CN114784312A - A kind of flow uniformity bipolar plate for fuel cell - Google Patents
A kind of flow uniformity bipolar plate for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN114784312A CN114784312A CN202210416441.4A CN202210416441A CN114784312A CN 114784312 A CN114784312 A CN 114784312A CN 202210416441 A CN202210416441 A CN 202210416441A CN 114784312 A CN114784312 A CN 114784312A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于燃料电池技术领域，具体涉及一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板。The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a flow uniformity bipolar plate for fuel cells.
背景技术Background technique
目前，随着电动车的广泛应用，各种电池技术得到了广泛发展，随之带来电池技术的革新，燃料电池由于其可以将化学能直接转换为电能，获得了广泛应用，但在大量使用后发现燃料电池在使用同一规格的双极板时，燃料电池氢气、空气和冷却液入口近端双极板流量分配不均，使得燃料电池对入口压力需求较大，而由于对燃料电池入口压力需求较大，当入口压力不足时容易使得冷却液的流动不均匀或者流速较慢，不能满足降温需求，进而影响燃料电池性能和使用寿命。At present, with the wide application of electric vehicles, various battery technologies have been widely developed, which has brought about the innovation of battery technology. Fuel cells have been widely used because they can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, but they are widely used in a large number of applications. Later, it was found that when the fuel cell uses the same bipolar plate, the flow distribution of the hydrogen, air and coolant inlets of the fuel cell near the bipolar plate is uneven, which makes the fuel cell have a greater demand for the inlet pressure. The demand is large, and when the inlet pressure is insufficient, the flow of the coolant is likely to be uneven or the flow rate is slow, which cannot meet the cooling demand, thereby affecting the performance and service life of the fuel cell.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a flow uniformity bipolar plate for a fuel cell aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
为实现上述技术目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：In order to realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板，所述双极板贴合膜电极安装，所述双极板安装后两侧分别与膜电极之间形成氢气流道和空气流道，所述双极板中间设置有冷却液流道；A flow uniformity bipolar plate for a fuel cell, the bipolar plate is installed in contact with a membrane electrode, and a hydrogen flow channel and an air flow channel are formed between the two sides of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode respectively after installation, and the bipolar plate is installed. A cooling liquid flow channel is arranged in the middle of the pole plate;
所述双极板中间的冷却液流道截面、双极板两侧与膜电极形成的氢气流道和空气流道，从距离电堆氢气、空气和冷却液入口端开始，向距离电堆氢气、空气和冷却液入口端远处方向，冷却液流道、氢气流道和空气流道截面积逐渐变大。The cross section of the cooling liquid flow channel in the middle of the bipolar plate, the hydrogen flow channel and the air flow channel formed by the membrane electrodes on both sides of the bipolar plate, start from the inlet end of the hydrogen, air and cooling liquid of the stack, and go to the distance from the stack hydrogen. , In the direction far from the air and coolant inlet ends, the cross-sectional areas of the coolant flow channel, hydrogen flow channel and air flow channel gradually increase.
优选地，所述氢气流道设置在双极板的左侧。Preferably, the hydrogen flow channel is arranged on the left side of the bipolar plate.
优选地，所述空气流道设置在双极板的右侧。Preferably, the air flow channel is arranged on the right side of the bipolar plate.
优选地，所述位于边缘的双极板与燃料电池壳壁形成氧气流道和空气流道。Preferably, the bipolar plates at the edge and the wall of the fuel cell shell form oxygen flow channels and air flow channels.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
采用本发明的一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板后，通过采用不同流道截面积的双极板，在燃料电池氢气、空气和冷却液入口处选用流道截面积较小的双极板，在距离燃料电池氢气、空气和冷却液入口处较远处选用流道截面积较大的双极板，均衡了多个双极板流道的流量和压力，减小了对入口处的压力需求，提高了燃料电池的性能和可靠性。After using the flow uniformity bipolar plate for a fuel cell of the present invention, by using bipolar plates with different flow channel cross-sectional areas, bipolar plates with smaller flow channel cross-sectional areas are selected at the hydrogen, air and cooling liquid inlets of the fuel cell. The bipolar plate with a larger cross-sectional area of the flow channel is selected at a distance from the hydrogen, air and coolant inlets of the fuel cell, which balances the flow and pressure of the flow channels of multiple bipolar plates and reduces the impact on the inlet. The pressure demand increases the performance and reliability of fuel cells.
附图说明Description of drawings
图 1为本发明一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板装配后系统示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system after assembly of a flow uniformity bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
图 2为本发明一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板实施例其中一个尺寸下的立体图。Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one dimension of an embodiment of a bipolar plate with flow uniformity for a fuel cell of the present invention.
图 3为本发明一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板另一实施例其中一个尺寸下的立体图。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a bipolar plate with flow uniformity for a fuel cell in one dimension of the present invention.
图 4为本发明一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板流道截面积值计算流程图。FIG. 4 is a flow chart for calculating the cross-sectional area value of the flow channel of a bipolar plate with flow uniformity for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
参见图1-图3，一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板，所述双极板贴合膜电极安装，所述双极板安装后两侧分别与膜电极之间形成氢气流道和空气流道，所述双极板中间设置有冷却液流道，参见图2，本发明一个实施例，双极板中间为中空设计，即冷却液流道为一个完整空腔，中间没有隔板，参见图3，本发明的另一个实施例，双极板中间设置多个通路，即冷却液流道为多个均匀排列的流道；Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a flow uniformity bipolar plate for a fuel cell, the bipolar plate is installed against the membrane electrode, and the two sides of the bipolar plate are installed to form a hydrogen flow channel and a membrane electrode respectively. Air flow channel, a cooling liquid flow channel is arranged in the middle of the bipolar plate, referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the present invention, the middle of the bipolar plate is a hollow design, that is, the cooling liquid flow channel is a complete cavity, and there is no partition in the middle 3, another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of passages are arranged in the middle of the bipolar plate, that is, the cooling liquid flow channel is a plurality of evenly arranged flow channels;
所述双极板中间的冷却液流道截面、双极板两侧与膜电极形成的氢气流道和空气流道，从距离电堆氢气、空气和冷却液入口端开始，向距离电堆氢气、空气和冷却液入口端远处方向，冷却液流道、氢气流道和空气流道截面积逐渐变大。The cross section of the cooling liquid flow channel in the middle of the bipolar plate, the hydrogen flow channel and the air flow channel formed by the membrane electrodes on both sides of the bipolar plate, start from the inlet end of the hydrogen, air and cooling liquid of the stack, and go to the distance from the stack hydrogen. , In the direction far from the air and coolant inlet ends, the cross-sectional areas of the coolant flow channel, hydrogen flow channel and air flow channel gradually increase.
具体实施时，所述氢气流道设置在双极板的左侧。In specific implementation, the hydrogen flow channel is arranged on the left side of the bipolar plate.
具体实施时，所述空气流道设置在双极板的右侧。During specific implementation, the air flow channel is arranged on the right side of the bipolar plate.
具体实施时，所述位于边缘的双极板与燃料电池壳壁形成氧气流道和空气流道。During specific implementation, the bipolar plate located at the edge and the wall of the fuel cell shell form an oxygen flow channel and an air flow channel.
参见图4，是本发明的双极板安装在不同位置时流道截面积计算过程（以冷却液流道为例）：Referring to FIG. 4, it is the calculation process of the cross-sectional area of the flow channel when the bipolar plate of the present invention is installed in different positions (taking the cooling liquid flow channel as an example):
步骤1：抽取燃料电池电堆进出口歧管间冷却液容腔体积（包括电堆内部冷却液容腔体积），定义冷却液属性（密度、比热容、导热率、动力粘度等），定义冷却液边界（入口：速度边界或质量流量边界；出口：压力边界；其余边界：壁面边界）；Step 1: Extract the volume of the cooling liquid cavity between the inlet and outlet manifolds of the fuel cell stack (including the volume of the cooling liquid cavity inside the stack), define the properties of the cooling liquid (density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, etc.), define the cooling liquid Boundaries (Inlet: Velocity Boundary or Mass Flow Boundary; Outlet: Pressure Boundary; Remaining Boundaries: Wall Boundary);
步骤2：核算工况W下歧管冷却液入口速度i或质量流量j，定义冷却液入口速度i或质量流量j开始仿真；Step 2: Calculate the coolant inlet velocity i or mass flow j of the manifold under working conditions, and define the coolant inlet velocity i or mass flow j to start the simulation;
步骤3：根据不同双极板间的冷却液速度或质量流量偏差，若速度偏差小于0.01m/s或质量流量偏差小于0.01g/s，则记录冷却液入口速度i或质量流量j时双极板冷却液流道截面积，同时核算工况W+1下歧管冷却液入口速度i+1或质量流量j+1时冷却液速度或质量流量偏差，若速度偏差大于0.01m/s或质量流量偏差大于0.01g/s，则增大对应双极板冷却液流道截面积（口径）；Step 3: According to the coolant velocity or mass flow deviation between different bipolar plates, if the velocity deviation is less than 0.01m/s or the mass flow deviation is less than 0.01g/s, record the bipolar when the coolant inlet velocity i or mass flow j is The cross-sectional area of the plate coolant flow channel, and at the same time calculate the coolant velocity or mass flow deviation when the manifold coolant inlet velocity i+1 or mass flow j+1 under working condition W+1, if the velocity deviation is greater than 0.01m/s or mass flow If the flow deviation is greater than 0.01g/s, increase the cross-sectional area (diameter) of the corresponding bipolar plate coolant flow channel;
步骤4：依次工况W+n（n取0至冷却液需要的所有工况数量）下歧管冷却液入口速度i+n（n取0至冷却液需求的最大流速）或质量流量j+n（n取0至冷却液需求的最大流速）时冷却液速度或质量流量偏差，重复步骤3，核算冷却液速度偏差和质量流量偏差；Step 4: Manifold coolant inlet velocity i+n (n takes 0 to the maximum flow rate required for coolant) or mass flow j+ When n (n takes 0 to the maximum flow rate of coolant demand), the coolant velocity or mass flow deviation, repeat step 3, and calculate the coolant velocity deviation and mass flow deviation;
步骤5：综合平衡不同工况的流量均一性，获得流量均一性双极板冷却液流道截面积值。Step 5: Comprehensively balance the flow uniformity of different working conditions to obtain the cross-sectional area value of the coolant flow channel of the bipolar plate with flow uniformity.
本发明的一种燃料电池用流量均一性双极板，通过采用不同流道截面积的双极板，在燃料电池氢气、空气和冷却液入口处选用流道截面积较小的双极板，在距离燃料电池氢气、空气和冷却液入口处较远处选用流道截面积较大的双极板，均衡了多个双极板流道的流量和压力，减小了对入口处的压力需求，提高了燃料电池的性能和可靠性。The present invention provides a flow uniformity bipolar plate for a fuel cell. By using bipolar plates with different flow channel cross-sectional areas, a bipolar plate with a smaller flow channel cross-sectional area is selected at the hydrogen, air and cooling liquid inlets of the fuel cell. A bipolar plate with a larger cross-sectional area of the flow channel is selected at a distance from the hydrogen, air and coolant inlets of the fuel cell, which balances the flow and pressure of the flow channels of multiple bipolar plates and reduces the pressure requirement at the inlet. , which improves the performance and reliability of the fuel cell.
虽然上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the claimed protection of the present invention.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN117577871A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-02-20 | 浙江海盐力源环保科技股份有限公司 | Bipolar plate structure of high-performance fuel cell and high-performance fuel cell |
| CN117727991A (en) * | 2024-02-08 | 2024-03-19 | 浙江海盐力源环保科技股份有限公司 | Novel galvanic pile structure |
| GB2628145A (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2024-09-18 | Zeroavia Ltd | Bidirectional (staggered) bipolar plate pattern for fuel cell cooling |
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