CN114793727A

CN114793727A - Directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence, mangrove hypocotyl capturing and planting device and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114793727A
Application number: CN202110089347.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩庆杰; 屈建军; 柳本立; 俎瑞平; 谢胜波
Original assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou
Current assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou
Priority date: 2021-01-22
Filing date: 2021-01-22
Publication date: 2022-07-29
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-22
Also published as: CN114793727B

Abstract

The invention discloses a directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, a mangrove stock shaft capturing and planting device and application thereof. The directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence comprises a plurality of vertically arranged support rods, a plurality of wire-shaped intercepting net brushes, a plurality of net brush backing rods and the like. The directional open-close type brush-shaped fence provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the mangrove embryonic axis capturing and planting device formed by matching the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence with the embryonic axis dragging and hanging fixing net can efficiently capture the mangrove embryonic axis, the mangrove embryonic axis can be naturally planted and grown, further, the method for establishing the mangrove by utilizing the device to implement the near-nature beach is suitable for constructing the near-nature mangrove on sandy beach, gravel beach and sediment bottom beach, the construction and maintenance cost is low, the community composition of the formed near-nature mangrove ecological system is completely close to the natural state, the population diversity is rich, and the community adaptability, stability and stress resistance are excellent.

Description

Directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence, mangrove hypocotyl capturing and planting device and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for building a mangrove forest in a beach near nature, in particular to a directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, a mangrove forest hypocotyl capturing and planting device and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of coastal ecological environment treatment.

Background

Mangrove (Mangroves) are woody plant communities naturally distributed in the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical coast, are unique and very important coastal marginal ecosystems different from terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, and play an irreplaceable role in global ecosystems. The mangrove forest is a precious germplasm resource and has immeasurable value in resisting tide, protecting coast, purifying sea water environment, promoting ecological balance, improving the living standard of coast people and the like. The mangrove forest is recovered and developed vigorously, and the mangrove forest has profound strategic significance for improving the ecological environment of coastal areas (coast and island) and promoting the sustainable development of economy.

Wave energy is the main factor controlling the longitudinal distribution pattern of mangrove plants along the coast. The mangrove forest can only be distributed in a well-shielded harbour, estuary, lake water area, the leeward side of a coast sand dam or island, the rear edge of a coral reef, a shoreline parallel to the dominant wind direction and the like, but can not be distributed in an open coast under the action of strong waves, mainly because the strong wave action not only hinders the sediment deposition favorable for the growth of the mangrove forest, but also directly hinders the implantation and planting process of embryo hypocotyl of the mangrove forest and the growth of seedlings. It is known that the only necessary environmental conditions for controlling the growth of mangrove forest are the protected tropical coast free from strong waves, even the steep rock bank of tidal flat of only tens of meters, which may lead to the growth of mangrove forest, although the development degree of mangrove forest is significantly influenced by the topography of the coast. Research on coasts of the mangrove forest in northwest junqiong in the 20 th century and 60 th era of China has found that the mangrove forest can grow on coasts of various substrates, and the tidal flats of silt are the most common and the best in growth, but can also grow on sand, basalt iron pan layers and even boulder tidal flats. For example, Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina are more suitable for sandy soils with lower nutrient content. Therefore, in the natural environment, some hard bottom tidal beaches which are less influenced by waves have the basic conditions for the growth of natural native mangrove forest species.

In the past, people have made a lot of researches on artificial restoration of mangrove forest, but the researches mainly focus on silt beaches in gulf or estuary, and only relate to simple artificial seedling raising and artificial introduction afforestation technologies of different mangrove varieties. The muddy beach of the bay or river mouth has weak wind wave erosion force, the soil is in a silted state, is soft and rich in nutrients, is a natural distribution area of the mangrove forest and is suitable for the growth of the mangrove forest, so the natural environment of the beach does not need to be modified (for example, wave dissipation, soil improvement and the like) in the restoration of the mangrove forest. Compared with muddy beaches in gulf or estuary, open sandy beaches have a very low survival rate of mangrove forest due to the adverse factors of strong wind waves, tidal action, hard sand beds, fluctuating elevation of sand surface and lack of nutrients. The main reason is that the hypocotyls of mangrove forest which float with the sea water under natural conditions are difficult to plant and grow into seedlings. Therefore, the key to naturally establish mangrove forest in sandy beach is to realize the implantation and planting growth of embryonic axis.

There are few techniques for establishing mangrove forest on sandy beach, and there are some problems in the application of these techniques. For example, the existing mangrove forest planting technology has high site selection conditions and has requirements on beach bottom materials and wind waves. The planting place is only suitable for soft bottom mud beaches, but can not be planted on beaches with sand, gravel and sediment. The plants can not be planted in an open or open bank section (windward side) which is strongly influenced by waves and is vertical to sea surface dominant wind; secondly, most of the planted mangroves are pure forests (single or a few), the wind wave resistance of various specific root systems and branches of the mangroves is not fully exerted, and the diversity and the disease and insect resistance of the mangroves are reduced. In addition, the popularization and the application are influenced by overhigh construction cost of a large amount of engineering construction.

Successful implantation and field planting growth of mangrove hypocotyls are of great significance to natural restoration of mangroves and maintenance of mangrove ecosystem. As the local mangrove species of the peripheral islands, the embryonic axis of the local mangrove species naturally floats to the intertidal zone sand beach through stormy waves, tides and ocean currents, if the land can be planted, planted and grown smoothly, the species structure, the stress resistance, the diversity, the stability and the like after the forestation are all superior to the artificial mangrove species.

Although open beach is one of the most widely distributed beach types in the coast, the hard sea bed, such as sand, gravel, sand substrate tidal flats, has become a weak area for mangrove forest recovery and reconstruction, both in natural and artificial states. In addition, in China, important projects such as harbors, national defense facilities and the like are distributed on open beaches of a plurality of coasts and islands, and the development and construction pace is very fast when the open beach mangrove forest is used as the beach of a gold coast, but the recovery and establishment technology of the open beach mangrove forest is still few at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, a mangrove hypocotyl capturing and planting device and application thereof, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:

some embodiments of the present invention provide a directional opening and closing brush fence distributed in an intertidal zone and disposed parallel to a shoreline; the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence comprises a plurality of vertically arranged support rods, a plurality of wire-shaped intercepting net brushes and a plurality of net brush backing rods; each supporting rod is fixedly provided with a filamentous intercepting net brush, the filamentous intercepting net brush comprises a plurality of wire bundles distributed along the length direction of the supporting rod, two ends of each wire bundle extend towards two sides of the supporting rod, any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes are arranged in parallel and partially overlapped, and a vertical net brush leaning rod is further arranged at the overlapped part of any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes and towards the sea side; when waves in the shoreside direction impact the directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence, two ends of each wire bundle bend in the shoreside direction, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes are separated from each other, and mangrove forest embryonic axes (hereinafter referred to as embryonic axes) carried by the waves can pass through the directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence.

Some embodiments of the present invention further provide a mangrove stock axis capturing and planting device, which includes: the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence and the embryonic axis are used for dragging the fixed net; the hypocotyl dragging and fixing net is arranged between the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence and the coast, the hypocotyl dragging and fixing net comprises a nylon net which is horizontally laid, the nylon net is fixed on a silt layer through a plurality of fixing drill rods, the nylon net is in a semi-floating state close to the surface of the sea bed when the nylon net is immersed by seawater, and the distance between the nylon net and the surface of the silt layer after ebb tide meets the requirement that one end of the hypocotyl of the mangrove forest captured by the nylon net is in full contact with the silt layer.

Further, the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net is tightly adhered to the bottom of the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence to be paved.

Some embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for building mangrove forest near nature on a beach, which comprises:

building an artificial muddy mudflat in a strip-shaped area which is 20-100 m away from the highest tide level line in an intertidal zone;

laying the mangrove forest hypocotyl capturing and planting device on the muddy beach;

the mangrove embryo axis capturing and planting device captures mangrove embryo axis conveyed by tide or ocean current, and the mangrove embryo axis wound and fixed in the mesh of the embryo axis dragging and fixing net after the tide is removed is fully contacted with the sludge bottom bed, so that the mangrove embryo axis is implanted and planted and grows.

Compared with the prior art, the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the mangrove embryonic axis capturing and planting device formed by matching the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence with the embryonic axis dragging and hanging fixing net can effectively capture the embryonic axis of the mangrove, and the embryonic axis of the mangrove can be naturally planted and grown, further, the method for establishing the mangrove by utilizing the near nature implemented by the device is suitable for constructing the near nature mangrove on sandy beach, gravel and sediment, the construction and maintenance cost is low, the community composition of the formed near nature mangrove ecosystem is completely close to the nature state, the population diversity is rich, and the adaptability, the stability and the stress resistance of the community are excellent.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly process of a brush-shaped barrier of an open/close orientation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of an open/close directional brush fence in a closed position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of an open/close oriented brush fence according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a side view of a brush-like barrier in a closed position in an open orientation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side view of an open/close oriented brush barrier in an open position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of an embryonic axis-pulling holding net in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a side view of an embryonic axis-towing attachment net in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

description of reference numerals: 1-support rod, 2-filament-shaped interception net brush, 3-net brush leaning rod, 4-support rod connecting device, 5-sea bed surface, 6-highest tide level line, 7-bank inclination angle, 8-nylon net and 9-fixing drill rod.

Detailed Description

One aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a directional opening and closing brush fence distributed in an intertidal zone and disposed parallel to a coastline; the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence comprises a plurality of vertically arranged support rods, a plurality of wire-shaped intercepting net brushes and a plurality of net brush backing rods; each supporting rod is fixedly provided with a filamentous intercepting net brush, the filamentous intercepting net brush comprises a plurality of wire bundles distributed along the length direction of the supporting rod, two ends of each wire bundle extend towards two sides of the supporting rod, any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes are arranged in parallel and partially overlapped, and a vertical net brush leaning rod is further arranged at the overlapped part of any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes and towards the sea side; when waves in the shore direction impact the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, two ends of each wire bundle bend in the shore direction, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes are separated from each other (namely, the opening and closing openings are opened), and mangrove stock shafts (hereinafter referred to as the "stock shafts") carried by the waves can pass through the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, and when waves in the sea direction impact the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, two ends of each wire bundle are blocked by the corresponding net brush leaning rods, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes are kept in an overlapped state (namely, the opening and closing openings are closed), and the mangrove stock shafts carried by the waves are blocked from passing through the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence.

In some embodiments, the directionally open and closed brush fences are distributed in a banded region located within the intertidal zone and 20m-100m from the highest tide line.

In some embodiments, the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence is integrally inclined to the coast direction at an inclination angle of 70-80 °.

In some embodiments, 2-4 of said directionally opening and closing brush fences are provided in said intertidal zone. Further, the distance between two adjacent directional open-close brush-shaped fences is 10-30m

In some embodiments, the support rod is embedded in the beach at the lower part, and the top part is bent towards the coast and forms an inclination angle of 70-80 degrees with the surface of the sea bed.

In some embodiments, the support rod has a length of 1.5m to 3.0m, a diameter of 30mm to 40mm, and an exposed beach height of 0.8m to 2.3 m.

In some embodiments, the height at which each support bar is exposed to the beach decreases in the direction from the sea to the coast.

In some embodiments, the support rod comprises a galvanized steel tube.

In some embodiments, the bundle of filaments has a diameter of 10 to 20mm and a length of 20 to 30 cm.

In some embodiments, the bundle is composed of a plurality of filaments of PE material, the filaments of PE having a diameter of 1-2mm and a length of 20-30 cm.

In some embodiments, the distance between adjacent wire bundles on the same support rod is 10-20 mm.

In some embodiments, the length of each bundle extending from both ends to both sides of the support rod is 10-15 cm.

In some embodiments, the length of the overlapping portion of any two adjacent wire-like intercepting net brushes is 4-6 cm.

In some embodiments, the bundle includes a plurality of filaments that radially pass through the support rod, and the plurality of filaments are secured to the support rod by cement grout that is poured into the lumen of the support rod.

In some embodiments, the net brush is buried in the beach by the lower part of the rod, and the top part is bent towards the coast and forms an inclination angle of 70-80 degrees with the surface of the sea bed.

In some embodiments, the mesh brush rest has a length of 1.5m to 3.0m, a diameter of 20mm to 30mm, and an exposed beach height of 0.8m to 2.3 m.

In some embodiments, the height at which each net brush is exposed to the beach from the sea to the coast gradually decreases.

In some embodiments, the mesh wiper rod comprises a galvanized steel tube.

In some embodiments, the plurality of support bars and the plurality of net wiper bars are further connected to each other via a plurality of connecting bars to form a single body.

Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a mangrove stock shaft capturing and planting device, including: the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence and the embryonic axis are used for dragging the fixed net;

the hypocotyl dragging and fixing net is arranged between the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence and the coast, the hypocotyl dragging and fixing net comprises a nylon net which is horizontally laid, the nylon net is fixed on a silt layer through a plurality of fixing drill rods, the nylon net is in a semi-floating state close to the surface of the sea bed when being immersed by seawater, and the distance between the nylon net and the surface of the silt layer after ebb tide meets the requirement that one end of the hypocotyl of the mangrove forest captured by the nylon net is in full contact with the silt layer.

In some embodiments, the distance between adjacent fixing pins is 50 to 100 cm.

In some embodiments, the nylon mesh is made of a band of PE nylon filaments having a width of 3-10mm and a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm.

In some embodiments, the nylon mesh has 4-6cm of perforation sides.

In some embodiments, the eyelet shape of the nylon mesh includes, but is not limited to, a square.

In some embodiments, the mangrove embryonic axis is elongated and has a length of 10-30 cm.

In some embodiments, the embryonic axis-towing attachment net is laid against the bottom of the directional open-close brush fence.

Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for building mangrove forest near nature on a beach, which includes:

building an artificial muddy beach in a belt-shaped area which is 20-100 m away from the highest tide level line in an intertidal zone;

In some embodiments, the method for building mangrove forest near nature on sandy beach specifically comprises: and during the ebb tide, pit-shaped soil replacement is carried out in the strip-shaped area, the replaced soil comprises muddy soil in a shrimp pond or a fish pond or natural soil of muddy mud flat, soil pits formed after soil replacement are arranged in a strip shape and parallel to a coastal zone, and after the soil replacement, artificial muddy mud flat is formed after the soil is soaked in tide for 2-3 days.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention effectively solves the key problem of building a mangrove forest in the near-nature sand beach (namely, how to carry the embryonic axis to the open sand beach along with the tide and fix-planting the embryonic axis to take root in the environment with poor substrate condition and strong wind and wave tide), is suitable for sandy, gravel and sediment beaches, particularly provides a feasible scheme for building the mangrove forest on sandy coasts, and has important practical significance for promoting the sustainable development of sandy coast ecosystems.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

The embodiment firstly provides a device for promoting implantation and planting of mangrove embryonic axis (hereinafter abbreviated as embryonic axis), which comprises a directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence and an embryonic axis dragging and fixing net. The structure and arrangement thereof will be described in detail as follows.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in the present embodiment, the brush-shaped fence of the directional opening and closing type includes a plurality of metal support rods 1 with curved upper portions, a wire-shaped intercepting net brush 2 fixed on the support rods, a net brush backup rod 3, and a connecting rod 4 for connecting the support rods and the net brush backup rod. The directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence can be defined as a net brush-shaped fence for intercepting embryonic axis in a one-way mode or a one-way filamentous intercepting net brush for short. The directionally opening and closing brush-like barrier may be deployed in a banded region within the intertidal zone from 20m to 100m from the highest tide line. And 2-4 directional open-close type brush-shaped fences can be arranged in the strip-shaped area in an inclined, linear and parallel direction to the coastline direction, and the inclination angle of each fence to the coast is 70-80 degrees so as to relieve the impact of waves in the ashore direction. The bending direction of each fence faces to the coast, so that embryonic axis naturally conveyed to a beach intertidal zone by tidal current can be blocked, and the embryonic axis is blocked at the shoreside side of each fence when the tide falls, so that the fences are implanted and planted for growth.

Referring to fig. 1, the wire-shaped intercepting net brush 2 may be fixedly connected to the metal support rod 1, and then connected to the net brush backing rod 3, the connecting rod 4, etc. to form the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence.

Wherein, each support rod 1 can be made of galvanized steel pipes, the height is 1.5m-3.0m, the diameter is 30mm-40mm, the depth of the support rod embedded in the beach is more than 0.7m, and the height of the support rod exposed out of the beach is 0.8m-2.3 m. The height of each support rod 1 exposed from the beach gradually decreases from the sea to the shore (direction indicated by arrow in fig. 2). The top of each support rod 1 is bent to a certain degree, the bending direction faces to the coast when the support rods are arranged, and the support rods and the sea bed surface have an inclination angle of 70-80 degrees.

Each wire-shaped intercepting net brush 2 can comprise a plurality of wire bundles, and each wire bundle can be composed of a plurality of PE (polyethylene) filaments. Each bundle of wires may be passed through the support rod 1 and then grouted with cement paste or other adhesives, etc. within the support rod 1, thereby fixing the bundle of wires to the support rod. The diameter of each PE filament is 1-2mm, and the length is 20-30 cm. The diameter of each silk bundle is 10-20mm, and the length is 20-30 cm. The distance between adjacent wire bundles on the same support rod 1 is 10-20 mm. And the lengths of the wire bundles extending on the left side and the right side of the supporting rod are equal, and the length of each side is 10-15 cm. The plurality of the filamentous intercepting net brushes 2 are arranged side by side, wherein an opening and closing opening is formed between every two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes 2, and the length of a superposition area between every two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes 2 is 4-6 cm.

Wherein, each net brush leaning rod 3 is arranged on the sea side of the filiform intercepting net brushes 2 and is positioned in the middle position of two adjacent supporting rods 1 (namely, the central position of the overlapping area between two adjacent filiform intercepting net brushes 2). When waves towards the shore are patted on the filamentous intercepting net brushes 2, two ends of the filamentous intercepting net brushes 2 bend towards the shore, two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes 2 are separated from each other, the opening and closing port is opened naturally, the embryonic axis of the mangrove forest passes through the filamentous intercepting net brushes 2, when waves towards the sea are patted on the filamentous intercepting net brushes 2, the two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes 2 keep an overlapped state due to the blocking of the net brush leaning rod 3, the opening and closing port is closed automatically, the embryonic axis is blocked from floating into the sea, and therefore the one-way passing function of opening towards the shore and closing towards the sea is achieved.

Each net brush leaning rod 3 can be made of galvanized steel pipes, the height is 1.5m-3.0m, the diameter is 20mm-30mm, the depth of the net brush leaning rod buried in the mudflat is more than 0.7m, and the height of the net brush leaning rod exposed out of the mudflat is 0.8m-2.3 m. From the seagoing direction, the height of each net brush leaning on the rod 3 exposed out of the beach is gradually reduced. The top of each net brush leaning rod 3 is bent to a certain degree, the bending direction faces to the coast when the net brushes are arranged, and the net brushes and the surface of the sea bed have an inclination angle of 70-80 degrees.

The connecting rods 4 serve to connect the supporting rods 1 and the net brushing backup rods 3 to form a whole, and the connecting rods 4, the supporting rods 1 and the net brushing backup rods 3 can be connected together through a connecting mechanism such as a cross pipe clamp, but the connecting mechanism is not limited to this.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 6-7, the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net can be made of a nylon net 8, which can be made of a nylon ribbon of PE, the nylon ribbon has a width of 3-10mm and a thickness of 0.1-0.2mm, the eyelets are square (or other shapes), and the side length of the eyelets is 4-6 cm. The embryonic axis dragging and fixing net can be fixed on a silt layer by fixing brazes 9, and the distance between every two adjacent fixing brazes is 50-100 cm. The nylon net is in a semi-floating state close to the surface of the sea bed at the bottom of the water, when the embryonic axis floats above the net, a long-strip embryonic axis with the length of 10-30cm is easily hung in the net hole, after the tide is subsided, the embryonic axis is fixed between the nylon net and the surface of the sludge, and after a relative stabilization period of several days, the embryonic axis can take roots and germinate, and the nidation growth is successful. In the period, the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence and the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net can also eliminate waves and shade for the embryonic axis, promote sediment deposition and stabilize the silt surface, and improve the success rate of implantation.

The mangrove forest can be established by utilizing the mangrove forest hypocotyl capturing and planting device of the embodiment. For example, the embodiment also provides a method for building mangrove forest near nature on a beach. The method can comprise the following steps: 1) determining the position and the elevation of an area, 2) building a muddy mud flat, 3) arranging a directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence and a embryonic axis dragging and fixing net, and 4) intercepting, fixing and implanting the embryonic axis. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

1) area location and elevation determination

The location is selected from the harbour, estuary, lake waters, leeward side of a coastal sand dam or island, the trailing edge of a coral reef, a sandy shoreline parallel to the prevailing wind direction, and the like. Mangrove research at home and abroad considers that mangrove is mainly distributed on tidal flat surface between the level sea level and the return tide average high tide level (equivalent to the normal semi-daily tide type high tide average high tide level). The elevation of the beach surface needs to be above the average sea level and stable to a certain degree. Generally, the width of the mangrove forest is about 40m-150m, so the embodiment selects a strip-shaped beach area with the distance between intertidal zones being 20m-100m from the highest tide line to establish the mangrove forest, and ensures that the mangrove forest is above the average sea level according to the actual situation of the local coast terrain.

2) Construction of mud flat

Since mangrove forest grows first following the coast siltation process, faster coast siltation is promoted once it has grown, rather than first growing the mangrove forest and then beginning the coast siltation process. In order to promote the smooth implantation of the embryonic axis, the natural habitat of the mangrove forest is considered as a muddy beach, and rectangular pit-shaped soil replacement is firstly carried out. The specification of the soil pit is 100 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 1.5m (length multiplied by width multiplied by depth), the soil is mucky soil of a shrimp pool or a fish pool or natural soil of a mucky mud flat, and a loader is adopted for construction when the tide is removed. The soil pits are arranged in parallel with the coastal zone in a strip shape, 2 to 4 tracks can be arranged in parallel, the distance between every two adjacent tracks is 10 to 30m, and the specific number of tracks can be determined according to the width of the local intertidal zone. After the soil is changed and the tide is soaked for 2-3 days, a rectangular artificial muddy mud flat is formed, and the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence and the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net can be arranged on the surface of the muddy bed.

3) Directional open-close type brush-shaped fence and embryonic axis dragging and fixing net layout

The directional opening-closing type brush-shaped fence and the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net are arranged on the artificial muddy beach coating, on one hand, the seawaves are prevented from scattering the muddy, on the other hand, the embryonic axis is prevented from moving, the embryonic axis which is wound and fixed is stopped on the muddy surface and fully contacted with the muddy, and the nidation planting and the seedling growth of the embryonic axis are facilitated.

The specific laying method is that 2-4 directional open-close type brush-shaped fences are obliquely laid in a strip-shaped beach which is 20-100 m away from the highest tide line in an intertidal zone and is parallel to the coastline direction, the inclination angle of each fence is 70-80 degrees so as to slow down the impact of waves in the ashore direction. Each fence is arranged on the seaward side of the rectangular artificial muddy mud beach at a position 0.5-1m away from the edge, and the top of the fence is bent towards the coast. And (3) blocking the embryonic axis naturally conveyed to the beach intertidal zone by tidal current, and blocking the embryonic axis at the coast side of the fence when the tide falls so as to enable the embryonic axis to be implanted and planted for growth.

The embryonic axis dragging and fixing net is fixed on the silt bed surface by the fixing drill rod in the arrangement mode as described above.

4) The embryonic axis is intercepted and fixed and the implantation and planting process thereof

After the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence and the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net are arranged, mangrove embryo embryonic axis conveyed by tides and ocean currents are blocked on one side of the bank by the unidirectional intercepting net brush type fence under the action of waves, after the tide is faded, the embryonic axis is wound and fixed in meshes of the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net and fully contacts with a sludge bed, and under the relatively stable non-moving state for several days, the fence and the dragging and hanging net play the roles of wave dissipation, shading, promotion of sediment deposition and stabilization of a silt surface for the embryonic axis, so that the embryonic axis is finally implanted and fixed for planting growth smoothly.

The technical scheme provided by the above embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages:

(1) the directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence has a unique one-way opening and closing design, an opening and closing opening is formed between every two adjacent filiform intercepting net brushes, the opening and closing opening can be opened by the aid of waves facing the shore, a embryonic axis enters the side, facing the shore, of the fence through the opening and closing opening along with water flow waves, when the waves retreat to the sea, the opening and closing opening is automatically closed, the one-way filiform intercepting net brushes of the fence allow seawater to pass through at the moment, and the embryonic axis can be blocked at the side, facing the shore, of the fence. When the tide water level is back to be close to the silt bed surface, the strip-shaped embryonic axis is dragged and hung by the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net with the holes, and when the tide water level is back, the embryonic axis is dragged and fixed below the fixing net and is kept in full contact with the silt bed surface. When the next tide comes, the embryonic axis can be continuously wound and dragged by the fixing net and can also be separated from the fixing net to float in water, but because of the unidirectional interception fence, the embryonic axis is always blocked at the side of the fence facing the shore and can not be brought into the sea, and after the tide is removed, the embryonic axis is dragged by the fixing net to be hung and kept in full contact with the silt bed surface. Thus, the root system and the bud point of the hypocotyl can germinate smoothly after the full and relatively stable contact with the sludge surface for several days. Therefore, the directional opening-closing brush-shaped fence and the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net effectively ensure that the embryonic axis can be in full contact with a sludge bed surface for a long time or periodically, and increase the probability of successful implantation of the embryonic axis.

(2) The directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence and the embryonic axis dragging and fixing net can synergistically reduce the scouring of waves to a silt bed surface and the embryonic axis, promote the siltation of sea sand on the silt bed surface, have the shading effect of preventing the embryonic axis from being exposed to sunlight, and can improve the implantation and planting success rate of the embryonic axis.

(3) The established near-natural mangrove colony has embryonic axes from peripheral coasts and islands, belongs to local native mangrove forest tree species, has colony composition completely close to a natural state, has richer population diversity, and has better adaptability, stability, stress resistance and the like than artificial mangroves.

(4) Through ocean currents, tides and waves, the hypocotyls can be continuously and naturally supplemented, so that the seedlings can be automatically and continuously supplied to the near-natural establishment area of the mangrove forest. The implantation and planting process of the embryonic axis is also a near-natural process, the seedling cost and the manual planting cost are avoided, and the construction and maintenance cost is greatly reduced by one-time investment.

(5) After the method for building the mangrove forest on the sandy beach is implemented for 3-5 years, the tree species of the native mangrove forest starts to grow into a stable period and has enough protection capacity, and at the moment, the native mangrove forest can be dismantled and translated to the sandy beach on the two sides of the mangrove forest along the direction of the coastline so that the mangrove forest extends to the coasts at the two ends. Therefore, the method for building mangrove forest in the near-nature sand beach of the invention can realize cyclic utilization and save reconstruction cost.

(6) The method for building the mangrove forest on the sandy beach near nature changes sandy beach sand into silt manually in the implementation initial stage, changes the type of the substrate, retards and attenuates waves and water flow through the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence, the embryonic axis to drag the fixed net and the dense branch root system of the mangrove forest, captures fine-particle silt (also can capture coarse-particle silt in storm waves), and forms the special sediment (such as mangrove peat and mangrove sludge) and soil (acid sulfate soil) of the mangrove forest by the abundant falling objects. Over time, the artificial and natural combined near-natural mangrove forest ecosystem becomes more stable.

(7) The mangrove stock shaft capturing and planting device and the mangrove constructed based on the same have the beneficial effects of filtering seawater, intercepting marine garbage and cleaning marine pollution.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only the aforementioned elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, and it is understood that various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence is characterized in that: the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fences are distributed in an intertidal zone and are arranged in parallel to a coastline; the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence comprises a plurality of vertically arranged support rods (1), a plurality of wire-shaped intercepting net brushes (2) and a plurality of net brush leaning rods (3); each supporting rod (1) is fixedly provided with a filamentous intercepting net brush (2), each filamentous intercepting net brush (3) comprises a plurality of wire bundles distributed along the length direction of the supporting rod (1), two ends of each wire bundle extend to two sides of the supporting rod (1), any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes (2) are arranged in parallel and partially overlapped, and a vertical net brush leaning rod (3) is further arranged at the overlapped part of any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes (2) and towards the sea side; when waves in the shore direction impact the directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence, two ends of each wire bundle bend in the shore direction, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes (2) are separated from each other, mangrove stock shafts carried by the waves can pass through the directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence, and when waves in the sea direction impact the directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence, two ends of each wire bundle are blocked by the corresponding net brush leaning rods (3), so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes (2) keep an overlapped state, and the mangrove stock shafts carried by the waves are blocked from passing through the directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence.

2. The directionally open and close brush fence of claim 1, wherein: the directional open-close type brush-shaped fences are distributed in a strip-shaped area which is positioned in an intertidal zone and is 20m-100m away from the highest tide level line; and/or the whole directional opening-closing brush-shaped fence inclines towards the coast direction, and the inclination angle is 70-80 degrees; and/or 2-4 directional open-close type brush-shaped fences are arranged in the intertidal zone, and the distance between every two adjacent directional open-close type brush-shaped fences is 10-30 m.

3. The directionally open and close brush fence of claim 1, wherein: the lower part of the support rod (1) is embedded in the beach, and the top part of the support rod is bent towards the coast and forms an inclination angle of 70-80 degrees with the surface of the sea bed; and/or the length of the support rod (1) is 1.5-3.0 m, the diameter is 30-40 mm, and the exposed height of the beach is 0.8-2.3 m; and/or the exposed height of each support rod (1) from the sea to the coast is gradually reduced; and/or the support rod (1) comprises a galvanized steel pipe.

4. The directionally open and close brush fence of claim 1, wherein: the filament bundle consists of a plurality of PE filaments, the diameter of each PE filament is 1-2mm, and the length of each PE filament is 20-30 cm; and/or the diameter of the silk bundle is 10-20mm, and the length is 20-30 cm; and/or the distance between adjacent wire bundles on the same supporting rod is 10-20 mm; and/or the length of the two ends of each wire bundle extending to the two sides of the support rod (1) is 10-15 cm; and/or the length of the overlapping part of any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes (3) is 4-6 cm; and/or the wire bundle comprises a plurality of filaments which penetrate through the support rod (1) along the radial direction, and the plurality of filaments are fixed on the support rod (1) by cement paste poured into the inner cavity of the support rod (1).

5. The directionally open and close brush fence of claim 1, wherein: the lower part of the net brush leaning rod (3) is embedded in the mud flat, and the top part of the net brush leaning rod is bent towards the coast and forms an inclination angle of 70-80 degrees with the surface of the sea bed; and/or the length of the net brush backing rod (3) is 1.5m-3.0m, the diameter is 20mm-30mm, and the exposed height of the mud flat is 0.8m-2.3 m; and/or the exposed height of each net brush against the rod (3) is gradually reduced along the direction from the sea to the coast; and/or the net brush leaning rod (3) comprises a galvanized steel pipe.

6. The directionally open and close brush fence of claim 1, wherein: the supporting rods (1) and the net brush leaning rods (3) are also connected with each other through the connecting rods (4) to form a whole.

7. The utility model provides a mangrove hypocotyl catches field planting device which characterized in that includes: the directionally opened and closed brush fence of any one of claims 1 to 6, and a embryonic axis trailering fixation net; the hypocotyl dragging and fixing net is arranged between the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence and the coast, the hypocotyl dragging and fixing net comprises a nylon net which is horizontally laid, the nylon net is fixed on a silt layer through a plurality of fixing drill rods, the nylon net is in a semi-floating state close to the surface of the sea bed when the nylon net is immersed by seawater, and the distance between the nylon net and the surface of the silt layer after ebb tide meets the requirement that one end of the hypocotyl of the mangrove forest captured by the nylon net is in full contact with the silt layer.

8. The mangrove stock shaft capturing and planting device of claim 7, wherein: wherein the distance between the adjacent fixing brazes is 50-100 cm; and/or the nylon net is made of PE nylon ribbon, the width of the nylon ribbon is 3-10mm, and the thickness of the nylon ribbon is 0.1-0.2 mm; and/or the side length of the nylon net is 4-6 cm; and/or, the eyelet shape of the nylon mesh comprises a square; and/or the mangrove embryonic axis is in a strip shape and the length is 10-30 cm; and/or the embryonic axis dragging fixing net is tightly paved at the bottom of the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence.

9. A method for building mangrove forest near nature in sandy beach is characterized by comprising the following steps:

laying the mangrove forest hypocotyl capturing and planting device of any one of claims 7-8 on the silty beach;

10. The method for near natural mangrove forest on beach according to claim 9, which comprises: and during the ebb tide, pit-shaped soil replacement is carried out in the strip-shaped area, the replaced soil comprises muddy soil in a shrimp pond or a fish pond or natural soil of muddy mud flat, soil pits formed after soil replacement are arranged in a strip shape and parallel to a coastal zone, and after the soil replacement, artificial muddy mud flat is formed after the soil is soaked in tide for 2-3 days.