CN114793999A - Device and method for improving artificial upflow and nutrient salt content - Google Patents
Device and method for improving artificial upflow and nutrient salt content Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793999A CN114793999A CN202210363046.4A CN202210363046A CN114793999A CN 114793999 A CN114793999 A CN 114793999A CN 202210363046 A CN202210363046 A CN 202210363046A CN 114793999 A CN114793999 A CN 114793999A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/065—Heating or cooling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for improving artificial upflow flow and nutrient salt content. According to the invention, a vertical channel for connecting a bottom layer and a euphotic layer water body is formed through a floating cabin, a vertical cylinder and a mooring system; heating water in the vertical channel by using electric energy to form continuous upward flow through a heating section with a controllable circuit loop on the vertical cylinder; the ascending flow lifts the water body with rich nutritive salt in the bottom layer of the water body to the euphotic layer to promote photosynthesis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine ecological engineering, in particular to a device and a method for improving artificial upflow flow and nutrient salt content. In particular to a device and a method which are suitable for a wide water depth range of dozens of meters to hundreds of meters, and utilize the chimney effect of natural convection to generate controllable upwelling with considerable flow velocity and flow rate and rich nutrient salt content.
Background
Under the action of gravity, the nutritive salt in the water body continuously sinks to the bottom layer to form vertical distribution with high concentration of the nutritive salt at the bottom layer and low concentration at the surface layer. The growth and reproduction of photic phytoplankton and macroalgae results in a faster depletion of the nutrient salts in the upper water compared to the bottom layer. Meanwhile, under the irradiation of sunlight, the temperature of the upper water layer is often higher than that of the bottom water layer, the water body belongs to a stable layered system, and the water body has weaker surface layer and bottom layer material exchange capacity, so that the difference between the concentrations of the bottom layer and the surface layer nutrient salts in the water body is further aggravated. The nutritive salt is one of the essential elements for the growth and propagation of phytoplankton and macroalgae in the water body and determines the ecosystem in the water body. In a sea area or a marine product culture area with seriously declining fishery resources, the concentration of nutrient salt in the water body of the euphotic layer is improved, the primary productivity of the water body can be effectively improved, and the culture efficiency of algae and fishery is improved; meanwhile, the carbon sequestration capacity of the water body can be enhanced, and negative discharge of the water body is formed.
Lifting the water body with rich nutritive salt in the bottom layer to the surface layer (also called artificial upwelling) by artificial means is one of the effective ways to improve the primary productivity of the water body. Several solutions are currently available for generating artificial upwelling. One is that the wave drives the cylinder with floating block to do ascending and descending movement, the difference of the liquid level inside and outside the cylinder occurs, the water body in the cylinder always flows out from the upper part of the cylinder through the one-way valve in the cylinder. In this scheme, the upwelling efficiency depends on the wave amplitude and period. And secondly, a large amount of bubbles are generated in the bottom water body to form a bubble curtain to drive the bottom water body to move upwards. According to the scheme, the rising speed of the bubbles is often large, the bubbles and the surrounding water body have large speed difference, and the efficiency of the system for lifting the bottom water body is limited. The common problem of the two schemes is that the eutrophic water body temperature lifted to the surface layer is obviously lower than the surface layer water body temperature, and the eutrophic water body can sink quickly, so that the nutrient salt has short retention time in the euphotic layer and low utilization rate. Thirdly, the salt spring is generated by utilizing the difference of the vertical temperature and the salinity distribution of the seawater, namely, the lowest salinity layer is connected with the surface layer by utilizing a vertical heat conduction pipe, and the temperature of the water body in the circular pipe is consistent with the surrounding seawater outside the circular pipe in the rising process, but the salinity is lower, so that the rising flow is formed under the action of buoyancy. The proposal requires that the salinity of the water body entering the cylinder is lower than that of the upper layer, which has high requirement on the water body layer formation condition and can not take water from the bottom layer with rich nutritive salt. Fourthly, the work medium in a loop formed by the tubules is heated by the photo-thermal effect, the work medium is driven to circulate in the loop, and the water around the tubule loop moves upwards when being heated. In the scheme, the rising water body is from the fluid entrainment outside the loop tubule, and the proportion of the nutrient salt rich water body reaching the euphotic layer from the bottom layer is low; meanwhile, strong momentum energy exchange occurs between the hot fluid and surrounding cold fluid in the rising process of the hot fluid, and the rising distance of the water body rich in nutritive salt is limited. Fifthly, the structure is directly heated by the photo-thermal effect, so that the water around the structure is heated and rises. The heat of the scheme has a limited propagation distance to the underwater, an upper-layer hot and lower-layer cold stable layered structure is generated in a water body, and a large amount of energy is dissipated in an upper-layer turbulent flow.
In conclusion, the existing scheme depends heavily on environmental parameters such as wind fields, sea wave fields, temperature and salt profiles and the like, and stable and controllable upwelling is not easy to form; the proportion of the water body rich in nutritive salt from the bottom layer in the upward flow is low; the rising water mass sinks rapidly, so that the utilization rate of the nutritive salt in photosynthesis is low and the like. More importantly, the scheme is difficult to be applied to the deep water of which the depth is close to one hundred meters or hundreds of meters, and the deep water has more obvious vertical nutrient salt stratification compared with shallow water.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the device for improving the artificial upwelling flow and the content of the nutritive salt, the device can be suitable for a wide water depth range from tens of meters to hundreds of meters, the flow velocity of the generated artificial upwelling flow is large, all the artificial upwelling flow comes from a water body rich in nutritive salt at the bottom layer, and the device is stable and controllable.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an improve artifical upwelling flow and nutritive salt content's device which characterized in that: including vertical section of thick bamboo 3, be equipped with a plurality of rings direction strengthening rib 6 on the section of thick bamboo wall of vertical section of thick bamboo 3, 3 sub-unit connection anchor of vertical section of thick bamboo, buoyancy module 7 is connected on 3 upper portions of vertical section of thick bamboo, is equipped with water heating device in 3 section of thick bamboo walls of vertical section of thick bamboo, and water heating device is connected with the temperature acquisition and the power control device of establishing in buoyancy module 7 outside.
Further, water heating device is heating section 4, and heating section 4 is including setting up insulating and heat-conducting layer 19 on insulating and heat-conducting layer 20 inner wall on the 3 inner walls of vertical section of thick bamboo, and bandlet form heating wire 17 lays inside insulating and heat-conducting layer 20 and not with the contact of 3 inner walls of vertical section of thick bamboo, and heat-conducting and heat-insulating layer 18 is located between bandlet form heating wire 17 and heat-conducting layer 19.
Further, the flat ribbon-shaped heating wire 17 is spirally wound inside the insulating layer and does not contact with the inner wall of the vertical cylinder 3.
Further, the top and the bottom of the vertical cylinder 3 are also provided with reinforcing ribs 5 with anti-blocking filter screens.
Further, the anchoring device comprises a water bottom fixing device 11, the water bottom fixing device 11 is connected with a high-tension automatic falling device 10, and the high-tension automatic falling device 10 is connected with the bottom of the vertical barrel 3 through an anchor chain 9.
Further, the temperature acquisition and power control system comprises a PID temperature controller 25 arranged in the heating control instrument chamber 15 outside the floating cabin 7, the temperature controller 25 is connected with the ribbon-shaped heating wire 17 through a cable in the electric power and signal cable 13, the thermistor 12 is connected with an external device interface 24 through a signal cable in the electric power and signal cable 13, the external device interface 24 is connected with the PID temperature controller 25, and the temperature controller 25 is connected with the external power supply 16; the external power source comprises offshore wind power generation, offshore wave power generation, offshore photovoltaic power generation and shore power.
Further, the thermistors 12 are divided into one or more groups, each group includes a plurality of thermistors 12 respectively arranged in the heat conducting layer 19, at the center of the vertical tube 3 and outside the vertical tube 3, and the plurality of thermistors in each group are located in the same horizontal plane.
Further, a plurality of thermistors 12 in one group are respectively arranged in the heat conducting layer 19 at the top end of the heating section 4, at the center of the vertical barrel 3 and outside the vertical barrel 3, and the plurality of thermistors are positioned in the same horizontal plane.
Further, the vertical cylinder 3 is made of a flexible heat insulating material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the flow rate of artificial upward flow and the content of nutritive salt by using the above device.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving artificial upflow and nutrient salt content is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, placing a vertical cylinder 3 in a water body, fixing the position by utilizing the upward pulling force of a floating cabin 7 and the downward pulling force of an anchoring device, and keeping the vertical cylinder (3) in a vertical or slightly inclined state to establish a vertical channel from the water body rich in nutritive salt at the bottom layer to a light-transmitting layer;
step two, heating the water body in the vertical channel by using a water body heating device, so that the water body in the channel forms continuous upwelling under the action of buoyancy, the upwelling does not exchange mass and momentum with the water body outside the channel, and the upwelling has larger flow velocity and flow so as to lift the water body rich in nutritive salt at the bottom layer to a euphotic layer and can stay in the euphotic layer for a longer time;
and thirdly, monitoring the temperature inside and outside the channel through a temperature acquisition and power control device, and adjusting the power of the heating section (4) to form a chimney effect in the vertical cylinder (3) and realize the adjustment of the upwelling flow.
The invention relates to a device and a method for improving artificial upflow and nutritive salt content, which have the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention is connected with an external power supply through a power supply interface, and the electric power can be from offshore wind power, wave and photovoltaic power generation and shore power; therefore, the method is not limited by environmental parameters such as sea waves, wind fields, temperature and salt profiles and the like in the water area singly, and has wider application range; meanwhile, the fluctuation of the generated energy of the clean energy can be utilized, and the electricity which can not be connected with the Internet can be used. And the transmission loss of the electric energy in the cable is low, so that the system can be suitable for shallow water and also can be suitable for deep water of hundreds of meters.
2) The ascending flow in the vertical cylinder cannot generate mass and momentum exchange with the fluid outside the vertical cylinder along the way, and the heat transfer is not obvious, so that a chimney effect is formed; therefore, the upward flow has a large flow velocity and flow rate.
3) Natural convection boundary layers formed by heating the inner wall of the vertical cylinder are fused at the center of the vertical cylinder, so that all fluid in the whole channel of the vertical cylinder flows upwards, and the flow on each section along the way is equal; therefore, the upward flow to the photic zone is entirely derived from the bottom layer of the water layer rich in nutritive salts, which are rich in nutritive salts.
4) The temperature of the water body which flows out of the vertical cylinder and is diffused in the euphotic layer and is rich in nutritive salt is higher than that of the water body of the euphotic layer or is equivalent to that of the water body of the euphotic layer; therefore, the water mass can stay in the euphotic layer for a long time for the phytoplankton and the macroalgae to be used for photosynthesis instead of sinking rapidly, and the utilization efficiency of the nutritive salt in the upflow is improved.
5) The heating power can be adjusted through a heating control loop formed by the temperature sensor and the PID temperature controller; therefore, the method is beneficial to adjusting the upflow flow velocity and flow according to the temperature of the water body of the euphotic layer and the content of chlorophyll in the water body.
6) The upper end and the lower end of the vertical cylinder of the device are opened and are completely immersed in the water body, and the structural strength and the stability of the vertical cylinder under high pressure of the water body do not need to be considered. Therefore, the vertical cylinder can be made of flexible materials, the occupied space can be reduced by bending and folding, and the vertical cylinder is convenient to transport and install; the vertical cylinder and the heating section can be constructed to be standard length, and the vertical cylinder and the heating section with different sections can be selected for the water depth for head and tail mounting so as to be suitable for different water depths.
Drawings
The invention has the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional overall layout of a device for increasing artificial upflow flux and nutrient salt content in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the side wall structure of the heating section in the apparatus for increasing the artificial upflow and nutritive salt content of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the temperature of the water in the heating section of the apparatus for increasing the flow rate of the artificial upflow and the content of nutritive salts according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the water velocity in the heating section of an apparatus for increasing the artificial upflow rate and nutrient salt content of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the device for increasing artificial upwelling flow and nutrient salt content for increasing a water body rich in nutrient salt at the bottom layer to a euphotic layer;
FIG. 6 is a circuit connection diagram of a power regulating system in a floating cabin and a water temperature information collecting system inside and outside a vertical channel in the device for improving the artificial upflow flow and the content of nutritive salt.
In the figure: 1. a water surface; 2. water bottom; 3. a vertical cylinder; 4. a heating section; 5. the annular reinforcing rib is provided with an anti-blocking filter screen; 6. circumferential reinforcing ribs; 7. a buoyancy chamber; 8. an access door; 9. an anchor chain; 10. a high-tension automatic falling device; 11. a water bottom fixture; 12. a thermistor; 13. power and signal cables; 14. a cable attachment device; 15. heating the control instrument capsule; 16. an external power interface; 17. a flat band-shaped electric heating wire; 18. the heat conducting insulating layer 19, the heat conducting layer 20 and the insulating and heat insulating layer 20; 21. water rich in nutritive salt enters the vertical cylinder from the periphery; 22. a water body rich in nutrient salts and flowing from bottom to top in the vertical cylinder; 23. the water rich in nutrient salt flows and diffuses around the light-transmitting layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1: the vertical cylinder 3 is placed in the water body, and the vertical cylinder 3 can be kept in a vertical or slightly inclined state by utilizing the upward pulling force of the floating cabin 7 and the downward pulling force of the anchoring device, so that a vertical channel from the water body rich in bottom nutritive salt to the euphotic layer is established. The vertical cylinder 3 is formed by mounting a plurality of sections with standard length from head to tail, the number of the sections can be one or more, and the mounting position is provided with a circumferential reinforcing rib 6. The reinforcing ribs can be arranged inside the vertical shaft 3 or outside the vertical shaft 3.
By means of the circumferential reinforcement ribs 6, the vertical channel consisting of the vertical cylinder 3 and the heating section 4 can maintain a fixed cross-sectional shape. The cross-sectional shape of the vertical channel may be circular or other shapes. The number of the heating sections 4 can be one, or a plurality of heating sections can be mounted end to end, and the heating sections can cover the whole vertical cylinder or only cover part of the length. And annular reinforcing ribs 5 with anti-blocking filter screens are arranged above and below the vertical channel respectively.
The bottom of the vertical cylinder 3 is connected with a water bottom fixing device 11 through an anchor chain 9. The number of the underwater fixing devices 11 may be one or more, and may be an anchor or a concrete block with a bottom. A high-tension automatic falling device 10 is arranged between the anchor chain 9 and the underwater fixing device 11, so that the vertical cylinder 3 or the heating section 4 is prevented from being torn when tension is too large. The upper end of the vertical cylinder 3 is connected with the buoyancy module 7 through an anchor chain 9. Under the tension of the upper end and the lower end anchor chains 9, the vertical channel keeps a vertical or slightly inclined state under the wave flow condition, so that the lower end of the vertical channel is close to the water bottom 2 and is positioned in the bottom water body rich in nutrient salts; the upper end is close to the free surface 1 and is positioned in the light-transmitting layer of the water body. The number of the floating cabins 7 can be one or more, and the floating cabins can float on the water surface or can be in potential water. The mooring point between the anchor chain 9 and the vertical cylinder 3 may be arranged at the side of the vertical cylinder 3, or at the upper or lower end of the vertical cylinder 3.
A signal cable in the power and signal cable 13 is connected with the thermistor 12; the electrical cables in the power and signal cable 13 are connected to flat ribbon heater wires 17 at the upper and lower ends of the heating section 4. The thermistor 12 monitors the water temperature in the center of the vertical channel, at the wall and outside the vertical channel. The number of thermistors 12 per monitoring bit may be one or more. The thermistors 12 on the cross section of the vertical cylinder circumference form a group, and a plurality of groups can be arranged on different cross sections inside and outside the vertical channel. The power and signal cable 13 is fixed to the vertical shaft 3 and the buoyancy chamber 7 by cable attachment means, and is connected to the heating control instrument chamber 15. An external power source is connected to the heating control instrument chamber 15 through an external power interface 16 and a power and signal cable 13.
The heat quantity entering the water body through heat conduction is determined by the product of the temperature difference between the electric heating wire and the water body and the heating area. As shown in fig. 2, the flat ribbon-shaped heating wire 17 is spirally wound inside the heating section 4 to fully enlarge the heating area and avoid the potential influence of the excessive temperature difference on the environment. Meanwhile, the heating area is fully enlarged, so that the heat required by the water body with rich nutrition can be extracted from a water layer with hundred meters or even deeper. The spiral pitch of the flat ribbon-shaped electric heating wire 7 which is spirally arranged is 4-7 times the width of the flat ribbon-shaped electric heating wire 7. Meanwhile, the spiral heating wires can also play a role in bearing steel wires in the traditional corrugated pipe, so that the cross section shape of the vertical cylinder 3 can be kept relatively fixed.
The heating section 4 is composed of a flat ribbon-shaped heating wire 17, a heat conducting insulating layer 18, a heat conducting layer 19 and an insulating layer 20. The upper end and the lower end of the heating section of the flat ribbon-shaped electric heating wire 17 are respectively provided with a connector which is connected with a cable in the power and signal cable 13, so that a controllable loop is formed with the heating control instrument cabin 15, and the electric energy is converted into heat to heat the water body in the channel. A heat conducting insulation layer 18 is arranged between the heat conducting layer 19 and the flat ribbon-shaped heating wire 17, and an insulation layer 20 is arranged outside the flat ribbon-shaped heating wire 17. Therefore, the inner surface of the whole heating section plays a heating role. The whole heating section 4 is arranged in the vertical cylinder 3. A thermistor 12 is disposed between the thermally conductive insulating layer 18 and the thermally conductive layer 19 at the end of the heating section. The heat conducting and insulating layer 18, the heat conducting layer 19 and the insulating and heat insulating layer 20 can be all channels which are distributed in the whole heating section 4, and can also be spiral type, and only cover the area heated by the flat ribbon-shaped heating wire 17.
As shown in fig. 3, the water in the heating section 4 is heated to a high temperature. In the inlet section, the heated water is concentrated in a thermal boundary layer which is thinner and close to the wall surface; the thickness of the thermal boundary layer gradually increases upwards along the channel; by the outlet section, the body of water in the centre of the vertical shaft 3 is already heated.
As shown in fig. 4, the heated water in the heating section 4 flows upward under the effect of buoyancy. The velocity of the outlet section increases and then decreases from the wall surface to the center. Because the fluid in the center of the channel is also already heated, the fluid in the center of the channel also has a greater velocity of upward flow. Under the suction effect of the outlet section, the water body at the inlet section has uniform velocity distribution, and the velocity is gradually reduced to zero only in the thin layer close to the wall surface.
As shown in fig. 5, under the action of buoyancy, the water body 21 rich in nutritive salt at the bottom layer enters the vertical cylinder 3 from the periphery of the lower end of the vertical cylinder 3, is heated at the heating section 4 of the vertical cylinder 3, and flows upwards. The water body 21 rich in nutritive salt at the bottom layer continuously flows from bottom to top along the vertical channel surrounded by the vertical cylinder 3 to a light-transmitting layer close to the free surface 1, and a water body 23 rich in nutritive salt flowing and diffusing around the light-transmitting layer is formed. The temperature of the water body 23 which flows and diffuses to the periphery of the light-transmitting layer and is rich in nutritive salt is higher than that of the water body of the light-transmitting layer or is equivalent to that of the water body of the light-transmitting layer, and the water mass can stay in the light-transmitting layer for a long time for the phytoplankton and the macroalgae to be used for photosynthesis. The purposes of promoting the primary productivity of the water body, improving the cultivation efficiency of algae and fishery and enhancing the carbon sink capacity of the water body are achieved. The water body 22 which flows from bottom to top in the vertical cylinder and is rich in nutrient salts does not exchange mass and momentum with the water body outside the vertical cylinder 3, heat transfer is not obvious, and a chimney effect is formed, so that the upflow has larger flow velocity and flow.
Theoretical studies indicate that the temperature and velocity profile of the fluid in the heating vertical circular channel is mainly controlled by three dimensionless parameters, namely Rayleigh number Ra based on heat flux, length-to-radius ratio A of the heating section and Prandtl number Pr of the fluid. The Pr of the seawater in the same place and in the same season is relatively fixed. Thus, to achieve the function shown in fig. 5 with high efficiency, a maximum Ra exists for the channel flow shown in fig. 3-4 to occur in the body of water. That is, the heating power is not as large as possible, and Ra based on heat flux should be smaller than aA β Where α and β are constants that depend on the local seawater Pr number. When Ra ═ alpha A β The temperature of the fluid in the center of the upper end of the heating section 4 is comparable to the temperature of the heat conducting layer 19 on the wall.
Therefore, as shown in fig. 6, the thermistor 12 collects the water body temperatures of the heat conduction layer 19 at the upper end of the heating section 4, the center of the vertical cylinder 3 and the outside, inputs the implementation temperature value into the PID temperature controller 25, and simultaneously displays the implementation temperature value on an external computer through the external device interface 24. After the device is arranged, the heating power is increased in a stepwise manner, and for each heating power, the water body temperature in the heat conduction layer 19 at the upper end of the stable rear heating section 4, in the center of the vertical cylinder 3 and outside the heat conduction layer is monitored. When the central temperature of the vertical cylinder 3 is equal to 0.9 time of the temperature value in the heat conduction layer 19 at the upper end of the heating section 4, the heating power at the moment is recorded as the optimal heating power, and the temperature difference value between the center of the vertical cylinder 3 and the water outside the vertical cylinder 3 is the target temperature difference. The optimal heating power is the rated power of the device and can be referred to by a power supplier. And setting the target temperature difference value and the overheating protection threshold value on an external computer. The PID temperature controller 25 automatically adjusts the heating power of the power supply to the flat ribbon-shaped heating wire 17 according to the actual temperature difference value and the target temperature difference value of the water body inside and outside the vertical cylinder 3, so that the actual temperature difference value is stabilized near the target temperature difference value. Meanwhile, the PID temperature controller 25 monitors the temperature value in the heat conduction layer 19 at the tail end of the heating section, and when the temperature is higher than a set overheat protection threshold value, an overheat power-off measure is taken to ensure the circuit safety of the equipment.
From the analysis, the invention can form a vertical channel for connecting the bottom layer and the euphotic layer water body through the floating cabin, the vertical cylinder and the mooring system; the water in the vertical channel is heated by electric energy through a heating section with a controllable circuit loop on the vertical cylinder to form a chimney effect, and artificial upwelling with objective flow velocity and flow rate is generated; the artificial upwelling lifts the water body with rich nutritive salt at the bottom layer of the water body to the euphotic layer, and the photosynthesis is promoted.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an improve artifical upwelling flow and nutritive salt content's device which characterized in that: the device comprises a vertical barrel (3), wherein a plurality of circumferential reinforcing ribs (6) are arranged on the barrel wall of the vertical barrel (3), the lower part of the vertical barrel (3) is connected with an anchoring device, the upper part of the vertical barrel (3) is connected with a floating cabin (7), a water body heating device is arranged in the barrel wall of the vertical barrel (3), and the water body heating device is connected with a temperature acquisition and power control device arranged outside the floating cabin (7).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the artificial upflow and nutrient salt content is increased by: the water heating device is a heating section (4), the heating section (4) comprises an insulating layer (20) arranged on the inner wall of the vertical cylinder (3) and a heat conduction layer (19) arranged on the inner wall of the insulating layer (20), the bandlet-shaped heating wire (17) is arranged inside the insulating layer (20) and is not in contact with the inner wall of the vertical cylinder (3), and the heat conduction insulation layer (18) is located between the bandlet-shaped heating wire (17) and the heat conduction layer (19).
3. The apparatus for increasing artificial upflow and nutrient salt content of claim 2, wherein: the flat ribbon-shaped electric heating wire (17) is spirally wound inside the insulating layer and is not contacted with the inner wall of the vertical cylinder (3).
4. The apparatus for increasing artificial upflow and nutrient salt content of claim 2, wherein: the top and the bottom of the vertical cylinder (3) are also provided with reinforcing ribs (5) with anti-blocking filter screens.
5. The apparatus for increasing artificial upflow and nutrient salt content of claim 2, wherein: the anchoring device comprises a water bottom fixing device (11), the water bottom fixing device (11) is connected with a high-tension automatic falling device (10), and the high-tension automatic falling device (10) is connected with the bottom of the vertical barrel (3) through an anchor chain (9).
6. The apparatus for increasing artificial upflow and nutrient salt content of claim 2, wherein: the temperature acquisition and power control system comprises a PID temperature controller (25) arranged in a heating control instrument bin (15) outside the floating cabin (7), the temperature controller (25) is connected with a flat ribbon-shaped heating wire (17) through a cable in an electric power and signal cable (13), a thermistor (12) is connected with an external equipment interface (24) through a signal cable in the electric power and signal cable (13), the external equipment interface (24) is connected with the PID temperature controller (25), and the temperature controller (25) is connected with an external power supply (16); the external power source comprises offshore wind power generation, offshore wave power generation, offshore photovoltaic power generation and shore power.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the artificial upflow and nutrient salt content is increased by: the thermistor (12) is one or more groups, each group comprises a plurality of thermistors (12) which are respectively arranged in the heat conduction layer (19), at the central position of the vertical cylinder (3) and outside the vertical cylinder (3), and the plurality of thermistors in each group are positioned in the same horizontal plane.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the apparatus comprises: a plurality of thermistors (12) in one group are respectively arranged in a heat conduction layer (19) at the top end of the heating section (4), at the center of the vertical cylinder (3) and outside the vertical cylinder (3), and the plurality of thermistors are positioned in the same horizontal plane.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the artificial upflow and nutrient salt content is increased by: all devices can be arranged below the water surface; the vertical cylinder (3) is made of flexible heat insulation material.
10. A method for increasing artificial upflow and nutrient salt content using the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a vertical cylinder (3) is placed in a water body, the position is fixed by utilizing the upward pulling force of a floating cabin (7) and the downward pulling force of an anchoring device, the vertical cylinder (3) can be kept in a vertical or slightly inclined state, and a vertical channel from the water body rich in nutritive salt at the bottom layer to a light-transmitting layer is established;
step two, heating the water body in the vertical channel by using a water body heating device, so that the water body in the channel forms continuous upwelling under the action of buoyancy, the upwelling does not exchange mass and momentum with the water body outside the channel, and the upwelling has larger flow velocity and flow so as to lift the water body rich in nutritive salt at the bottom layer to a euphotic layer and can stay in the euphotic layer for a longer time;
and thirdly, monitoring the temperature inside and outside the channel through a temperature acquisition and power control device, and adjusting the power of the heating section (4) to form a chimney effect in the vertical cylinder (3) and realize the adjustment of the upwelling flow.
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| AU5333079A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1981-06-04 | Barney Girden | Thermal sea power |
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Application publication date: 20220729 |