5 to 6 were tested according to the method specified in GB/T8165-2008, and the bonding rate (%) and the interfacial shear strength (MPa) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 5 below.
TABLE 5
As can be seen from the above table data, the stainless steel layered composite materials obtained in examples 12 to 15 have a better bonding rate and a higher interfacial shear strength than those of example 10, and in particular, the bonding rate of the composite material obtained in example 14 can be 99.1% and the interfacial shear strength can be 371MPa. Therefore, the composite effect between the base material and the composite material can be further improved by optimizing the Ti content in the CuSiAlTi, and when the Ti content in the CuSiAlTi is 1-4%, the composite effect of the obtained layered composite material is better. When the Ti content in CuSiAlTi is 3-4%, the obtained layered composite material has better combination rate and interface shearing strength.
In the process of implementing the technical scheme, the inventor finds that the cleaning liquid A formed by mixing 20-50 parts of oxalic acid, 10-20 parts of citric acid, 15-30 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts of pullulan, 40-60 parts of ethanol and 200-300 parts of water can improve the cleaning effect on the surfaces of stainless steel substrates, brazing filler metal sheets and composite materials. And, after the primary cleaning is carried out by using the cleaning liquid A, the secondary cleaning is carried out by using hot water with the temperature of 60-80 ℃, so that the surface treatment effect can be further improved. Thus, the inventors obtained the following examples by changing the washing step in the step (two) on the basis of example 14.
It should be noted that the amounts of oxalic acid, citric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, pullulan, ethanol and water in the cleaning liquid a can be adjusted within the above ranges, and the cleaning effect of the obtained cleaning liquid a on the surfaces of the stainless steel substrate, brazing filler metal sheet and composite material is not obvious, so that the use amount in example 16 is merely taken as an example. The temperature of the hot water in the cleaning liquid B can be arbitrarily adjusted within the range of 60 to 80 ℃, and the description will be given by taking example 16 as an example.
Example 16
A method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material, which is different from example 14 in that the cleaning step in step (two) refers to: cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material by using the cleaning agent A, and then cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material by using the cleaning agent B.
Wherein the cleaning liquid A is formed by mechanically mixing 30kg of oxalic acid, 15kg of citric acid, 20kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 4kg of pullulan, 50kg of ethanol and 250kg of water; the cleaning liquid B is hot water at 80 ℃.
Example 17
A method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material is different from example 16 in that in the second step, polishing means polishing with 200 mesh, 400 mesh and 600 mesh sandpaper in sequence, each sandpaper being polished for 5min.
The stainless steel layered composites obtained in examples 16 to 17 and the composites obtained in comparative examples 5 to 6 were tested according to the method specified in GB/T8165-2008, and the binding rate (%) and interfacial shear strength (MPa) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 6 below.
TABLE 6
As can be seen from the above table data, the layered composite materials obtained in example 16 and example 17 each have an improved bonding rate as compared with example 14. This shows that both the cleaning method in example 16 and the polishing method in example 17 can improve the bonding rate between the substrate and the composite material.
In the process of implementing the technical scheme, the inventor also finds that in the process of vacuum brazing in the step (three), the heating rate and the cooling rate can influence the composite condition of the base material and the composite material. The concrete steps are as follows: if the rapid heating occurs during the heating, the base material and/or the composite material can deform, so that the composite strength of the base material and the composite material is greatly reduced; if the temperature of the outgoing line suddenly drops during cooling, the base material and/or the composite material can be deformed, and even cracks appear. When the temperature is raised, gradient temperature raising is adopted, so that the situation can be well solved, and the composite strength of the base material and the composite material can be further improved; when cooling, the temperature is slowly reduced at a certain speed, so that the deformation and cracking phenomena of the profile can be effectively reduced. Thus, the inventors obtained the following examples 18 to 23 by adjusting the temperature raising process and the temperature lowering process in the step (three) on the basis of example 17.
Examples 18 to 20
A method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material, which is different from example 17 in that the temperature rising process in step (iii) is different, as shown in table 7.
TABLE 7
Examples 21 to 23
A method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material, which is different from example 17 in that the temperature rising process in step (three) is identical to example 19, and the temperature lowering rate in the temperature lowering process is shown in table 8.
TABLE 8
The stainless steel layered composites obtained in examples 18 to 23 and the composites obtained in comparative examples 5 to 6 were tested according to the method specified in GB/T8165-2008, and the bonding rate (%) and interfacial shear strength (MPa) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 9 below.
TABLE 9
From the above table data, the layered composites obtained in examples 18-20 have higher bonding rates and higher interfacial shear strengths than example 17. Also, the layered composites obtained in examples 21-23 have higher bonding rates and higher interfacial shear strengths than example 19. Therefore, the temperature rising rate and the temperature reducing rate can influence the composite condition of the base material and the composite material in the vacuum brazing process. When heating, gradient heating is adopted, and when cooling, the temperature is slowly reduced at a certain speed, so that the composite strength of the base material and the composite material can be effectively improved, and the combination rate and the interface shearing strength are improved.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the present application and is not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution as required, but is protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the stainless steel layered composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparing brazing filler metal;
adding SiC particles and a binder into CuSiAlTi solder powder, mixing and stirring, flattening, drying, rolling into a sheet with the thickness of 50-100 mu m, heating, preserving heat and shaping, and cooling to obtain a solder sheet;
(II) surface treatment;
cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material, and polishing after blow-drying to obtain the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material after surface treatment;
(III) vacuum brazing;
stacking the surface-treated stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material, sequentially arranging the composite material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the stainless steel base material from top to bottom, carrying out heat preservation brazing at 1050-1100 ℃, and cooling to obtain the stainless steel layered composite material;
in the first step, the weight ratio of the CuSiAlTi solder powder to the SiC particles is (80-95): 5-20;
in the first step, the addition amount of the binder accounts for 5-10% of the total weight of the CuSiAlTi brazing filler metal powder and the SiC particles;
in the step (I), in the CuSiAlTi brazing filler metal powder, the content of Si is 3 percent, the content of Al is 2 percent, the content of Ti is 1 to 4 percent, and the balance is Cu;
the stainless steel base material is 304 stainless steel; the composite material is cemented carbide YG6C.
2. The method of producing a stainless steel layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (one), the cusiaalti brazing filler metal powder contains, by weight, 3% of Si, 2% of Al, 3 to 4% of Ti, and the balance Cu.
3. The method for preparing a stainless steel layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (two), the specific steps of cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel substrate, the brazing sheet and the composite material are as follows: cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material by using a cleaning agent A, and then cleaning the surfaces of the stainless steel base material, the brazing filler metal sheet and the composite material by using a cleaning agent B;
the cleaning liquid A is prepared by mixing 20-50 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 10-20 parts by weight of citric acid, 15-30 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts by weight of pullulan, 40-60 parts by weight of ethanol and 200-300 parts by weight of water;
the cleaning agent B is hot water with the temperature of 60-80 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, polishing means polishing with 200 mesh sand paper, 400 mesh sand paper and 600 mesh sand paper in order.
5. The method for producing a stainless steel layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step (three), in the process of heating to 1050 to 1100 ℃, when the temperature is not more than 500 ℃, the heating rate is 20 to 50 ℃/min; when the temperature is more than 500 ℃ and less than or equal to 1000 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 10-20 ℃/min, and when the temperature is more than 1000 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5-10 ℃/min.
6. The method for producing a stainless steel layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (three), the cooling rate in the cooling process is 5 to 10 ℃/min.
7. A stainless steel layered composite material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-6.
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