CN114785320B - Compact ion guide driving device and automatic radio frequency tuning method, equipment and medium thereof - Google Patents

Compact ion guide driving device and automatic radio frequency tuning method, equipment and medium thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114785320B
CN114785320B CN202210708132.4A CN202210708132A CN114785320B CN 114785320 B CN114785320 B CN 114785320B CN 202210708132 A CN202210708132 A CN 202210708132A CN 114785320 B CN114785320 B CN 114785320B
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value
radio frequency
frequency
voltage
current
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CN114785320A (en
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郭宇
王晶
凌星
程文播
张远清
李小强
贾明正
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Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology of CAS
Tianjin Guoke Medical Technology Development Co Ltd
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Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology of CAS
Tianjin Guoke Medical Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J7/00—Automatic frequency control; Automatic scanning over a band of frequencies
    • H03J7/02—Automatic frequency control
    • H03J7/04—Automatic frequency control where the frequency control is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element or where the nature of the frequency controlling element is not significant
    • H03J7/045—Modification of automatic frequency control sensitivity or linearising automatic frequency control operation; Modification of the working range
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/02—Digital function generators
    • G06F1/022—Waveform generators, i.e. devices for generating periodical functions of time, e.g. direct digital synthesizers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/02—Details
    • H01J49/022—Circuit arrangements, e.g. for generating deviation currents or voltages ; Components associated with high voltage supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J7/00—Automatic frequency control; Automatic scanning over a band of frequencies
    • H03J7/02—Automatic frequency control
    • H03J7/04—Automatic frequency control where the frequency control is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element or where the nature of the frequency controlling element is not significant
    • H03J7/047—Automatic frequency control using an auxiliary signal, e.g. low frequency scanning of the locking range or superimposing a special signal on the input signal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a compact ion guide driving device and an automatic radio frequency tuning method, equipment and medium thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining an estimated value of the resonant frequency; determining the initial interval of the resonant frequency search; setting the initial control quantity of the radio frequency drive, and changing the DDS output frequency according to the frequency stepping value; recording the corresponding detection current value and judging whether the detection current value is smaller than a preset current value, if so, adjusting the endpoint of the interval according to the change trend of the detection current value to obtain a new interval, otherwise, reducing the initial control quantity; and if the width of the new interval reaches the set target, taking the middle point of the new interval as a set value of the output resonant frequency of the DDS frequency generation module. The invention meets the requirement of more channels of the driving circuit, has compact device, promotes the miniaturization of the mass spectrometer and enlarges the application scene; the output program control and feedback monitoring of the driving device are realized, and the flexibility and the reliability are improved.

Description

Compact ion guide driving device and automatic radio frequency tuning method, equipment and medium thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mass spectrum ion guidance, in particular to a compact ion guidance driving device and an automatic radio frequency tuning method, equipment and medium thereof.
Background
The mass spectrometer is a high-end scientific instrument widely applied to various subject fields and used for identifying compounds by preparing, separating and detecting gas-phase ions. It has wide application in the fields of environmental detection, homeland security, clinical analysis, organic synthesis, drug research and development, protein and metabonomics, etc.
Currently, electrospray in almost all commercial instruments operates at or near atmospheric pressure, and mass analyzers operate at high vacuum levels, requiring a series of vacuum ports and ion guides to allow electrospray-generated ions to enter the analyzer.
Since the atmospheric vacuum interface (usually a capillary or sampling cone) must be kept small to maintain the back stage vacuum (typically less than 1mm in diameter). As a result, more than 90% of the ions are lost to the vacuum interface. The sensitivity of electrospray mass spectrometry is severely limited by the large ion transport losses. Therefore, the ion funnel, the multistage rod plasma guide device and the method have the advantages that most ions can be transmitted and focused into the vacuum of the lower stage through the ion guide, and the ion transmission efficiency is remarkably improved.
When the ion funnel and other common ion guide devices work, the ion funnel and other common ion guide devices need to be driven by a high-voltage direct-current power supply and a radio-frequency power supply to generate a corresponding radio-frequency electric field and a corresponding direct-current electric field, so that the transmission and the focusing of ions are realized. As for the ion funnel, a radio frequency electric field formed by the ion funnel can radially constrain ions, and a uniform electric field can axially push or repel the ions, so that the space divergence and the energy dispersion degree of the ions can be reduced under high pressure, the transmission efficiency of the ions is greatly improved, and the sensitivity of an instrument is effectively improved.
With the development of ion guide technology, more complex combined ion focusing guide devices such as multi-stage ion funnels are continuously generated, and the requirements for more channels are generated for corresponding drive circuits. In addition, the existing ion guide driving device is not fully compact due to the defects of current principle, PCB design, connector selection, chassis structural design and the like, so that the whole mass spectrometer cannot be miniaturized, the testability and maintainability of the device are low, and the expansion of the application scene of the device is limited. Finally, at present, no system scheme aiming at automatic radio frequency tuning and real-time monitoring and early warning of running resonant current of the ion guide driving device exists, and the safety and the reliability of the system in the using process are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
To achieve the above objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, a first object of the present invention is to provide a compact ion guide driving apparatus automatic rf tuning method, comprising the steps of:
obtaining an estimated value of the resonant frequency;
calculating the initial interval of the resonant frequency search according to the estimated value of the resonant frequency;
setting a radio frequency driving initial control quantity;
dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts, determining each equal interval width as a frequency stepping value, and converting and guiding the output frequency of a DDS frequency generation module driving a main control board according to the frequency stepping value;
sequentially recording detection current values corresponding to the DDS output frequency;
sequentially judging whether the detected current value is smaller than a first preset current value or not, if not, reducing the initial control quantity, skipping to the step of dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts, determining the interval width of each equal part as a frequency stepping value, and if so, adjusting the interval endpoint through the change trend of the detected current value to obtain a new interval;
and if the width of the new interval reaches the set target, taking the middle point of the new interval as a set value of the output resonant frequency of the DDS frequency generation module.
Further, the DDS output frequencies are numbered from small to large, and the detection current values corresponding to the DDS output frequencies are recorded in sequence according to the numbers of the DDS output frequencies.
Further, the adjusting of the end point of the interval by detecting the variation trend of the current value includes the following steps:
if the detected current value is in a descending trend, recording the minimum value of the detected current, and if the frequency corresponding to the minimum value of the detected current is the maximum DDS output frequency, increasing the lower limit and the upper limit of the frequency interval;
if the detected current value presents an increasing trend, changing the upper limit of the frequency interval into the middle point of the original interval, and reducing the lower limit of the frequency interval into a plurality of times of the lower limit of the original interval;
if the detected current value is in a trend of descending first and then increasing gradually or a trend of descending first and then keeping unchanged, if the number of the detected current minimum value is an initialization value, the detected current minimum value and the number are recorded, and if the increment of the current detected current value relative to the detected current minimum value reaches a threshold value, the upper limit of a frequency interval is reduced.
Further, when the detected current value is in a descending trend, judging whether the frequency corresponding to the minimum value of the detected current is the maximum DDS output frequency, if so, changing the lower limit of the frequency interval into the middle point of the original interval, and increasing the upper limit of the frequency interval to be a plurality of times of the upper limit of the original interval, otherwise, keeping the upper limit of the original interval unchanged;
when the detected current value is in a trend of descending first and then increasing gradually or a trend of descending first and then keeping unchanged, judging that the number of the detected current minimum value is an initialization value, if so, recording the detected current minimum value and the number thereof, and judging whether the increment of the current detected current value compared with the detected current minimum value reaches a threshold value, otherwise, skipping to the step of judging whether the increment of the current detected current value compared with the detected current minimum value reaches the threshold value;
if the increment of the current detection current value compared with the minimum detection current value reaches a threshold value, setting the output frequency corresponding to the current detection current value as the upper limit value of the frequency of a new interval;
and if the increment of the current detection current value compared with the detection current minimum value does not reach a threshold value, skipping to the step of judging whether the detection current minimum value is the maximum DDS output frequency.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
initializing an interval lower limit translation parameter;
and acquiring a detection current value corresponding to the difference value between the number corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and the interval lower limit translation parameter, recording the detection current value as a first current value, judging whether the difference value between the first current value and the minimum value of the detection current is greater than a first preset value, if so, taking the frequency corresponding to the first current value as a new interval lower limit, otherwise, judging whether the difference value between the number corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and the interval lower limit translation parameter is less than a second preset value, if so, increasing the value of the interval lower limit translation parameter, and jumping to the detection current value corresponding to the difference value between the number corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and the interval lower limit translation parameter.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
if the width of the new interval does not reach the set target, judging whether the width of the new interval is smaller than a preset multiple of the width of the original interval, wherein the preset multiple is smaller than 1;
if so, determining a preset multiple of the new interval width as a frequency stepping value, recording a detection current value corresponding to the DDS output frequency, skipping to the step of dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts, and determining each equal interval width as the frequency stepping value;
otherwise, judging whether the minimum value of the detected current is smaller than a second preset current value, if so, increasing the control quantity, skipping to the step of dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts, determining the interval width of each equal part as a frequency stepping value, and otherwise, taking the middle point of the new interval as a setting value of the output resonant frequency of the DDS frequency generation module.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
after tuning is completed, setting the DDS output frequency as a resonant frequency;
adjusting the radio frequency driving control quantity to a corresponding detection current value;
determining a control quantity stepping value through the radio frequency driving control quantity;
changing the control quantity from an initial value, and recording the control quantity and the corresponding detection current value one by one;
fitting a relation curve of the control quantity and the detection current, judging whether the matching degree reaches a target, otherwise, increasing a fitting order, and jumping to the relation curve of the control quantity and the detection current;
if so, determining a relation function of the control quantity and the detection current under the resonance frequency;
acquiring a detection current value corresponding to a control quantity real-time value in the operation of the system;
judging whether the detected current value corresponding to the real-time value of the control quantity in the system operation deviates from the estimated current value corresponding to the real-time value of the control quantity on the fitting curve and exceeds a preset range, if not, keeping the system operation normally, and skipping to the step of obtaining the detected current value corresponding to the real-time value of the control quantity in the system operation; if yes, the control quantity is set as a target value, and a corresponding alarm mechanism is started.
Further, the estimated value of the resonance frequency is calculated by applying a parallel resonance formula or determined by tuning a record, based on the measured or estimated values of the capacitance value of the ion guide mechanism and the secondary inductance value of the resonance coil.
A second object of the present invention is to provide an electronic apparatus, comprising: a memory having program code stored thereon; a processor coupled with the memory and when the program code is executed by the processor, implementing a compact ion guide driving method.
It is a third object of the present invention to provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon program instructions which, when executed, implement a compact ion guiding driving method.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a compact ion guide driving device, comprising: the system comprises a case, a guide driving main control board, a direct current high-voltage board, a radio frequency driving board and a radio frequency resonance and feedback board; the chassis is provided with a plurality of connecting slots, the guide driving main control board, the direct-current high-voltage board and the radio frequency driving board are all pluggable board cards, and the guide driving main control board, the direct-current high-voltage board and the radio frequency driving board are movably connected with the chassis through the connecting slots;
the guide driving main control board is used for providing a plurality of independent DA output levels and controlling the output quantity of the radio frequency driving board and the direct current high-voltage board; configuring a plurality of paths of DDS output circuits, generating DDS frequency signals and outputting the DDS frequency signals to the radio frequency driving board; and carrying out data and instruction interaction with a superior control system;
the direct-current high-voltage board is used for outputting AD feedback quantity to the guide driving main control board; outputting a plurality of paths of high-voltage direct-current levels to the radio frequency resonance and feedback plate and the ion guide mechanism;
the radio frequency driving board is used for receiving radio frequency feedback quantity input from the radio frequency resonance and feedback board, comparing the radio frequency feedback quantity with the radio frequency DA control quantity, and outputting a corresponding radio frequency amplification control level according to the feedback relation of the closed loop; outputting a radio frequency driving signal to the radio frequency resonance and feedback board; converting the radio frequency feedback quantity output by the radio frequency resonance and feedback board into AD feedback quantity, and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the guide driving main control board;
the radio frequency resonance and feedback board is used for generating radio frequency feedback quantity and transmitting the radio frequency feedback quantity to the radio frequency driving board; and generating a radio frequency high voltage output signal and transmitting the radio frequency high voltage output signal to the ion guide mechanism.
Furthermore, the guide driving main control board comprises a first direct current power supply module, a signal processing module, a DA conversion module, an AD conversion module, a DDS frequency generation module and a serial port communication module; the first direct current power supply module is used for power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the signal processing module is used for controlling the operation of other functional modules and carrying out data interaction with the other functional modules; the DA conversion module is used for converting a main control digital instruction into an analog control level, providing a plurality of independent DA output levels according to application requirements and controlling the output quantity of the radio frequency driving board and the output quantity of the direct current high-voltage board; the AD conversion module is used for converting analog feedback quantity output by the radio frequency driving board and the direct current high-voltage board into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the signal processing module; the DDS frequency generation module is used for configuring a plurality of DDS output circuits, generating DDS frequency signals with preset peak-to-peak values according to the control instructions output by the signal processing module, and outputting the DDS frequency signals to the radio frequency drive board; the serial port communication module is used for communicating through an interface circuit to realize data and instruction interaction with a superior control system.
Further, the direct-current high-voltage board comprises a second direct-current power supply module, a high-voltage power supply module, a push-pull voltage regulation module and an AD feedback circuit; the second direct current power supply module is used for realizing power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the high-voltage power supply module is used for providing high-voltage upper and lower limit input for the push-pull voltage regulating module; the push-pull voltage regulating module comprises a plurality of groups of push-pull voltage regulating circuits and is used for receiving the analog control level output by the DA conversion module of the guidance drive main control panel and converting and outputting a corresponding high-voltage direct current level; the AD feedback circuit is used for outputting AD feedback quantity and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the AD conversion module of the guide driving main control board.
Further, the radio frequency driving board comprises a third direct current power supply module, a plurality of groups of radio frequency amplification modules, a plurality of groups of power amplification modules, a plurality of groups of current detection modules and an AD feedback module; the third direct current power supply module is used for realizing power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the radio frequency amplification module is used for comparing the radio frequency feedback quantity with the radio frequency DA control quantity and outputting a corresponding radio frequency amplification control level according to the feedback relation of the closed loop; the power amplification module is used for amplifying the radio-frequency signal subjected to amplitude modulation by a plurality of times to generate a radio-frequency amplification signal, and outputting a radio-frequency driving signal to the radio-frequency resonance and feedback board through the triaxial BNC interface and the cable; the current detection module is used for collecting current signals and outputting corresponding voltage signals to the AD feedback module; the AD feedback module is used for isolating and converting the radio frequency feedback quantity output by the radio frequency resonance and feedback board and the voltage signal output by the current detection module into AD feedback quantity which corresponds to each other one by one and has a constant voltage value, and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the AD conversion module of the guide driving main control board.
Further, the radio frequency resonance and feedback board comprises a radio frequency resonance module and a radio frequency rectification feedback module, the radio frequency resonance module comprises a transformer, and the radio frequency rectification feedback module comprises an alternating current coupling circuit, a rectification circuit, a direct current voltage division and filtering circuit and a radio frequency feedback interface;
a primary coil of the transformer is connected with a radio frequency driving signal through a three-coaxial BNC interface and a cable, a secondary coil of the transformer and the ion guide mechanism form an LC resonance circuit, a middle tap of the secondary coil is connected with a direct current high-voltage bias output by the direct current high-voltage board through an alternating current filter circuit, and pins at two ends of the secondary coil are output to the ion guide mechanism through the BNC interface;
the radio frequency rectification feedback module introduces alternating current output voltage at two ends of the secondary coil through the alternating current coupling circuit, converts radio frequency signals into direct current signals through the rectification circuit, generates radio frequency feedback quantity through the direct current voltage division and filtering circuit, and transmits the radio frequency feedback quantity to the radio frequency drive board through the SMA interface and the coaxial line.
The power supply system further comprises a back panel, wherein the back panel comprises a direct current power supply access port, a power supply filter circuit and a plurality of groups of connecting plug-in units; the direct current power supply power access port is used for accessing a direct current power supply provided by an external power supply; the power supply filter circuit is used for suppressing and eliminating interference in an external power supply; the connectors are used for being in plug-in connection with the connectors on each board card.
Furthermore, pins at the same positions of all the groups of the plug-in units on the back plate are connected together, wherein part of the pins are connected with a power supply network and a ground plane of the back plate;
each board card is connected to the power network and the pins of the ground plane from the back plate through the connectors and corresponds to the positions of the pins of the connectors on the back plate;
the signals that interact between the boards are connected to pins at the same location in their respective connectors.
The detection adapter plate is a pluggable board card and is movably connected with the case through the plug slot; the detection adapter plate is provided with a test point array, and each test point is connected with a corresponding pin of the connector; the detection adapter board is used for accessing an analog signal and debugging and controlling the radio frequency driving board, the direct current high-voltage board and the guide driving main control board; the detection adapter plate is also used for being connected with a signal monitoring device and monitoring signals or power supply voltage transmitted by the ion guide driving device through the backboard.
Furthermore, the push-pull voltage regulating circuit comprises an operational amplifier, a feedback loop, a first voltage dividing circuit, a first triode, a second triode, a first MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor and a second MOS transistor, the first input port and the second input port of the operational amplifier compare an analog control level with a feedback potential of the feedback loop, output a corresponding control level from the output port, the control level varies a voltage value across a resistor in the first voltage division circuit through the first voltage division circuit, thereby changing the collector current of the first triode and the second triode, the current difference of the first triode and the second triode controls the grid source voltage of the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube, therefore, output high voltage is regulated and controlled, the output high voltage is output to a corresponding load through an interface, and each pin is used for outputting each group of high voltage and reflows to the ground wire.
The push-pull voltage regulating circuit further comprises a bidirectional voltage regulator tube and an output overcurrent protection circuit, wherein the bidirectional voltage regulator tube is used for ensuring that the grid-source voltage of the first MOS tube and the grid-source voltage of the second MOS tube do not exceed a preset value, and the output overcurrent protection circuit is used for limiting the current flowing through a resistor in the output port from exceeding the preset value.
Furthermore, the AD feedback circuit comprises a second voltage division circuit and an operational amplifier following isolation circuit, wherein the second voltage division circuit divides output high voltage and inputs the divided output high voltage into the operational amplifier following isolation circuit, an AD feedback quantity is output by the output end of the operational amplifier and is transmitted to the AD conversion module of the guide driving main control board.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a compact ion guide driving device, which adopts a PXI case structure to realize the compactness of a hardware system and effectively reduce the occupied space of the driving hardware system.
The pins at the same positions of the back board plugging slots are communicated with each other, and the connection states of all the assembling slots are consistent, so that the board cards can be randomly plugged into any one plugging slot.
The invention designs a test adapter plate which can be used for transferring signals and power transmitted by the back plate to test points on the plate, thereby facilitating system debugging and maintenance, and simultaneously realizing debugging and control of the output of the radio frequency drive plate and the direct current high-voltage plate by accessing analog control signals through the test points on the test adapter plate.
The guide driving main control board realizes the control of the AD and DA modules, thereby realizing the program closed-loop control of direct current high-voltage output and radio frequency driving output.
The guide driving main control board realizes the control of the DDS frequency generation module, and can adjust the frequency output by the DDS according to the radio frequency driving feedback quantity, thereby achieving the LC parallel resonance state of the guide mechanism and the driving device and realizing the program control of the guide driving resonance.
The direct-current high-pressure plate can realize adjustable high-pressure output of 4-8 paths, the adjustable range of the direct-current high pressure is not less than-200V to +200V, and the corresponding time from 0 to upper and lower limit output is within 205 mu.
The push-pull voltage regulating circuit is designed for realizing the voltage regulating function, the voltage withstanding requirement of key devices is defined according to the output requirement, and the reliability and the safety of the circuit work are ensured.
The invention designs a grid-source voltage protection bidirectional voltage-stabilizing tube for the push-pull voltage-regulating circuit, ensures that the grid-source voltage does not exceed plus or minus 10V, and simultaneously avoids the problem that the grid-source voltage is pulled down by forward conduction due to the fact that only one-way voltage stabilization is used.
The invention designs an overcurrent protection circuit for the push-pull voltage regulating circuit, ensures that the drain current of the MOS tube does not exceed 12mA, and prevents the drain current from being overlarge.
The invention designs the AD feedback circuit in the direct current high-voltage board, realizes the attenuation and feedback of high-voltage output so as to avoid realizing automatic program regulation and output monitoring, and simultaneously adopts a bidirectional voltage stabilizer to avoid the damage of an operational amplifier or an AD chip caused by overlarge feedback voltage.
The high-voltage output interface of the direct-current high-voltage board adopts BD15, comprises high-voltage output and backflow pins, can conveniently realize the lap joint of a shielding layer of a high-voltage transmission wire harness and an interface shell, and reduces the risk of interference coupling.
The radio frequency driving signal output of the radio frequency driving board adopts the three-coaxial BNC interface and the cable, can transmit input and backflow signals of the primary coil of the transformer of the radio frequency resonance and feedback board at the innermost layer and the middle layer, and the outermost layer is connected with the ground shield, so that the stability of transmission impedance is realized, the influence of impedance fluctuation on the resonance state is avoided, and meanwhile, the cable is shielded, and the interference of the radio frequency driving signal on other circuits is avoided.
The invention designs the radio frequency resonance and feedback board, and all interfaces adopt coaxial interfaces and cables with shields to ensure that radio frequency signals do not interfere other circuits in transmission.
The radio frequency resonance and feedback board realizes radio frequency boosting and resonance current limiting through the transformer, and realizes the ion high-voltage mechanism with high-efficiency driving capacitance characteristic.
The radio frequency resonance and feedback board feeds back the radio frequency signal loaded on the guide mechanism to the radio frequency drive board and the AD feedback circuit thereof through the alternating current coupling blocking, radio frequency rectification, voltage division filtering attenuation and other functional circuits in the radio frequency rectification feedback module, thereby providing important signal support for closed-loop control and program automatic monitoring.
The radio frequency resonance and feedback board integrates the resonance driving circuit and the radio frequency feedback circuit, thereby effectively reducing the volume of a hardware circuit.
The invention designs an automatic radio frequency tuning method of the ion guide driving device, which can quickly correct and determine the resonant frequency and ensure the highest resonant efficiency.
The invention designs a current overrun protection mechanism flow, effectively pre-warns the deviation of the tuning state of the system and avoids the damage or the function abnormality of the device.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. The detailed description of the present invention is given in detail by the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compact ion guide driving apparatus according to embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a compact ion guide driving apparatus according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the back plate of embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a push-pull voltage regulating circuit diagram of embodiment 1;
fig. 5 is an AD feedback circuit diagram of embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the RF resonance and feedback board of embodiment 1;
fig. 7 is a first flowchart of an automatic rf tuning method of the compact ion guide driving apparatus according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 8 is a second flowchart of the automatic RF tuning method of the compact ion guide driving apparatus of embodiment 2;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the current overrun protection mechanism of embodiment 2;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the DDS frequency setting value and the detected current value in example 2;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an electronic apparatus according to embodiment 3;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium of embodiment 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
Example 1
A compact ion guide driver, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising: the device comprises a case, a guide driving main control board, a direct-current high-voltage board, a radio frequency driving board, a radio frequency resonance and feedback board, a detection adapter board and a back board; the chassis is provided with a plurality of connecting slots, the guide driving main control board, the direct-current high-voltage board, the radio frequency driving board and the detection adapter board are all pluggable board cards, and the guide driving main control board, the direct-current high-voltage board, the radio frequency driving board and the detection adapter board are movably connected with the chassis through the connecting slots.
In this embodiment, a PXI chassis is selected as the chassis, and a PCI (peripheral component interconnect for Instrumentation) extension for Instrumentation is a robust PC-based measurement and automation platform released by the PXI alliance. PXI combines the electrical bus characteristics of PCI (Peripheral Component interconnect) with the robustness, modularity, and Eurocard mechanical packaging characteristics of CompactPCI (compact PCI) to develop mechanical, electrical, and software specifications suitable for testing, measurement, and data acquisition applications. The PXI specification was developed to perfectly combine the cost performance advantage of desktop PCs with the necessary expansion of the PCI bus to the instrumentation domain, forming a mainstream virtual instrument test platform. This makes it a high performance, low cost carrier platform for measurement and automation systems.
The PXI chassis adopts a standard PXI chassis, and the external size of the chassis is within 20cm 12cm 18cm (length, width and height). 4 pluggable board cards and 1 backboard circuit are installed in a 3U space at the upper part of the case, and a cooling fan is installed in a space at the lower part close to 1U.
As shown in fig. 3, the backplane includes a dc power supply access port, a power filter circuit and a plurality of groups of plug-in units; the direct current power supply power access port (the power interface in fig. 3) is used for accessing +/-15V, 5V and 24V direct current power supplies provided by an external power supply; the power supply filter circuit is used for suppressing and eliminating interference in an external power supply; the connectors are used for plug-in connection with the connectors on each board card. In fig. 3, the connectors are 4 sets of CPCI jacks. The CPCI socket not only enables a plurality of original PC-based technologies and mature products such as a CPU, a hard disk and the like to be continuously applied, but also enables a server, an industrial control computer and the like adopting the CPCI technology to have the advantages of high reliability and high density due to the fact that the interface and the like are greatly improved. CPCI is a high-performance industrial bus developed based on PCI electrical specifications and is suitable for the design of circuit plugboards with the height of 3U and 6U. The CPCI circuit card is plugged into the cabinet from the front, and the outlet of the I/O data can be an interface on the front panel or the backplane of the cabinet. The appearance of the bus solves the troublesome problem faced by telecommunication system engineers and equipment manufacturers for many years, such as the incompatibility problem of the traditional telecommunication equipment bus VME (Versa Module Euro card) and the industrial standard PCI (peripheral Component interconnect) bus. Each set of CPCI patch jacks is provided with upper and lower CPCI male sockets (e.g., ERNI914796, ERNI 923190) for mating with two CPCI female sockets (e.g., ERNI354148, ERNI 354142) on each board card.
The pins at the same positions of each set of CPCI connectors (ERNI 914796, ERNI 923190) on the backplane are connected together, for example, by copper conductors on the PCB. Thus, the electrical connections of the 4 sets of CPCI jacks on the backplane are identical on the backplane. Some pins are connected with the power network and the ground plane of the back plate, and the other pins at the same positions are connected with each other only by PCB wiring.
Correspondingly, the pins of each board card which are connected into the power supply network and the ground plane from the back plate through the connector correspond to the pins of the connector on the back plate, and obviously, the pins of each board card which are connected into the power supply and the ground plane are at the same positions of the connector. In addition, the signals that interact between the boards are connected to pins at the same position in the respective CPCI mother sockets (ERNI 354148, ERNI 354142). Therefore, after each board card is inserted into any group of CPCI male socket interfaces of the back board, the electrical connection of pins at the same position of the CPCI interfaces can be established through the back board, and the signal transmission among the boards is realized.
Because the CPCI connector connection mode of the back board and the board card realizes the complete equivalence of four groups of slots, the board card can be inserted into any slot to realize the design function of the system, and the installation, the use and the maintenance work of the system are greatly facilitated.
The test adapter plate is provided with a test point array, and each test point is connected with the corresponding pin of the connector by arranging the test point array on the board card PCB, so that the test point array is connected with various power supplies, signals and ground planes transmitted on the back plate, and the accuracy and the precision of the board card output signals can be conveniently and intensively detected by instruments such as a universal meter, an oscilloscope and the like through the connection test points. Namely, the detection adapter plate is used for being connected with a signal monitoring device and monitoring signals or power supply voltage transmitted by the ion guide driving device through the backboard. In addition, the test adapter plate can be accessed with analog signals such as analog control signals and the like, and a radio frequency driving plate, a direct current high-voltage plate and a guide driving main control plate are debugged and controlled in a manual mode and the like.
The guide driving main control board is used for providing a plurality of independent DA output levels and controlling the output quantity of the radio frequency driving board and the direct current high-voltage board; configuring a plurality of paths of DDS output circuits, generating DDS frequency signals and outputting the DDS frequency signals to a radio frequency driving board; and carrying out data and instruction interaction with a superior control system;
specifically, the guidance driving main control board comprises a first direct current power supply module, a signal processing module, a DA conversion module, an AD conversion module, a DDS frequency generation module and a serial port communication module; the first direct current power supply module is used for power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the signal processing module is used for controlling the operation of other functional modules and carrying out data interaction with the functional modules; in this embodiment, the signal processing module uses an FPGA chip as a core (e.g., xilinx zynq 7010). The DA conversion module takes a DA chip as a core (such as DAC 7728) and is used for converting a main control digital instruction into an analog control level, the level is designed between plus or minus 10V, a plurality of independent DA output levels (such as 8-16 paths) can be provided according to application requirements, and the output quantity of the radio frequency driving board and the output quantity of the direct current high-voltage board are controlled; the AD conversion module takes an AD chip as a core (such as ADS 8578S), and is used for converting analog feedback quantity (within a range of plus or minus 10V) output by the radio frequency driving board and the direct current high-voltage board into a digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the signal processing module; the DDS frequency generation module takes a DDS frequency synthesis chip as a core (such as AD 9851), is provided with a plurality of paths (such as 1-4 paths) of DDS output circuits, generates a DDS frequency signal with a preset peak-to-peak value (such as about 1V) according to a control instruction output by the signal processing module, and outputs the DDS frequency signal to the radio frequency drive board; the serial port communication module is used for communicating with 485 and SPI protocols and the like through an interface circuit, and data and instruction interaction with a superior control system such as a mass spectrometer master control system is achieved.
The direct-current high-voltage board is used for outputting AD feedback quantity to the guide driving main control board; outputting a plurality of paths of high-voltage direct-current levels to a radio frequency resonance and feedback plate and an ion guide mechanism;
specifically, the direct-current high-voltage board comprises a second direct-current power supply module, a high-voltage power supply module, a push-pull voltage regulation module and an AD feedback circuit; the second direct current power supply module is used for realizing power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the high-voltage power supply module takes two groups of DCDC boosting modules as cores, is supplied with power and input by 24V, respectively outputs positive and negative 200V to positive and negative 225V, and provides high-voltage upper and lower limit input for the push-pull voltage regulating module; the push-pull voltage regulating module comprises a plurality of groups of push-pull voltage regulating circuits and is used for receiving the analog control level output by the DA conversion module of the guide driving main control panel and converting and outputting a corresponding high-voltage direct current level; the AD feedback circuit is used for outputting the AD feedback quantity and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the AD conversion module of the guide driving main control board.
According to application requirements and PCB space limitation, the push-pull voltage regulating module comprises 4-8 groups of push-pull voltage regulating circuits. As shown IN fig. 4, the push-pull voltage regulator circuit includes an operational amplifier U1, a feedback loop, a first voltage divider circuit, a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q6, a first MOS transistor Q2, and a second MOS transistor Q5, the feedback loop includes a resistor R20 and a resistor R13, the first voltage divider circuit includes a resistor R2, a resistor R4, a zener diode D1, a zener diode D4, a zener diode D8, a zener diode D9, a resistor R17, and a resistor R22, the first input port (pin No. 2) and the second input port (pin No. 3) of the operational amplifier U1 compare an analog control level (DA _ IN) with a feedback potential of the feedback loop, output a corresponding control level from an output port (pin No. 6), the control level changes voltage values at both ends of the resistor R2 and the resistor R22 IN the first voltage divider circuit through the first voltage divider circuit, thereby changing collector currents of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q6, the current difference between the first triode Q1 and the second triode Q6 controls the gate-source voltage of the first MOS transistor Q2 and the second MOS transistor Q5, so that the output high voltage (HV _ Out) is regulated and controlled, the output high voltage is output to a corresponding load through a DB15 interface, and each pin is respectively output by each group of high voltage and flows back to the ground wire. In addition, the outer side of the wire harness can be additionally provided with a shielding layer which is connected with the reference ground layer through a DB15 shell, so that interference is avoided.
It should be noted that when the circuit output is adjusted between-200V to +200V, the emitter and collector of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q6, and the source and drain of the first MOS transistor Q2 and the second MOS transistor Q5 bear a voltage difference of more than 400V at most, so that devices with corresponding withstand voltage values not less than 450V (e.g., STN9360, PBHV8560Z, BRD5N50, 2P50G-TN 3-R) are selected.
The push-pull voltage regulating circuit further comprises a bidirectional voltage regulator tube SMF10CA and an output overcurrent protection circuit, wherein the bidirectional voltage regulator tube is used for ensuring that the grid-source voltage of the first MOS tube Q2 and the grid-source voltage of the second MOS tube Q5 do not exceed a preset value, such as 10V, so that overvoltage damage to a grid electrode and a source electrode of a device can be prevented when the protection device is not used, and simultaneously the situation that the voltage of the MOS grid electrode and the source electrode is possibly reduced due to forward conduction by adopting the unidirectional voltage regulator tube can be prevented. The third triode Q3, the resistor R8, the fourth triode Q4 and the resistor R12 form output overcurrent protection, the current flowing through the resistor R8 or the resistor R12 at an output port is limited not to exceed 12mA, and the corresponding triode with overlarge current is turned on, so that the gate source voltage is reduced, and the source current of the MOS transistor is reduced.
As shown IN fig. 5, the AD feedback circuit includes a second voltage dividing circuit and an operational amplifier following isolation circuit, the second voltage dividing circuit includes a resistor R15 and a resistor R19, the second voltage dividing circuit divides an output high voltage (HV _ Out) and inputs the divided voltage into the operational amplifier following isolation circuit formed by U2A, an output end of the operational amplifier outputs an AD feedback quantity AD _ IN, and the AD feedback quantity AD _ IN is transmitted to the AD conversion module of the guidance drive main control board through the backplane. In particular, the present embodiment utilizes the TVS diode D11 (e.g., SMF10 CA) to keep the feedback voltage of the input operational amplifier within plus or minus 10V, so as to ensure that the voltage is not exceeded and prevent the AD chip from being damaged.
The radio frequency drive board is used for receiving the radio frequency feedback quantity input from the radio frequency resonance and feedback board, comparing the radio frequency feedback quantity with the radio frequency DA control quantity, and outputting a corresponding radio frequency amplification control level according to the feedback relation of the closed loop; outputting a radio frequency driving signal to a radio frequency resonance and feedback board; converting the radio frequency feedback quantity output by the radio frequency resonance and feedback board into AD feedback quantity, and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the guide driving main control board;
specifically, the radio frequency driving board comprises a third direct current power supply module, a plurality of groups of radio frequency amplification modules, a plurality of groups of power amplification modules, a plurality of groups of current detection modules and an AD feedback module. According to the number of radio frequency drives required by guidance, 1-4 groups of radio frequency amplification modules, power amplification modules and current detection modules can be designed on the radio frequency drive board, and feedback sampling pins of the AD feedback module are correspondingly increased. The third direct current power supply module consists of a voltage conversion chip, a filter capacitor, a filter inductor, a fuse and the like, and is used for realizing power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the radio frequency amplification module is used for comparing the radio frequency feedback quantity with the radio frequency DA control quantity through the operational amplifier circuit and outputting a corresponding radio frequency amplification control level according to the feedback relation of the closed loop; the radio frequency feedback quantity is input from the radio frequency resonance and feedback board through the SMA interface and the coaxial line, and the radio frequency DA control quantity is input through the back board by the DA conversion module of the guide driving main control board. The radio frequency amplification control level and the fixed amplitude DDS frequency signal are respectively input into a multiplier (AD 834 JR), so that the amplitude-modulated radio frequency signal is output through a multiplier circuit. The power amplification module is used for amplifying the radio-frequency signals after amplitude modulation by a plurality of times, such as 4-6 times, through the high-frequency operational amplifier circuit to generate radio-frequency amplification signals, the radio-frequency amplification signals are input through capacitive coupling to the grid electrode of the power amplification MOS tube, radio-frequency driving signals are output through the drain electrode of the power amplification MOS tube, and the radio-frequency driving signals are transmitted to the radio-frequency resonance and feedback board through the triaxial BNC interface and the triaxial cable. The innermost layer and the middle layer of the triaxial BNC interface and the cable are connected with two ends of a primary coil of a resonance transformer of the radio frequency resonance and feedback board, and the outermost layer is connected with a reference stratum, so that the condition that the resonance state is unstable due to the change of distribution parameters such as the distribution capacitance of the cable is avoided, the radio frequency driving signal is shielded in the cable, the external radiation through the transmission cable is avoided, the external radiation interference is obviously reduced, and the electromagnetic compatibility of the system is improved.
The current detection module is used for collecting a current signal I0 input to a drain electrode of the MOS tube through a high-power small-resistance sampling resistor, and outputting a corresponding voltage signal U0 to the AD feedback module through a current sensing amplification chip (for example, INA180B4 IDBVT) circuit, wherein the numerical value of U0= k I0, and k is selected and determined according to circuit parameters according to design requirements.
The AD feedback module is used for isolating and converting the radio frequency feedback quantity output by the radio frequency resonance and feedback board and the voltage signal U0 output by the current detection module into the AD feedback quantity which corresponds to each other and has a constant voltage value through a following isolation circuit formed by the operational amplifier, and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the AD conversion module of the guide driving main control board through the back board.
The radio frequency resonance and feedback board is used for generating radio frequency feedback quantity and transmitting the radio frequency feedback quantity to the radio frequency driving board; and generating a radio frequency high voltage output signal and transmitting the radio frequency high voltage output signal to the ion guide mechanism.
The RF resonance and feedback board is independent of the PXI case of the guide driving device, and can be installed nearby the guide mechanism (such as ion funnel) and shielded by metal shell to avoid RF signal leakage and interference with other circuits or devices. As shown in fig. 6, the rf resonance and feedback board includes an rf resonance module and an rf rectification feedback module, the rf resonance module includes a transformer, and the rf rectification feedback module includes an ac coupling circuit, a rectification circuit, a dc voltage dividing and filtering circuit, and an rf feedback interface;
the primary coil of the transformer is connected with a radio frequency driving signal through a three-coaxial BNC interface and a cable, the secondary coil of the transformer and the ion guide mechanism form an LC resonance circuit, and the primary coil can drive the guide mechanism to reach a preset value by using minimum radio frequency power in a resonance state. The ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the radio frequency voltage of the ion guide mechanism to the peak-to-peak value of the radio frequency driving signal is the same as or similar to the turn ratio of the secondary coil to the primary coil, a middle tap of the secondary coil is connected to direct current high voltage bias output by the direct current high voltage board through an alternating current filter circuit, and pins at two ends of the secondary coil are output to the ion guide mechanism through a BNC interface;
the radio frequency rectification feedback module introduces alternating current output voltage at two ends of the secondary coil through the alternating current coupling circuit, converts radio frequency signals into direct current signals through the rectification circuit, generates radio frequency feedback quantity through the direct current voltage division and filtering circuit, and transmits the radio frequency feedback quantity to the radio frequency driving plate through the SMA interface and the coaxial line.
Example 2
A method for automatic rf tuning of a compact ion guide driver, as shown in fig. 7, comprising the steps of:
obtaining an estimated value of the resonant frequency; in this embodiment, a parallel resonance formula is applied according to the measured or estimated values of the parameters such as the capacitance of the guide mechanism and the secondary inductance of the resonance coil
Figure 111523DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The possible resonant frequency estimate f0 is calculated or the resonant frequency estimate f0 is determined by tuning a record, such as directly taking the past tuning frequency as f 0.
Calculating the initial interval of the resonant frequency search through the estimated value of the resonant frequency; as can be empirically determined, 0.8-1.2 times of the estimated value f0 of the resonant frequency is determined as the starting interval of the resonant frequency search, i.e. the starting interval is 0.8 f 0-1.2 f 0.
Setting a radio frequency driving starting control quantity d; in this embodiment, a smaller rf driving control amount is set to ensure that the detected current does not exceed 90% of the maximum Imax defined by the fuse in the initial interval.
Dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts such as ten equal parts, determining the interval width of each equal part, namely 10 percent of the interval width as a frequency stepping value, and converting and guiding the output frequency of a DDS frequency generation module of a driving main control board according to the frequency stepping value in the frequency range; in this embodiment, the DDS frequency generation module output frequency is shifted in sequential incremental steps from the start of the interval (not included) by 10% of the interval width within the frequency range. It should be understood that other variations may be used depending on the actual situation.
The DDS output frequency is numbered fn (n =1,2,3, …,10) In descending order, and the detected current value In corresponding to the DDS output frequency fn is recorded In order of the number of the DDS output frequency (n =1,2,3, …, 10).
As shown In fig. 8, it is sequentially determined whether the detected current value In is smaller than a first preset current value, for example, 0.9Imax, otherwise, the initial control amount is reduced, for example, the initial control amount is reduced to half of the original control amount, that is, d =0.5d, and the interval width is divided into a plurality of equal parts, each equal interval width is determined as a frequency step value, if yes, an interval end point is adjusted according to the change trend of the detected current value, so as to obtain a new interval, which can automatically classify and process the possible problems In various initial frequency intervals, adjust the initial resonance interval In time, accelerate the interval reduction iteration speed, and ensure to obtain the preset optimal resonance frequency point corresponding to the minimum resonance current. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
if the detected current value is In a descending trend, namely I1-I2 is more than or equal to 0, and In-1 is less than 0, recording the minimum value of the detected current, namely assigning the value of n to m, judging whether the frequency corresponding to the minimum value of the detected current is the maximum DDS output frequency, namely judging whether m =10 is true, if so, changing the lower limit of the frequency interval into the middle point of the original interval, and increasing the upper limit of the frequency interval into a plurality of times of the upper limit of the original interval, if so, changing the upper limit of the frequency interval into 120 percent of the upper limit, otherwise, keeping the upper limit of the original interval unchanged;
if the current value is decreased all the time, the minimum current value corresponds to the maximum DDS output frequency, the upper limit of the initial interval can be judged to be smaller, the original lower limit can be set as the midpoint of the original interval, the upper limit is increased to the original interval by a plurality of times, and the resonant frequency determining efficiency is improved.
If the detected current value shows an increasing trend, i.e. I1-I2 is less than 0, changing the upper limit of the frequency interval into the middle point of the original interval, and reducing the lower limit of the frequency interval to be a plurality of times of the lower limit of the original interval, for example, changing the lower limit of the frequency interval into 80 percent of the lower limit;
the detection current corresponding to the first DDS output frequencies does not show a decreasing trend, the initial interval can be immediately judged to be improper, the resonance point is below the lower limit frequency, the upper limit frequency can be quickly adjusted to the middle point of the original interval, and the lower limit frequency is reduced to be a plurality of times of the original frequency.
If the detected current value is In a trend of descending first and then increasing or a trend of descending first and then keeping unchanged, i.e. I1-I2 is greater than or equal to 0, and In-1 is greater than or equal to 0, as shown In FIG. 10, it is illustrated that the queried interval includes a resonant frequency point; judging whether the number of the minimum value of the detection current is an initialized value, wherein the initialized value of m is '1', namely judging whether m =1 is true, if so, recording the minimum value of the detection current and the number thereof, namely assigning a value of n-1 to m, and judging whether the increment of the current detection current value compared with the minimum value of the detection current reaches a threshold value such as 0.01A, namely judging whether In-Im >0.01A is true, otherwise, skipping to judging whether the increment of the current detection current value compared with the minimum value of the detection current reaches the threshold value;
if the increment of the current detection current value compared with the minimum detection current value reaches a threshold value, setting the output frequency corresponding to the current detection current value as the upper limit value of the frequency of a new interval, namely, assigning the value of n to t, and setting ft as the upper limit value of the frequency of the new interval;
and if the increment of the current detection current value compared with the detection current minimum value does not reach the threshold value, skipping to judge whether the detection current minimum value is the maximum DDS output frequency.
If the current is judged to be reduced and then increased or not changed, the resonant frequency acquisition interval can be reduced according to a preset increment limit value relative to the minimum current, and iteration is continuously carried out until the interval width preset value requirement or the control quantity upper limit is met.
Then initializing a range lower limit translation parameter s = 1;
acquiring a detection current value corresponding to a difference value m-s between a number m corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and an interval lower limit translation parameter s, marking the detection current value as a first current value Im-s, judging whether the difference value between the first current value Im-s and the minimum value Im of the detection current is greater than a first preset value such as 0.01A, if so, taking a frequency fm-s corresponding to the first current value Im-s as a new interval lower limit, otherwise, judging that the current detection value is close to the value near the minimum value and has a difference smaller than 0.01A, and regarding that the currents have no significant difference and are approximately equal, under the condition, judging whether the difference value between the number m corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and the interval lower limit translation parameter s is smaller than a second preset value such as 1, namely, judging whether s < m-1 is satisfied, if so, increasing the value of the interval lower limit translation parameter, i.e. s = s +1, and jumping to acquiring the difference value m-s between the number m corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and the interval lower limit translation parameter s S a corresponding detected current value.
Judging whether the width of the new interval reaches a set target fmin, such as 0.05MHz, namely judging whether (fm + t-fm-s) < fmin is established;
if the width of the new interval reaches the set target, the middle point of the new interval is taken as the set value of the resonant frequency output by the DDS frequency generation module, namely the resonant frequency is set to be (fm + t + fm-s)/2, the frequency can ensure that the resonant current is minimum, and the resonant boosting efficiency is highest.
If the width of the new interval does not reach the set target, judging whether the width of the new interval is smaller than the preset multiple of the width of the original interval, wherein the preset multiple is smaller than 1, and if the preset multiple is set to be 0.7, judging whether (fm + t-fm-s) <0.7 (f 10-f 1) is true;
if so, determining a preset multiple of the width of the new interval, such as 10%, as a frequency stepping value, recording a detection current value In (n =1,2,3, …,10) corresponding to the output frequency fn of the DDS, jumping to the step of recording the minimum value of the detection current, and initializing an interval lower limit translation parameter and an interval upper limit translation parameter;
otherwise, judging whether the detected current value of the current equally divided interval is smaller than a second preset current value, such as 0.5Imax, if so, increasing the control quantity, such as increasing the radio frequency driving control quantity by times, namely d =2d, achieving the purpose of increasing the current difference among the frequency points, and jumping to a step of determining the preset multiple of the width of the new interval, such as 10%, as a frequency stepping value, otherwise, taking the middle point of the new interval as a setting value of the output resonance frequency of the DDS frequency generation module, namely setting the resonance frequency as (fm + t + fm-s)/2.
As shown in fig. 9, the flow of the current overrun protection mechanism includes the following steps:
after tuning is completed, setting the DDS output frequency as a resonant frequency fx;
adjusting the radio frequency drive control quantity d until the corresponding detection current value reaches 80% of the fuse limit value, namely Id =0.8 Imax;
determining a control quantity stepping value through the radio frequency driving control quantity; for example, 5% -10% d is used as the control quantity step value.
And changing the control quantity from an initial value, for example, increasing the control quantity from zero according to a step value, and recording the control quantity and the corresponding detection current value one by one to obtain a series of points of one-to-one correspondence of the radio frequency drive control quantity and the detection current value. It should be understood that other control amount variation manners may be selected according to actual situations.
Fitting the relation curve of the control quantity and the detection current, e.g. using linear to polynomial to fit the relation curve of the control quantity and the detection current, and determining the degree of matching R 2 Whether or not the target is reached, e.g. judging R 2 Whether the current is greater than or equal to 0.999, if not, increasing the fitting order, and jumping to a relation curve of the fitting control quantity and the detection current;
if so, determining a relation function I = p (d) of the control quantity and the detection current under the resonance frequency fx;
judging whether a detected current value Ie corresponding to a real-time value e of the control amount in the system operation deviates from an estimated current value of a fitting curve within a preset range, if yes, keeping normal operation, and jumping to obtain the detected current value Ie corresponding to the real-time value e of the control amount in the system operation; if yes, the control quantity is set to a target value such as 0, and a corresponding alarm mechanism is started. When the radio frequency driving system operates, the actual detected current value corresponding to the radio frequency control quantity deviates from the estimated current value of the fitting curve by more than +/-20% or 0.2A, the resonance deviation or the system abnormality is judged, the radio frequency driving control is automatically adjusted to be 0, and a corresponding alarm mechanism is started.
In the automatic tuning process, a small control quantity is set firstly, so that the device damage caused by the overlarge detection current value (the output current of the radio frequency driving signal) due to too much deviation of DDS output from the resonant frequency is avoided, and the initial control quantity is adjusted according to the fact whether the detection current value exceeds the limit or not. The detection current values corresponding to the DDS in the wide output frequency band are approximately equal due to the fact that the control quantity is too small, so that the control quantity is required to be continuously increased to a proper value correspondingly, the current difference between frequency points near the resonant frequency is increased, the resonant frequency searching interval is further shortened, and the accuracy of the final resonant frequency setting value is improved.
By reasonably setting the control quantity, the accuracy of finally determining the resonant frequency can be improved on the premise of ensuring the safety of a system device.
Example 3
An electronic device 200, as shown in FIG. 11, includes but is not limited to: a memory 201 having program code stored thereon; a processor 202 coupled to the memory and when the program code is executed by the processor, implementing a compact ion guide driving method. For the detailed description of the method, reference may be made to the corresponding description in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not repeated here.
Example 4
A computer readable storage medium, as shown in fig. 12, having stored thereon program instructions which, when executed, implement a compact ion guide driving method. For the detailed description of the method, reference may be made to the corresponding description in the above method embodiments, which is not repeated herein.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
The above description is intended only as an example, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the teaching to one or more embodiments. Various modifications and alterations to one or more embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of one or more embodiments of the present specification should be included in the scope of claims of one or more embodiments of the present specification. One or more embodiments of this specification.

Claims (21)

1. A compact ion guide driver, comprising: the system comprises a case, a guide driving main control board, a direct current high-voltage board, a radio frequency driving board and a radio frequency resonance and feedback board; a plurality of connecting slots are formed in the case, the guide driving main control board, the direct-current high-voltage board and the radio frequency driving board are all pluggable board cards, and the guide driving main control board, the direct-current high-voltage board and the radio frequency driving board are movably connected with the case through the connecting slots;
the guide driving main control board is used for providing a plurality of independent DA output levels and controlling the output quantity of the radio frequency driving board and the direct current high-voltage board; configuring a plurality of paths of DDS output circuits, generating DDS frequency signals and outputting the DDS frequency signals to the radio frequency driving board; and carrying out data and instruction interaction with a superior control system;
the direct-current high-voltage board is used for outputting AD feedback quantity to the guide driving main control board; outputting a plurality of paths of high-voltage direct-current levels to the radio frequency resonance and feedback plate and the ion guide mechanism;
the radio frequency driving board is used for receiving radio frequency feedback quantity input from the radio frequency resonance and feedback board, comparing the radio frequency feedback quantity with the radio frequency DA control quantity, and outputting a corresponding radio frequency amplification control level according to the feedback relation of the closed loop; outputting a radio frequency driving signal to the radio frequency resonance and feedback board; converting the radio frequency feedback quantity output by the radio frequency resonance and feedback board into AD feedback quantity, and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the guide driving main control board;
the radio frequency resonance and feedback board is used for generating radio frequency feedback quantity and transmitting the radio frequency feedback quantity to the radio frequency driving board; and generating a radio frequency high voltage output signal and transmitting the radio frequency high voltage output signal to the ion guide mechanism.
2. A compact ion guide driver according to claim 1, wherein: the guide driving main control board comprises a first direct current power supply module, a signal processing module, a DA conversion module, an AD conversion module, a DDS frequency generation module and a serial port communication module; the first direct current power supply module is used for power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the signal processing module is used for controlling the operation of other functional modules and carrying out data interaction with the other functional modules; the DA conversion module is used for converting a main control digital instruction into an analog control level, providing a plurality of independent DA output levels according to application requirements and controlling the output quantity of the radio frequency driving board and the output quantity of the direct current high-voltage board; the AD conversion module is used for converting the analog feedback quantity output by the radio frequency driving board and the direct current high-voltage board into a digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the signal processing module; the DDS frequency generation module is used for configuring a plurality of DDS output circuits, generating DDS frequency signals according to the control instructions output by the signal processing module and outputting the DDS frequency signals to the radio frequency drive board; the serial port communication module is used for communicating through an interface circuit to realize data and instruction interaction with a superior control system.
3. A compact ion guide driver according to claim 2, wherein: the direct-current high-voltage board comprises a second direct-current power supply module, a high-voltage power supply module, a push-pull voltage regulating module and an AD feedback circuit; the second direct current power supply module is used for realizing power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the high-voltage power supply module is used for providing high-voltage upper and lower limit input for the push-pull voltage regulating module; the push-pull voltage regulating module comprises a plurality of groups of push-pull voltage regulating circuits and is used for receiving the analog control level output by the DA conversion module of the guidance drive main control panel and converting and outputting a corresponding high-voltage direct current level; the AD feedback circuit is used for outputting AD feedback quantity and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the AD conversion module of the guide driving main control board.
4. A compact ion guide driver according to claim 2, wherein: the radio frequency driving board comprises a third direct current power supply module, a plurality of groups of radio frequency amplification modules, a plurality of groups of power amplification modules, a plurality of groups of current detection modules and an AD feedback module; the third direct current power supply module is used for realizing power supply filtering and voltage conversion and providing required voltage and power for other modules; the radio frequency amplification module is used for comparing the radio frequency feedback quantity with the radio frequency DA control quantity and outputting a corresponding radio frequency amplification control level according to the feedback relation of the closed loop; the power amplification module is used for amplifying the radio-frequency signal subjected to amplitude modulation by a plurality of times to generate a radio-frequency amplification signal, and outputting a radio-frequency driving signal to the radio-frequency resonance and feedback board through the triaxial BNC interface and the cable; the current detection module is used for collecting current signals and outputting corresponding voltage signals to the AD feedback module; the AD feedback module is used for isolating and converting the radio frequency feedback quantity output by the radio frequency resonance and feedback board and the voltage signal output by the current detection module into AD feedback quantity which corresponds to each other one by one and has a constant voltage value, and transmitting the AD feedback quantity to the AD conversion module of the guide driving main control board.
5. The compact ion guide driver as recited in claim 4, further comprising: the radio frequency resonance and feedback board comprises a radio frequency resonance module and a radio frequency rectification feedback module, the radio frequency resonance module comprises a transformer, and the radio frequency rectification feedback module comprises an alternating current coupling circuit, a rectification circuit, a direct current voltage division and filtering circuit and a radio frequency feedback interface;
a primary coil of the transformer is connected with a radio frequency driving signal through a three-coaxial BNC interface and a cable, a secondary coil of the transformer and the ion guide mechanism form an LC resonance circuit, a middle tap of the secondary coil is connected with a direct current high-voltage bias output by the direct current high-voltage board through an alternating current filter circuit, and pins at two ends of the secondary coil are output to the ion guide mechanism through the BNC interface;
the radio frequency rectification feedback module introduces alternating current output voltage at two ends of the secondary coil through the alternating current coupling circuit, converts radio frequency signals into direct current signals through the rectification circuit, generates radio frequency feedback quantity through the direct current voltage division and filtering circuit, and transmits the radio frequency feedback quantity to the radio frequency drive board through the SMA interface and the coaxial line.
6. A compact ion guide driver according to claim 1, wherein: the power supply module also comprises a back plate, wherein the back plate comprises a direct current power supply access port, a power supply filter circuit and a plurality of assembling and connecting plug-in units; the direct current power supply access port is used for accessing a direct current power supply provided by an external power supply; the power supply filter circuit is used for suppressing and eliminating interference in an external power supply; the connectors are used for being in plug-in connection with the connectors on each board card.
7. The compact ion guide driver as recited in claim 6, wherein: pins at the same positions of all the groups of the plug-ins on the back plate are connected together, wherein part of the pins are connected with a power supply network and a ground plane of the back plate;
the pins of the connectors on each board card are connected to a power supply network and a ground plane from the pins at the corresponding positions of the connectors on the backboard;
the signals that interact between the boards are connected to pins at the same location in their respective connectors.
8. A compact ion guide driver according to claim 7, wherein: the detection adapter plate is a pluggable board card and is movably connected with the case through the insertion slot; the detection adapter plate is provided with a test point array, and each test point is connected with a corresponding pin of the connector; the detection adapter board is used for accessing an analog signal and debugging and controlling the radio frequency driving board, the direct current high-voltage board and the guide driving main control board; the detection adapter plate is also used for being connected with a signal monitoring device and monitoring signals or power supply voltage transmitted by the ion guide driving device through the backboard.
9. A compact ion guide driver according to claim 3, wherein: the push-pull voltage regulating circuit comprises an operational amplifier, a feedback loop, a first voltage dividing circuit, a first triode, a second triode, a first MOS tube and a second MOS tube, the first input port and the second input port of the operational amplifier compare an analog control level with a feedback potential of the feedback loop, output a corresponding control level from the output port, the control level changes a voltage value across a resistor in the first voltage dividing circuit through the first voltage dividing circuit, thereby changing the collector current of the first triode and the second triode, the current difference of the first triode and the second triode controls the grid source voltage of the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube, therefore, the output high voltage is regulated and controlled, the output high voltage is output to a corresponding load through an interface, and each pin is respectively output for each group of high voltage and reflows to the ground wire.
10. A compact ion guide driver according to claim 9, wherein: the push-pull voltage regulating circuit further comprises a bidirectional voltage regulator tube and an output overcurrent protection circuit, wherein the bidirectional voltage regulator tube is used for ensuring that the grid-source voltage of the first MOS tube and the grid-source voltage of the second MOS tube do not exceed a preset value, and the output overcurrent protection circuit is used for limiting the current flowing through a resistor in the output overcurrent protection circuit from exceeding the preset value.
11. A compact ion guide drive arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the AD feedback circuit comprises a second voltage division circuit and an operational amplifier following isolation circuit, the second voltage division circuit divides output high voltage and inputs the divided output high voltage to the operational amplifier following isolation circuit, the AD feedback quantity is output by the output end of the operational amplifier, and the AD feedback quantity is transmitted to the AD conversion module of the guide driving main control board.
12. A method of automatic rf tuning of a compact ion guide driver as recited in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
obtaining an estimated value of the resonant frequency;
calculating the initial interval of the resonant frequency search according to the estimated value of the resonant frequency;
setting a radio frequency driving initial control quantity;
dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts, determining each equal interval width as a frequency stepping value, and converting and guiding the DDS frequency generation module of the driving main control board to output frequency according to the frequency stepping value;
sequentially recording detection current values corresponding to the DDS output frequency;
sequentially judging whether the detected current value is smaller than a first preset current value or not, if not, reducing the initial control quantity, skipping to the step of dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts, determining the interval width of each equal part as a frequency stepping value, and if so, adjusting the interval endpoint through the change trend of the detected current value to obtain a new interval;
and if the width of the new interval reaches the set target, taking the middle point of the new interval as a set value of the output resonant frequency of the DDS frequency generation module.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the automated rf tuning of the compact ion guide driver comprises: and numbering the DDS output frequencies from small to large, and recording the detection current values corresponding to the DDS output frequencies in sequence according to the numbers of the DDS output frequencies.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the adjusting the end of the range by detecting the trend of the current value comprises:
if the detected current value is in a descending trend, recording the minimum value of the detected current, and if the frequency corresponding to the minimum value of the detected current is the maximum DDS output frequency, increasing the lower limit and the upper limit of the frequency interval;
if the detected current value presents an increasing trend, changing the upper limit of the frequency interval into the middle point of the original interval, and reducing the lower limit of the frequency interval into a plurality of times of the lower limit of the original interval;
if the detected current value is in a trend of descending first and then increasing gradually or a trend of descending first and then keeping unchanged, if the number of the detected current minimum value is an initialization value, the detected current minimum value and the number are recorded, and if the increment of the current detected current value relative to the detected current minimum value reaches a threshold value, the upper limit of a frequency interval is reduced.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of automatically tuning the ion guide driver comprises:
when the detected current value is in a descending trend, judging whether the frequency corresponding to the minimum value of the detected current is the maximum DDS output frequency, if so, changing the lower limit of the frequency interval into the middle point of the original interval, and increasing the upper limit of the frequency interval to be a plurality of times of the upper limit value of the original interval, otherwise, keeping the upper limit value of the original interval unchanged;
when the detected current value is in a trend of descending first and then increasing gradually or a trend of descending first and then keeping unchanged, judging that the number of the detected current minimum value is an initialization value, if so, recording the detected current minimum value and the number thereof, and judging whether the increment of the current detected current value compared with the detected current minimum value reaches a threshold value, otherwise, skipping to the step of judging whether the increment of the current detected current value compared with the detected current minimum value reaches the threshold value;
if the increment of the current detection current value compared with the minimum detection current value reaches a threshold value, setting the output frequency corresponding to the current detection current value as the upper limit value of the frequency of a new interval;
and if the increment of the current detection current value compared with the detection current minimum value does not reach a threshold value, skipping to the step of judging whether the detection current minimum value is the maximum DDS output frequency.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the steps of:
initializing an interval lower limit translation parameter;
and acquiring a detection current value corresponding to the difference value between the number corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and the interval lower limit translation parameter, recording the detection current value as a first current value, judging whether the difference value between the first current value and the minimum value of the detection current is greater than a first preset value, if so, taking the frequency corresponding to the first current value as a new interval lower limit, otherwise, judging whether the difference value between the number corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and the interval lower limit translation parameter is less than a second preset value, if so, increasing the value of the interval lower limit translation parameter, and jumping to the detection current value corresponding to the difference value between the number corresponding to the minimum value of the detection current and the interval lower limit translation parameter.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the steps of:
if the width of the new interval does not reach the set target, judging whether the width of the new interval is smaller than a preset multiple of the width of the original interval, wherein the preset multiple is smaller than 1;
if so, determining a preset multiple of the new interval width as a frequency stepping value, recording a detection current value corresponding to the DDS output frequency, skipping to the step of dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts, and determining each equal interval width as the frequency stepping value;
otherwise, judging whether the minimum value of the detected current is smaller than a second preset current value, if so, increasing the control quantity, skipping to the step of dividing the interval width into a plurality of equal parts, determining the interval width of each equal part as a frequency stepping value, and otherwise, taking the middle point of the new interval as a setting value of the output resonant frequency of the DDS frequency generation module.
18. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of:
after tuning is completed, setting the DDS output frequency as a resonant frequency;
adjusting the radio frequency driving control quantity to a corresponding detection current value;
determining a control quantity stepping value through the radio frequency driving control quantity;
changing the control quantity from an initial value, and recording the control quantity and the corresponding detection current value one by one;
fitting a relation curve of the control quantity and the detection current, judging whether the matching degree reaches a target, otherwise, increasing a fitting order, and jumping to the relation curve of the control quantity and the detection current;
if so, determining a relation function of the control quantity and the detection current under the resonance frequency;
acquiring a detection current value corresponding to a control quantity real-time value in the operation of the system;
judging whether the detected current value corresponding to the real-time value of the control quantity in the system operation deviates from the estimated current value corresponding to the real-time value of the control quantity on the fitting curve and exceeds a preset range, if not, keeping the system operation normally, and skipping to the step of obtaining the detected current value corresponding to the real-time value of the control quantity in the system operation; if yes, the control quantity is set as a target value, and a corresponding alarm mechanism is started.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the automated rf tuning of the compact ion guide driver comprises: the estimated value of the resonance frequency is calculated by applying a parallel resonance formula or determined by tuning record according to the measured value or the estimated value of the capacitance value of the ion guide mechanism and the secondary inductance value of the resonance coil.
20. An electronic device, comprising: a memory having program code stored thereon; a processor connected with the memory and implementing the method of any one of claims 12 to 19 when the program code is executed by the processor.
21. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon program instructions which, when executed, implement the method of any one of claims 12 to 19.
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