CN114798693A - Waste photovoltaic module recovery method based on supercritical fluid - Google Patents
Waste photovoltaic module recovery method based on supercritical fluid Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recovery method, which comprises the steps of mechanically disassembling a junction box and a frame of a photovoltaic module to obtain a laminated part; cutting the laminate into pieces; adding the laminated piece or the fragments into a supercritical fluid for supercritical reaction to obtain a photovoltaic module reclaimed material; and screening and separating the photovoltaic module reclaimed materials to complete the recovery of the waste photovoltaic modules. The invention realizes the thorough separation of all materials of the photovoltaic module, and has simple process, high recovery purity and no pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic module recovery, and particularly relates to a supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recovery method.
Background
The photovoltaic module is the most central device in a photovoltaic power generation system, and the photovoltaic module utilizes the photovoltaic effect to directly convert light energy into electric energy. The photovoltaic module is divided into a crystalline silicon module and a film module, and the crystalline silicon module generally comprises an aluminum frame, a back plate (or glass), a junction box, a lower layer adhesive (EVA or POE), a cell, a solder strip, a bus bar, an upper layer adhesive (EVA or POE), glass and sealing silica gel, as shown in fig. 1. The thin film assembly generally comprises a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a semiconductor layer, a junction box, a back contact layer, a back electrode and a gluing material, as shown in fig. 2.
The service life of the photovoltaic module is 25 to 30 years, and the retired or scrapped photovoltaic module contains valuable metals such as copper, aluminum, silver, tin, cadmium, indium and the like, and materials such as glass, high-purity silicon and the like, so that the photovoltaic module has high recycling value.
The existing photovoltaic module recovery technology can be divided into mechanical disassembly, thermal decomposition treatment, chemical treatment or combination of multiple methods; there are the following drawbacks:
(1) low recovery purity and complex secondary purification process
Mechanical disassembly is carried out to crush glass, adhesive (EVA or POE), battery piece (silicon), back plate, welding strip, bus bar and the like together to obtain mixed powder, various materials are mutually adhered through the adhesive (EVA or POE), so that the recovery purity is low, secondary decomposition such as grinding, dissolving and the like is needed, and secondary screening and purification are needed if high-purity materials are needed; the low-temperature heat treatment melts the adhesive (EVA or POE) by using the temperature, then separates the glass and the back plate by adopting a mechanical method, however, the adhesive (EVA or POE) can be adhered again after the temperature is reduced, and secondary separation and purification are needed.
(2) The recovery process is complicated
The mixed powder obtained by the mechanical disassembly method needs thermal decomposition or chemical separation, and then a plurality of screening methods are adopted to obtain high-purity raw materials, so that the process of the whole system is very complex; the raw material after low-temperature heat treatment separation still sticks adhesive (EVA or POE) or other materials, needs to be separated and purified for the second time, and has complex process; the chemical treatment method needs to treat chemical waste, and a waste liquid treatment system also causes complex process.
Therefore, the simple, high-efficiency, pollution-free and high-purity photovoltaic module recovery method is always an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field of photovoltaic module recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for recovering a waste photovoltaic module based on a supercritical fluid, which utilizes the characteristics of the supercritical fluid to dissolve an adhesive (EVA or POE) and separate the photovoltaic module at one time to obtain a high-purity recovered material, and has the advantages of rapid reaction, short time and no pollution.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recovery method comprises the following steps:
s1, disassembling the junction box of the photovoltaic assembly by adopting a mechanical method, and disassembling the frame by adopting a mechanical method aiming at the photovoltaic assembly with the frame to obtain a laminated piece;
s2, cutting the laminated piece obtained in the step S1 into pieces by adopting a mechanical method;
s3, adding the laminates obtained in the step S1 or the fragments obtained in the step S2 into supercritical fluid for supercritical reaction to obtain photovoltaic module reclaimed materials;
and S4, screening and separating the photovoltaic module reclaimed material obtained in the step S3 to complete the recovery of the waste photovoltaic modules.
Specifically, in step S1, the photovoltaic module junction box is removed by a scraper or by pulling after preheating; the frame disassembling method adopts a hydraulic press disassembling method and a motor disassembling method.
Specifically, in step S1, the photovoltaic modules include frame-crystal silicon photovoltaic modules, borderless crystal silicon photovoltaic modules, and thin-film photovoltaic modules.
Further, the disassembled junction box is directly recycled, and for the frame-containing crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, the frame is disassembled by a mechanical method, and the aluminum frame is recycled to obtain the lamination piece.
Further, in step S3, the supercritical fluid includes supercritical water and supercritical carbon dioxide.
Specifically, in step S3, the laminating piece obtained in step S1 or the fragments obtained in step S2 are filled into supercritical fluid, the temperature of the supercritical water is controlled to be not less than 374 ℃, and the pressure is controlled to be not less than 22.1 MPa; and (3) performing supercritical reaction on the supercritical carbon dioxide at the temperature of more than or equal to 31.1 ℃ and the pressure of more than or equal to 7.38MPa to obtain the photovoltaic module reclaimed material.
Specifically, in step S3, adding the laminate obtained in step S1 or the fragments obtained in step S2 into a supercritical fluid to react for 15-120 min, cooling, and performing pressure relief treatment to obtain the photovoltaic module recycled material.
Furthermore, the cooling mode adopts water cooling or natural cooling.
Specifically, in step S4, the screening and separating method includes a gravity screening method, a bouncing roller screening method, a belt screening method, and a vibration screening method.
Specifically, in step S4, the photovoltaic module after being screened and separated includes a cell, glass, solder strips, bus bars, a back sheet, and an adhesive material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for recovering the waste photovoltaic module based on the supercritical fluid, the EVA or POE in the photovoltaic module is dissolved by utilizing the ultrahigh solubility and the fast reaction speed of the supercritical fluid, so that the high-purity recovered material is obtained, and the method has the advantages of simple process, high recovered purity and the like.
Furthermore, the damaged photovoltaic module and the complete photovoltaic module can be decomposed, so that the problems of glass breakage and the like can be avoided in the process of disassembling the frame and the back plate, and the mechanical disassembling method has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, economy and the like; the mechanical dismantling method adopted by the invention comprises a hydraulic press four-direction synchronous dismantling method and a motor transmission four-direction dismantling method, and the dismantling of the photovoltaic module frame can be efficiently and economically realized.
Furthermore, the high solubility of the supercritical fluid is utilized to decompose the photovoltaic module adhesive, so that the transistor photovoltaic module and the thin film module can be separated; has the advantage of wide application range.
Furthermore, the frame and the junction box obtained in the mechanical disassembly process are directly used as recycled materials.
Further, the supercritical fluid includes supercritical water and supercritical carbon dioxide, which are used separately.
Furthermore, the supercritical fluid can be carried out in a closed reaction kettle or in a flowing mode, and the photovoltaic module can participate in the reaction in a laminated mode or a fragment mode.
Furthermore, if supercritical water is adopted, the temperature is more than or equal to 374 ℃, and the pressure is more than or equal to 22.1 MPa; if supercritical carbon dioxide is adopted, the temperature is more than or equal to 31.1 ℃, and the pressure is more than or equal to 7.38 MPa.
Further, the reaction time of the photovoltaic module in the supercritical fluid ranges from 15 minutes to 120 minutes; compared with the existing photovoltaic module recovery method, the method has higher separation energy efficiency.
Furthermore, if supercritical water is adopted, the water can be recovered after being cooled, and the cooling mode comprises a natural cooling mode and a water cooling mode; the cooling method has the advantages of simplicity, economy, high cooling efficiency and the like.
Furthermore, the substance decomposed by the supercritical fluid has the advantage of high purity, and can be directly recovered after physical screening.
Furthermore, the recycled materials after screening comprise the battery piece, the glass, the welding strip, the bus bar, the back plate and the adhesive, and the recycling method has the advantages of high purity, high recycling rate and the like.
In conclusion, the invention realizes the thorough separation of the materials of the photovoltaic module, and has the advantages of simple process, high recovery purity and no pollution.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thin film battery assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block flow diagram of a method for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 5 is a block flow diagram of a method for recycling a frameless crystalline silicon photovoltaic module according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 6 is a block flow diagram of a complete crystal silicon photovoltaic module recycling method of example 3;
fig. 7 is a block flow diagram of a thin film photovoltaic module recycling method of example 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" indicate the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and including such combinations, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe preset ranges, etc. in embodiments of the present invention, these preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish preset ranges from each other. For example, the first preset range may also be referred to as a second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range may also be referred to as the first preset range, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if determined" or "if detected (a stated condition or event)" may be interpreted as "when determined" or "in response to a determination" or "when detected (a stated condition or event)" or "in response to a detection (a stated condition or event)", depending on the context.
Various structural schematics according to the disclosed embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
The invention provides a waste photovoltaic module recovery method based on supercritical fluid, which is characterized in that EVA is dissolved by utilizing the characteristics of the supercritical fluid, raw materials of a photovoltaic module are separated at one time, a high-purity recovered material is obtained, and fewer gas pollutants are generated in the EVA dissolving process.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, mechanically disassembling the junction box and recycling the junction box for the photovoltaic assembly, and mechanically disassembling the frame for the framed photovoltaic assembly to obtain a laminated part;
the photovoltaic module comprises a frame crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, a frameless crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module and a film photovoltaic module.
And directly recovering the disassembled junction box, and for the frame-containing crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, disassembling the frame by adopting a mechanical method, and recovering the aluminum frame to obtain the laminated part.
The sequence of dismantling the junction box and the frame is not fixed, and the photovoltaic module does not limit a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module or a thin film photovoltaic module.
The dismounting method of the photovoltaic module junction box adopts a scraper knife to remove or remove after preheating; the frame disassembling method adopts a hydraulic press disassembling method and a motor disassembling method.
S2, removing the photovoltaic module of the junction box in the step S1, and cutting the laminated piece obtained in the step S1 into pieces by adopting a mechanical method, or directly carrying out the step S3 without cutting;
there is no limitation on the method of cutting the photovoltaic module nor on the size and volume of the photovoltaic module fragment or the entire frameless photovoltaic module, and it should be noted that any limitation or modification on the size and volume of the photovoltaic module fragment or the entire frameless photovoltaic module is considered to be within the scope of the present application without departing from the principles of the present disclosure.
S3, filling the photovoltaic module fragments or the laminated pieces cut in the step S2 into a supercritical fluid container, and adding a supercritical fluid, wherein the temperature of the supercritical water is more than or equal to 374 ℃, and the pressure is more than or equal to 22.1 MPa; the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide is more than or equal to 31.1 ℃, the pressure is more than or equal to 7.38MPa, the temperature and the pressure are adjusted to carry out supercritical reaction to obtain a photovoltaic module reclaimed material, or a supercritical fluid is directly added to react for 15-120 min, then the reaction product is cooled, and pressure relief treatment is carried out to obtain the photovoltaic module reclaimed material;
supercritical fluid refers to fluid when the temperature and pressure of the system exceed critical points, including supercritical water and supercritical carbon dioxide, such as water with critical temperature TT374 deg.C, critical pressure PT22.1MPa, CO 2 Has a critical temperature TT31.1 ℃ and a critical pressure PT7.38MPa, and is not limited to the supercritical stateThe temperature and pressure of the critical fluid, as well as the type of fluid, are not limited.
The supercritical fluid vessel is a vessel capable of withstanding the temperature and pressure of the supercritical fluid, and is not limited to the shape, volume, material, function, and the like of the vessel.
The supercritical fluid treatment does not limit the dosage and treatment time of the supercritical fluid; it should be noted that any modification or limitation of supercritical fluid temperature, pressure, fluid volume, processing time or vessel should be considered within the scope of the present application without departing from the principles of the present technology.
And S4, screening and separating the photovoltaic module reclaimed material obtained in the step S3, and then recovering the photovoltaic module reclaimed material.
The screening and separating method comprises a gravity screening method, a rebound roller screening method, a belt screening method and a vibration screening method.
The raw materials after screening and separation are respectively recycled, and the screening method is not limited, and it should be noted that any modification of the screening method without departing from the principle of the technical scheme should be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for recovering waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid, which is characterized in that the supercritical fluid is utilized to dissolve photovoltaic module adhesives (EVA and POE), and the raw materials of the photovoltaic modules are separated at one time to obtain a high-purity recovered material, and less gas pollutants are generated in the EVA dissolving process.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 4, the method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, for the framed photovoltaic assembly, disassembling the junction box and the frame by a mechanical method, and recycling the junction box and the frame; obtaining a laminate;
in one embodiment, the method for removing the junction box comprises the following steps of removing by a scraper blade; the frame dismantling method comprises a four-way synchronous dismantling method of the hydraulic press;
s2, aiming at the laminated piece of the step S1, cutting the laminated piece into fragments by adopting a mechanical method;
in one embodiment, the method of cutting the laminate employs water knife cutting.
S3, filling the photovoltaic module fragments cut in the step S2 into a supercritical fluid container, adding a supercritical fluid, adjusting the temperature and the pressure, performing supercritical reaction to obtain a photovoltaic module reclaimed material, or directly adding the supercritical fluid, cooling after reacting for 30-120 minutes, and decompressing to ambient air pressure to obtain the photovoltaic module reclaimed material;
in one embodiment, the supercritical fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide, the pressure is 31.1-200 ℃, and the pressure is 7.38-20 MPa;
and S4, screening and separating the photovoltaic module reclaimed material obtained in the step S3, and then recovering the photovoltaic module reclaimed material.
In one embodiment, the screening method uses gravity screening in combination with bouncing drum screening.
The invention provides a supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recovery method, which is characterized in that a frame-containing module is cut into fragments after frames are removed, photovoltaic module adhesives (EVA and POE) are dissolved by utilizing the characteristics of a supercritical fluid, and the fragments of recovered materials which are thoroughly separated are obtained at one time.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, in the method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid according to the embodiment of the present invention, the supercritical fluid is used to decompose the frameless crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
s1, dismantling the photovoltaic module junction box by a mechanical method, wherein the junction box can be directly recycled;
in one embodiment, the junction box can be removed by a scraper knife along the junction between the junction box and the back plate.
S2, cutting the frameless photovoltaic module into fragments by adopting a mechanical method;
in one specific embodiment, the mechanical cutting method employs a roll cutter with cutting dimensions of 10cm x 2 cm.
S3, filling the photovoltaic module fragments into a supercritical fluid container, adding fluid, and adjusting the temperature and pressure to reach a supercritical state; after reacting for a period of time, cooling, decompressing and taking out the reclaimed materials;
in one embodiment, the supercritical fluid is supercritical water, the temperature is 374-500 ℃, the pressure is 22.1-25 MPa, and the reaction time is 30-120 min.
S4, screening and separating the reclaimed materials;
in one embodiment, the screening method may employ gravity screening in combination with belt screening.
And S5, obtaining recycled materials such as battery pieces, glass, welding strips, bus bars, back plates, adhesives (EVA or POE) and the like.
In the embodiment, the step of dismantling the frame of the frameless photovoltaic module is not needed, supercritical water is adopted for carrying out in a flowing mode, the streamlined operation can be realized, and the frameless photovoltaic module has the advantages of high efficiency and lower energy consumption.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 6, in the method for recycling a waste photovoltaic module based on a supercritical fluid according to the embodiment of the present invention, the supercritical fluid is used to decompose a complete crystalline silicon photovoltaic module laminate, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
s1, filling the complete frameless photovoltaic module lamination piece into a supercritical fluid container, adding a supercritical fluid, and adjusting the temperature and the pressure to reach a supercritical state; after reacting for a period of time, cooling, decompressing and taking out the reclaimed materials;
in one embodiment, the supercritical fluid is supercritical water, the temperature is 374-500 ℃, the pressure is 22.1-30 MPa, and the reaction time is 60-120 min.
S2, screening and separating the reclaimed materials;
as the complete photovoltaic module is directly separated, the screening method of the reclaimed materials can be directly separated by adopting manual separation or automatic separation equipment.
And S5, obtaining complete battery pieces, complete glass, welding strips, bus bars, a back plate, adhesive (EVA or POE) and other recycled materials.
Can obtain complete glass, battery pieces, welding strips, bus bars and back plates, and realize high recovery rate and high recovery purity.
The method can directly recycle the complete glass, the battery piece, the back plate material, the bus bar and the welding strip, and the recycled glass and the battery piece can be directly reused.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 7, in the method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid according to the embodiment of the present invention, the supercritical fluid is used to decompose the thin film photovoltaic module, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
s1, dismantling the photovoltaic module junction box by a mechanical method, wherein the junction box can be directly recycled;
in one embodiment, the terminal box is removed by heating and then removing the terminal box with a spatula.
S2, cutting the frameless photovoltaic module into fragments by adopting a mechanical method;
in one embodiment, the assembly is cut using a roller cutter cutting method, with a cut size of 5cm by 5 cm.
S3, placing the photovoltaic module into a supercritical fluid container, adding fluid, and adjusting the temperature and pressure to reach a supercritical state; after reacting for a period of time, cooling, decompressing and taking out the reclaimed materials;
in a specific embodiment, the supercritical fluid adopts supercritical carbon dioxide, the temperature range is 31.1-180 ℃, the pressure is 7.38-18 MPa, and the reaction time is 15-120 min;
s4, screening and separating the reclaimed materials;
in one embodiment, the screening method may employ a combination of a vibrating screen and a bouncing drum screen.
And S5, obtaining a recovered material such as a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a semiconductor layer, a junction box, a back contact layer, a back electrode and the like.
Materials such as the transparent substrate, the transparent conducting layer, the semiconductor layer, the junction box, the back contact layer and the back electrode are respectively recovered through screening, so that high recovery rate and high recovery purity are realized. The method can realize the recovery of the film assembly, and the recovered material has high purity, no toxicity and no cost.
In summary, the method for recovering the waste photovoltaic module based on the supercritical fluid has the following effects:
(1) the photovoltaic module has high recovery purity, and after the photovoltaic module is decomposed by adopting a supercritical fluid technology, EVA of the photovoltaic module is completely dissolved, all materials are completely separated, and the material purity is high;
(2) the recovery time of the photovoltaic module is short, the recovery efficiency is high, and the supercritical fluid can separate the photovoltaic module in a short time, so that the recovery yield is improved, and the recovery efficiency is improved;
(3) the photovoltaic module recovery process is simple, the invention mainly utilizes the characteristics of the supercritical fluid to decompose the photovoltaic module at one time, so as to directly obtain high-purity materials, reduce the subsequent treatment requirement, and the recovery system process is simple.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recovery method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, disassembling the junction box of the photovoltaic assembly by adopting a mechanical method, and disassembling the frame by adopting a mechanical method aiming at the photovoltaic assembly with the frame to obtain a laminated piece;
s2, cutting the laminated piece obtained in the step S1 into pieces by adopting a mechanical method;
s3, adding the laminates obtained in the step S1 or the fragments obtained in the step S2 into supercritical fluid for supercritical reaction to obtain photovoltaic module reclaimed materials;
and S4, screening and separating the photovoltaic module reclaimed material obtained in the step S3 to complete the recovery of the waste photovoltaic modules.
2. The method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the method for disassembling the junction box of the photovoltaic module adopts a scraper knife to remove or to remove after preheating; the frame disassembling method adopts a hydraulic press disassembling method and a motor disassembling method.
3. The supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recovery method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the photovoltaic modules include framed crystal silicon photovoltaic modules, frameless crystal silicon photovoltaic modules and thin film photovoltaic modules.
4. The supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recovery method according to claim 3, wherein the disassembled junction box is directly recovered, and for the framed crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, the frames are mechanically disassembled to recover the aluminum frames, so as to obtain the laminated piece.
5. The method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S3, the supercritical fluid comprises supercritical water and supercritical carbon dioxide.
6. The method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the laminate obtained in step S1 or the fragments obtained in step S2 are added into the supercritical fluid, and the temperature of the supercritical water is controlled to be not less than 374 ℃, and the pressure is controlled to be not less than 22.1 MPa; and (3) performing supercritical reaction on the supercritical carbon dioxide at the temperature of more than or equal to 31.1 ℃ and the pressure of more than or equal to 7.38MPa to obtain the photovoltaic module reclaimed material.
7. The method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the laminate obtained in step S1 or the fragments obtained in step S2 are added into the supercritical fluid to react for 15-120 min, then cooled, and subjected to pressure relief treatment to obtain the photovoltaic module recycled material.
8. The method for recycling the waste photovoltaic modules based on the supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cooling manner is water cooling or natural cooling.
9. The supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the sieving and separating method includes gravity sieving method, bouncing roller sieving method, belt sieving method and vibration sieving method.
10. The supercritical fluid-based waste photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the photovoltaic module after being screened and separated comprises a cell piece, glass, solder strips, bus bars, a back sheet and a binder material.
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| CN202210467707.8A CN114798693A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Waste photovoltaic module recovery method based on supercritical fluid |
| PCT/CN2022/143098 WO2023207191A1 (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-12-29 | Waste photovoltaic assembly recovery method based on supercritical fluid |
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| WO2023207191A1 (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-02 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Waste photovoltaic assembly recovery method based on supercritical fluid |
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| CN117244910B (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-02-02 | 意诚新能(苏州)科技有限公司 | Recycling device, system and process for stripping and grinding back plate of photovoltaic module in batches |
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