CN114791202B

CN114791202B - Super-flow helium refrigerator with adsorber regeneration pipeline

Info

Publication number: CN114791202B
Application number: CN202210490145.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周刚; 李静; 李正宇; 杜军军; 刘立强; 龚领会; 伍继浩
Original assignee: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
Current assignee: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
Priority date: 2022-05-07
Filing date: 2022-05-07
Publication date: 2022-11-22
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-07
Also published as: CN114791202A

Abstract

The invention relates to an overflow helium refrigerator with an absorber regeneration pipeline, which comprises a compressor unit, a refrigerator cold box, a helium precooling module, a low-temperature absorber module, a multi-stage turbo expansion unit, a heat exchanger group, a throttle valve group, a subcooler and a cold compressor unit, wherein the helium precooling module, the low-temperature absorber module, the multi-stage turbo expansion unit, the heat exchanger group, the throttle valve group, the subcooler and the cold compressor unit are all arranged in the refrigerator cold box; the low-temperature adsorber module adopts normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas to heat the activated carbon through coil partition wall heat exchange through a coil pipe type heat exchanger in the corresponding low-temperature adsorber, desorption treatment is carried out, regenerated helium gas subjected to coil partition wall heat exchange is returned to the low pressure of the super-flow helium refrigerator through a gas return pipeline, a low-temperature adsorber group of the low-temperature adsorber module can realize automatic online regeneration, the helium gas consumption is low, the flow of main helium gas is not influenced, and the continuous operation of the super-flow helium refrigerator can be ensured.

Description

Super-flow helium refrigerator with adsorber regeneration pipeline

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ultralow temperature refrigeration, in particular to an overflow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration pipeline.

Background

The super-current helium has very high thermal conductivity which is far higher than the thermal conductivity of metal and is thousands of times of that of copper. Because of its excellent flow and heat transfer properties, it is common in many applications to cool superconducting magnets. The super-flow helium has almost no viscosity, is easy to permeate into the magnet, and quickly eliminates thermal disturbance. The use of super-flow helium to cool the accelerator and the superconducting magnet can improve stability and reduce energy consumption and operating costs.

Due to the advantages of lower temperature, extremely low viscosity, high thermal conductivity and the like of the super flow helium, various cryogenic refrigeration systems and refrigerators are established by using the super flow helium at present. The super-flow helium refrigerator generally comprises a 4.5K helium cryogenic system and a 1.8/2K super-flow helium cryogenic subsystem, and can produce liquid helium and super-flow helium at the same time. The helium gas as the raw material gas of the super-flow helium refrigerator is high-purity helium, but still inevitably contains various impurity gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrocarbons, hydrogen and neon. In order to remove impurity gas in helium feed gas, the conventional super-flow helium refrigerator generally adopts a low-temperature adsorber to remove impurity gas, and the low-temperature adsorber is generally designed with an online regeneration pipeline so that the super-flow helium refrigerator can continuously operate. However, the existing low-temperature adsorber regeneration pipeline has some defects, which can affect the normal operation of the over-flow helium refrigerator. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN113883827 a, published as 2022, 01, 04, discloses a helium purification and liquefaction system that employs an electric heater disposed outside a low temperature adsorber to regenerate the low temperature adsorber. Because the cold box of the super-flow helium refrigerator is in a high-vacuum environment, if the electric heater is placed outside the low-temperature adsorber, the heater can be burnt dry, and the heater can be damaged. In addition, there is a possibility that vacuum discharge may occur and breakdown may occur in a vacuum state. For example, chinese patent application published as 2021, 12 and 03, and published as CN113731107a discloses an on-line regeneration system, in which the adsorber regeneration uses helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure to directly purge the activated carbon inside the adsorber for desorption, and this method consumes a large amount of helium gas and affects the flow rate of the mainstream helium gas of the refrigerator, thereby affecting the normal operation of the superflow helium refrigerator.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an overflow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration pipeline, wherein a low-temperature adsorber of the overflow helium refrigerator heats activated carbon by utilizing a dividing wall type heat exchange process between normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas and an internal coil type heat exchanger, so that a regeneration process is realized, and the continuous operation of the overflow helium refrigerator is not influenced during regeneration.

The invention provides an over-flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration pipeline, which comprises a compressor unit, a refrigerator cold box, a helium pre-cooling module, a low-temperature adsorber module, a multi-stage turbo expansion unit, a heat exchanger group, a throttle valve group, a subcooler and a cold compressor unit, wherein the helium pre-cooling module, the low-temperature adsorber module, the multi-stage turbo expansion unit, the heat exchanger group, the throttle valve group, the subcooler and the cold compressor unit are all arranged in the refrigerator cold box; the gas-liquid separator, the 4.5-75K temperature zone load and the 2K load are all arranged outside the refrigerator cold box;

the compressor unit comprises a positive pressure compressor and a negative pressure compressor, the positive pressure compressor comprises a medium pressure compressor and a high pressure compressor, an outlet of the negative pressure compressor and an outlet of the medium pressure compressor are both connected to an air suction port of the high pressure compressor, an outlet of the high pressure compressor is connected to an inlet of the cold box, and normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas discharged by the high pressure compressor enters the cold box through the inlet of the cold box;

the helium pre-cooling module is arranged at the inlet side of the cold box, is positioned in front of the multistage turboexpander set and is used for pre-cooling the normal-temperature high-pressure helium entering the cold box;

the low-temperature adsorber module is used for carrying out adsorption impurity removal process on the helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure entering the cold box;

the multistage turboexpander set comprises a first turboexpander set, a second turboexpander set, a third turboexpander set and a fourth turboexpander set and is used for performing a multistage cooling process on the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas entering the cold box;

the heat exchanger group is used for performing a multi-stage heat exchange process on the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas entering the cold box;

the super-flow helium refrigerator comprises a high-pressure main gas circuit, a medium-pressure gas return circuit, a low-pressure gas return circuit, a negative-pressure gas return circuit and an adsorber regeneration pipeline; the inlet of the high-pressure main gas path is connected with the inlet of the cold box, and the outlet of the high-pressure main gas path is connected with the inlet of the subcooler; the inlet of the medium-pressure gas return circuit is connected to the outlet of the second turbo expander set, and the outlet of the medium-pressure gas return circuit is connected to the gas suction port of the high-pressure compressor; the inlet of the low-pressure gas return circuit is connected with the gas phase outlet of the subcooler, and the outlet of the low-pressure gas return circuit is connected with the gas suction port of the medium-pressure compressor; the inlet of the negative pressure gas return path is connected with the outlet of the cold compressor unit, and the outlet of the negative pressure gas return path is connected with the gas suction port of the negative pressure compressor; the inlet of the adsorber regeneration pipeline is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure compressor, and the outlet of the adsorber regeneration pipeline is connected with the low-temperature adsorber module;

a liquid phase outlet of the subcooler is connected with an inlet of the 4.5-75K temperature zone load and an inlet of the gas-liquid separator, an outlet of the 4.5-75K temperature zone load is connected with the low-pressure gas return path, a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the 2K load, and an outlet of the 2K load and a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator are both connected with an inlet of the cold compressor unit;

part of normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas discharged by the high-pressure compressor enters the high-pressure main gas path through an inlet of the cold box, is precooled by the helium precooling module, is subjected to a multi-stage cooling process by the multi-stage turbo expansion unit, is subjected to a multi-stage heat exchange process by the heat exchanger group, and is subjected to an adsorption impurity removal process by the low-temperature adsorber module to form supercritical helium, the supercritical helium is throttled by the throttle valve group and is subcooled by the subcooler to form subcooled supercritical helium, and part of the subcooled supercritical helium enters the load of the 4.5-75K temperature region; the other part of the supercooled supercritical helium is divided into a gas phase and a liquid phase after throttling, the liquid phase enters the gas-liquid separator to accumulate liquid, when the liquid helium of the accumulated liquid reaches a preset liquid level, the cold compressor unit is started, the liquid helium in the gas-liquid separator is decompressed to form 2K saturated super-flow helium, and the 2K saturated super-flow helium enters the 2K load; gas phase is discharged from a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and is converged with the return gas loaded with 2K to enter the cold compressor unit, the gas phase is subjected to pressure increase by the cold compressor unit and then flows back to enter a negative pressure channel of the heat exchanger unit, negative pressure helium is formed after multi-stage pressure reduction, the negative pressure helium enters the negative pressure compressor and is compressed to medium pressure, and is mixed with medium pressure gas discharged from the medium pressure compressor and gas of the medium pressure return gas circuit and then enters the high pressure compressor, so that a helium circulation is completed;

and the other part of normal-temperature and high-pressure helium gas discharged by the high-pressure compressor enters the low-temperature adsorber module through the adsorber regeneration pipeline, and is subjected to a coil pipe partition wall heat exchange process by the coil pipe type heat exchanger of the low-temperature adsorber module to realize desorption treatment on the activated carbon, so that the regeneration process of the low-temperature adsorber module is completed, wherein the regenerated helium gas subjected to the coil pipe partition wall heat exchange process enters the low-pressure gas return circuit through the regenerated helium gas return pipeline and is converged with the gas of the low-pressure gas return circuit to enter the medium-pressure compressor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature adsorber module includes a plurality of low-temperature adsorber groups connected to the high-pressure main gas path, the low-temperature adsorber groups are configured to adsorb and remove impurity gases in helium gas of the high-pressure main gas path, and the super-flow helium refrigerator further includes a regeneration regulating valve disposed on the adsorber regeneration pipeline, an adsorber regeneration branch connected to the regeneration regulating valve, and a switching valve disposed on the adsorber regeneration branch; the normal-temperature high-pressure helium in the adsorber regeneration pipeline respectively enters the corresponding low-temperature adsorber groups through the adsorber regeneration branch circuits, and the overflow helium refrigerator controls the amount of normal-temperature high-pressure helium entering the corresponding low-temperature adsorber groups through the regeneration adjusting valves and the corresponding switch valves.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature adsorber set includes a low-temperature adsorber in which the coil heat exchanger is disposed, a front-end regulating valve and a rear-end switching valve disposed at front and rear ends of the low-temperature adsorber, and a bypass regulating valve connected to the high-pressure main gas path and the low-temperature adsorber, and the low-temperature adsorber set switches an adsorption impurity removal process and a regeneration process of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber by controlling opening and closing of the front-end regulating valve and the rear-end switching valve, and ensures continuous operation of the super-flow helium refrigerator by opening the corresponding bypass regulating valve when the low-temperature adsorbers are in the regeneration process.

In an embodiment of the invention, the low-temperature adsorber set further includes temperature sensors respectively disposed at a regeneration gas inlet and a middle position of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber, and a pressure sensor disposed between the corresponding low-temperature adsorber and a corresponding back-end switching valve thereof, where the temperature sensors are configured to monitor a temperature of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber, and the pressure sensors are configured to monitor a line pressure of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber.

In an embodiment of the invention, the super-flow helium refrigerator further includes a desorption gas discharge pipeline connected to the corresponding low-temperature adsorber, an electric heater disposed on the desorption gas discharge pipeline, and a heating regulating valve and a discharge regulating valve located at front and rear ends of the electric heater, a vacuum pump connected to the desorption gas discharge pipeline, and an air bag, wherein the vacuum pump is configured to pump out the desorption gas in the low-temperature adsorber when the gas in the low-temperature adsorber reaches a micro-positive pressure, the electric heater is configured to heat the desorption gas in the desorption gas discharge pipeline, the heating regulating valve is configured to control and regulate the amount of desorption gas entering the electric heater, and the discharge regulating valve is configured to control and regulate the amount of desorption gas entering the air bag.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature adsorber set includes an 80K low-temperature adsorber set and a 20K low-temperature adsorber set, the 80K low-temperature adsorber set includes two parallel 80K low-temperature adsorbers, the 80K low-temperature adsorber set includes a first 80K low-temperature adsorber and a second 80K low-temperature adsorber, and the 20K low-temperature adsorber set includes a 20K low-temperature adsorber set in the high-pressure main gas path; the adsorber regeneration branch comprises a first adsorber regeneration branch connected with the regeneration regulating valve and the first 80K low-temperature adsorber, a second adsorber regeneration branch connected with the regeneration regulating valve and the second 80K low-temperature adsorber, and a third adsorber regeneration branch connected with the regeneration regulating valve and the 20K low-temperature adsorber, wherein the switch valve comprises a first switch valve arranged on the first adsorber regeneration branch, a second switch valve arranged on the second adsorber regeneration branch, and a third switch valve arranged on the third adsorber regeneration branch.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the 80K low-temperature adsorber group further includes a first front-end regulating valve and a first rear-end switching valve respectively disposed at front and rear ends of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber, a second front-end regulating valve and a second rear-end switching valve respectively disposed at front and rear ends of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber, and a first bypass regulating valve disposed on the high-pressure main gas path, and the 80K low-temperature adsorber group switches an adsorption impurity removal process and a regeneration process of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber by controlling opening and closing of the first front-end regulating valve and the first rear-end switching valve; the adsorption impurity removal process and the regeneration process of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber are switched by controlling the opening and closing of the second front-end regulating valve and the second rear-end switch valve; wherein the first bypass damper is in an open state when both the first 80K cryogenic adsorber and the second 80K cryogenic adsorber are undergoing regeneration processes to ensure continuous operation of the over-flow helium refrigerator;

the 20K low-temperature adsorber group further comprises a third front-end regulating valve and a third rear-end switch valve which are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the 20K low-temperature adsorber, and a second bypass regulating valve which is arranged in parallel on the 20K low-temperature adsorber, and the 20K low-temperature adsorber group switches the adsorption impurity removal process and the regeneration process of the 20K low-temperature adsorber by controlling the opening and closing of the third front-end regulating valve and the third rear-end switch valve; wherein the second bypass regulator valve is in an open state during regeneration of the 20K cryoadsorber to ensure continuous operation of the over flow helium refrigerator.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the 80K low-temperature adsorber set includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor respectively disposed at a regeneration gas inlet and a middle position of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber, a first pressure sensor disposed between the first 80K low-temperature adsorber and the first back-end switching valve, a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor respectively disposed at a regeneration gas inlet and a middle position of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber, and a second pressure sensor disposed between the second 80K low-temperature adsorber and the second back-end switching valve, wherein the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are configured to monitor a temperature of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber, and the first pressure sensor is configured to monitor a line pressure of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber; the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor are used for monitoring the temperature of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber, and the second pressure sensor is used for monitoring the pipeline pressure of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber;

the 20K low-temperature adsorber group comprises a fifth temperature sensor and a sixth temperature sensor which are respectively arranged at a regeneration gas inlet and a middle section of the 20K low-temperature adsorber, and a third pressure sensor which is arranged between the 20K low-temperature adsorber and a third rear end switch valve, wherein the fifth temperature sensor and the sixth temperature sensor are used for monitoring the temperature of the 20K low-temperature adsorber, and the third pressure sensor is used for monitoring the pipeline pressure of the 20K low-temperature adsorber.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the desorption gas discharge line includes a first desorption gas discharge line connected to the first 80K low-temperature adsorber and the air bag, a second desorption gas discharge line connected to the second 80K low-temperature adsorber and the air bag, and a third desorption gas discharge line connected to the 20K low-temperature adsorber and the air bag; the electric heater comprises a first electric heater arranged on the first desorption gas discharge pipeline, a second electric heater arranged on the second desorption gas discharge pipeline and a third electric heater arranged on the third desorption gas discharge pipeline; the heating regulating valve comprises a first heating regulating valve arranged on the first desorption gas discharge pipeline, a second heating regulating valve arranged on the second desorption gas discharge pipeline and a third heating regulating valve arranged on the third desorption gas discharge pipeline, the discharge regulating valve comprises a first discharge regulating valve arranged on the first desorption gas discharge pipeline, a second discharge regulating valve arranged on the second desorption gas discharge pipeline and a third discharge regulating valve arranged on the third desorption gas discharge pipeline, and an air inlet regulating valve is further arranged in front of the air bag.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the super-flow helium refrigerator further includes a 50-75K temperature range load temperature-charging pipeline disposed in a refrigerator cold box and connected to the first turbo expansion unit, and a 50-75K temperature range load connected to the 50-75K temperature range load temperature-charging pipeline, the 50-75K temperature range load temperature-charging pipeline includes a 50K helium pipeline connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit, a load flow-discharging pipeline connected to inlets of the 50K helium pipeline and the 50-75K temperature range load, a temperature-charging pipeline connected to the 50K helium pipeline, a return pipeline connected to an outlet of the 50-75K temperature range load, and a helium gas passage pipeline connected to the return pipeline, the temperature-charging pipeline, and the first turbo expansion unit, the 50K helium pipeline is provided with a 50K helium gas pipeline regulating valve, the temperature-charging pipeline is provided with a temperature-charging pipeline regulating valve and a temperature-charging pipeline heater, the return pipeline is provided with a return pipeline regulating valve, wherein the temperature-charging pipeline is used for regulating a temperature of the return pipeline through the temperature-charging pipeline and the first turbo expansion unit so as to meet a requirement of the first turbo expansion unit through a pressure of the helium gas inlet of the first turbo expansion unit.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger group includes a first stage heat exchanger, a second stage heat exchanger, a third stage heat exchanger, a fourth stage heat exchanger, and a fifth stage heat exchanger, which are connected to the high-pressure main gas path, the medium-pressure gas return path, the low-pressure gas return path, and the negative-pressure gas return path, and are sequentially arranged, and further includes a sixth stage heat exchanger, a seventh stage heat exchanger, an eighth stage heat exchanger, and a ninth stage heat exchanger, which are connected to the high-pressure main gas path and the low-pressure gas return path, and are connected to a liquid phase outlet of the subcooler, an inlet and a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and an outlet of the 2K load, wherein helium gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator and return gas of the 2K load are merged and then enter the ninth stage heat exchanger for heat exchange, and the heat-exchanged gas enters the cold compressor group.

In an embodiment of the invention, the helium pre-cooling module includes a helium passage regulating valve connected to the high-pressure main gas passage, a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger connected to the helium passage regulating valve, a liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline connected to the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger, and a liquid nitrogen inlet regulating valve arranged on the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline, an outlet of the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger is connected to the high-pressure main gas passage and is located between an outlet of the second-stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the low-temperature adsorber set, and the helium pre-cooling module pre-cools the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas through liquid nitrogen introduced through the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline, and regulates the amount of helium gas entering the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger through the helium passage regulating valve and regulates the amount of liquid nitrogen entering the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger through the liquid nitrogen inlet regulating valve.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the helium pre-cooling module includes a pre-cooling turbo-expansion unit formed by connecting a first turbine, a second turbine and a third turbine in series, and a first inlet regulating valve disposed between an outlet of the first stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the first turbine, where an outlet of the pre-cooling turbo-expansion unit is connected to the medium-pressure gas return path.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the helium pre-cooling module includes a pre-cooling turbo-expansion unit formed by serially connecting a first turbine, a second turbine, and a third turbine, and a first inlet regulating valve disposed between an outlet of the first stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the first turbine, where an outlet of the pre-cooling turbo-expansion unit is connected to the medium-pressure gas return path.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first turboexpander set includes a fourth turbine and a fifth turbine which are arranged in series, and a second inlet regulating valve which is arranged between an outlet of the third stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the fourth turbine, an inlet of the fourth turbine is connected to the helium gas passing pipeline of the load temperature changing pipeline in the temperature range of 50-75K, and an outlet of the fifth turbine is connected to the medium-pressure gas returning circuit.

In an embodiment of the invention, the second turboexpander set comprises a sixth turbine and a seventh turbine arranged in series, and a third inlet regulating valve arranged between the outlet of the fifth stage heat exchanger and the inlet of the sixth turbine, and the outlet of the seventh turbine is connected to the medium pressure gas return circuit.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the third turboexpander train includes eighth and ninth turbines arranged in series, and a fourth inlet regulating valve connected to the high pressure main gas path and to inlets of the eighth turbine, an outlet of the ninth turbine being connected to the low pressure return gas path.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the fourth turboexpander set includes a tenth turbine, a fifth inlet regulating valve disposed between an outlet of the seventh stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the tenth turbine, and a final stage turbine bypass valve disposed on the high-pressure main gas path and between the seventh stage heat exchanger and the eighth stage heat exchanger, and an outlet of the tenth turbine is connected to the high-pressure main gas path.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the supersonic helium refrigerator further includes a cold box bypass line connected to the outlet of the fourth turboexpander set and the low-pressure gas return line, and a cold box bypass valve disposed on the cold box bypass line.

In an embodiment of the invention, the throttle valve group comprises a first throttle valve and a second throttle valve which are arranged in parallel, an air return valve is further arranged between a gas phase outlet of the subcooler and the low-pressure air return path, and a third throttle valve is further arranged between the ninth-stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the gas-liquid separator;

wherein a part of supercritical helium output by the high-pressure main gas circuit is throttled into a gas-liquid two phase by the first throttling valve, liquid accumulates in the subcooler, and a gas phase enters the low-pressure gas return circuit through the gas return valve; and the other part of supercritical helium enters the subcooler after being throttled by the second throttling valve, is subcooled by liquid helium of the subcooler accumulated liquid to form subcooled supercritical helium, flows out of the subcooler, one part of subcooled supercritical helium is supplied to the 4.5-75K temperature zone for load, the other part of subcooled supercritical helium enters the ninth-stage heat exchanger, is throttled by the third throttling valve to form a gas-liquid two-phase state, the liquid phase is accumulated in the gas-liquid separator, the gas phase is discharged from a gas-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator, is converged with the return gas of the 2K load and enters the ninth-stage heat exchanger for heat exchange, and the helium after heat exchange enters the cold compressor unit.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the cold compressor set includes a sixth inlet regulating valve, a first cold compressor, a second cold compressor, a third cold compressor, a fourth cold compressor, and a first outlet regulating valve, which are arranged in series, and the super flow helium refrigerator further includes a cold compressor set bypass line connected in parallel to the cold compressor set, and a bypass line regulating valve arranged on the cold compressor set bypass line.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the super flow helium refrigerator further includes a gas management panel, and the gas management panel includes a medium pressure bypass valve connected to the high pressure main gas path and the medium pressure return gas path, a low pressure bypass valve connected to the high pressure main gas path and the low pressure return gas path, a loading valve and a buffer tank unloading valve connected to the low pressure return gas path and the high pressure main gas path, and a buffer tank connected between the loading valve and the buffer tank unloading valve.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the super flow helium refrigerator further includes a check valve disposed between the negative pressure compressor and the high pressure compressor, the check valve being configured to prevent backflow of outlet helium gas of the negative pressure compressor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the super flow helium refrigerator further includes a load cold box, the gas-liquid separator, the 4.5-75K temperature zone load, the 2K load, the 50-75K temperature zone load, the ninth-stage heat exchanger, and the third throttle valve are all disposed in the load cold box, and the refrigerator cold box and the load cold box are connected by a multi-channel transmission pipeline.

According to the super-flow helium refrigerator, the adsorber regeneration pipeline is led out of the high-pressure main gas path, and the coil type heat exchanger is arranged in the low-temperature adsorber, so that the low-temperature adsorber of the low-temperature adsorber module can heat the activated carbon by utilizing a part of normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas of the system and a coil partition wall heat exchange process between the coil type heat exchanger inside the low-temperature adsorber, the desorption process of the low-temperature adsorber is realized, namely the regeneration process of the low-temperature adsorber is realized, wherein the helium gas for regeneration in the coil partition wall heat exchange process is returned to the low-pressure gas return pipeline through the regenerated helium gas return pipeline, the low-temperature adsorber module can realize automatic on-line regeneration, and the continuous operation of the super-flow helium refrigerator is not influenced during regeneration.

The super-flow helium refrigerator is further provided with bypass regulating valves connected with the high-pressure main gas path and the low-temperature adsorber, when the low-temperature adsorber is in the regeneration process, the main path gas in the high-pressure main gas path can pass through the bypass regulating valves in a mode of opening the corresponding bypass regulating valves, and therefore the continuous operation of the super-flow helium refrigerator can be prevented from being influenced by the regeneration process of the low-temperature adsorber.

The super-flow helium refrigerator also designs an exhaust route for desorption gas, and the desorbed helium gas containing impurities enters the air bag through a corresponding desorption gas exhaust pipeline and is subsequently sent into a purification system for purification of the polluted helium. The invention specifically prevents the low-temperature adsorber from being directly regenerated by discharging the low-temperature gas remained in the low-temperature adsorber into the air bag until the internal pressure of the low-temperature adsorber is normal pressure and then introducing the regenerated helium into the coil heat exchanger in the low-temperature adsorber, and prevents the internal pressure of the low-temperature adsorber from being too low by discharging the internal low-temperature gas to the normal pressure, thereby ensuring that the coil heat exchanger into which the regenerated helium is introduced and the activated carbon in the low-temperature adsorber have good heat exchange effect under the regeneration working condition of the adsorber.

According to the super-flow helium refrigerator, the temperature conversion pipeline is arranged at the first turbo-expander set in a 50-75K temperature region load mode, so that the parameters of fluid entering the first turbo-expander set can reach the design parameters of an impeller mechanical inlet, the turbo-expander set can operate in the best working condition, and the whole performance of the super-flow helium refrigerator is improved.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be fully apparent from the ensuing description and drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an over-flow helium refrigerator with adsorber regeneration line configuration in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the direction of the arrows represent the direction of fluid flow.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B shown in fig. 1.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the load cold box of the superflow helium refrigerator having an adsorber regeneration line shown in FIG. 1.

The reference numbers illustrate: a medium-pressure compressor 1; a high-pressure compressor 2; a negative pressure compressor 3; a check valve 4; a medium-pressure bypass valve 5; a low-pressure bypass valve 6; a buffer tank unloading valve 7; a buffer tank 8; a charge valve 9; a refrigerator cold box 10; a cold box bypass line 11; a cold box bypass valve 12; a first throttle valve 13; a second throttle valve 14; an air return valve 15; a third throttle valve 16; a load cold box 17;

a high-pressure main gas path 18; a helium high pressure main path regulating valve 181; a medium pressure return gas circuit 19; a low pressure return gas circuit 20; a negative pressure return path 21; adsorber regeneration line 22; a regeneration regulating valve 23; a first adsorber regeneration branch 24; a second adsorber regeneration branch 25; a third adsorber regeneration branch 26; a first on-off valve 27; a second on-off valve 28; the third on-off valve 29;

a helium passage regulating valve 30; a liquid nitrogen precooling heat exchanger 31; a liquid nitrogen inlet line 32; a liquid nitrogen inlet regulating valve 33; a first turbine 34; a second turbine 35; a third turbine 36; a first inlet regulating valve 37;

a fourth turbine 38; a fifth turbine 39; a second inlet regulating valve 40; a sixth turbine 41; a seventh turbine 42; a third inlet regulating valve 43; an eighth turbine 44; a ninth turbine 45; a fourth inlet regulating valve 46; a tenth turbine 47; a fifth inlet regulating valve 48; a last stage turbine bypass valve 49;

50K helium line 50; a 50K helium line regulator valve 51; a load dump line 52; a temperature exchanging pipeline 53; a temperature change pipeline regulating valve 54; a temperature changing pipeline heater 55; a return line 56; helium gas is passed through line 57; an inlet line 58 of the first turboexpander train; a return line regulating valve 59;

a first 80K low temperature adsorber 60; a first front end regulating valve 601; a first rear-end switching valve 602; a first temperature sensor 603; a second temperature sensor 604; a first pressure sensor 605; a first bypass regulator valve 606; a second 80K low temperature adsorber 61; the second front end regulating valve 611; a second rear-end switching valve 612; a third temperature sensor 613; a fourth temperature sensor 614; a second pressure sensor 615; a 20K low temperature adsorber 62; a third front end regulating valve 621; a third rear-end switching valve 622; a fifth temperature sensor 623; a sixth temperature sensor 624; a third pressure sensor 625; a second bypass regulating valve 626;

a first desorption gas discharge line 63; a second desorption gas discharge line 64; a third desorption gas discharge line 65; a first heating regulating valve 631; the second heating adjustment valve 641; a third heating adjustment valve 651; a first electric heater 632; a second electric heater 642; a third electric heater 652; a first discharge adjustment valve 633; the second emission adjustment valve 643; a third emission adjustment valve 653; a regenerated helium return line 66; an intake air regulating valve 67;

a sixth inlet regulating valve 70; a first cold compressor 71; a second cold compressor 72; a third cold compressor 73; a fourth cold compressor 74; a first outlet regulating valve 75; a cold compressor train bypass line 76; a bypass line regulating valve 77;

a first pipe 81; a second conduit 82; a third line 83; a fourth line 84; a fifth pipeline 85; a sixth pipeline 86;

a first-stage heat exchanger 91, a second-stage heat exchanger 92, a third-stage heat exchanger 93 and a fourth-stage heat exchanger 94; a fifth-stage heat exchanger 95; a sixth stage heat exchanger 96; a seventh stage heat exchanger 97; an eighth stage heat exchanger 98; a ninth stage heat exchanger 99;

loading 101 in a 50-75K temperature zone; a 4.5-75K temperature zone is loaded with 102; a 2K load 103; a subcooler 104; a gas-liquid separator 105.

Detailed Description

The following description is provided to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The underlying principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, adaptations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the present disclosure, the terms "vertical," "lateral," "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, the above terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

It is understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more," i.e., that a quantity of one element may be one in one embodiment, while a quantity of another element may be plural in other embodiments, and the terms "a" and "an" should not be interpreted as limiting the quantity.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the detailed structure and the operation of an over-flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration line 22 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention are specifically illustrated.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the super flow helium refrigerator includes a compressor unit, a refrigerator cold box 10, a helium pre-cooling module, a low temperature adsorber module, a multistage turbo-expansion unit, a heat exchanger set, a throttle valve set, a subcooler 104 and a cold compressor unit, all of which are disposed in the refrigerator cold box 10; and a gas-liquid separator 105, a load 102 in a temperature range of 4.5-75K and a load 103 in a temperature range of 2K which are all arranged outside the refrigerating machine cold box 10.

Specifically, the compressor unit comprises a positive pressure compressor and a negative pressure compressor 3, the positive pressure compressor comprises a medium pressure compressor 1 and a high pressure compressor 2, an outlet of the negative pressure compressor 3 and an outlet of the medium pressure compressor 1 are both connected to a suction port of the high pressure compressor 2, an outlet of the high pressure compressor 2 is connected to an inlet of the cold box, helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure discharged by the high pressure compressor 2 enters the cold box through the inlet of the cold box, an outlet of the cold compressor unit is connected to the suction port of the negative pressure compressor 3, and the negative pressure compressor 3 is used for compressing the super helium negative pressure return gas sent by the cold compressor unit to medium pressure.

Specifically, the helium pre-cooling module is arranged at the inlet side of the cold box and in front of the multistage turboexpander set, and is used for pre-cooling the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas entering the cold box; the low-temperature adsorber module is used for carrying out adsorption impurity removal process on the helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure entering the cold box; the multistage turboexpander set is used for performing a multistage cooling process on the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas entering the cold box; the heat exchanger group is used for performing a multi-stage heat exchange process on the helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure entering the cold box.

More specifically, the multistage turboexpander train includes a first turboexpander train, a second turboexpander train, a third turboexpander train, and a fourth turboexpander train.

Specifically, the heat exchanger group comprises a first-stage heat exchanger 91, a second-stage heat exchanger 92, a third-stage heat exchanger 93, a fourth-stage heat exchanger 94, a fifth-stage heat exchanger 95, a sixth-stage heat exchanger 96, a seventh-stage heat exchanger 97, an eighth-stage heat exchanger 98 and a ninth-stage heat exchanger 99 which are sequentially arranged, and is used for performing a multi-stage heat exchange process on the helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure entering the cold box.

More specifically, the heat exchanger group includes a first-stage heat exchanger 91, a second-stage heat exchanger 92, a third-stage heat exchanger 93, a fourth-stage heat exchanger 94, and a fifth-stage heat exchanger 95 that are connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit 18, the intermediate-pressure gas return circuit 19, the low-pressure gas return circuit 20, and the negative-pressure gas return circuit 21, and are sequentially arranged, and further includes a sixth-stage heat exchanger 96 that is connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit 18, the intermediate-pressure gas return circuit 19, and the low-pressure gas return circuit 20, a seventh-stage heat exchanger 97 and an eighth-stage heat exchanger 98 that are connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit 18 and the low-pressure gas return circuit 20, and a ninth-stage heat exchanger 99 that is connected to the liquid-phase outlet of the subcooler 104, the inlet and the gas-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 105, and the outlet of the 2K load 103.

Specifically, the super-flow helium refrigerator comprises a high-pressure main gas circuit 18, a medium-pressure gas return circuit 19, a low-pressure gas return circuit 20, a negative-pressure gas return circuit 21 and an adsorber regeneration circuit 22; an inlet of the high-pressure main gas circuit 18 is connected to an inlet of the cold box, and an outlet of the high-pressure main gas circuit is connected to an inlet of the subcooler 104; the inlet of the medium-pressure gas return circuit 19 is connected to the outlet of the second turbo expander set, and the outlet of the medium-pressure gas return circuit is connected to the gas suction port of the high-pressure compressor 2; the inlet of the low-pressure gas return circuit 20 is connected to the gas phase outlet of the subcooler 104, and the outlet is connected to the air suction port of the medium-pressure compressor 1; the inlet of the negative pressure gas return path 21 is connected to the outlet of the cold compressor set, and the outlet is connected to the gas suction port of the negative pressure compressor 3; the inlet of the adsorber regeneration pipeline 22 is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure compressor 2, and the outlet is connected to the low-temperature adsorber module.

Specifically, a liquid phase outlet of the subcooler 104 is connected to an inlet of the 4.5-75K temperature zone load 102 and an inlet of the gas-liquid separator 105, an outlet of the 4.5-75K temperature zone load 102 is connected to the low-pressure gas return circuit 20, a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 105 is connected to the 2K load 103, and an outlet of the 2K load 103 and a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 105 are both connected to an inlet of the cold compressor set.

It can be understood that the super flow helium refrigerator of the present invention leads out the adsorber regeneration pipeline 22 on the high pressure main gas path 18, and a coil heat exchanger is arranged in the low temperature adsorber of the low temperature adsorber module, so that the helium gas of the main gas path of the super flow helium refrigerator is divided into two parts to be output, one part enters the high pressure main gas path 18 to perform a main flow helium gas refrigeration process, and the other part enters the low temperature adsorber module through the adsorber regeneration pipeline 22, thereby realizing a regeneration process of the low temperature adsorber module.

That is to say, the invention utilizes the coil dividing wall heat exchange process between a part of the normal temperature and high pressure helium gas in the system and the coil type heat exchanger inside the low temperature absorber to heat the active carbon, so as to realize the desorption process of the low temperature absorber, namely the regeneration process of the low temperature absorber, wherein the helium gas for regeneration passing through the coil dividing wall heat exchange process is returned to the low pressure gas return circuit 20, the low temperature absorber module can realize automatic online regeneration, and the continuous operation of the super flow helium refrigerator is not influenced during regeneration.

Specifically, a part of the normal-temperature and high-pressure helium gas discharged from the high-pressure compressor 2 enters the high-pressure main gas path 18 through an inlet of the cold box, is precooled by the helium precooling module, is subjected to a multistage cooling process by the multistage turboexpander set, is subjected to a multistage heat exchange process by the heat exchanger set, and is subjected to an adsorption impurity removal process by the low-temperature adsorber module to form supercritical helium, the supercritical helium is throttled by the throttle valve set and the subcooler 104 to form subcooled supercritical helium, and a part of the subcooled supercritical helium enters the load 102 in the 4.5-75K temperature zone; throttling the other part of the super-cooled supercritical helium to be divided into a gas phase and a liquid phase, allowing the liquid phase to enter the gas-liquid separator 105 for liquid accumulation, starting the cold compressor unit when the liquid helium of the liquid accumulation reaches a preset liquid level, decompressing the liquid helium in the gas-liquid separator 105 to form 2K saturated super-flow helium, and allowing the 2K saturated super-flow helium to enter the 2K load 103; gas phase is discharged from a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 105, joins with return gas of the 2K load 103, enters the cold compressor set, is subjected to pressure increase by the cold compressor set, flows back to enter a negative pressure channel of the heat exchanger set, forms negative pressure helium after multi-stage pressure reduction, enters the negative pressure compressor 3 to be compressed to medium pressure, is mixed with medium pressure gas discharged from the medium pressure compressor 1 and gas of the medium pressure return gas circuit 19, enters the high pressure compressor 2, and then completes a helium circulation;

the other part of the normal-temperature high-pressure helium discharged by the high-pressure compressor 2 enters the low-temperature adsorber module through the adsorber regeneration pipeline 22, and the activated carbon is subjected to a coil partition wall heat exchange process through a coil heat exchanger of the low-temperature adsorber module, so that desorption treatment on the activated carbon is realized, and thus the regeneration process of the low-temperature adsorber module is completed, wherein the regenerated helium passing through the coil partition wall heat exchange process enters the low-pressure gas return circuit 20 through a regenerated helium return circuit 66, and is converged with the gas of the low-pressure gas return circuit 20 to enter the medium-pressure compressor 1, namely, the regenerated helium passing through the coil partition wall heat exchange process returns to the low-pressure gas return circuit 20, and a low-temperature adsorber of the low-temperature adsorber module can be automatically regenerated online, so that continuous operation of the super-flow helium refrigerator is not affected.

Specifically, the low-temperature adsorber module includes a plurality of low-temperature adsorber groups connected to the high-pressure main gas path 18, where the low-temperature adsorber groups are used to adsorb and remove impurity gases in helium gas of the high-pressure main gas path 18, and the super-flow helium refrigerator further includes a regeneration regulating valve 23 disposed on the adsorber regeneration pipeline 22, an adsorber regeneration branch connected to the regeneration regulating valve 23, and a switching valve disposed on the adsorber regeneration branch; the normal-temperature high-pressure helium in the adsorber regeneration pipeline 22 respectively enters the corresponding low-temperature adsorber groups through the adsorber regeneration branches, and the super-flow helium refrigerator controls the flow rate of the normal-temperature high-pressure helium entering the corresponding low-temperature adsorber groups through the regeneration adjusting valve 23 and the corresponding switch valves.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the low-temperature adsorber set includes an 80K low-temperature adsorber set and a 20K low-temperature adsorber set, the 80K low-temperature adsorber set includes two 80K low-temperature adsorbers arranged in parallel, the 80K low-temperature adsorber set includes a first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 and a second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61, and the 20K low-temperature adsorber set includes a 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 arranged in the high-pressure main gas path 18; the adsorber regeneration branch comprises a first adsorber regeneration branch 24 connected to the regeneration control valve 23 and the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60, a second adsorber regeneration branch 25 connected to the regeneration control valve 23 and the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61, and a third adsorber regeneration branch 26 connected to the regeneration control valve 23 and the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62, wherein the switching valves comprise a first switching valve 27 arranged on the first adsorber regeneration branch 24, a second switching valve 28 arranged on the second adsorber regeneration branch 25, and a third switching valve 29 arranged on the third adsorber regeneration branch 26.

It is worth mentioning that the 80K low-temperature adsorber is located between the second-stage heat exchanger 92 and the third-stage heat exchanger 93, and is used for adsorbing impurity gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrocarbons and the like in helium; the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is located between the sixth-stage heat exchanger 96 and the seventh-stage heat exchanger 97, and is configured to adsorb impurity gases such as hydrogen and neon in helium.

In this embodiment, the 80K low-temperature adsorbers include the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 and the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 arranged in parallel, and the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 and the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 are switchable to use, that is, the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 can be regenerated simultaneously when the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 is in operation.

It should be understood that the super-flow helium refrigerator of the present invention may also have a low-temperature adsorber with a corresponding temperature at another position on the high-pressure main gas path 18, and is not limited to the 80K low-temperature adsorber and the 20K low-temperature adsorber, and the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 may also adopt two parallel structures, one for use and one for standby, which is not limited by the present invention.

Furthermore, the low-temperature adsorber group comprises a low-temperature adsorber in which the coil type heat exchanger is arranged, a front end regulating valve and a rear end switch valve which are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the low-temperature adsorber, and a bypass regulating valve which is connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit 18 and the low-temperature adsorber, the low-temperature adsorber group switches the adsorption impurity removal process and the regeneration process of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber by controlling the opening and the closing of the front end regulating valve and the rear end switch valve, and when the low-temperature adsorber is in the regeneration process, the continuous operation of the over-flow helium refrigerator is ensured by opening the corresponding bypass regulating valve.

In this embodiment, the 80K low temperature adsorber group includes a first front end regulating valve 601 and a first back end switching valve 602 respectively disposed at the front end and the back end of the first 80K low temperature adsorber 60, a second front end regulating valve 611 and a second back end switching valve 612 respectively disposed at the front end and the back end of the second 80K low temperature adsorber 61, and a first bypass regulating valve 606 disposed on the high pressure main gas path 18, and the 80K low temperature adsorber group switches the adsorption impurity removal process and the regeneration process of the first 80K low temperature adsorber 60 by controlling the opening and closing of the first front end regulating valve 601 and the first back end switching valve 602; and the adsorption impurity removal process and the regeneration process of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 are switched by controlling the opening and closing of the second front-end regulating valve 611 and the second rear-end switching valve 612; wherein the first bypass regulator valve 606 is open to ensure continuous operation of the over-flow helium refrigerator when both the first 80K cryogenic adsorber 60 and the second 80K cryogenic adsorber 61 are undergoing regeneration processes.

In this embodiment, the 20K low-temperature adsorber group further includes a third front-end regulating valve 621 and a third back-end switching valve 622 respectively disposed at the front and back ends of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62, and a second bypass regulating valve 626 disposed in parallel with the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62, and the 20K low-temperature adsorber group switches the adsorption impurity removal process and the regeneration process of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 by controlling the opening and closing of the third front-end regulating valve 621 and the third back-end switching valve 622; wherein the second bypass regulator valve 626 is open during regeneration of the 20K cryogenic adsorber 62 to ensure continuous operation of the over-flow helium chiller.

That is to say, the super flow helium refrigerator of the present invention is provided with the bypass regulating valves connected to the high-pressure main gas path 18 and the low-temperature adsorbers, and when the low-temperature adsorbers are both in the regeneration process, the main path gas in the high-pressure main gas path 18 can pass through the bypass regulating valves by opening the corresponding bypass regulating valves, so that the influence of the regeneration process of the low-temperature adsorbers on the continuous operation of the super flow helium refrigerator can be avoided.

Furthermore, the low-temperature adsorber group further comprises temperature sensors respectively arranged at the positions of a regeneration gas inlet and a middle section of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber and pressure sensors arranged between the corresponding low-temperature adsorber and a corresponding rear end switch valve, wherein the temperature sensors are used for monitoring the temperature of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber, and the pressure sensors are used for monitoring the pipeline pressure of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber.

In this embodiment, the 80K low-temperature adsorber set includes a first temperature sensor 603 and a second temperature sensor 604 respectively disposed at the regeneration gas inlet and the middle position of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60, a first pressure sensor 605 disposed between the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 and the first back-end switching valve 602, a third temperature sensor 613 and a fourth temperature sensor 614 respectively disposed at the regeneration gas inlet and the middle position of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61, and a second pressure sensor 615 disposed between the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 and the second back-end switching valve 612, wherein the first temperature sensor 603 and the second temperature sensor 604 are used for monitoring the temperature of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60, and the first pressure sensor 605 is used for monitoring the line pressure of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60; the third temperature sensor 613 and the fourth temperature sensor 614 are used to monitor the temperature of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61, and the second pressure sensor 615 is used to monitor the line pressure of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61.

In this embodiment, the 20K low temperature adsorber set includes fifth and

sixth temperature sensors

623, 624 disposed at regeneration gas inlet and mid-stream locations of the 20K low temperature adsorber 62, respectively, and a third pressure sensor 625 disposed between the 20K low temperature adsorber 62 and the third back-end switching valve 622, the fifth and

sixth temperature sensors

623, 624 configured to monitor the temperature of the 20K low temperature adsorber 62, and the third pressure sensor 625 configured to monitor the line pressure of the 20K low temperature adsorber 62.

Particularly, the super-flow helium refrigerator further comprises a desorption gas discharge pipeline connected to the corresponding low-temperature adsorber, an electric heater arranged on the desorption gas discharge pipeline, a heating regulating valve and a discharge regulating valve which are positioned at the front end and the rear end of the electric heater, a vacuum pump connected to the desorption gas discharge pipeline and an air bag, wherein the vacuum pump is used for pumping desorption gas in the low-temperature adsorber when the gas in the low-temperature adsorber reaches micro-positive pressure, the electric heater is used for heating desorption gas in the desorption gas discharge pipeline, the heating regulating valve is used for controlling and regulating the amount of desorption gas entering the electric heater, and the discharge regulating valve is used for controlling and regulating the amount of desorption gas entering the air bag.

In this particular embodiment, the desorption gas discharge line comprises a first desorption gas discharge line 63 connected to the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 and the air bags, a second desorption gas discharge line 64 connected to the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 and the air bags, and a third desorption gas discharge line 65 connected to the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 and the air bags; the electric heaters include a first electric heater 632 provided on the first desorption gas discharge line 63, a second electric heater 642 provided on the second desorption gas discharge line 64, and a third electric heater 652 provided on the third desorption gas discharge line 65; the heating regulating valves include a first heating regulating valve 631 disposed on the first desorption gas discharge line 63, a second heating regulating valve 641 disposed on the second desorption gas discharge line 64, and a third heating regulating valve 651 disposed on the third desorption gas discharge line 65, and the discharge regulating valves include a first discharge regulating valve 633 disposed on the first desorption gas discharge line 63, a second discharge regulating valve 643 disposed on the second desorption gas discharge line 64, and a third discharge regulating valve 653 disposed on the third desorption gas discharge line 65.

It is worth mentioning that an air inlet adjusting valve 67 is further arranged in front of the air bag.

It can be understood that the super flow helium refrigerator of the present invention has a low temperature adsorber regeneration system, which includes the adsorber regeneration line 22, the low temperature adsorber module, and a desorption gas discharge line, wherein the adsorber regeneration line 22 is led out from a helium normal temperature and high pressure main line, and the regeneration regulating valve 23 divides the regeneration helium gas in the adsorber regeneration line 22 into three streams, which are sent to the first 80K low temperature adsorber 60, the second 80K low temperature adsorber 61, and the 20K low temperature adsorber 62 through the first switching valve 27, the second switching valve 28, and the third switching valve 29, respectively. Coil heat exchangers are designed inside the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60, the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 and the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62, helium at normal temperature and high pressure passes through the coil heat exchangers inside the adsorbers to heat activated carbon, desorption treatment is carried out on the low-temperature adsorber needing regeneration, and then the helium for regeneration after heat exchange of partition walls of the coils returns to the low pressure of the super-flow helium refrigerator through the regenerated helium return pipeline 66.

The regeneration process of the low-temperature adsorber module according to the invention will now be described using the 80K low-temperature adsorber and the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 as examples.

In this embodiment of the invention, the first 80K low temperature adsorber 60 and the second 80K low temperature adsorber 61 are used one for standby, one for regeneration and the other for normal operation. If regeneration is required in both the first 80K low temperature adsorber 60 and the second 80K low temperature adsorber 61, the first bypass regulator valve 606 is opened so that the main gas passes through the first bypass regulator valve 606, thereby avoiding affecting continuous operation of the over-flow helium chiller.

When the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 is regenerated, the front and rear valves of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 are closed, that is, the first front-end regulating valve 601 and the first rear-end switching valve 602 are closed, and the internal space of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 may retain low-temperature helium gas at a certain pressure. In order to prevent the direct regeneration from over-pressurizing the expansion of the cryogenic gas remaining in the first 80K cryogenic adsorber 60, it is therefore necessary to first vent the cryogenic helium gas remaining in the first 80K cryogenic adsorber 60 into the bladder. Since the gas is low-temperature gas, which will frost on the pipeline after exiting the cold box, the low-temperature gas needs to be heated by the first electric heater 632 before entering the airbag, and the low-temperature gas is heated to normal temperature and then enters the airbag. The gas retained in the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 enters the airbag through the first desorbed gas exhaust line 63, and is subsequently sent to a purification system for purifying contaminated helium gas until the internal pressure of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 is normal pressure. The measure is to prevent the poor heat exchange effect between the coil pipe heat exchanger and the active carbon in the low-temperature absorber, which is introduced by the regenerated helium gas in the vacuum environment, when the internal pressure of the low-temperature absorber is too low.

In other words, the low-temperature gas remained in the low-temperature adsorber is discharged into the air bag until the internal pressure of the low-temperature adsorber is normal pressure, and then the regenerated helium is introduced into the coil heat exchanger in the low-temperature adsorber, so that the low-temperature adsorber can be prevented from being directly regenerated, the internal low-temperature gas expands to overpressure, and the internal pressure of the low-temperature adsorber can be prevented from being too low by discharging to the normal pressure, and therefore, the coil heat exchanger into which the regenerated helium is introduced and the activated carbon in the low-temperature adsorber can have a good heat exchange effect under the regeneration working condition of the adsorber.

When most of the low-temperature gas retained in the space of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 enters the airbag, when the internal pressure of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 is normal pressure, the first switch valve 27 is opened, helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure enters the interior of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60, the activated carbon in the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 is heated through the coil type heat exchanger, and the activated carbon with saturated adsorption is desorbed. The regenerated helium gas after the heat exchange process of the partition walls of the coil pipe returns to the low pressure of the super-flow helium refrigerator through the regenerated helium gas return pipeline 66, namely enters the low-pressure gas return pipeline 20.

It should be noted that two temperature sensors are disposed on the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60, including the first temperature sensor 603 and the second temperature sensor 604, which are respectively located at the regeneration gas inlet and the middle position of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60. Monitoring the temperature of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 by the first temperature sensor 603 and the second temperature sensor 604, and monitoring the desorption process of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60. The first pressure sensor 605 is disposed between the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 and the first back-end switching valve 602, and the first pressure sensor 605 is configured to monitor a line pressure of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60.

The regenerated helium heats the activated carbon, and the gas desorbed in the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 is discharged into the air bag. When the gas in the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 reaches the micro-positive pressure, the vacuum pump is turned on to pump out the gas retained in the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60, and at this time, the first electric heater 632 selects whether to heat the exhaust gas according to the temperature of the exhaust gas, so as to prevent the pipeline from frosting, and the vacuum pump can be protected when the vacuum pump is turned on. And when the pressure of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 reaches the negative pressure, the vacuum pump is closed.

In actual production, whether desorption of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 is completed or not is judged according to time. After the desorption of first 80K low temperature adsorber 60 is accomplished, close first ooff valve 27 is opened first rear end ooff valve 602 slowly opens first front end governing valve 601 gives first front end governing valve 601 a little aperture makes first 80K low temperature adsorber 60 slowly cools down, and is up to cooling down to 80K work warm area, this moment first 80K low temperature adsorber 60 regeneration process is accomplished.

It is understood that the regeneration of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 is identical to the regeneration of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60. In practical production, the working regeneration time of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 and the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 is designed and arranged, for example, the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60 works for 24 hours, and the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 regenerates for 24 hours, and the two 80K low-temperature adsorbers are used and used one by one and are alternated mutually, and the regeneration of the 80K low-temperature adsorbers does not influence the continuous operation of the over-flow helium refrigerator. The regeneration operation rotation time is only used as an example, and the actual arrangement is subject to the actual design of the parameters of the over-flow helium refrigerator.

The regeneration process of the 20K low temperature adsorber 62 is slightly different. When the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is regenerated, the second bypass adjusting valve 626 is opened, and the main gas passes through the second bypass adjusting valve 626, so that the continuous operation of the super flow helium refrigerator is not influenced.

When the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is regenerated, the front and rear valves are closed, that is, the third front end regulating valve 621 and the third rear end switching valve 622 are closed. The inside space of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 will retain a certain pressure of low-temperature helium gas, and in order to prevent the direct regeneration from causing overpressure expansion of the low-temperature gas retained in the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62, the low-temperature helium gas retained in the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 needs to be discharged into the air bag first. Since the gas is low-temperature gas, and the low-temperature gas is frosted on a pipeline after exiting from the cold box, the low-temperature gas needs to be heated by the third electric heater 652 before entering the airbag, and the low-temperature gas is heated to normal temperature and then enters the airbag. And the gas retained in the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 enters the air bag through the third desorption gas discharge pipeline 65, and is subsequently sent into a purification system for purifying contaminated helium gas until the internal pressure of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is normal pressure. The measure is to prevent the poor heat exchange effect between the coil heat exchanger which is used for introducing the regenerated helium gas in the vacuum environment and the activated carbon in the low-temperature absorber when the internal pressure of the 20K low-temperature absorber 62 is too low.

When most of the low-temperature gas retained in the space of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 enters the air bag, and the internal pressure of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is normal pressure, the third on-off valve 29 is opened, helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure enters the inside of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62, activated carbon in the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is heated through the coil type heat exchanger, and desorption is carried out on the activated carbon with saturated adsorption. The regenerated helium which is subjected to heat exchange through the wall of the coil pipe returns to the low pressure of the super-flow helium refrigerator through the regenerated helium return pipeline 66, namely enters the low-pressure return pipeline 20.

It should be noted that two temperature sensors, namely, the fifth temperature sensor 623 and the sixth temperature sensor 624, are disposed on the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 and are respectively located at the regeneration gas inlet and the middle position of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62. The desorption process monitoring of the 20K low temperature adsorber 62 is performed by monitoring the temperature of the 20K low temperature adsorber 62 via the fifth temperature sensor 623 and the sixth temperature sensor 624. The third pressure sensor 625 is disposed between the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 and the third back-end switching valve 622, and the third pressure sensor 625 is configured to monitor a line pressure of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62.

The regenerated helium gas heats the activated carbon, and the gas desorbed from the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is discharged into the air bag. When the gas in the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 reaches a micro-positive pressure, the vacuum pump is turned on to pump out the gas remaining in the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62, and at this time, the third electric heater 652 selects whether to heat the exhaust gas according to the exhaust gas temperature, so that the pipe is prevented from frosting, and the vacuum pump can be protected when the vacuum pump is started. And when the pressure of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 reaches the negative pressure, the vacuum pump is closed.

In actual production, whether desorption of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is completed is judged according to time. After the desorption of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is completed, the third switch valve 29 is closed, the third rear switch valve 622 is opened, the third front end adjusting valve 621 is opened slowly, the third front end adjusting valve 621 is given a small opening degree, so that the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is cooled slowly until the temperature is reduced to a 20K working temperature area, the third front end adjusting valve 621 is opened completely, the second bypass adjusting valve 626 is closed completely, the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is connected to a main circuit of an overflow helium refrigerator to work normally, and at the moment, the regeneration process of the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 is completed.

The regeneration processes of the first 80K low-temperature adsorber 60, the second 80K low-temperature adsorber 61 and the 20K low-temperature adsorber 62 are all automatic online regeneration, and continuous operation of the super-flow helium refrigerator is not influenced during regeneration.

It should be understood that, compared with the existing mode of directly purging the activated carbon in the adsorber by using the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas for desorption, the low-temperature adsorber module of the invention uses a part of the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas in the helium gas main gas circuit to enter the coil tube type heat exchanger of the low-temperature adsorber for performing the coil tube partition wall heat exchange process to heat the activated carbon for desorption treatment, and the regenerated helium gas passing through the coil tube partition wall heat exchange process is returned to the low pressure of the super-flow helium refrigerator through the gas return pipeline. An electric heater is not arranged outside the low-temperature adsorber for heating and desorption, so that the danger of dry burning and vacuum discharge of the electric heater in a high vacuum environment is avoided; meanwhile, the helium consumption can be reduced, and the flow of the main flow helium of the super flow helium refrigerator is not influenced. The whole regeneration process of the low-temperature adsorber module can be automatically carried out on line, and the continuous normal operation of the super-flow helium refrigerator is not influenced.

It should also be understood that the present invention monitors the internal pressure of the corresponding low-temperature adsorber by using the corresponding pressure sensor, and controls the operation mode of the vacuum pump according to the monitored internal pressure value, and the desorption gas in the low-temperature adsorber is pumped out and discharged to the air bag by the vacuum pump. The method has the advantages that the low-temperature gas reserved in the low-temperature adsorber is discharged into the air bag until the internal pressure of the low-temperature adsorber is normal pressure, and then the regenerated helium is introduced into the coil pipe heat exchanger in the low-temperature adsorber, so that the low-temperature adsorber can be prevented from being directly regenerated, the internal low-temperature gas expands to overpressure, and the internal pressure of the low-temperature adsorber can be prevented from being too low by discharging the gas to the normal pressure, so that the coil pipe heat exchanger into which the regenerated helium is introduced and the activated carbon in the low-temperature adsorber can have a good heat exchange effect under the regeneration working condition of the adsorber.

It can be understood that the super flow helium refrigerator provides multi-temperature-zone cold for external loads, such as 50-75K temperature zone load, 4.5-75K temperature zone load, 2K load, and the like. And mixing the fluid of the load return line in the temperature range of 50-75K with the helium of the 75K refrigerating machine, and entering a first turbo expansion unit for re-expansion. Whether the fluid loaded with the backflow in the temperature region of 50-75K can reach the inlet design parameter of the first turbo expansion unit influences whether the first turbo expansion unit can operate under the design working condition or not, and the optimal working condition is reached.

Therefore, particularly, the super-flow helium refrigerator further comprises a 50-75K temperature-region load temperature-exchanging pipeline which is arranged in the refrigerator cold box 10 and connected to the first turbo-expansion unit, and a 50-75K temperature-region load 101 which is connected to the 50-75K temperature-region load temperature-exchanging pipeline, wherein the helium gas before entering the first turbo-expansion unit is subjected to temperature exchanging through the 50-75K temperature-region load temperature-exchanging pipeline, so that the fluid parameters entering the first turbo-expansion unit can reach the design parameters of the mechanical inlet of the impeller, the multistage turbo-expansion unit can operate in the optimal working condition, and the overall performance of the super-flow helium refrigerator can be improved.

Specifically, the 50-75K temperature range load temperature-exchanging pipeline includes a 50K helium pipeline 50 connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit 18, a load flow-removing pipeline 52 connected to inlets of the 50K helium pipeline 50 and the 50-75K temperature range load 101, a temperature-exchanging pipeline 53 connected to the 50K helium pipeline 50, a return pipeline 56 connected to an outlet of the 50-75K temperature range load 101, and a helium gas passing pipeline 57 connected to the return pipeline 56, the temperature-exchanging pipeline 53 and the first turbo expander set, the 50K helium pipeline 50 is provided with a 50K helium gas regulating valve 51, the temperature-exchanging pipeline 53 is provided with a temperature-exchanging pipeline regulating valve 54 and a temperature-exchanging pipeline heater 55, and the return pipeline 56 is provided with a return pipeline regulating valve 59, wherein the temperature-exchanging pipeline 53 is used for regulating the temperature of the helium gas in the return pipeline 56 through the temperature-exchanging pipeline regulating valve 54 and the temperature-exchanging pipeline heater 55, so that the helium gas entering the first turbo expander set through the helium gas passing pipeline 57 can meet the requirements of the inlet temperature and pressure of the first turbo expander set.

It is worth mentioning that the connection between the 50K helium circuit 50 and the high pressure main gas circuit 18 is located between the fourth stage heat exchanger 94 and the fifth stage heat exchanger 95.

The working principle of the 50-75K temperature zone load temperature-changing pipeline is as follows: when the helium temperature in the return line 56 is too high, the 50K cold fluid in the temperature adding line 53 directly adds temperature to the hot fluid in the return line 56, and the target parameters are the inlet design temperature and the design pressure of the fourth turbine 38 of the first turboexpander set. The helium gas after the temperature charging is mixed with the 75K helium gas of the inlet pipeline 58 of the first turbo expander set connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit 18 through the helium gas passing pipeline 57, and enters the first turbo expander set for re-expansion. When the temperature of the helium in the return pipeline 56 is too low, the temperature exchanging pipeline heater 55 in the temperature exchanging pipeline 53 is started to heat the helium in the temperature exchanging pipeline 53, the heated hot helium and the return cold helium in the return pipeline 56 are exchanged at a temperature, and the helium after being exchanged at the temperature is mixed with the 75K helium from the inlet pipeline 58 of the first turbo expansion unit through the helium passing pipeline 57 and enters the first turbo expansion unit for re-expansion.

It can be understood that the design of the load temperature-exchanging pipeline of the temperature range of 50 to 75K enables helium parameters in the return pipeline 56 of the load 101 of the temperature range of 50 to 75K to meet the requirements of design parameters (design temperature and design pressure) of the inlet of the fourth turbine 38, so that the first turboexpander set can operate under the design working condition to reach the optimal working condition point, and the improvement of the overall performance of the super flow helium refrigerator is facilitated.

Further, the super flow helium refrigerator of the present invention may pre-cool the normal temperature and high pressure helium gas discharged from the high pressure compressor 2 into the cold box by liquid nitrogen pre-cooling or turbine expansion cooling.

Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, the helium gas pre-cooling module is a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling device, the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling device includes a helium gas passage regulating valve 30 connected to the high-pressure main gas passage 18, a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger 31 connected to the helium gas passage regulating valve 30, a liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline 32 connected to the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger 31, and a liquid nitrogen inlet regulating valve 33 arranged on the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline 32, an outlet of the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger 31 is connected to the high-pressure main gas passage 18 and is located between an outlet of the second-stage heat exchanger 92 and an inlet of the cryoadsorber set, the high-pressure main gas passage 18 is further provided with a helium gas high-pressure main path regulating valve 181, the pre-cooling module performs pre-cooling on the normal-temperature and high-pressure helium gas through liquid nitrogen introduced through the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline 32, and regulates an amount of helium gas entering the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger 31 through the helium gas high-pressure main path regulating valve 181 and the helium gas passage regulating valve 30, and regulates an amount of liquid nitrogen entering the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger 31 through the liquid nitrogen inlet regulating valve 33.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the helium pre-cooling module is a turbo-expansion pre-cooling device, the turbo-expansion pre-cooling device includes a pre-cooling turbo-expansion unit formed by serially connecting a first turbine 34, a second turbine 35, and a third turbine 36, and a first inlet adjusting valve 37 disposed between an outlet of the first-stage heat exchanger 91 and an inlet of the first turbine 34, and an outlet of the pre-cooling turbo-expansion unit is connected to the medium-pressure gas return path 19.

It can be understood that the super flow helium refrigerator uses the precooling turboexpander set composed of three turboexpanders connected in series to precool the helium gas to 80K at normal temperature and high pressure. The precooling turboexpander set is adopted for precooling, so that the super-flow helium refrigerator can be suitable for occasions without liquid nitrogen or unsuitable for precooling by liquid nitrogen, for example, when the super-flow helium refrigerator is used for cooling a superconducting magnet and an accelerator in a tunnel, the tunnel is a closed space, and when the liquid nitrogen is adopted for precooling, if the nitrogen is leaked, the difference between the density of the nitrogen and the density of air is not large, so that workers in the tunnel are easy to suffocate.

It should be understood that the super flow helium refrigerator of the present invention may only use a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling device or a pre-cooling turboexpander set to pre-cool helium gas, or may also be provided with a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling device and the pre-cooling turboexpander set at the same time, which is not limited in this respect.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the supersonic helium refrigerator is provided with both the liquid nitrogen precooling device and the precooling turboexpander set, and any one of the precooling modules may be selectively used in use, that is, when the precooling turboexpander set is used for precooling, the supersonic helium refrigerator also reserves an interface for precooling liquid nitrogen. Therefore, the super-flow helium refrigerator is suitable for various application occasions by arranging two precooling modules, and the application range of the super-flow helium refrigerator is favorably expanded.

It is worth mentioning that in this embodiment of the invention, the pre-cooling turboexpander set pre-cools the helium gas from 300K to 80K.

Further, the specific structure of the multistage turboexpander set is as follows:

the first turbo-expander set comprises a fourth turbine 38 and a fifth turbine 39 which are arranged in series, and a second inlet regulating valve 40 which is arranged between the outlet of the third-stage heat exchanger 93 and the inlet of the fourth turbine 38, the inlet of the fourth turbine 38 is connected to the helium passing pipeline 57 of the load temperature-changing pipeline in the temperature range of 50-75K, the outlet of the fifth turbine 39 is connected to the medium-pressure gas return circuit 19, and the first turbo-expander set cools the helium from 75K to 50K. And the return gas of the load 101 in the temperature range of 50-75K is mixed with 75K helium of the inlet pipeline 58 of the first turbo expansion unit and then enters the first turbo expansion unit for re-expansion.

The second turbo-expander set comprises a sixth turbine 41 and a seventh turbine 42 which are arranged in series, and a third inlet regulating valve 43 which is arranged between the outlet of the fifth stage heat exchanger 95 and the inlet of the sixth turbine 41, the outlet of the seventh turbine 42 is connected to the medium pressure gas return path 19, and the second turbo-expander set cools helium gas from 23K to 15K.

The third turbo-expander train comprises an eighth turbine 44 and a ninth turbine 45 arranged in series, and a fourth inlet regulating valve 46 arranged between the outlet of the 20K cryogenic adsorber 62 and the inlet of the eighth turbine 44, the outlet of the ninth turbine 45 being connected to the low pressure gas return path 20, the third turbo-expander train cooling the helium gas from 14K to 6K.

The fourth turboexpander train includes a tenth turbine 47, a fifth inlet regulating valve 48 disposed between the outlet of the seventh stage heat exchanger 97 and the inlet of the tenth turbine 47, and a final stage turbine bypass valve 49 disposed in the high pressure main gas path 18 between the seventh stage heat exchanger 97 and the eighth stage heat exchanger 98, the outlet of the tenth turbine 47 being connected to the high pressure main gas path 18. In this embodiment, the fourth turboexpander set is a final turboexpander set, and the helium gas cooled by the fourth turboexpander set enters the eighth heat exchanger 98 to exchange heat, so as to form 5.3K of supercritical helium.

It should be mentioned that the super-flow helium refrigerator further includes a cold box bypass pipeline 11 connected to the outlet of the fourth turboexpander set and the low-pressure gas return circuit 20, and a cold box bypass valve 12 disposed on the cold box bypass pipeline 11, where the cold box bypass valve 12 is used to realize a regulation function when the super-flow helium refrigerator 4K is partially cooled.

Further, the throttle valve group comprises a first throttle valve 13 and a second throttle valve 14 which are arranged in parallel, an air return valve 15 is further arranged between a gas-phase outlet of the subcooler 104 and the low-pressure air return circuit 20, and a third throttle valve 16 is further arranged between the ninth-stage heat exchanger 99 and an inlet of the gas-liquid separator 105;

a part of supercritical helium output by the high-pressure main gas circuit 18 is throttled by the first throttling valve 13 into a gas-liquid two-phase state, the liquid phase is accumulated in the subcooler 104, and the gas phase enters the low-pressure gas return circuit 20 through the gas return valve 15; the other part of supercritical helium enters the subcooler 104 after being throttled by the second throttling valve 14, is subcooled by liquid helium of liquid accumulated in the subcooler 104 to form subcooled supercritical helium, the subcooled supercritical helium flows out of the subcooler 104, one part of the subcooled supercritical helium is supplied to the load 102 in the temperature range of 4.5-75K, the other part of the subcooled supercritical helium enters the ninth-stage heat exchanger 99, is throttled into a gas-liquid two-phase state through the third throttling valve 16, the liquid phase is accumulated in the gas-liquid separator 105, the gas phase is discharged from a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 105, is converged with return gas of the 2K load 103 and enters the ninth-stage heat exchanger 99 for heat exchange, and the helium after heat exchange enters the cold compressor unit.

It is understood that in this particular embodiment, the subcooler 104 is a helium subcooler and the gas-liquid separator 105 is a 2K gas-liquid separator.

Specifically, the cold compressor set comprises a sixth inlet regulating valve 70, a first cold compressor 71, a second cold compressor 72, a third cold compressor 73, a fourth cold compressor 74 and a first outlet regulating valve 75 which are arranged in series, and the super flow helium refrigerator further comprises a cold compressor set bypass line 76 connected in parallel to the cold compressor set and a bypass line regulating valve 77 arranged on the cold compressor set bypass line 76.

It should be noted that the cold compressor set bypass line 76 and the bypass line regulating valve 77 are used for supplying return helium gas to the negative pressure return end of the fifth stage heat exchanger 95 when the liquid helium level in the gas-liquid separator 105 is not a certain value.

Further, the super-flow helium refrigerator further comprises a gas management panel, wherein the gas management panel is used for adjusting and controlling the inlet and outlet pressures of the medium-pressure compressor 1 and the high-pressure compressor 2, and comprises a medium-pressure bypass valve 5 connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit 18 and the medium-pressure gas return circuit 19, a low-pressure bypass valve 6 connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit 18 and the low-pressure gas return circuit 20, a loading valve 9 and a buffer tank unloading valve 7 connected to the low-pressure gas return circuit 20 and the high-pressure main gas circuit 18, and a buffer tank 8 connected between the loading valve 9 and the buffer tank unloading valve 7.

It is worth mentioning that the super flow helium refrigerator further comprises a check valve 4 arranged between the negative pressure compressor 3 and the high pressure compressor 2, wherein the check valve 4 is used for preventing the helium gas at the outlet of the negative pressure compressor 3 from flowing backwards.

Further, in this specific embodiment, the super flow helium refrigerator further includes a load cold box 17, the gas-liquid separator 105, the 4.5-75K temperature zone load 102, the 2K load 103, the 50-75K temperature zone load 101, the ninth-stage heat exchanger 99, and the third throttle valve 16 are all disposed in the load cold box 17, and the refrigerator cold box 10 and the load cold box 17 are connected by a multi-channel transmission pipeline.

It should be mentioned that the multichannel transmission pipeline includes a first pipeline 81, a second pipeline 82, a third pipeline 83, a fourth pipeline 84, a fifth pipeline 85 and a sixth pipeline 86, the load 101 in the temperature range of 50-75K is connected with the load-shedding pipeline 52 through the first pipeline 81, and is connected with the return pipeline 56 through the second pipeline 82; the load 102 in the temperature zone of 4.5-75K is connected with the liquid phase outlet of the subcooler 104 through the third pipeline 83, and is connected with the low-pressure gas return circuit 20 through the fourth pipeline 84; the ninth stage heat exchanger 99 is connected to the liquid phase outlet of the subcooler 104 through the fifth line 85 and to the inlet of the cold compressor train through the sixth line 86.

It is understood that, in some embodiments of the present invention, the super flow helium refrigerator may also place refrigeration core components, such as a helium pre-cooling module, the low temperature adsorber module, the multistage turbo-expansion unit, the heat exchanger set, the 50-75K temperature range load temperature exchanging pipeline, the throttle valve set, the subcooler 104, the gas-liquid separator 105, the cold compressor set, and the like, in a cold box, so as to improve the compactness, reliability, and efficiency of the overall structure of the super flow helium refrigerator, and reduce the overall volume and floor space, which is not limited by the present invention.

The working flow of the super-flow helium refrigerator is as follows:

(1) A part of the helium gas with normal temperature and high pressure discharged by the high-pressure compressor 2 enters the cold box through the inlet of the cold box;

(2) And a small part of the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas entering the cold box is separated and enters the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger 31 to be pre-cooled to 80K by liquid nitrogen (liquid nitrogen pre-cooling). Or the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas entering the cold box is cooled to a certain temperature by the return cold helium gas through the first-stage heat exchanger 91, and then a flow of fluid is separated out and enters the precooling turboexpander set to be precooled to 80K by the precooling turboexpander set (precooling by the turboexpander set). Returning air from the outlet of the pre-cooling turboexpander set to the medium pressure, and making the returning air flow through the second-stage heat exchanger 92 and the first-stage heat exchanger 91 and enter the air suction port of the high-pressure compressor 2. It is worth mentioning that liquid nitrogen pre-cooling and pre-cooling turbine expansion unit pre-cooling are selected alternatively, and can not be carried out simultaneously;

(3) After being precooled, helium in the other high-pressure main path enters an 80K low-temperature adsorber set to remove impurity gases in the helium, such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrocarbons and the like, and then is cooled by the return cold helium through the third-stage heat exchanger 93, and a part of helium enters the first turbo expansion unit through the inlet pipeline 58 of the first turbo expansion unit and is cooled to 50K from 75K. Returning the outlet gas of the first turboexpander set to the medium pressure, and making the outlet gas flow in a reverse manner through the fourth-stage heat exchanger 94, the third-stage heat exchanger 93, the second-stage heat exchanger 92 and the first-stage heat exchanger 91 and then enter the suction port of the high-pressure compressor 2; another part of helium passes through the fourth-stage heat exchanger 94 to exchange heat to form 50K helium, and one part of 50K helium passes through the 50K helium pipeline 50 and is divided into two parts, one part enters the load flow removal pipeline 52 and is sent to the load 101 at the temperature range of 50-75K, and the other part enters the temperature mixing pipeline 53 and is mixed with helium in the return pipeline 56 for temperature mixing. The helium gas after temperature charging enters the helium gas passing pipeline 57, is mixed with 75K helium gas from an inlet pipeline 58 of the first turbo expansion unit, and then enters the first turbo expansion unit again for re-expansion;

(4) After passing through the fifth-stage heat exchanger 95, a part of the gas in the high-pressure main gas circuit 18 enters the second turboexpander set, and is cooled to 15K from 23K, helium gas at the outlet of the second turboexpander set returns to the medium pressure, and the gas passes through the sixth-stage heat exchanger 96, the fifth-stage heat exchanger 95, the fourth-stage heat exchanger 94, the third-stage heat exchanger 93, the second-stage heat exchanger 92 and the first-stage heat exchanger 91 in a countercurrent manner and enters the suction port of the high-pressure compressor 2;

(5) After passing through the sixth-stage heat exchanger 96, the gas in the remaining high-pressure main gas circuit 18 enters a 20K low-temperature adsorber set to remove impurity gases such as hydrogen, neon and the like in the helium, a part of the helium after impurity removal enters the third turbo expander set and is cooled to 6K from 14K, the gas at the outlet of the third turbo expander set returns to low pressure, and the gas passes through the seventh-stage heat exchanger 97, the sixth-stage heat exchanger 96, the fifth-stage heat exchanger 95, the fourth-stage heat exchanger 94, the third-stage heat exchanger 93, the second-stage heat exchanger 92 and the first-stage heat exchanger 91 in a countercurrent manner and then enters the gas suction port of the medium-pressure compressor 1;

(6) After passing through the seventh-stage heat exchanger 97, the other part of helium after impurity removal enters the eighth-stage heat exchanger 98 after passing through the fourth turbo expander set to exchange heat with the returned cold helium, and then the helium in the high-pressure main gas path 18 reaches a supercritical state, so that supercritical helium is formed. The supercritical helium is divided into two parts, wherein one part of the supercritical helium is throttled by the first throttling valve 13 into a gas-liquid two-phase gas, the liquid phase is accumulated in the subcooler 104, and the gas phase is returned to the low-pressure gas return path 20 through the gas return valve 15. The other part of supercritical helium enters the subcooler 104 after being throttled by the second throttling valve 14, and is subcooled into the supercritical helium subcooled by the liquid helium in the subcooler 104, namely the supercritical helium subcooled by 4.5k @ 3bara. The supercooled supercritical helium flows out from a liquid phase outlet of the supercooler 104, a small part of the supercooled supercritical helium is separated and enters the load cold box 17 through the third pipeline 83 in the multi-channel transmission pipeline, and the load is supplied to the load 102 in the 4.5-75K temperature zone. The return air of the load 102 in the temperature zone of 4.5-75K enters the refrigerator cold box 10 through the fourth pipeline 84 in the multi-channel transmission pipeline and returns to the low-pressure suction side of the second-stage heat exchanger 92. Most of the super-cooled supercritical helium enters the load cold box 17 through the fifth pipeline 85 in the multichannel transmission pipeline, passes through the ninth-stage heat exchanger 99, is throttled into a gas-liquid two-phase through the third throttle valve 16, accumulates liquid in the gas-liquid separator 105, returns gas from a gas-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 105, is mixed with the return gas of the 2K load 103, flows back through the ninth-stage heat exchanger 99, enters the refrigerator cold box 10 through the sixth pipeline 86 in the multichannel transmission pipeline, and then enters the cold compressor set. When the liquid helium level in the gas-liquid separator 105 is lower than a certain value, returning helium gas from the cold compressor set bypass pipeline 76 and the bypass pipeline regulating valve 77 to the negative pressure gas return end of the fifth-stage heat exchanger 95;

(7) When the liquid helium level in the gas-liquid separator 105 reaches a certain value, the cold compressor set is started to depressurize the helium gas in the gas-liquid separator 105 to an overflow helium saturation pressure of 0.03bar, thereby forming 2K of saturated overflow helium in the gas-liquid separator 105. The 2K saturated super flow helium flows out from the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 105 and is sent to the 2K load 103. The return air of the 2K load 103 is mixed with the return air of the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 105, and the mixture returns to the ninth-stage heat exchanger 99, and then enters the refrigerator cold box 10 through the sixth pipeline 86 in the multi-channel transmission pipeline, and enters the cold compressor set.

(8) The cold compressor train increases the downstream pipeline helium pressure from 0.03bar to 0.5bar. The negative pressure helium gas of 0.5bar sequentially enters the negative pressure channels of the fifth stage heat exchanger 95, the fourth stage heat exchanger 94, the third stage heat exchanger 93, the second stage heat exchanger 92 and the first stage heat exchanger 91, becomes the negative pressure helium gas of 0.4bar after layer-by-layer pressure drop, and enters the air suction port of the negative pressure compressor 3. The negative pressure compressor 3 compresses the 0.4bar negative pressure helium gas to the medium pressure of 4.05bar, and the helium gas is mixed with the medium pressure gas from the outlet of the medium pressure compressor 1 and the return gas from the medium pressure return gas circuit 19 and is sent to the suction port of the high pressure compressor 2 together to complete a helium gas circulation.

(9) And the other part of the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas discharged by the high-pressure compressor 2 enters the low-temperature adsorber module through the adsorber regeneration pipeline 22, and the activated carbon is subjected to a coil partition heat exchange process through a coil heat exchanger of the low-temperature adsorber module, so that desorption treatment on the activated carbon is realized, and thus the regeneration process of the low-temperature adsorber module is completed, wherein the regenerated helium gas which passes through the coil partition heat exchange process enters the low-pressure gas return circuit 20 through the regenerated helium gas return pipeline 66, and is converged with the gas of the low-pressure gas return circuit 20 to enter the medium-pressure compressor 1.

It can be understood that the automatic online regeneration pipelines of the 80K temperature-zone low-temperature adsorber set and the 20K temperature-zone low-temperature adsorber set are designed for the super-flow helium refrigerator, the regeneration process of the 80K low-temperature adsorber set and the 20K low-temperature adsorber set is automatic online regeneration, and the continuous operation of the super-flow helium refrigerator is not influenced during regeneration. The regeneration system of the low-temperature adsorber adopts normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas to perform coil pipe partition wall heat exchange through a coil pipe type heat exchanger in the corresponding low-temperature adsorber to heat activated carbon, desorption treatment is performed, and regenerated helium gas subjected to coil pipe partition wall heat exchange is returned to the low pressure of the super-flow helium refrigerator through an air return pipeline. An electric heater is not arranged outside the low-temperature adsorber for heating and desorption, so that the danger of dry burning and vacuum discharge of the electric heater in a high vacuum environment is avoided; meanwhile, the helium consumption can be reduced, and the flow of the main helium is not influenced.

The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above examples only express preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The super-flow helium refrigerator with the absorber regeneration pipeline is characterized by comprising a compressor unit, a refrigerator cold box, a helium pre-cooling module, a low-temperature absorber module, a multi-stage turbo expansion unit, a heat exchanger group, a throttle valve group, a subcooler and a cold compressor unit, wherein the helium pre-cooling module, the low-temperature absorber module, the multi-stage turbo expansion unit, the heat exchanger group, the throttle valve group, the subcooler and the cold compressor unit are all arranged in the refrigerator cold box; the gas-liquid separator, the 4.5-75K temperature zone load and the 2K load are all arranged outside the refrigerator cold box;

the low-temperature adsorber module is used for carrying out an adsorption impurity removal process on the helium gas which enters the cold box and is at normal temperature and high pressure;

the multistage turbo-expander set comprises a first turbo-expander set, a second turbo-expander set, a third turbo-expander set and a fourth turbo-expander set and is used for performing a multistage cooling process on the normal-temperature high-pressure helium gas entering the cold box;

the heat exchanger group is used for performing a multi-stage heat exchange process on the helium gas at normal temperature and high pressure entering the cold box;

the super-flow helium refrigerator comprises a high-pressure main gas circuit, a medium-pressure gas return circuit, a low-pressure gas return circuit, a negative-pressure gas return circuit and an adsorber regeneration pipeline; the inlet of the high-pressure main gas path is connected with the inlet of the cold box, and the outlet of the high-pressure main gas path is connected with the inlet of the subcooler; the inlet of the medium-pressure gas return circuit is connected to the outlet of the second turbo expander set, and the outlet of the medium-pressure gas return circuit is connected to the gas suction port of the high-pressure compressor; the inlet of the low-pressure gas return circuit is connected with the gas phase outlet of the subcooler, and the outlet of the low-pressure gas return circuit is connected with the air suction port of the medium-pressure compressor; the inlet of the negative pressure gas return path is connected with the outlet of the cold compressor unit, and the outlet of the negative pressure gas return path is connected with the gas suction port of the negative pressure compressor; the inlet of the adsorber regeneration pipeline is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure compressor, and the outlet of the adsorber regeneration pipeline is connected with the low-temperature adsorber module;

a liquid phase outlet of the subcooler is connected with an inlet of the 4.5-75K temperature zone load and an inlet of the gas-liquid separator, an outlet of the 4.5-75K temperature zone load is connected with the low-pressure gas return circuit, a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the 2K load, and an outlet of the 2K load and a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator are both connected with an inlet of the cold compressor unit;

part of normal-temperature high-pressure helium discharged by the high-pressure compressor enters the high-pressure main gas circuit through an inlet of the cold box, is precooled by the helium precooling module, then is subjected to a multi-stage cooling process by the multi-stage turbo expansion unit, is subjected to a multi-stage heat exchange process by the heat exchanger group, and is subjected to an adsorption impurity removal process by the low-temperature adsorber module to form supercritical helium, the supercritical helium is throttled by the throttle valve group and the subcooler to form subcooled supercritical helium, and part of the subcooled supercritical helium enters the load of the 4.5-75K temperature zone; the other part of the super-cooled supercritical helium is divided into a gas phase and a liquid phase after throttling, the liquid phase enters the gas-liquid separator to accumulate liquid, when the liquid helium of the accumulated liquid reaches a preset liquid level, the cold compressor unit is started, the liquid helium in the gas-liquid separator is decompressed to form 2K saturated super-flow helium, and the 2K saturated super-flow helium enters the 2K load; gas phase is discharged from a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and is converged with the return gas loaded with 2K to enter the cold compressor unit, the gas phase is subjected to pressure increase by the cold compressor unit and then flows back to enter a negative pressure channel of the heat exchanger unit, negative pressure helium is formed after multi-stage pressure reduction, the negative pressure helium enters the negative pressure compressor and is compressed to medium pressure, and is mixed with medium pressure gas discharged from the medium pressure compressor and gas of the medium pressure return gas circuit and then enters the high pressure compressor, so that a helium circulation is completed;

2. The over-flow helium chiller with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 1, wherein the cryogenic adsorber module comprises a plurality of cryogenic adsorber sets connected to the high pressure main gas line, the cryogenic adsorber sets for adsorptive removal of impurity gases from helium in the high pressure main gas line, the over-flow helium chiller further comprising a regeneration modulation valve disposed on the adsorber regeneration line, an adsorber regeneration branch connected to the regeneration modulation valve, and a switching valve disposed on the adsorber regeneration branch; the normal-temperature high-pressure helium in the adsorber regeneration pipeline respectively enters the corresponding low-temperature adsorber groups through the adsorber regeneration branch circuits, and the overflow helium refrigerator controls the amount of normal-temperature high-pressure helium entering the corresponding low-temperature adsorber groups through the regeneration adjusting valves and the corresponding switch valves.

3. The over-flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration pipeline according to claim 2, wherein the cryoadsorber set comprises a cryoadsorber in which the coil heat exchanger is disposed, a front end regulating valve and a rear end switching valve disposed at front and rear ends of the cryoadsorber, and a bypass regulating valve connected to the high-pressure main gas path and the cryoadsorber, and the cryoadsorber set switches between an adsorption impurity removal process and a regeneration process of the cryoadsorber by controlling opening and closing of the front end regulating valve and the rear end switching valve, and ensures continuous operation of the over-flow helium refrigerator by opening the corresponding bypass regulating valve when the cryoadsorber is in the regeneration process.

4. The over-flow helium chiller with adsorber regeneration line of claim 3, further comprising temperature sensors disposed at regeneration gas inlet and mid-section locations of the respective low temperature adsorbers for monitoring temperatures of the respective low temperature adsorbers and pressure sensors disposed between the respective low temperature adsorbers and their respective back-end on-off valves for monitoring line pressures of the respective low temperature adsorbers.

5. The over-flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration line according to claim 4, further comprising a desorption gas discharge line connected to the corresponding low-temperature adsorber, an electric heater disposed on the desorption gas discharge line, and a heating regulating valve and a discharge regulating valve located at front and rear ends of the electric heater, a vacuum pump connected to the desorption gas discharge line, and an air bag, wherein the vacuum pump is configured to pump out the desorption gas in the low-temperature adsorber when the gas in the low-temperature adsorber reaches a slight positive pressure, the electric heater is configured to heat the desorption gas in the desorption gas discharge line, the heating regulating valve is configured to control and regulate an amount of desorption gas entering the electric heater, and the discharge regulating valve is configured to control and regulate an amount of desorption gas entering the air bag.

6. The over-flow helium refrigerator with adsorber regeneration line of claim 5, wherein the cryogenic adsorber set comprises an 80K cryogenic adsorber set and a 20K cryogenic adsorber set, the 80K cryogenic adsorber set comprising two 80K cryogenic adsorbers arranged in parallel, the 80K cryogenic adsorbers comprising a first 80K cryogenic adsorber and a second 80K cryogenic adsorber, the 20K cryogenic adsorber set comprising a 20K cryogenic adsorber arranged in the high pressure main gas path; the adsorber regeneration branch comprises a first adsorber regeneration branch connected with the regeneration regulating valve and the first 80K low-temperature adsorber, a second adsorber regeneration branch connected with the regeneration regulating valve and the second 80K low-temperature adsorber, and a third adsorber regeneration branch connected with the regeneration regulating valve and the 20K low-temperature adsorber, wherein the switch valve comprises a first switch valve arranged on the first adsorber regeneration branch, a second switch valve arranged on the second adsorber regeneration branch, and a third switch valve arranged on the third adsorber regeneration branch.

7. The over-flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 6, wherein the 80K cryoadsorber set further comprises a first front-end regulating valve and a first back-end switching valve respectively disposed at front and back ends of the first 80K cryoadsorber, a second front-end regulating valve and a second back-end switching valve respectively disposed at front and back ends of the second 80K cryoadsorber, and a first bypass regulating valve disposed on a high-pressure main gas path, wherein the 80K cryoadsorber set switches the adsorption impurity removal process and the regeneration process of the first 80K cryoadsorber by controlling opening and closing of the first front-end regulating valve and the first back-end switching valve; the adsorption impurity removal process and the regeneration process of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber are switched by controlling the opening and closing of the second front-end regulating valve and the second rear-end switch valve; wherein when the first 80K low-temperature adsorber and the second 80K low-temperature adsorber both perform regeneration processes, the first bypass damper is in an open state to ensure continuous operation of the over-flow helium refrigerator;

8. The over-flow helium refrigerator with adsorber regeneration line of claim 7, wherein the 80K cryoadsorber set comprises a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor disposed at a regeneration gas inlet and mid-section of the first 80K cryoadsorber, respectively, a first pressure sensor disposed between the first 80K cryoadsorber and the first back-end switching valve, a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor disposed at a regeneration gas inlet and mid-section of the second 80K cryoadsorber, respectively, and a second pressure sensor disposed between the second 80K cryoadsorber and the second back-end switching valve, wherein the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are configured to monitor a temperature of the first 80K cryoadsorber, and the first pressure sensor is configured to monitor a line pressure of the first 80K cryoadsorber; the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor are used for monitoring the temperature of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber, and the second pressure sensor is used for monitoring the pipeline pressure of the second 80K low-temperature adsorber;

9. The over-flow helium refrigerator with adsorber regeneration line of claim 8, wherein the desorption gas vent line comprises a first desorption gas vent line connected to the first 80K low temperature adsorber and the gas bladder, a second desorption gas vent line connected to the second 80K low temperature adsorber and the gas bladder, and a third desorption gas vent line connected to the 20K low temperature adsorber and the gas bladder; the electric heater comprises a first electric heater arranged on the first desorption gas discharge pipeline, a second electric heater arranged on the second desorption gas discharge pipeline and a third electric heater arranged on the third desorption gas discharge pipeline; the heating regulating valve comprises a first heating regulating valve arranged on the first desorption gas discharge pipeline, a second heating regulating valve arranged on the second desorption gas discharge pipeline and a third heating regulating valve arranged on the third desorption gas discharge pipeline, the discharge regulating valve comprises a first discharge regulating valve arranged on the first desorption gas discharge pipeline, a second discharge regulating valve arranged on the second desorption gas discharge pipeline and a third discharge regulating valve arranged on the third desorption gas discharge pipeline, and an air inlet regulating valve is further arranged in front of the air bag.

10. The super flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration line according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a 50-75K temperature zone load temperature charging pipeline disposed in a refrigerator cold box and connected to the first turbo expansion unit, and a 50-75K temperature zone load connected to the 50-75K temperature zone load temperature charging pipeline, wherein the 50-75K temperature zone load temperature charging pipeline includes a 50K helium pipeline connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit, a load flow discharging pipeline connected to inlets of the 50K helium pipeline and the 50-75K temperature zone load, a temperature charging pipeline connected to the 50K helium pipeline, a return pipeline connected to an outlet of the 50-75K temperature zone load, and a helium passing pipeline connected to the return pipeline, the temperature charging pipeline, and the first turbo expansion unit, wherein the 50K helium pipeline is provided with a 50K helium charging pipeline regulating valve, the temperature charging pipeline is provided with a temperature charging regulating valve and a helium charging pipeline heater, and the return pipeline is provided with a return pipeline regulating valve, wherein the temperature charging pipeline and the helium passing pipeline in the temperature charging expansion unit are capable of regulating valve and the helium charging pipeline to meet a requirement via a helium charging pressure of the first turbo expansion unit.

11. The over-flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 10, wherein the heat exchanger group comprises a first stage heat exchanger, a second stage heat exchanger, a third stage heat exchanger, a fourth stage heat exchanger and a fifth stage heat exchanger connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit, the medium-pressure gas return circuit, the low-pressure gas return circuit and the negative-pressure gas return circuit and arranged in sequence, and further comprises a sixth stage heat exchanger connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit, the medium-pressure gas return circuit and the low-pressure gas return circuit, a seventh stage heat exchanger and an eighth stage heat exchanger connected to the high-pressure main gas circuit and the low-pressure gas return circuit, and a ninth stage heat exchanger connected to a liquid phase outlet of the subcooler, an inlet and a gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and an outlet of the 2K load, wherein helium gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator and return gas of the 2K load are merged and then enter the ninth stage heat exchanger for heat exchange, and the heat-exchanged gas enters the cold compressor group.

12. The superflow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration pipeline as claimed in claim 11, wherein the helium pre-cooling module comprises a helium passage regulating valve connected to the main high pressure gas path, a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger connected to the helium passage regulating valve, a liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline connected to the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger, and a liquid nitrogen inlet regulating valve disposed on the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline, wherein an outlet of the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger is connected to the main high pressure gas path and is located between an outlet of the second stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the cryoadsorber set, and the helium pre-cooling module pre-cools the normal temperature and high pressure helium gas through liquid nitrogen introduced through the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline, and regulates the amount of helium gas entering the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger through the helium passage regulating valve and regulates the amount of liquid nitrogen entering the liquid nitrogen pre-cooling heat exchanger through the liquid nitrogen inlet regulating valve.

13. The super flow helium chiller with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 11, wherein the helium pre-cooling module comprises a pre-cooling turboexpander set consisting of a first turbine, a second turbine, and a third turbine connected in series, and a first inlet regulating valve disposed between an outlet of the first stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the first turbine, an outlet of the pre-cooling turboexpander set being connected to the medium pressure gas return path.

14. The super flow helium chiller with an adsorber regeneration circuit of claim 12 wherein the helium pre-cooling module comprises a pre-cooling turboexpander train comprised of a first turbine, a second turbine, and a third turbine connected in series and a first inlet modulation valve disposed between the outlet of the first stage heat exchanger and the inlet of the first turbine, the outlet of the pre-cooling turboexpander train being connected to the medium pressure gas return circuit.

15. The super flow helium refrigerator with adsorber regeneration line of claim 11, wherein the first turboexpander train comprises a fourth turbine and a fifth turbine arranged in series, and a second inlet modulation valve arranged between the outlet of the third stage heat exchanger and the inlet of the fourth turbine, the inlet of the fourth turbine is connected to the helium gas passing line of the 50-75K temperature zone load attemperation line, and the outlet of the fifth turbine is connected to the medium pressure gas return line.

16. The super flow helium refrigerator with adsorber regeneration line of claim 15, wherein the second turboexpander train comprises a sixth turbine and a seventh turbine arranged in series, the outlet of the seventh turbine being connected to the medium pressure return line, and a third inlet modulation valve arranged between the outlet of the fifth stage heat exchanger and the inlet of the sixth turbine.

17. The supersonic helium chiller with adsorber regeneration line of claim 16, wherein the third turboexpander train comprises an eighth turbine and a ninth turbine arranged in series, and a fourth inlet modulation valve connected to the high pressure main gas circuit and to inlets of the eighth turbine, an outlet of the ninth turbine being connected to the low pressure return gas circuit.

18. The over-flow helium chiller with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 17, wherein the fourth turboexpander train comprises a tenth turbine, a fifth inlet modulation valve disposed between the outlet of the seventh stage heat exchanger and the inlet of the tenth turbine, and a final stage turbine bypass valve disposed in the high pressure main gas path between the seventh stage heat exchanger and the eighth stage heat exchanger, the outlet of the tenth turbine being connected to the high pressure main gas path.

19. The supersonic helium chiller with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 18, further comprising a cold box bypass line connected to the outlet of the fourth turboexpander train and the low pressure return line and a cold box bypass valve disposed on the cold box bypass line.

20. The over-flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 11, wherein the throttle set comprises a first throttle and a second throttle arranged in parallel, a return air valve is further arranged between a gas phase outlet of the subcooler and the low-pressure return air circuit, and a third throttle is further arranged between the ninth-stage heat exchanger and an inlet of the gas-liquid separator;

wherein a part of supercritical helium output by the high-pressure main gas circuit is throttled into a gas-liquid two phase by the first throttling valve, liquid accumulates in the subcooler, and a gas phase enters the low-pressure gas return circuit through the gas return valve; the other part of supercritical helium enters the subcooler after being throttled by the second throttling valve, is subcooled by liquid helium of liquid accumulation in the subcooler to form subcooled supercritical helium, the subcooled supercritical helium flows out of the subcooler, one part of the subcooled supercritical helium is supplied to the 4.5-75K temperature zone for load, the other part of the subcooled supercritical helium enters the ninth-stage heat exchanger, is throttled into a gas-liquid two phase through the third throttling valve, the liquid phase is accumulated in the gas-liquid separator, the gas phase is discharged from a gas-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator, is converged with return gas of the 2K load and enters the ninth-stage heat exchanger for heat exchange, and the helium after heat exchange enters the cold compressor unit.

21. The overflow helium chiller with adsorber regeneration piping as claimed in claim 20, wherein the cold compressor train comprises a sixth inlet modulation valve, a first cold compressor, a second cold compressor, a third cold compressor, a fourth cold compressor, and a first outlet modulation valve arranged in series, the overflow helium chiller further comprising a cold compressor train bypass piping in parallel to the cold compressor train and a bypass piping modulation valve disposed on the cold compressor train bypass piping.

22. The supersonic helium chiller with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 20 further comprising a gas management panel comprising a medium pressure bypass valve connected to the high pressure main gas path and the medium pressure return gas path, a low pressure bypass valve connected to the high pressure main gas path and the low pressure return gas path, a load valve and a buffer tank unload valve connected to the low pressure return gas path and the high pressure main gas path, and a buffer tank connected between the load valve and the buffer tank unload valve.

23. The overflow helium chiller with adsorber regeneration line of claim 20 further comprising a check valve disposed between the negative pressure compressor and the high pressure compressor for preventing backflow of outlet helium gas of the negative pressure compressor.

24. The over-flow helium refrigerator with an adsorber regeneration line of claim 20, further comprising a load cold box, wherein the gas-liquid separator, the 4.5-75K warm-area load, the 2K load, the 50-75K warm-area load, the ninth stage heat exchanger, and the third throttle valve are all disposed in the load cold box, and the refrigerator cold box and the load cold box are connected by a multi-channel transfer pipeline.