CN114784756A - Stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of variable speed pumped storage unit - Google Patents

Stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of variable speed pumped storage unit Download PDF

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CN114784756A
CN114784756A CN202210368083.4A CN202210368083A CN114784756A CN 114784756 A CN114784756 A CN 114784756A CN 202210368083 A CN202210368083 A CN 202210368083A CN 114784756 A CN114784756 A CN 114784756A
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rotor
current
stator
phase
phase current
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尹项根
乔健
王义凯
谭力铭
卢庆辉
朱凌进
张哲�
文明浩
陈卫
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/006—Means for protecting the generator by using control

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Abstract

The invention discloses a stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of a variable speed pumped storage unit, and belongs to the field of relay protection of a generator motor. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the peak value and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the stator, and calculating to obtain the peak value of the three-phase current of the rotor according to the current transformation ratio relation of the stator and the rotor; establishing an optimization model by taking the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor as decision variables and taking the minimum difference between a measured value and a calculated value of the three-phase current of the rotor as a target; solving the optimization model to obtain the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor; converting the measured value of the three-phase current of the rotor to the stator based on the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor to obtain converted current; forming pilot frequency differential protection by using the converted current and a measured value of the three-phase current of the stator; and if the protection action is carried out, judging that the short-circuit fault occurs inside the rotor winding of the variable-speed pumping and storage unit. The method has higher sensitivity and can reliably realize the protection of the short-circuit fault inside the rotor winding.

Description

Stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of variable speed pumped storage unit
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of relay protection of a generator motor, and particularly relates to a stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of a variable-speed pumped storage unit.
Background
The variable-speed pumping and storage unit can realize wide-range flexible power regulation in a pumping mode and a power generation mode, has higher efficiency than a traditional pumping and storage power station, and is a key component for constructing a novel power system taking new energy as a main body in China. At present, China is in a starting stage in the field of variable speed pumping technology research, and the fault of a variable speed pumping unit is rarely researched.
The rotor winding of the variable-speed pumping and storage unit adopts an alternating-current excitation structure, the excitation voltage is high, insulation degradation is easy to occur in the rotor winding in the high-speed rotation process, and then an internal short-circuit fault occurs. The fault can cause serious problems such as local overheating of the winding, abnormal vibration of the unit, even damage to the rotor and the like. Due to the extremely large capacity of the variable-speed pumped storage power station, the cost of rotor equipment is high, and a targeted protection scheme should be provided for the short-circuit fault of a rotor winding.
The existing research only utilizes the stator electric quantity or only utilizes the rotor electric quantity to identify faults, the sensitivity is low, and the actual engineering requirements are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of a variable speed pumped storage unit, which aims to form differential protection by using the electric quantity of a stator and a rotor simultaneously, thereby sensitively and reliably realizing the internal short circuit fault protection of a rotor winding of the variable speed pumped storage unit.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a stator and rotor differential frequency current differential protection method for a variable speed pumped storage unit, including:
s1, obtaining a peak value and a phase angle of three-phase current of a stator, and calculating to obtain a peak value of three-phase current of a rotor according to a stator-rotor current transformation ratio relation;
s2, establishing an optimization model by taking angular frequency and phase angle of three-phase current of the rotor as decision variables and taking the minimum difference between a measured value and a calculated value of the three-phase current of the rotor as a target; solving the optimization model by using an optimization algorithm to obtain the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor;
s3, converting the measured value of the three-phase current of the rotor to a stator based on the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor to obtain converted current;
s4, forming pilot frequency differential protection by using the converted current and the measured value of the three-phase current of the stator; and if the protection action is carried out, judging that the short-circuit fault occurs inside the rotor winding of the variable-speed pumping and storage unit.
Further, in S1, obtaining the peak value and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the stator includes: and when the variable-speed pumping and storage unit normally and stably operates, obtaining a stator three-phase current measured value of at least one power frequency period, and performing Fourier transformation to obtain the peak value and the phase angle of the stator three-phase current.
Further, in S1, a peak value I of a certain phase current of the rotorr calExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003586740930000021
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0003586740930000022
is the peak value of a certain phase current of the stator, NsAnd NrThe number of turns of each phase of single-branch winding of the stator and the rotor is respectively in series connection; k is a radical ofwsAnd kwrThe fundamental wave winding coefficients of the stator and the rotor are respectively.
Further, in S2, the optimization model is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003586740930000023
Figure BDA0003586740930000024
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003586740930000025
representing the angular frequency of a certain phase current of the rotor,
Figure BDA0003586740930000026
phase angle, T, representing a phase of a current of the rotorcFor measuring the interval time, N is the number of measurements in a single power frequency cycle, Iar[nTc]For a measurement of a certain phase current of the rotor at the nth measurement interval,
Figure BDA0003586740930000027
the peak value, omega, of a certain phase current of the rotorsIs the angular frequency of the stator current, sceAlpha is a threshold coefficient and is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.1.
Further, in the S3, a certain phase converts the current
Figure BDA0003586740930000031
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0003586740930000032
wherein T represents the current time, Iar(T) is a measured value of a certain phase current of the rotor at the time T,
Figure BDA0003586740930000033
the phase angle of a certain phase current of the stator.
Further, in the S4, the converted current and the measured values of the three-phase current of the stator are usedForming pilot frequency differential protection, comprising: for a certain phase to convert the current
Figure BDA0003586740930000034
And a measured current I of a certain phase of the statoras(T) performing Fourier transform to obtain phasor
Figure BDA0003586740930000035
And
Figure BDA0003586740930000036
and forming a differential protection, an operating current I of the differential protectiondAnd a braking current IzRespectively as follows:
Figure BDA0003586740930000037
on the other hand, the invention also provides a stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection system of the variable speed pumped storage unit, which comprises: a computer-readable storage medium and a processor;
the computer readable storage medium is used for storing executable instructions;
the processor is used for reading the executable instructions stored in the computer readable storage medium and executing the method.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides the pilot frequency current differential protection which is formed by simultaneously utilizing the stator electrical quantity and the rotor electrical quantity of the variable-speed pump-storage unit for the first time, and solves the problem that the internal short-circuit fault of the rotor winding of the variable-speed pump-storage unit is lack of targeted protection because a current transformer cannot be installed at the neutral point of the rotor. The pilot frequency current differential protection method provided by the invention has higher sensitivity, is beneficial to realizing the targeted high-sensitivity protection of the short-circuit fault inside the rotor winding of the variable-speed pumped storage unit, and avoids the great economic loss of unit damage caused by the failure of identifying the fault in the first time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a stator-rotor differential frequency current differential protection method for a variable speed pumped storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a waveform of instantaneous values of three-phase currents of a stator when a 5 th turn coil of a first branch of a phase a and a 1 st turn coil of a second branch of the phase a have a short-circuit fault in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a waveform of instantaneous values of three-phase currents of a rotor when a 5 th turn coil of a first branch of a phase A and a 1 st turn coil of a second branch of the phase A have a short-circuit fault according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a result of converting the rotor a-phase current to obtain a real-time converted current when a short-circuit fault occurs between the rotor a-phase first branch 5 th turn coil and the rotor a-phase second branch 1 st turn coil in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a variation trajectory of the operating current and the braking current of the inter-frequency differential protection when the 5 th turn coil of the first branch of the phase a and the 1 st turn coil of the second branch of the phase a of the rotor in the embodiment of the present invention have a short-circuit fault.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of a variable speed pumped storage unit, as shown in figure 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining the peak value and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the stator, and calculating to obtain the peak value of the three-phase current of the rotor according to the current transformation ratio relation of the stator and the rotor.
Specifically, step S1 specifically includes:
s11, when the variable-speed pumping and storage unit operates normally and stably, the three-phase current measured values of the stator and the rotor in at least one power frequency period are extracted, and the current transformers of the stator and the rotor are synchronously measured and have consistent sampling rates. With phase a asFor example, the measured value sequences of the a-phase currents of the stator and the rotor are respectively recorded as: i isas[Tc]，...，Ias[nTc]，...，Ias[NTc]And Iar[Tc]，...，Iar[nTc]，...，Iar[NTc]. Wherein, TcFor measuring the interval time, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N for the measuring times in N single power frequency periods.
S12, taking phase a as an example, for a phase a current I of the statoras[Tc]，...，Ias[nTc]，...，Ias[NTc]And performing Fourier transformation to obtain the peak value and the phase angle of the stator a-phase current, which are respectively recorded as:
Figure BDA0003586740930000051
and
Figure BDA0003586740930000052
calculating the peak value of the rotor a-phase current according to the relation of the current transformation ratio of the stator and the rotor
Figure BDA0003586740930000053
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003586740930000054
wherein N issAnd NrThe number of turns of each phase single-branch winding of the stator and the rotor are respectively connected in series; k is a radical ofwsAnd kwrThe fundamental wave winding coefficients of the stator and the rotor are respectively.
S2, establishing an optimization model by taking the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor as decision variables and taking the minimum difference between a measured value and a calculated value of the three-phase current of the rotor as a target; and solving the optimization model by using an optimization algorithm to obtain the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor.
Specifically, step S2 specifically includes:
s21, taking the phase a as an example, the corresponding optimization model is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0003586740930000055
Figure BDA0003586740930000056
wherein s isceFor measured values of slip, decision variables
Figure BDA0003586740930000057
Angular frequency, decision variable representing rotor a-phase current
Figure BDA0003586740930000058
The phase angle of the rotor a phase current is shown, alpha is a threshold coefficient, and alpha is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.1.
S22, preferably, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is selected as the optimization algorithm for solving the optimization model.
And S3, converting the measured value of the three-phase current of the rotor to the stator based on the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor to obtain converted current.
Specifically, step S3 specifically includes:
taking phase a as an example, the conversion formula for converting the rotor current to the stator is as follows:
Figure BDA0003586740930000061
wherein, ω issIs stator current angular frequency, omegas314.15 rad/s. T denotes the current time, Iar(T) is a real-time measurement of rotor a-phase current,
Figure BDA0003586740930000062
the current is converted in real time for the a-phase.
S4, forming pilot frequency differential protection by using the converted current and the measured value of the three-phase current of the stator; and if the protection action is carried out, judging that a short-circuit fault occurs inside the rotor winding of the variable-speed pumping storage unit.
Specifically, step S4 specifically includes:
s41, taking phase a as an example, converting the current in real time
Figure BDA0003586740930000063
And stator a phase measured current Ias(T) performing Fourier transform to obtain phasor
Figure BDA0003586740930000064
And
Figure BDA0003586740930000065
and constitute differential protection, the action current and the braking current of differential protection are respectively:
Figure BDA0003586740930000066
s42, adopting a variable slope ratio braking criterion as a differential criterion, wherein the protection criterion is as follows:
Id＞Kbl×Iz+Icdqd Iz≤kIs
Kbl＝Kbl1+Kblr×(Iz/Is)
Id＞Kbl2×(Iz-kIs)+b+Icdqd Iz＞kIs
Kblr＝(Kbl2-Kbl1)/(2k)
b＝(Kbl1+Kblr×k)×kIs
wherein, Kbl1And Kbl2Initial and maximum ratiometric differential slopes, typically 0.1 and 0.7, respectively; when k is the maximum slope, the braking current multiple is fixed to be 6; I.C. AcdqdSetting a starting constant value for the differential current, and taking 0.3 times of rated current; i issThe stator is rated for current.
S43, the a-phase current, the b-phase current and the c-phase current of the stator and the rotor can respectively form a differential protection criterion, and the outlet logic of the three-phase differential frequency current differential protection is OR logic.
The validity of the proposed fault diagnosis method is verified by simulation below.
Taking a certain actual variable speed pumping unit as an example, the basic parameters of the unit are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic parameters of a practical variable speed pumping and storage unit
Parameter(s) Stator with a stator core Rotor
Number of grooves (Z) 252 294
Winding form Double-layer lap winding Double-layer wave winding
Logarithm of pole (P) 7 7
Number of parallel branches 4 2
Number of turns per branch 21 49
First pitch (y)1) 15 21
Second pitch (y)2) 14 21
Establishing a simulation calculation model of the unit shown in the table 1 based on a multi-loop method:
Figure BDA0003586740930000071
in the formula, p is a differential operator; u shapesAnd UrRespectively are stator and rotor branch voltage matrixes; I.C. AsAnd IrRespectively are stator branch current matrixes and rotor branch current matrixes; r issAnd RrRespectively a stator branch resistance matrix and a rotor branch resistance matrix; l isssEach branch of the stator is self-mutual inductance matrix; l is a radical of an alcoholrrEach branch of the rotor is provided with a mutual inductance matrix; l issrAnd LrsIs a mutual inductance matrix between each branch of the stator and the rotor. The equation is a time-varying ordinary differential equation system, and can be solved by utilizing a fourth-order Runge Kutta algorithm.
When the slip s is 0.1, it is assumed that a short-circuit fault occurs between the 5 th turn coil of the first branch of the phase a and the 1 st turn coil of the second branch of the phase a, and the fault time is 35 s. The waveform of the instantaneous value of the three-phase current of the stator is obtained through simulation calculation and is shown in figure 2, the waveform of the instantaneous value of the three-phase current of the rotor is shown in figure 3, the angular frequencies of the two currents are different, and the currents in the figures are in a per unit value form. Taking phase a as an example, the current conversion method provided by the invention is utilized to convert and transform the phase a current of the rotor to obtain real-time converted current
Figure BDA0003586740930000072
As shown in fig. 4. It can be found that the current is converted in real time in normal operation
Figure BDA0003586740930000073
Phase I of current a with statoras(T) completeEqual but significantly different after an internal short circuit fault in the rotor windings.
Using real-time converted current
Figure BDA0003586740930000074
And measured stator current Ias(T) the pilot frequency differential protection is formed, and the change trajectories of the operating current and the braking current are shown in fig. 5. It can be found that after a fault, the pilot frequency differential protection gradually enters an action area from a brake area, and the pilot frequency differential protection acts in a protection mode when the pilot frequency differential protection intersects with a protection criterion, so that the internal short-circuit fault of a rotor winding of the variable-speed pumping and storage unit can be reliably protected.
According to the connection sequence of the rotor windings of the actual unit in table 1, the number of the internal short-circuit faults of the rotor windings of the unit, which may occur, is obtained as shown in table 2, and there are 12054 faults in total. And performing protection verification on all possible short-circuit faults inside the rotor winding.
TABLE 2 number of possible short-circuit faults of the rotor winding
Same branch Same phase and different branches Out of phase Total number of
In-slot fault 252 42 0 294
End failure 1584 1944 8232 11760
Total number of failures 1836 1986 8232 12054
When the slip s is 0.1, the protection operation of the pilot frequency differential protection method provided by the invention is shown in table 3, and the protection coverage is 93.27%. When the slip s is 0.01, the protection operation of the pilot frequency differential protection method provided by the invention is as shown in table 4, and the protection coverage is 92.36%. The pilot frequency differential protection method provided by the invention has higher action rate and can protect most of the internal short-circuit faults of the rotor winding. In addition, when the slip ratio changes, the protection action rate changes little, and the protection performance of the method is less influenced by the change of the rotating speed of the rotor.
Table 3 s is the protection action situation of the different frequency differential protection method when 0.1 s
Same branch Same or differentBranch of Out of phase Total number of
In-slot fault 222 36 0 258
End failure 1266 1523 8196 10985
Total number of faults 1488 1559 8196 11243
Table 4 s is the protection operation condition of the different frequency differential protection method when 0.01
Same branch Same and different branches Out of phase Total number of
In-slot fault 219 36 0 255
End failure 1258 1436 8184 10878
Total number of failures 1477 1472 8184 11133
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of a variable speed pumped storage unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining a peak value and a phase angle of three-phase current of a stator, and calculating to obtain the peak value of the three-phase current of a rotor according to the current transformation ratio relation of the stator and the rotor;
s2, establishing an optimization model by taking angular frequency and phase angle of three-phase current of the rotor as decision variables and taking the minimum difference between a measured value and a calculated value of the three-phase current of the rotor as a target; solving the optimization model by using an optimization algorithm to obtain the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor;
s3, converting the measured value of the three-phase current of the rotor to a stator based on the angular frequency and the phase angle of the three-phase current of the rotor to obtain converted current;
s4, forming pilot frequency differential protection by using the converted current and the measured value of the three-phase current of the stator; and if the protection action is carried out, judging that a short-circuit fault occurs inside the rotor winding of the variable-speed pumping storage unit.
2. The differential protection method for the stator and rotor pilot frequency currents of the variable speed pumped storage unit according to claim 1, wherein in S1, obtaining the peak value and the phase angle of the three phase currents of the stator comprises: and when the variable-speed pumping and storage unit normally and stably operates, obtaining a stator three-phase current measured value of at least one power frequency period, and performing Fourier transformation to obtain the peak value and the phase angle of the stator three-phase current.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in S1, the peak value of a certain phase current of the rotor is the peak value of the stator and rotor differential frequency current of the variable speed pumped storage unit
Figure FDA0003586740920000011
Expressed as:
Figure FDA0003586740920000012
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003586740920000013
is the peak value of a certain phase current of the stator, NsAnd NrThe number of turns of each phase of single-branch winding of the stator and the rotor is respectively in series connection; k is a radical of formulawsAnd kwrThe fundamental wave winding coefficients of the stator and the rotor are respectively.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the optimization model is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003586740920000021
Figure FDA0003586740920000022
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003586740920000023
representing the angular frequency of a certain phase current of the rotor,
Figure FDA0003586740920000024
representing the phase angle, T, of a phase current of the rotorcFor measuring the interval time, N is the number of measurements in a single power frequency cycle, Iar[nTc]For a measurement of a phase current of the rotor at the nth measurement interval,
Figure FDA0003586740920000025
peak value, ω, of a phase current of the rotorsIs the angular frequency of the stator current, sceAlpha is a threshold coefficient and is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.1.
5. The differential protection method for inter-frequency current between stator and rotor of variable speed pumped storage unit as claimed in claim 4, wherein in said S3, a phase is converted into current
Figure FDA0003586740920000026
Expressed as:
Figure FDA0003586740920000027
Figure FDA0003586740920000028
wherein T represents the current time, Iar(T) is a measured value of a certain phase current of the rotor at the time T,
Figure FDA0003586740920000029
the phase angle of a certain phase current of the stator.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S4, the differential frequency current protection is implemented by using the converted current and the measured values of the three-phase current of the stator, and the method comprises: for a certain phase to convert the current
Figure FDA00035867409200000210
And a measured current I of a certain phase of the statoras(T) performing Fourier transform to obtain phasor
Figure FDA00035867409200000211
And
Figure FDA00035867409200000212
and forming a differential protection, the operating current I of which is differential protectiondAnd a braking current IzRespectively as follows:
Figure FDA00035867409200000213
7. a stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection system of a variable speed pumped storage unit is characterized by comprising: a computer-readable storage medium and a processor;
the computer readable storage medium is used for storing executable instructions;
the processor is configured to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the method of any one of claims 1-6.
CN202210368083.4A 2022-04-08 2022-04-08 Stator and rotor pilot frequency current differential protection method of variable speed pumped storage unit Pending CN114784756A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116937499A (en) * 2023-09-06 2023-10-24 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司储能科研院 Method and device for protecting rotor open-phase unbalance fault of variable speed pumping and accumulating unit
CN117096823A (en) * 2023-10-20 2023-11-21 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司 Method and device for protecting rotor short circuit fault of variable speed pumping and accumulating unit

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116937499A (en) * 2023-09-06 2023-10-24 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司储能科研院 Method and device for protecting rotor open-phase unbalance fault of variable speed pumping and accumulating unit
CN116937499B (en) * 2023-09-06 2024-02-09 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司储能科研院 Method and device for protecting rotor open-phase unbalance fault of variable speed pumping and accumulating unit
CN117096823A (en) * 2023-10-20 2023-11-21 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司 Method and device for protecting rotor short circuit fault of variable speed pumping and accumulating unit
CN117096823B (en) * 2023-10-20 2024-03-08 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司 Method and device for protecting rotor short circuit fault of variable speed pumping and accumulating unit

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