CN114799481A - Friction welding method for medium-carbon alloy structural steel large-diameter pipe fitting - Google Patents
Friction welding method for medium-carbon alloy structural steel large-diameter pipe fitting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114799481A CN114799481A CN202210447748.0A CN202210447748A CN114799481A CN 114799481 A CN114799481 A CN 114799481A CN 202210447748 A CN202210447748 A CN 202210447748A CN 114799481 A CN114799481 A CN 114799481A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a friction welding method for large-diameter pipe fittings of medium carbon alloy structural steel, which can weld and connect large-diameter pipe fittings made of medium carbon alloy structural steel together, and comprises the steps of welding medium carbon alloy structural steel pipe fittings with the diameter of phi 200-phi 350 mm and the wall thickness of 10-30 mm by an inertia friction welding machine, selecting the value of the interaction pressure between two welded workpieces according to the welding area, selecting the combined weight of a flywheel, selecting the rotating speed of a main shaft, chamfering 0.5 degrees on the welding surface of a rotating part before welding, not chamfering the welding surface of a fixed part into a right-angle surface, maintaining the pressure for 30 seconds after welding, and then carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the welding seam, thereby ensuring the firm welding of the pipe fittings, carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the inner part after welding and carrying out magnetic powder flaw detection on the outer surface, and having no defects of inclusion, air holes, cracks and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine manufacturing, and relates to a friction welding method for large-diameter pipes made of medium-carbon alloy structural steel, which can weld and connect large-diameter pipes made of medium-carbon alloy structural steel together.
Background
Friction welding is a welding process in which two workpieces are butted and subjected to an interaction pressure, while one is rotating and the other is stationary and moving relative to each other, and the friction heat is generated and the contact surfaces are bonded together after melting. The friction welding is suitable for welding the same kind of steel and the same kind of metal, and is also suitable for welding the different kind of steel and the different kind of metal, and the welding quality is good, stable, and the rejection rate is 1% of the general welding method according to statistics, and in addition, the welding size precision is high, and some special friction welding machines can guarantee that the length tolerance of weldment is +/-0.2 millimeter, and the eccentricity is less than 0.2 millimeter, and power saving, no spark, arc light and harmful gas produce, therefore the friction welding is widely applied to the aerospace industry. In medium carbon alloy structural steel pipe pieces with the specification size of 200 mm to 350 mm in diameter and 10 mm to 30 mm in wall thickness, because the product has large demand, the welding efficiency is low by adopting fusion welding methods such as arc welding and the like, and the welding seam has defects of inclusion, pores, cracks and the like frequently, so the quality cannot be ensured, but the friction welding is adopted for welding, and the defects of inclusion, pores, cracks and the like do not exist at the welding seam after welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems of the traditional welding technology that friction welding equipment is used for welding medium carbon alloy structural steel pipes with the diameter phi of 200-350 mm and the wall thickness of 10-30 mm, which need to be welded, and the friction welding method is used for achieving ultrasonic flaw detection in the welded part and magnetic powder flaw detection on the outer surface, and the defects of impurities, air holes, cracks and the like do not exist at the welding seam.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a friction welding method for large-diameter pipe fittings of medium carbon alloy structural steel adopts an inertia friction welding machine to weld medium carbon alloy structural steel pipe fittings with the diameter phi of 200 mm to phi 350 mm and the wall thickness of 10 mm to 30 mm, and is characterized in that: the welding is carried out according to the following specific requirements:
step 1), when friction welding is adopted for welding, the rotating pipe fitting is fixed in a main shaft of the friction welding machine and rotates along with the main shaft and the flywheel, and the fixed pipe fitting is fixed at the tail of the friction welding machine and does not rotate; the requirements for the two workpiece contact surfaces are: the welding surface of the rotary pipe fitting needs to be chamfered by 0.5 degrees, the end surface of the fixed pipe fitting is not chamfered to be a right-angle surface, so that sundries on the welding surface can be effectively removed during welding, and the welding quality can be ensured;
step 2), calculating the interaction pressure between the two workpieces according to the area of a contact surface and 110-150 newtons per square millimeter when friction welding is adopted; selecting the weight and the rotating speed of the flywheel combination, and calculating according to the kinetic energy required by each square millimeter, namely, the half of the value of the weight of the flywheel group multiplied by the square of the rotating speed of the main shaft is more than or equal to 145000; the pressure of the flywheel needs to be maintained for 30 seconds after the flywheel stops rotating, and deformation after welding is avoided;
and 3) carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the welding seam by using a medium-frequency induction coil after friction welding, wherein the heating temperature is 870 +/-30 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2 minutes, and the welding seam is cooled to room temperature in an air mode so as to remove internal stress generated by welding.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts an inertia friction welding machine to weld a medium carbon alloy structural steel pipe fitting with the diameter phi of 200 mm to phi 350 mm and the wall thickness of 10 mm to 30 mm, selects the value of the interaction pressure between two welded workpieces according to the welding area, selects the weight of a flywheel combination and selects the rotating speed of a main shaft, the chamfer angle of the welding surface of the rotating pipe fitting before welding is 0.5 degrees, the welding surface of the fixed pipe fitting is not chamfered into a right angle surface, the pressure is maintained for 30 seconds after welding, and then the high temperature annealing treatment is carried out on the welding seam, thus ensuring the firm welding of the pipe fitting, carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the inner part after welding and carrying out magnetic powder flaw detection on the outer surface without defects of impurities, air holes, cracks and the like. And the welding qualification rate is high, the speed is high, and the method is suitable for batch production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pipe welding process.
1 is the rotating pipe fitting, and its face of weld chamfer is 0.5, and 2 is fixed pipe fitting, and the face of weld is not the chamfer and is the right angle face.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figure, the friction welding method for the large-diameter pipe fitting of the medium-carbon alloy structural steel adopts an inertia friction welding machine to weld the medium-carbon alloy structural steel pipe fitting with the diameter phi of 200 mm to 350 mm and the wall thickness of 10 mm to 30 mm, and the welding is carried out according to the following specific requirements:
step 1), when friction welding is adopted for welding, the rotating pipe 1 is fixed in a main shaft of a friction welding machine and rotates along with the main shaft and a flywheel, and the fixed pipe fitting 2 is fixed at the tail of the friction welding machine and does not rotate; the requirements for the two workpiece contact surfaces are: the welding surface of the rotary pipe fitting needs to be chamfered by 0.5 degrees, the end surface of the fixed pipe fitting is not chamfered to be a right-angle surface, so that sundries on the welding surface can be effectively removed during welding, and the welding quality can be ensured;
step 2), calculating the interaction pressure between the two workpieces according to the area of a contact surface and 110-150 newtons per square millimeter when friction welding is adopted; selecting the weight and the rotating speed of the flywheel combination, and calculating according to the kinetic energy required by each square millimeter, namely, the half of the value of the weight of the flywheel group multiplied by the square of the rotating speed of the main shaft is more than or equal to 145000; the pressure of the flywheel needs to be maintained for 30 seconds after the flywheel stops rotating, and deformation after welding is avoided;
and 3) carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the welding seam by using a medium-frequency induction coil after friction welding, wherein the heating temperature is 870 +/-30 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2 minutes, and the welding seam is cooled to room temperature in an air mode so as to remove internal stress generated by welding.
The specific control parameters of the friction welding method are as follows:
1. the pressure value is selected according to the wall thickness per square millimeter, the wall thickness is selected from 110-125 Newton from 10 mm to 20 mm, and the wall thickness is selected from 125-150 Newton from 20 mm to 30 mm.
2. The weight and the rotating speed of the flywheel combination are selected according to the kinetic energy required per square millimeter, namely, half of the value of the weight of the flywheel group multiplied by the square of the rotating speed of the main shaft is more than or equal to 145000, and the pressure is maintained for 30 seconds after the flywheel stops rotating, so that the flywheel is ensured not to deform after welding.
3. During welding, one workpiece is fixed in a main shaft of the friction welding machine and rotates along with the main shaft and the flywheel, the other workpiece is fixed at the tail of the friction welding machine and does not rotate, the contact surfaces of the two workpieces meet the requirement, the welding surface of the rotating pipe fitting needs to be chamfered by 0.5 degrees, the end surface of the fixed pipe fitting is not chamfered to be a right-angle surface, and therefore impurities on the welding surface can be effectively removed during welding, and the welding quality is ensured.
4. And (3) after welding, carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the welding seam by using a medium-frequency induction coil, heating the welding seam at 870 +/-30 ℃, preserving the heat for 2 minutes, and cooling the welding seam to room temperature in air so as to remove internal stress generated by welding.
Example (c): the diameter of the steel pipe is 270 mm, the wall thickness is 15 mm, friction welding is adopted for welding, ultrasonic flaw detection is carried out on the inner part and magnetic powder flaw detection is carried out on the outer surface after welding, and defects such as impurities, air holes and cracks do not exist at the welding seam.
The specific welding process is as follows:
1. and selecting an action pressure value of 125 newtons per square millimeter according to the wall thickness of 15 millimeters, calculating the total area to be 12010.5 square millimeters, and finally determining the interaction force between the two workpieces to be 12010.5 multiplied by 125=1501312.5 newtons.
2. According to 12010.5 square millimeters of welding area, a combination of two flywheels of 1150 kg and 3300 kg is used, and the rotation speed of 900 rpm is selected, so that half of the value of the weight of the flywheel set multiplied by the square of the rotation speed of the main shaft is 1500056 and is larger than 145000 specified values, and the pressure is maintained for 30 seconds after the flywheels stop rotating.
3. During welding, the welding surface of the rotary pipe fitting needs to be chamfered by 0.5 degrees, and the end surface of the fixed pipe fitting is not chamfered to be a right-angle surface.
4. And after welding, carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the welding seam by using a medium-frequency induction coil, heating to 850-880 ℃, preserving heat for 2 minutes, and air-cooling to room temperature.
Welding according to the above requirements, detecting welding quality after welding, performing ultrasonic flaw detection inside, performing magnetic powder flaw detection on the outer surface, and having no defects. Meets the requirements.
The special inertia friction welding machine is adopted for welding, the welding machine can generate 5000000 Newton, the rotating speed of the main shaft is 600 + 1500 rpm, the number of the counter weights is three, the weights are 1150 kg, 1550 kg and 3300 kg respectively, and the three flywheels can be combined randomly during welding.
When in welding, one workpiece is fixed in a main shaft of the friction welding machine and rotates along with the main shaft and the flywheel, and the other workpiece is fixed at the tail part of the friction welding machine and does not rotate. The contact surfaces of the two workpieces have angle requirements, the welding surface of the rotating part needs chamfering by 0.5 degrees, and the end surface of the fixing part is a right-angle surface, so that impurities on the welding surface can be effectively removed during welding, and the welding quality is ensured.
During welding, the two workpieces need to have interaction pressure, and the force is kept for 30 seconds after welding. The force is calculated according to the area of the contact surface, namely 110-150 newtons per square millimeter; the weight and the rotating speed of the flywheel combination are selected according to the kinetic energy required per square millimeter, namely, half of the value of the weight of the flywheel group multiplied by the square of the rotating speed of the main shaft is more than or equal to 145000, and the pressure is maintained for 30 seconds after the flywheel stops rotating, so that the flywheel is ensured not to deform after welding.
And (3) after welding, carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the welding seam by using a medium-frequency induction coil, heating the welding seam at 870 +/-30 ℃, preserving the heat for 2 minutes, and cooling the welding seam to room temperature in air so as to remove internal stress generated by welding.
Claims (1)
1. A friction welding method for large-diameter pipe fittings of medium carbon alloy structural steel adopts an inertia friction welding machine to weld medium carbon alloy structural steel pipe fittings with the diameter phi of 200 mm to phi 350 mm and the wall thickness of 10 mm to 30 mm, and is characterized in that: the welding is carried out according to the following specific requirements:
step 1), when friction welding is adopted for welding, the rotating pipe fitting is fixed in a main shaft of the friction welding machine and rotates along with the main shaft and the flywheel, and the fixed pipe fitting is fixed at the tail of the friction welding machine and does not rotate; the requirements for the two workpiece contact surfaces are: the welding surface of the rotary pipe fitting needs to be chamfered by 0.5 degrees, the end surface of the fixed pipe fitting is not chamfered to be a right-angle surface, so that sundries on the welding surface can be effectively removed during welding, and the welding quality can be ensured;
step 2), calculating the interaction pressure between the two workpieces according to the area of a contact surface and 110-150 newtons per square millimeter when friction welding is adopted; selecting the weight and the rotating speed of the flywheel combination, and calculating according to the kinetic energy required by each square millimeter, namely, the half of the value of the weight of the flywheel group multiplied by the square of the rotating speed of the main shaft is more than or equal to 145000; the pressure of the flywheel needs to be maintained for 30 seconds after the flywheel stops rotating, and deformation after welding is avoided;
and 3) carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the welding seam by using a medium-frequency induction coil after friction welding, wherein the heating temperature is 870 +/-30 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2 minutes, and the welding seam is cooled to room temperature in an air mode so as to remove internal stress generated by welding.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210447748.0A CN114799481B (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Friction welding method for large-diameter pipe fitting of medium-carbon alloy structural steel |
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| CN202210447748.0A CN114799481B (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Friction welding method for large-diameter pipe fitting of medium-carbon alloy structural steel |
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| CN114799481B CN114799481B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1928335A1 (en) * | 1968-06-11 | 1969-12-18 | Production Technologs Inc | Process and device for welding thin-walled pipes |
| US3699639A (en) * | 1970-10-27 | 1972-10-24 | Gen Motors Corp | Friction welding methods |
| JPS60103130A (en) * | 1983-11-08 | 1985-06-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | High-frequency tempering method of frictionally press welded part |
| CN103008871A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-04-03 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司工程服务公司 | Friction welding process for novel bainite/martensite duplex-phase steel drill pipe |
| CN110193700A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-09-03 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of welding method of minor diameter dissimilar metal revolving body member |
| CN110715037A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-01-21 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Composite metal flexible plate |
| CN111515520A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-11 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Synchronous axial welding method for variable-diameter multi-welding-surface revolving body component |
| CN113122771A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 中内凯思汽车新动力系统有限公司 | High-performance friction welding steel piston and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-04-27 CN CN202210447748.0A patent/CN114799481B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1928335A1 (en) * | 1968-06-11 | 1969-12-18 | Production Technologs Inc | Process and device for welding thin-walled pipes |
| US3699639A (en) * | 1970-10-27 | 1972-10-24 | Gen Motors Corp | Friction welding methods |
| JPS60103130A (en) * | 1983-11-08 | 1985-06-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | High-frequency tempering method of frictionally press welded part |
| CN103008871A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-04-03 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司工程服务公司 | Friction welding process for novel bainite/martensite duplex-phase steel drill pipe |
| CN110715037A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-01-21 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Composite metal flexible plate |
| CN110193700A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-09-03 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of welding method of minor diameter dissimilar metal revolving body member |
| CN113122771A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 中内凯思汽车新动力系统有限公司 | High-performance friction welding steel piston and preparation method thereof |
| CN111515520A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-11 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Synchronous axial welding method for variable-diameter multi-welding-surface revolving body component |
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