CN114798383B - Method for coating solar energy coating - Google Patents

Method for coating solar energy coating Download PDF

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CN114798383B
CN114798383B CN202210318359.8A CN202210318359A CN114798383B CN 114798383 B CN114798383 B CN 114798383B CN 202210318359 A CN202210318359 A CN 202210318359A CN 114798383 B CN114798383 B CN 114798383B
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temperature
coating
metal substrate
spraying
drying
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CN114798383A (en
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肖刚
黄羿珲
聂婧
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/002—Pretreatement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0209—Multistage baking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2518/00—Other type of polymers
    • B05D2518/10—Silicon-containing polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a coating method of a solar coating, which comprises the following steps: pretreatment: providing a metal substrate, polishing the metal substrate by using low-mesh sand paper, and polishing the metal substrate by using high-mesh sand paper to obtain the metal substrate with a uniform rough surface; and (3) spraying: providing high-temperature resistant paint, and spraying the high-temperature resistant paint on the rough surface; and (3) drying: drying the metal substrate sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant coating; and (3) heat treatment: gradually heating to different temperature ranges, and respectively placing the dried metal base material sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant coating in the different temperature ranges for a specified time period for heat treatment to obtain the metal base material with the high-temperature-resistant coating. The invention can ensure that the coating has good adhesive force, so that the coating has higher absorptivity, reduces the operation and maintenance cost caused by cracking and falling of the coating, improves the heat absorption efficiency and reduces the potential safety hazard caused by uneven temperature.

Description

Method for coating solar energy coating
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the technical field of procedures for applying liquids or other fluids to pretreated surfaces, in particular to a method for applying solar coatings.
Background
In order to reduce carbon emission and improve a single energy structure, accelerating the development of renewable energy technology and the research of solar power generation are important in ensuring the sustainable and healthy development of socioeconomic performance and are also important directions for adjusting the energy structure.
The solar thermal power generation technology is to convert solar energy into heat energy, then generate power through a steam turbine or other thermal power conversion devices, and can be coupled with large-scale low-cost heat storage to realize continuous and stable output. According to the different condensing modes, the condensing device is mainly divided into a groove type, a tower type, a linear Fresnel type, a disc type and the like. The trough type solar thermal power generation technology and the tower type solar thermal power generation technology are two relatively mature commercial solar thermal power generation modes, and are suitable for large-scale application. One of the core technologies of the solar thermal power generation system is a heat absorber, and the heat absorption efficiency of the heat absorber mainly depends on the concentration ratio, the surface absorption rate and the emissivity of the heat absorber, and the solar absorption coating is one of the key factors determining the heat absorption efficiency of the heat absorber. Because the solar energy absorbing coating is directly contacted with the external space, the solar energy coating is easy to fall off, the surface temperature of the heat absorber is high, the solar energy coating is easy to age due to repeated rising and falling, the absorptivity of the solar energy absorbing coating is reduced, and the problems of uneven temperature distribution, rising operation and maintenance cost, reduced efficiency of the heat absorber and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a coating method of a solar coating, which can ensure that the coating has good adhesive force, reduce operation and maintenance cost caused by cracking and falling of the coating, ensure that the coating has higher absorptivity, improve the efficiency of a heat absorber, further improve the efficiency of the whole system, ensure the stable and normal operation of the heat absorber, reduce potential safety hazards caused by uneven temperature and improve the safety of the system.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for coating a solar coating, comprising the steps of:
pretreatment: providing a metal substrate, polishing the metal substrate by using low-mesh sand paper, and polishing the metal substrate by using high-mesh sand paper to obtain the metal substrate with a uniform rough surface;
and (3) spraying: providing high-temperature resistant paint, and spraying the high-temperature resistant paint on the rough surface;
and (3) heat treatment: gradually heating to different temperature ranges, and respectively placing the dried metal base material sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant coating in the different temperature ranges for a specified time period for heat treatment to obtain the metal base material with the high-temperature-resistant coating.
According to the technical scheme, the low-mesh sand paper is used for processing the surface of the substrate, so that the rough surface of the substrate is obtained, the adhesive force of a coating in the subsequent spraying and heat treatment processes is improved, the metal substrate is polished by the high-mesh sand paper, the uniformity of the rough surface is improved, the low-mesh sand paper is used first, and then the high-mesh sand paper is used for polishing, so that the efficiency of the rough treatment and the quality of the rough treatment are both considered.
The heat treatment process of the coating is mainly divided into two parts, wherein the first part is the volatilization of water in the coating; the second part is that the conversion from organic to inorganic occurs, the activation energy at this stage is very similar to the bond energy of Si-C bond and C-C bond, and the cleavage of Si-C bond and C-C bond mainly occurs at this stage, and small molecular hydrocarbon gas is released. In contrast to sintering at a fixed temperature to cure the coating; the water volatilization and the organic-inorganic chemical reaction in the coating are fully carried out at different temperatures by stage heating, so that the absorptivity of the coating is improved and the adhesive force of the coating is enhanced.
The solar coating method disclosed by the invention is particularly improved in the aspects of substrate surface treatment, coating methods, heat treatment processes and the like, ensures that the coating has good adhesive force, ensures that the coating has higher absorptivity, reduces operation and maintenance cost caused by cracking and falling of the coating, improves the efficiency of the heat absorber, further improves the efficiency of the whole system, ensures the stable and normal operation of the heat absorber, reduces potential safety hazards caused by uneven temperature and improves the safety of the system.
In an optional technical scheme of the invention, in the preprocessing step, the method further comprises the following sub-steps:
and (3) cleaning: cleaning the pretreated metal substrate;
and (3) drying and cooling: and drying and cooling the cleaned metal base material.
According to the technical scheme, the cleaning can remove scraps and grease generated after polishing. The pretreatment steps of cleaning, drying, cooling and the like enable the metal substrate to provide a clean and dry rough surface, so that the metal substrate has better adhesive force on the high-temperature-resistant coating.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, in the cleaning step, acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol or metal cleaning powder is adopted to clean the metal substrate.
According to the technical scheme, acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol, metal cleaning powder or the like is used for cleaning the metal substrate, grease is removed, if the acetone or the absolute ethyl alcohol is used, natural air drying is achieved, and if the metal cleaning powder is used, the metal cleaning powder is required to be cleaned again by clean water and then is put into a drying oven for drying.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, a spray gun is adopted for spraying, high-temperature resistant paint in the spray gun is uniformly stirred for 20-30 min, the spraying air pressure is 0.05-0.25 MPa, the spraying speed is lower than 50mm/s, and the spray is carried out for a plurality of times at a position within 35cm from a metal substrate.
According to the technical scheme, the uniformity of the high-temperature-resistant coating on the surface of the metal substrate is improved by the pressure, the speed and the position, the thickness of the coating is controlled to be proper, the adhesive force of the high-temperature-resistant coating is improved, and the falling-off of the high-temperature-resistant coating is reduced.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, the method further comprises a step of drying the metal substrate sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant coating before the heat treatment step; the heat treatment step comprises the first stage, namely, raising the temperature from room temperature to 100-150 ℃ and then preserving the heat for 1-3 h; a second stage, namely raising the temperature from the first stage to 250-300 ℃ and then preserving the heat for 1-3 h; a third stage, namely raising the temperature from the second stage to 450-550 ℃ and then preserving the heat for 1-3 h; the temperature rising rate is 5-30 ℃/min, and finally the mixture is naturally cooled to room temperature.
According to the technical scheme, the first stage and the second stage of heat treatment mainly comprise the volatilization of water in the high-temperature-resistant coating; the third stage of the heat treatment undergoes an organic to inorganic transition. The evaporation of the moisture is divided into two stages, on one hand, the moisture is more fully volatilized, on the other hand, the temperature difference between an absorption peak of the moisture evaporation and the organic-inorganic chemical reaction is larger, and the transition of the temperature can be realized in the second stage, and the complete evaporation of the moisture can be further ensured.
In the alternative technical scheme of the invention, in the drying step, the sprayed metal substrate is placed into a drying oven to be dried for 18-24 hours.
According to the technical scheme, the drying is beneficial to improving the adhesive force of the high-temperature-resistant coating on the metal substrate and avoiding the coating falling off in the heat treatment process.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, the metal base material is a solar heat absorber formed by one or more materials of ferrite, martensite, austenite and nickel-based alloy, and the light absorption component of the high-temperature resistant coating is spinel type transition metal oxide.
According to the technical scheme, the coating method can be used for coating the surface coating of the solar heat absorber, and the spinel type transition metal oxide has excellent high temperature resistance, so that the solar coating has better anti-aging capability under the conditions of repeated temperature rise and temperature reduction, and the service life of the solar heat absorber is prolonged.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the ferrite alloy is SUS430, the martensite alloy is T91 or VM12, the austenite alloy may be Super304 or 310S, and the nickel-based alloy is Haynes230 or Inconel625.
According to the technical scheme, the alloy has better strength and hardness and moderate toughness, and is beneficial to improving the adaptability of the metal base material.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the spinel type transition metal oxide is FeMnCuO 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、CuMnCrO 4 Or FeNiCuO 4 。
According to the technical scheme, the spinel type transition metal oxide has good light absorption performance and good high temperature resistance, and is beneficial to improving the ageing resistance and the heat absorption efficiency of the solar coating.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, the high-temperature-resistant coating also comprises an adhesive, wherein the adhesive is one or more of organic silicon resin, methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane or methylphenyldichlorosilane.
According to the technical scheme, the high-temperature-resistant coating mainly undergoes drainage, glue discharge, vitrification and cladding working sections in the heat treatment process, wherein the adhesive and the like are sintered in the heat treatment process. The high temperature resistant coating consists of an adhesive and high Wen Jian spinel type transition metal oxide, and is subjected to vitrification reaction in the heat treatment process to form the high temperature resistant coating with strong adhesive force.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for coating a solar coating according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a 10 micron scale of a refractory coating prior to a heat treatment step in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a 4 micron scale of a refractory coating prior to a heat treatment step in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a 10 micron scale of a refractory coating after a heat treatment step in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of a high temperature resistant coating on a 4 micron scale after a heat treatment step in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a coating method of a solar coating, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment: providing a metal substrate, polishing the metal substrate by using low-mesh sand paper, and polishing the metal substrate by using high-mesh sand paper to obtain the metal substrate with a uniform rough surface; the preprocessing step further comprises the substeps of:
s11, cleaning: cleaning the pretreated metal substrate;
s12, drying and cooling: and drying and cooling the cleaned metal base material.
S2, spraying: providing high-temperature resistant paint, and spraying the high-temperature resistant paint on the rough surface;
s21, drying: drying the metal substrate sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant coating;
s3, heat treatment: gradually heating to different temperature ranges, and respectively placing the dried metal base material sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant coating in the different temperature ranges for a specified time period for heat treatment to obtain the metal base material with the high-temperature-resistant coating.
Specifically, the low-mesh sand paper is used for processing the surface of the substrate, so that the substrate is provided with a rough surface, the adhesive force of a coating in the subsequent spraying and heat treatment processes is improved, the metal substrate is polished by the high-mesh sand paper, the uniformity of the rough surface is improved, the low-mesh sand paper is used first, and then the high-mesh sand paper is used for polishing, so that the efficiency of the rough treatment and the quality of the rough treatment are both considered.
Further, the metal substrate is a solar heat absorber made of one or more materials of ferrite, martensite, austenite and nickel-based alloy, for example, the ferrite alloy is SUS430, the martensite alloy is T91 or VM12, the austenite alloy can be Super304 or 310S, and the nickel-based alloy is Haynes230 or Inconel625. The light-absorbing component of the high-temperature resistant coating is spinel type transition metal oxide, for example, the spinel type transition metal oxide is FeMnCuO 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、CuMnCrO 4 Or FeNiCuO 4 . The high-temperature-resistant coating also comprises an adhesive, wherein the adhesive is one or more of organic silicon resin, methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane or methylphenyldichlorosilane.
The cleaning can remove the scraps and grease generated after polishing. The pretreatment steps of cleaning, drying, cooling and the like enable the metal substrate to provide a clean and dry rough surface, so that the metal substrate has better adhesive force on the high-temperature-resistant coating.
The drying step is beneficial to improving the adhesive force of the high-temperature-resistant coating on the metal substrate and avoiding the coating from falling off in the heat treatment process.
In the spraying step, a spray gun is adopted for spraying, the paint in the spray gun is uniformly stirred for 20-30 min, the spraying air pressure is 0.05-0.25 MPa, the spraying speed is lower than 50mm/s, and the spray is carried out for a plurality of times at a position within 35cm from the metal substrate. The pressure, the speed and the position improve the uniformity of the high-temperature-resistant coating on the surface of the metal substrate, control the thickness of the coating to be proper, improve the adhesive force of the high-temperature-resistant coating and reduce the falling of the high-temperature-resistant coating.
The heat treatment process of the coating is mainly divided into two parts, wherein the first part is the volatilization of water in the coating; the second part is that the conversion from organic to inorganic occurs, the activation energy at this stage is very similar to the bond energy of Si-C bond and C-C bond, and the cleavage of Si-C bond and C-C bond mainly occurs at this stage, and small molecular hydrocarbon gas is released. In contrast to sintering at a fixed temperature to cure the coating; the water volatilization and the organic-inorganic chemical reaction in the coating are fully carried out at different temperatures by stage heating, so that the absorptivity of the coating is improved and the adhesive force of the coating is enhanced.
Further, in order to explore the microstructure change of the coating before and after heat treatment, in the embodiment of the invention, a SU-8010 scanning electron microscope is adopted to test and analyze the microstructure of a coating sample. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the surface of the coating before heat treatment has paint particles agglomerated together. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the heat-treated coating layer has a microcrack structure. Micropores are observed in the coating film due to evaporation of the volatile organic solvent during spray deposition. The structure is similar to that of an optical trap coating, and light rays are projected to the surface of the coating and can be reflected in micropores for multiple times, so that the absorptivity of the coating is improved to a certain extent.
The solar coating method disclosed by the invention is particularly improved in the aspects of substrate surface treatment, coating methods, heat treatment processes and the like, ensures that the coating has good adhesive force, reduces operation and maintenance cost caused by cracking and falling of the coating, ensures that the coating has higher absorptivity, improves the efficiency of a heat absorber, further improves the efficiency of the whole system, ensures the stable and normal operation of the heat absorber, reduces potential safety hazards caused by uneven temperature and improves the safety of the system.
Example 1
Taking an SUS430 ferrite stainless steel plate with the thickness of 3mm and the size of 50mm, firstly polishing by using 80-mesh sand paper, and then polishing by using 120-mesh sand paper to obtain a uniform slightly rough surface; the polished base material is cleaned by using metal cleaning powder (the components comprise 30% -35% of sodium hydroxide, 45% -50% of buffering agent, 10% -15% of complexing agent, 0.5% -2% of surfactant and 0.2% -1% of defoaming agent), grease and scraps generated after polishing are removed, and then the base material is cleaned by using clear water to wash away residual cleaning powder. And finally, placing the mixture into a drying oven to be dried for 2 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then naturally cooling the mixture to about 40 ℃.
The spray gun is filled with CuCr as main light absorption component 2 O 4 Uniformly stirring for 20min, spraying at a constant speed at a position about 30cm away from the substrate by using a spray gun, wherein the spraying air pressure is 0.20MPa, the spraying speed is 35mm/s, and the spraying is carried out for 5 times. And (5) after spraying, placing the mixture into a drying oven, and airing the mixture at 25 ℃ for 24 hours.
After air drying, heat treating the substrate, raising the temperature to 100 ℃ from room temperature for 25min, and keeping the temperature at 100 ℃ for 1h; heating to 250deg.C over 15min, and maintaining at 250deg.C for 3 hr; heating to 450 ℃ after 40min, and keeping at 450 ℃ for 2h; naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 2
And (3) taking an Inconel625 alloy pipe with the thickness of 2mm and the diameter of 40mm of the tower type solar heat absorber, polishing by using 120-mesh sand paper, and polishing by using 200-mesh sand paper to obtain a uniform slightly rough surface. And cleaning the substrate by using acetone, removing grease, and naturally air-drying. Drying in a drying oven at 100deg.C for 2 hr, and naturally cooling to about 40deg.C.
The spray gun is filled with FeNiCuO as main light absorption component 4 Uniformly stirring for 20min, spraying at a constant speed at a position about 30cm away from the substrate by using a spray gun, wherein the spraying air pressure is 0.15MPa, the spraying speed is 30mm/s, and the spraying is performed for 4 times. And (5) after spraying, placing the mixture into a drying oven, and airing the mixture at 25 ℃ for 24 hours.
Heat-treating the metal substrate after air drying, raising the temperature to 150 ℃ from room temperature for 25min, and keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 1h; heating to 250deg.C over 15min, and maintaining at 250deg.C for 3 hr; heating to 450 ℃ after 40min, and keeping at 450 ℃ for 2h; heating to 550 ℃ for 15min, and keeping at 550 ℃ for 2h; naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 3
Taking a T91 martensitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 3mm and the size of 50mm, firstly polishing by using 80-mesh sand paper, and then polishing by using 120-mesh sand paper to obtain a uniform slightly rough surface; the polished base material is cleaned by using metal cleaning powder (the components comprise 30% -35% of sodium hydroxide, 45% -50% of buffering agent, 10% -15% of complexing agent, 0.5% -2% of surfactant and 0.2% -1% of defoaming agent), grease and scraps generated after polishing are removed, and then the base material is cleaned by using clear water to wash away residual cleaning powder. And finally, placing the mixture into a drying oven to be dried for 2 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then naturally cooling the mixture to about 40 ℃.
The spray gun is filled with CuMnCrO as the main light absorption component 4 Uniformly stirring for 20min, spraying at a constant speed at a position about 25cm away from the base material by using a spray gun, wherein the spraying air pressure is 0.15MPa, and the spraying speed is 30mm/s, and spraying for 3 times. And (5) after spraying, placing the mixture into a drying oven, and airing the mixture at 25 ℃ for 24 hours.
Heat-treating the metal substrate after air drying, raising the temperature to 150 ℃ from room temperature for 25min, and keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 1h; heating to 300 ℃ for 10min, and keeping at 300 ℃ for 3h; heating to 550 ℃ for 15min, and keeping at 550 ℃ for 2h; naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 4
Taking a 310S austenitic alloy pipe with the thickness of 3mm and the diameter of 50mm in a trough type heat collector, polishing by using 80-mesh sand paper, and polishing by using 120-mesh sand paper to obtain a uniform slightly rough surface. And (3) cleaning the substrate by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and naturally air-drying after removing grease. Drying in a drying oven at 100deg.C for 2 hr, and naturally cooling to about 40deg.C.
The spray gun is filled with CuCr as main light absorption component 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 Uniformly stirring for 30min, spraying at a constant speed at a position about 30cm away from the substrate by using a spray gun, wherein the spraying air pressure is 0.20MPa, the spraying speed is 30mm/s, and the spraying is performed for 4 times. And (5) after spraying, placing the mixture into a drying oven, and airing the mixture at 25 ℃ for 24 hours.
Heat-treating the metal substrate after air drying, raising the temperature to 100 ℃ from room temperature for 25min, and keeping the temperature at 100 ℃ for 1h; heating to 250deg.C over 15min, and maintaining at 250deg.C for 3 hr; heating to 450 ℃ for 20min, and keeping at 450 ℃ for 2h; naturally cooling to room temperature.
The adhesion force of the solar coating prepared by the four embodiments is 5B according to national standard test, the absorptivity of the solar coating reaches more than 90%, wherein the absorptivity of the solar coating in the embodiment 3 is 95%, and the solar energy obtained by the coating method has better adhesion force and better absorptivity.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that in the various embodiments described above, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solutions claimed in the claims of the present application can be basically implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the above embodiments. Accordingly, in actual practice, various changes may be made in the form and details of the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method of coating a solar coating, comprising the steps of:
pretreatment: providing a metal substrate, polishing the metal substrate by using low-mesh sand paper, and polishing the metal substrate by using high-mesh sand paper to obtain a metal substrate with a uniform rough surface; the metal base material is a solar heat absorber formed by one or more materials of ferrite, martensite and austenite alloy; in the preprocessing step, the method further comprises the following steps: a cleaning step of cleaning the pretreated metal substrate; a drying and cooling step, namely drying and cooling the cleaned metal base material;
and (3) spraying: providing a high-temperature resistant coating, spraying the high-temperature resistant coating on the rough surface, wherein the light absorption component of the high-temperature resistant coating is spinel type transition metal oxide, and the spinel type transition metal oxide is CoFe 2 O 4 、CuMnCrO 4 Or FeNiCuO 4 The high-temperature-resistant coating also comprises an adhesive, wherein the adhesive is one or more of methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane or methylphenyldichlorosilane; in the spraying step, a spray gun is adopted for spraying, high-temperature resistant paint in the spray gun is uniformly stirred for 20-30 min, the spraying air pressure is 0.05-0.25 MPa, the spraying speed is lower than 50mm/s, and the spray is carried out for a plurality of times at a position within 35cm from the metal base material;
and (3) drying: drying the metal substrate sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant coating;
and (3) heat treatment: gradually heating to different temperature ranges, and respectively placing the metal base material sprayed with the high-temperature-resistant coating in the different temperature ranges for a specified time period for heat treatment to obtain the metal base material with the high-temperature-resistant coating; wherein, the step-up temperature rise to different temperature ranges comprises: in the first stage, the temperature is raised to 100-150 ℃ from room temperature and then is kept for 1-3 hours; a second stage, namely raising the temperature from the first stage to 250-300 ℃ and then preserving the heat for 1-3 h; a third stage, namely raising the temperature from the second stage to 450-550 ℃ and then preserving the heat for 1-3 h; the temperature rising rate is 5-30 ℃/min, and finally the mixture is naturally cooled to room temperature.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the cleaning step, the metal substrate is cleaned with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol or a metal cleaning powder.
3. The method for coating a solar energy coating according to claim 1, wherein in the drying step, the sprayed metal substrate is placed in a drying oven to be dried for 18-24 hours.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ferrite alloy is SUS430, the martensite alloy is T91 or VM12, and the austenite alloy is Super304 or 310S.
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