CN114799099A - Method for improving molten steel wettability on surface of thin strip continuous casting roller - Google Patents
Method for improving molten steel wettability on surface of thin strip continuous casting roller Download PDFInfo
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- CN114799099A CN114799099A CN202210343152.6A CN202210343152A CN114799099A CN 114799099 A CN114799099 A CN 114799099A CN 202210343152 A CN202210343152 A CN 202210343152A CN 114799099 A CN114799099 A CN 114799099A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the molten steel wettability of the surface of a thin strip continuous casting roller, which comprises the following steps: the molten metal flows to a pair of casting rolls of a twin roll caster and forms a molten bath above a nip between the pair of casting rolls and above casting surfaces of the casting rolls, wherein a selenium (Se) content in the molten metal in the molten bath is greater than or equal to 0.005% by weight and a temperature of the molten metal in the molten bath is greater than or equal to 1550 ℃, the pair of casting rolls are rotated relative to each other, and the molten metal in the molten bath is cooled and solidified on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls and passes downward through the nip between the pair of casting rolls to form a steel strip, wherein a linear speed of rotation of the casting rolls is less than or equal to 0.8 m/s. The invention also provides a thin strip produced according to the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of strip continuous casting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the wettability of molten steel on the surface of a strip continuous casting roller.
Background
The thin strip casting technique is a new type of thin strip steel production process that uses a twin roll caster, in which the molten steel casting process is carried out in a molten bath surrounded by a pair of counter-rotating casting rolls and side closure plates, between which molten metal is introduced so that the metal cools and solidifies as a strip on the surfaces of the rotating casting rolls, and the solidified strip product is continuously delivered downwardly at the nip between the casting rolls.
Compared with the traditional hot rolling process, the strip continuous casting technology has the advantages of simple production process, low energy consumption, low product cost and the like. However, this technique also currently has certain bottlenecks, mainly in whether the molten metal can be continuously stabilized into a ribbon and whether the ribbon thickness is uniform. If the molten metal can not be continuously stabilized into a belt or the belt thickness is fluctuated, the belt is broken and the pouring is stopped easily, so that the continuous production can not be realized, the production efficiency and the product quality are influenced, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an advantageous technical scheme, which can improve the molten steel wettability of the surface of the casting roll, and further provides the continuity and stability of casting.
Specifically, the invention improves the wettability of molten metal on the surface of a casting roll by adding Se element to the molten metal, reducing the surface tension of molten steel by controlling the temperature of the molten metal, and reducing the fluctuation of the molten metal on the surface of the casting roll by controlling the rotational linear speed of the casting roll. The good wettability of the molten metal can ensure that the molten metal is well attached to the surface of the casting roller and is uniformly cooled, the thickness of a solidified blank shell is uniform and stable, and further, a belt is stable, the thickness of a steel belt is uniform, the belt is not easy to break and stop pouring, continuous production can be realized, the production efficiency and the product quality are improved, and the product cost is reduced.
The invention discloses an improved method for producing thin strip steel, which comprises the following steps: the molten metal flows to a pair of casting rolls of a twin roll caster and forms a molten bath above a nip between the pair of casting rolls and above casting surfaces of the casting rolls, wherein a selenium (Se) content in the molten metal in the molten bath is greater than or equal to 0.005% by weight and a temperature of the molten metal in the molten bath is greater than or equal to 1550 ℃, the pair of casting rolls are rotated relative to each other, and the molten metal in the molten bath is cooled and solidified on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls and passes downward through the nip between the pair of casting rolls to form a steel strip, wherein a linear speed of rotation of the casting rolls is less than or equal to 0.8 m/s. The invention also provides a thin strip produced according to the method.
In a preferred embodiment, the content of selenium (Se) is in the range of 0.005 to 0.01% by weight.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the molten metal in the molten bath is in the range of 1550 ℃ to 1570 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the wetting angle of the molten metal on the surface of the casting rolls is less than 80 °.
In a preferred embodiment, the molten metal in the molten bath further comprises by weight: no more than 0.03% carbon (C), no more than 0.5% silicon (Si), no more than 0.2% manganese (Mn), no more than 0.005% nitrogen (N), no more than 0.005% sulfur (S).
The present invention also provides a thin strip produced by a twin roll continuous caster comprising, by weight: not more than 0.03% of carbon (C), not more than 0.5% of silicon (Si), not more than 0.2% of manganese (Mn), not more than 0.005% of nitrogen (N), not more than 0.005% of sulfur (S), and not less than 0.005% of selenium (Se). Preferably, the content of selenium (Se) is in the range of 0.005 to 0.01% by weight. The selenium (Se) added into the thin strip steel enables the molten steel to be cooled and solidified on the surface of a casting roll at an improved wetting angle in the casting process, and the formed thin strip steel can form a long continuous length, and is uniform in strip thickness and small in fluctuation.
The method improves the wettability of the strip continuous casting molten steel on the surface of the casting roll, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the Se content in the molten steel is more than or equal to 0.005 percent by weight; the surface tension of the molten steel can be effectively reduced by adding the Se element into the molten steel, and the higher the Se content is, the smaller the surface tension of the molten steel is, the smaller the wetting angle of the molten steel on the surface of the casting roll is, and the better the wetting property is; in order to ensure that the infiltration angle of the molten steel on the surface of the casting roll is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 80 degrees, the Se content needs to be more than or equal to 0.005 percent by weight, but the Se content can not be infinitely increased in consideration of the requirement of the purity of the molten steel in the field, and is generally selected to be less than or equal to 0.01 percent.
(2) Molten steel flows into a molten pool through a tundish and a transition ladle, and the temperature of the molten steel in the molten pool is controlled to be more than or equal to 1550 ℃; the invention aims to ensure that the wetting angle of the molten steel on the surface of the casting roller is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 80 degrees, and the molten steel temperature is more than or equal to 1550 ℃, but the molten steel temperature can directly cause the molten steel to be incapable of being solidified into a belt on the surface of the casting roller, so the molten steel temperature is generally not more than 1570 ℃.
(3) The rotating linear speed of the casting rolls is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.8 m/s. The rotation of the casting rolls affects the stability of the molten steel on the surface of the casting rolls, and thus the wettability. Generally, the slower the casting rolls move, the better the molten steel wets the surfaces of the rolls, so the rolls are ideally stationary, but considering the strip casting process requirements, the rolls must rotate continuously to bring the strip away from the bath, so the rolls cannot remain stationary. Comprehensively considering, the invention controls the rotating linear speed of the casting roller to be less than or equal to 0.8 m/s.
According to the method for improving the wettability of the molten steel on the surface of the thin strip continuous casting roller, the wetting angle formed by the molten steel on the surface of the casting roller is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 80 degrees.
Advantageous technical effects
The method can improve the molten steel wettability of the surface of the casting roll in the thin strip continuous casting, and the wetting angle is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 80 degrees, so that the molten steel is well attached to the surface of the casting roll, the cooling is uniform, the solidified strip is stable and uniform in thickness, the strip breakage is not easy to occur, the production continuity is improved, the product quality is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is to be understood that the drawings in the following description are directed to only some embodiments of the invention and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a twin roll caster system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of casting rolls installed into roll cassettes in a casting position through the twin roll caster of FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The following are embodiments of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments that can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring now to fig. 1 and 2, there is shown a twin roll continuous caster comprising a main frame 10, the main frame 10 standing from the floor and supporting a pair of casting rolls 12, the pair of casting rolls 12 being mounted in a roll cassette 11 for ease of operation and movement.
A twin roll caster for continuously casting thin metal strip comprises a pair of counter-rotating casting rolls 12 each having a casting surface 12A forming a nip 18 therebetween. Molten metal passes from ladle 13 through tundish 14 and then through refractory outlet shroud 15 to transition ladle 16 and then to distributor 17 positioned between casting rolls 12 above nip 18. The molten metal so delivered forms a molten pool 19 supported above the nip above the casting surfaces 12A of the casting rolls 12.
The casting rolls 12 are internally cooled (e.g., internally water cooled) so that as the casting rolls 12 rotate relative to each other, the molten metal in the molten bath 19 rotationally contacts the casting surfaces 12A and cools and solidifies on the casting surfaces 12A. During casting, the metal shells that cool and solidify on the casting surfaces 12A of the casting rolls 12 are brought together at the nip 18 between the casting rolls to form a thin strip product delivered downwardly from the nip.
The twin roll caster is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of high strength light gauge steel strip products and enables continuous, efficient production. In the aspect of the present invention, particularly, the addition of a non-metallic element, such as selenium (Se), to the molten metal (molten steel) can improve the wettability of the molten metal (molten steel) on the surface of the casting roll in the strip casting process.
Preferably, the amount of selenium (Se) added is chosen such that the wetting angle of the molten steel on the surface of the casting roll during strip casting is less than 90 °, preferably less than 80 °. The good wettability of the molten metal on the surface of the casting roller enables the molten metal to be well attached to the surface of the rotating casting roller and to be uniformly cooled, so that a steel strip formed by cooling and solidifying the molten metal on the surface of the casting roller is continuous, stable and uniform in thickness, the strip is not easy to break, the production continuity is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
The surface tension of the molten steel can be effectively reduced by adding the Se element into the molten steel, and the higher the Se content is, the smaller the surface tension of the molten steel is, and further the smaller the wetting angle of the molten steel on the surface of the casting roll is, the better the wetting property is. In the scene of the invention, the wettability refers to the degree of wettability of liquid (molten steel) on the solid surface (the surface of a casting roller), wherein at the intersection of solid, liquid and gas, the included angle from the solid-liquid interface to the gas-liquid interface through the inside of the liquid is called a contact angle/wetting angle; wherein the smaller the wetting angle, the better the wettability. The most fundamental reason for wettability is the presence of liquid surface tension. In general, a wetting angle of the molten steel on the casting roll surface of less than 90 °, preferably less than 80 °, enables good wetting and conformity and thus continuous stability of casting during continuous casting and uniform strip thickness. The content of Se is preferably selected from the range of about 0.005% to about 0.01% in consideration of requirements for surface tension and wettability of molten steel and purity of molten metal during continuous casting.
During strip casting, molten metal (molten steel) flows through the tundish 14 and the tundish 16 into a molten bath 19, wherein the molten bath 19 is formed above the nip 18 between the pair of counter-rotating casting rolls 12 and above the casting surfaces 12A thereof. The temperature of the molten steel is increased to reduce the surface tension of the molten steel, and the higher the temperature of the molten steel is, the lower the surface tension of the molten steel is, the smaller the wetting angle of the molten steel on the surface of the casting roll is, and the better the wetting property is. The temperature of the molten steel in the molten bath 19 is selected to be not less than 1550 deg.c in order to maintain a wetting angle of the molten steel on the surface of the casting rolls of less than 90 deg., preferably less than 80 deg.. Meanwhile, considering that too high temperature of molten steel directly causes the molten steel not to be rapidly cooled and solidified into a strip on the surface of the casting rolls, the temperature of molten steel is preferably selected to not more than 1570 ℃.
After the molten metal flows into the molten bath 19, the molten metal in the molten bath 19 continues to contact the rotating casting roll surfaces 12A as the casting rolls 12 are relatively rotated (e.g., water cooled) and cools and solidifies on the casting surfaces 12A to form a thin strip product at the nip 18 delivered downwardly from the nip as the casting rolls 12 are relatively rotated. The rotational speed of the casting rolls also affects the stability of the molten steel on the casting roll surfaces, and thus the wettability. In general, the slower the rotation of the casting rolls, the better the wettability of the molten steel on the surfaces thereof, and the better the stability of the thickness of the formed steel strip, so that the casting rolls are ideally stationary. However, in view of the process requirements for strip casting, the pair of casting rolls 12 must be continuously rotated relative to each other to carry the strip away from the molten bath and down from the nip so that the casting rolls cannot remain stationary. Considering the wettability and the casting speed comprehensively, in the technical scheme of the invention, the rotating linear speed of the casting roller is less than or equal to 0.8 m/s. In the context of the present invention, the linear speed of rotation of the casting rolls is the linear speed of the casting roll surfaces, i.e., the product of the casting roll angular velocity and the casting roll radius.
In Table 1 below, a plurality of comparative examples and examples are shown to illustrate the effect of Se content in molten steel, molten bath temperature and linear speed of rotation of casting rolls on the wetting angle of molten steel on the surfaces of casting rolls (i.e., the wettability of molten steel on the surfaces of casting rolls) in a strip casting process. Under the condition of comprehensively considering the factors, the excellent wettability (such as the wetting angle is less than 90 degrees and preferably less than 80 degrees) of the molten steel on the surface of the casting roller can be realized, the stable production for a long time is realized, the production cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the actual requirements of industrial production are met.
TABLE 1 Process and molten steel wettability of comparative examples and examples
Specifically, as can be seen from the experimental results of table 1, as the Se content in the molten steel increases, the temperature of the molten steel in the molten bath increases, and the linear speed of rotation of the casting rolls decreases, the wetting angle of the molten steel on the surfaces of the casting rolls shows a decreasing tendency. Preferably, Se content of not less than 0.005% (including 0.005%) is added to the molten steel, so that good wettability of the molten steel on the surface of the casting roll can be maintained. Further, the temperature of molten steel in the molten pool is preferably not lower than 1550 ℃ (including 1550 ℃) and the rotational linear velocity of the casting rolls is preferably not higher than 0.8m/s, so that the wetting angle of molten steel on the casting roll surfaces can be achieved to be lower than 80 °, further good wetting and conformability of molten steel on the casting roll surfaces is achieved, and thus continuous stability of casting during continuous casting is achieved.
Further, in the production process of the present invention, in addition to selenium (Se) element, the molten metal includes: no more than 0.03% carbon (C), no more than 0.5% silicon (Si), no more than 0.2% manganese (Mn), no more than 0.005% nitrogen (N), no more than 0.005% sulfur (S). Furthermore, the present invention provides a steel strip product formed according to the aforementioned improved production method of the present invention, comprising by weight: not more than 0.03% of carbon (C), not more than 0.5% of silicon (Si), not more than 0.2% of manganese (Mn), not more than 0.005% of nitrogen (N), not more than 0.005% of sulfur (S), and not less than 0.005% of selenium (Se). Preferably, the content of selenium (Se) is in the range of 0.005 to 0.01% by weight. As previously described, the addition of Se to the molten steel helps to improve the wettability of the molten steel on the surface of the casting rolls, thereby ensuring a longer continuous length of the produced steel strip and uniformity of thickness.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention and it is noted that various modifications and adaptations of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the molten steel wettability of the surface of a thin strip continuous casting roller comprises the following steps:
the molten metal flows to a pair of casting rolls of a twin roll caster and forms a molten pool above a nip between the pair of casting rolls and above casting surfaces of the casting rolls, wherein a content of selenium (Se) in the molten metal in the molten pool is 0.005% or more by weight and a temperature of the molten metal in the molten pool is 1550 ℃ or more,
the pair of casting rolls are rotated relative to each other, and molten metal in the molten pool is cooled and solidified on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls and passes downward through a nip between the pair of casting rolls to form a steel strip, wherein the casting rolls are rotated at a linear velocity of 0.8m/s or less.
2. The method for improving the wettability of molten steel on the surface of a thin strip casting roll according to claim 1,
the content of selenium (Se) is in the range of 0.005-0.01 percent by weight.
3. The method for improving the wettability of molten steel on the surface of a thin strip casting roll according to claim 1,
the temperature of the molten metal in the molten pool is in the range of 1550 ℃ to 1570 ℃.
4. The method for improving the wettability of molten steel on the surface of a thin strip casting roll according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the molten metal forms a wetting angle of less than 80 ° on the surface of the casting rolls.
5. The method for improving molten steel wettability of a surface of a thin strip casting roll according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said molten pool further comprises, by weight:
not more than 0.03% carbon (C),
no more than 0.5% silicon (Si),
not more than 0.2% manganese (Mn),
no more than 0.005% nitrogen (N),
no more than 0.005% sulfur (S).
6. Thin strip steel produced according to the method of any one of claims 1-5.
7. Thin strip steel comprising by weight:
not more than 0.03% carbon (C),
no more than 0.5% silicon (Si),
not more than 0.2% manganese (Mn),
no more than 0.005% nitrogen (N),
not more than 0.005% of sulphur (S),
not less than 0.005% selenium (Se).
8. The thin steel strip as claimed in claim 7,
the content of selenium (Se) is in the range of 0.005-0.01 percent by weight.
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