CN114780659B - Multi-target space configuration method for water and soil conservation measures in river basin in south red soil hilly area - Google Patents
Multi-target space configuration method for water and soil conservation measures in river basin in south red soil hilly area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A multi-target space configuration method for water and soil conservation measures in a south red soil hilly area utilizes a three-level regional division method to divide land blocks according to the landform characteristics, gradient and land utilization types of the south red soil hilly area; the optimization targets are based on 14 four-level indexes of the ecological service function of the soil and water conservation measures, and an optimization scheme set is formed through soil and water conservation measure effect investigation, scene analysis and a multi-target optimization algorithm; the optimal water and soil conservation measure space configuration scheme is discussed under the condition that a large amount of investment in field engineering and observation is not needed, and the optimal water and soil loss treatment scheme suitable for the local is explored with the minimum investment; the ecological support can be provided for improving the water and soil conservation measures and ecological service functions in the south red soil hilly area, realizing regional economy, ecological coordinated development and river basin landscape pattern optimization, and laying a foundation for promoting rural vibration and regional sustainable development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological construction engineering, in particular to a multi-target space allocation method for water and soil conservation measures in a river basin in a south red soil hilly area.
Background
The method is characterized in that a small river basin of a small ocean village slope of Jiangxi Gan County is taken as a research area, is positioned in and downstream of a first-stage branch Meijiang river basin of one of five rivers of a Poyang lake water system of Ganjiang R, is mainly controlled and influenced by a first-stage branch Mei Jianghe of the Meijiang river basin, has a river basin area of about 0.145 km < 2 >, is formed as a south red soil hilly area, has average precipitation amount of 1550.6 mm for many years, is unevenly distributed in precipitation years, is mainly concentrated in 4-6 months, accounts for about 49.8% of precipitation amount of the whole year, is mostly in the form of heavy rain, and is mainly in the form of hydraulic erosion, and has a annual soil erosion modulus of about 2796t/km 2. A.
The subtropical wet monsoon climate zone at the small river basin has the characteristics of mild climate, sufficient illumination, abundant rainfall, clear four seasons, long frost-free period and the like. The average temperature for many years is 18.9 ℃, the maximum temperature is 38.6 ℃, the minimum temperature is-6.3 ℃, and the average evaporation capacity for many years is 1557.8mm. Land utilization is mainly woodland, grassland, cultivated land and the like, and original vegetation is continuously reduced due to unreasonable harvesting and utilization for a long time. For economic development, original hillside shrubs and woodlands are developed into orchards, mainly planting navel oranges and configuring corresponding water conservation measures.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multi-objective space allocation method for water and soil conservation measures in the river basin in the south red soil hilly area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-target space configuration method for water and soil conservation measures in a river basin in a south red soil hilly area.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
A multi-target space configuration method for water and soil conservation measures in a river basin in a south red soil hilly area comprises the following steps:
S1, dividing land parcels by a three-level region dividing method according to the landform characteristics, gradient and land utilization types of the river basin in the south red soil hilly area;
s2, forming an optimization scheme set by using the water and soil conservation measure effect investigation, the scene analysis and the multi-objective optimization algorithm on the basis of 14 four-level indexes of the water and soil conservation measure ecological service function;
S3, selecting four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems suitable for the river basin in the south red soil hilly area from the optimization scheme set, and setting a rough fruit forest development type measure configuration scene of the river basin in the south red soil hilly area as a benchmark for comparison by comparing the selected four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems, wherein the four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems comprise a water and soil loss regulation type optimization technical system, a landscape pattern optimization technical system, a carbon fixation function improvement type optimization technical system and an economic development type optimization technical system;
S4, setting a rough setting type fruit forest development measure configuration scene of a river basin in a south red soil hilly area as a benchmark, and carrying out main ecological service function evaluation and comparison analysis on the optimized four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems and the rough setting type measure configuration scene;
S5, according to four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems and a result comparison result of the rough release type measure configuration scene, combining the demand targets of local governments and stakeholders, selecting the most suitable water and soil conservation measure multi-target space configuration optimization technical system in the south red soil hilly area;
Wherein, the step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, slope dividing: dividing the small drainage basin according to the slope to obtain a first-stage region division; the type area of the slope comprises at least one of the following: ridges, uphill slopes, mid-slopes, downhill slopes, and valleys;
S12, gradient division: dividing at least one slope type region according to the gradient to obtain a second-level region division; the type area of gradient includes at least one of: flat slopes, gentle slopes and steep slopes;
S13, land utilization type division: dividing the second-level region according to the land utilization type to obtain a third-level region; the land use type area includes at least one of: cultivated land, woodland, grasslands, waters, town land and unutilized land;
The 14 four-level indexes in the step S2 comprise sediment loss rate, soil retention rate, rainy-season runoff regulation rate, dry-season runoff regulation rate, soil fertility index, aquatic habitat index, species richness index, carbon fixation index, forest grass coverage rate, area index, shape index, diversity index, orchard yield and fishery yield.
Preferably, the forming the optimization scheme set by the water and soil conservation measure effect investigation, the scenario analysis and the multi-objective optimization algorithm in the step S2 further includes the following steps: adopting NSGA-III, setting evolution algebra as 100 generations, cross-over 0.95, cross-over 30, station 20, scoring the soil and water conservation measure effect survey and scene analysis, taking 14 four-level indexes as horizontal axes, taking the soil and water conservation measure effect survey and scene analysis as vertical axes, each broken line represents a scheme, each point on the broken line represents the score of the corresponding 14 indexes of the scheme, and finally listing the scheme set.
Preferably, the water and soil loss regulation and control type optimization technical system takes sediment loss rate, water and soil conservation rate, rainy season runoff regulation and control rate and dry season runoff regulation and control rate as optimization targets, and gives consideration to the orchard supply function; the water and soil loss regulation and control type optimization technical system comprises water conservation measures of counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards), sealing and forbidden treatment (forest lands), strip-shaped reserved forests, plant hedges, ecological ditches and pond dams (fish culture), wherein the counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards) take the dominant role, and the sealing and forbidden treatment (forest lands) is performed.
Preferably, the landscape pattern optimization technology system takes the main objective of landscape pattern indexes into consideration, namely sediment loss rate, dry-season runoff regulation rate, rainy-season runoff regulation rate and orchard supply function, and comprises water conservation measures of counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards), sealing and controlling (woodlands), strip-shaped reserved forests, plant hedges + ecological road ditches and pond dams (fish farming), wherein the counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards) measures are dominant, and the plant hedges + ecological road ditches are arranged in the counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards).
Preferably, the carbon fixation function lifting type optimization technical system takes a carbon fixation index as a main target, and gives consideration to sediment loss rate, dry season runoff regulation rate, rain Ji Jingliu regulation rate and orchard supply function, and comprises water conservation measures of counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards), sealing and controlling (woodlands), strip-shaped retaining forests, plant hedges+ecological ditches and pond dams (fish culture), wherein the counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards) measures are dominant, and sealing and controlling (woodlands) and strip-shaped retaining forests are second.
Preferably, the economic development type optimization technology system mainly aims at improving economic targets and takes drainage basin landscapes and water and soil loss prevention and control into consideration, and comprises water conservation measures of counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards), sealing and control (woodlands), banded forests, plant hedges, ecological ditches and pond dams (fish culture). The measures of the counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards) are dominant, and the forests are reserved in the shape of bands.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention initially builds a water and soil conservation measure space configuration rule base suitable for a south red soil hilly area based on water and soil conservation measure effect investigation, scene analysis and a multi-objective optimization algorithm, forms a watershed water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization scheme set, discusses an optimal water and soil conservation measure space configuration scheme under the condition of no need of large input of field observation, and explores a most suitable local water and soil loss treatment scheme with minimum input; the technical system 4 sets of water and soil conservation measures optimization configuration (water and soil loss regulation and control, landscape pattern optimization, carbon fixation function improvement and economic development consideration) are provided for the special subject, so that scientific and technological support can be provided for water and soil conservation measures ecological service function improvement in the south red soil hilly area, regional economy, ecological coordinated development and river field landscape pattern optimization are realized, and foundation is laid for promoting village plain and regional sustainable development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water and soil loss regulation configuration technology system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a landscape architecture optimization configuration technology system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a configuration system for enhancing carbon sequestration functionality in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an economical development compatible configuration technology system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit the present invention thereto.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
A multi-target space configuration method for water and soil conservation measures in a river basin in a south red soil hilly area comprises the following steps:
S1, dividing land by using a three-level region dividing method according to the landform characteristics, gradient and land utilization type of a river basin in a south red soil hilly area;
s2, forming an optimization scheme set by using the water and soil conservation measure effect investigation, the scene analysis and the multi-objective optimization algorithm on the basis of 14 four-level indexes of the water and soil conservation measure ecological service function;
s3, selecting four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems suitable for the river basin in the south red soil hilly area from the optimization scheme set, and setting a rough fruit forest development type measure configuration scene of the river basin in the south red soil hilly area as a benchmark for comparison by comparing the selected four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems, wherein the four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems comprise a water and soil loss regulation type optimization technical system, a landscape pattern optimization technical system, a carbon fixation function improvement type optimization technical system and an economic development type optimization technical system;
S4, configuring an optimized technical system for the four optimized water and soil conservation measures and configuring scenes for the extensive release measures, and performing evaluation and comparison analysis on main ecological service functions of the water and soil conservation measures;
S5, according to four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems and a result comparison result of the rough release type measure configuration scene, combining the demand targets of local governments and stakeholders, selecting the most suitable water and soil conservation measure multi-target space configuration optimization technical system in the south red soil hilly area; as shown in fig. 1:
Wherein, the step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, slope dividing: dividing the small drainage basin according to the slope to obtain a first-stage region division; the type area of the slope comprises at least one of the following: ridges, uphill slopes, mid-slopes, downhill slopes, and valleys;
S12, gradient division: dividing at least one slope type region according to the gradient to obtain a second-level region division; the type area of gradient includes at least one of: flat slopes, gentle slopes and steep slopes;
S13, land utilization type division: dividing the second-level region according to the land utilization type to obtain a third-level region; the land use type area includes at least one of: cultivated land, woodland, grasslands, waters, town land and unutilized land;
The 14 four-level indexes in the step S2 comprise sediment loss rate, water and soil conservation rate, rainy season runoff regulation rate, dry season runoff regulation rate, soil fertility index, aquatic habitat index, species richness index, carbon fixation index, forest grass coverage rate, area index, shape index, diversity index, orchard yield and fishery yield.
Preferably, the forming the optimization scheme set by the water and soil conservation measure effect investigation, the scenario analysis and the multi-objective optimization algorithm in the step S2 further includes the following steps: adopting NSGA-III, setting the evolution algebra as 100 generations, setting the cross-over rate as 0.95, the cross-over rate as 30% and the mutation rate as 20%, automatically generating different space configuration scenes of the soil and water conservation measures on the basis of investigation on the effect of the soil and water conservation measures, namely, a configuration scheme, and grading the generated space configuration scenes of the different soil and water conservation measures on the basis of 14 indexes. And taking 14 four-level indexes as horizontal axes and taking scores of water and soil conservation measure effect investigation and scene analysis as vertical axes, wherein each broken line represents a scheme, and each point on the broken line represents the score of each index in the 14 indexes corresponding to the scheme, so that a water and soil conservation measure space configuration optimization scheme set of a river basin in a south red soil hilly area is formed.
As shown in fig. 2, the water and soil loss regulation and control type optimization technical system takes sediment loss rate, water and soil conservation rate, rainy season runoff regulation and control rate and dry season runoff regulation and control rate as optimization targets, and gives consideration to the orchard supply function; the water and soil loss regulation and control type optimization technical system comprises water conservation measures of counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards), sealing and forbidden treatment (forest lands), strip-shaped reserved forests, plant hedges, ecological ditches and pond dams (fish culture), wherein the counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards) take the dominant role, and the sealing and forbidden treatment (forest lands) is performed.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the landscape architecture optimization technology system takes the main objective of landscape architecture indexes into consideration, namely sediment loss rate, dry runoff regulation rate, rainy runoff regulation rate and orchard supply function, and comprises water conservation measures of counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards), sealing and controlling (woodlands), strip-shaped reserved forests, plant hedges+ecological ditches and pond dams (fish culture), wherein the counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards) measures are dominant, and the plant hedges+ecological ditches are the next.
As shown in fig. 4, the carbon fixation function lifting optimization technical system takes carbon fixation index as a main target, and gives consideration to sediment loss rate, dry run-off regulation rate, rain Ji Jingliu regulation rate and orchard supply function, and comprises water conservation measures of counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards), sealing and control (woodlands), banded reserved forests, hedge+ecological road furrows and pond dams (fish culture), wherein the counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards) measures take the dominant role, and sealing and control (woodlands) and banded reserved forests are the next step.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the economic development type optimization technology system mainly promotes economic targets and takes drainage basin landscapes and water and soil loss prevention and control into consideration, and the economic development type optimization technology system comprises water conservation measures of counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards), sealing control (woodlands), strip-shaped reserved forests, hedges+ecological ditches and pond dams (fish culture). The measures of the counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards) are dominant, and the forests are reserved in the shape of bands.
According to the characteristics of the land feature, the gradient and the land utilization type of the low hilly areas in the south, the three-level region dividing method is provided by the research. The topographical features are described in terms of a grade type, the grade type region including at least one of: ridges, uphill slopes, mid-slopes, downhill slopes, and valleys; the grade type region includes at least one of: flat slopes, gentle slopes and steep slopes; the land use type area includes at least one of: ploughing; a woodland; grasslands; water area; urban land; the land is not utilized. The dividing steps are as follows: first, the slope is divided: dividing the small drainage basin according to the slope to obtain a first-stage region division; secondly, gradient division: dividing at least one slope type region according to the gradient to obtain a second-level region division; finally, land utilization type division: and dividing the second-level region according to the land utilization type to obtain a third-level region. According to the three-level regional division method, the combined type of slope position-gradient-land utilization of regional division is researched, 34 plots and 19 combined types are combined, based on the combined type, the optimization target is based on 14 four-level indexes of the ecological service function of the soil and water conservation measures (table 1), namely, sediment loss rate, soil conservation rate, rainy runoff regulation rate, dry runoff regulation rate, soil fertility index, aquatic habitat index, species richness index, carbon fixation index, forest coverage rate, area index, shape index, diversity index, orchard yield and fishery yield, and four optimization technical systems suitable for the soil and water conservation measures of southern red hilly areas are selected through waterside comprehensive model simulation, scene analysis and multi-objective optimization algorithm (in NSGA-III, algebraic evolution is set to be 100 generations, cross-server. Rate is 0.95, cross-server. Eta is 30%, and mutation. Eta is 20%), an optimization scheme set is formed, and four optimization technical systems suitable for the soil and water conservation measures of southern red hilly areas are selected, and the optimization technical systems comprise: water and soil loss regulation type optimization technical system, landscape pattern optimization technical system, carbon fixation function lifting type optimization technical system and economic development type optimization technical system.
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In order to compare the four selected water and soil conservation measures configuration optimization technical systems, the study sets a rough fruit forest development measure configuration scene in a south red soil hilly area as a reference for comparison. Under the situation of the rough spreading measure configuration, the area of a horizontal terraced field (hillside orchard) is 186.95 mu, 85.91% of the total area of a small watershed is occupied, and cultivated land and water area respectively occupy 7.91% and 6.18%.
And carrying out evaluation (table 1) and comparison analysis on the main ecological service functions of the water and soil conservation measures for the optimized four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems and the rough release type measure configuration scenes. The sediment loss rate, the soil and water conservation rate, the runoff regulation rate in rainy seasons and the runoff regulation rate in dry seasons are taken as optimization targets, the supply function of an orchard is considered, and a soil and water loss regulation type optimization technical system is formed: comprises 5 different water conservation measures such as counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards), sealing and forbidden treatment (woodlands), strip-shaped forests, plant hedges, ecological ditches, pond dams (fish culture) and the like. Counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards) take the dominant role and account for 65.3% of the total area, and are mainly distributed on gentle slope-up slope-woodlands, gentle slope-middle slope-woodlands. And secondly, sealing and forbidden treatment measures, which account for 11.6% of the total area, are mainly distributed on the ridge-woodland. Furthermore, the strip-shaped forestation measures account for 9.0% of the total area, mainly distributed on steep slopes-downhill-unused areas. Hedge + ecological ditch, accounting for 7.9% of the total area, is mainly distributed in valley-flat land-cultivated land. The pond dams (for fish culture) account for 6.2% of the total area and are mainly distributed in valley-gentle slope-cultivated land. And evaluating the main ecological service functions of the water and soil conservation measures of the technical system. Therefore, after the water and soil loss regulation type optimization technical system is implemented in the research area, compared with the situation of rough release type measure configuration, the four-level index lifting rate of water and soil loss regulation reaches more than 80 percent (except the runoff regulation rate in the rainy season), and slope drainage engineering is increased and perfected, so that the runoff regulation rate in the rainy season is improved. The improvement rate of four-level indexes of soil fertility indexes reaches 60%, the improvement rate of four-level index aquatic habitat indexes of biological diversity is maintained to reach 60%, the improvement rate of index indexes of species richness reaches 33.3%, the improvement rate of carbon fixation indexes reaches 14.3%, the improvement rate of coverage rate of forest grass reaches 6.3%, the improvement rate of area index of four-level indexes of a watershed landscape pattern reaches 269.6%, the improvement rate of shape indexes reaches 321.1%, the improvement rate of diversity indexes reaches 433.3%, and the yield of an orchard is reduced by 10%. The three-level index of the water and soil loss regulation rate is 108.9 percent of sediment retention lifting rate, the regulation runoff lifting rate is 77.1 percent, the soil fertility improvement lifting rate is 60 percent, the biological diversity maintenance lifting rate is 46.7 percent, the carbon fixation capacity lifting rate is 14.3 percent, the ecological system maintenance function lifting rate is 6.7 percent, and the landscape pattern lifting rate is 331.6 percent; the second-level index adjusting function lifting rate is 91.5%, the supporting function lifting rate is 20.6%, the cultural function lifting rate is 331.6%, the supply function lifting rate is-7.5%, and the ecological service function first-level index lifting rate is 50.9%. After the water and soil loss regulation type optimization technical system, the moderate erosion area accounts for 0.31% of the area of the research area, the slight erosion area accounts for 8.45% of the area of the research area, the slight erosion area accounts for 91.23% of the area of the research area, the average carbon density is 2.15 t/km2 within the allowable loss range, and the maximum carbon density can reach 3.41 t/km2. After the water and soil loss regulation type optimization technical system is implemented, the area of an orchard is 142.1 mu, the economic input and output benefit analysis predicts that the highest income of the next 10 years reaches 327.97 ten thousand yuan, and the accumulated income can reach 1519.35 ten thousand yuan (the ecological income after the water and soil loss regulation and improvement is not considered).
The main objective of the landscape pattern index is to take account of sediment loss rate, dry season runoff regulation rate, rain Ji Jingliu regulation rate and orchard supply function, so that a river basin landscape pattern lifting type optimization technical system is formed, and the technical system comprises 5 different water conservation measures such as counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards), sealing and control (woodlands), strip-shaped reserved forests, plant hedges, ecological ditches, pond dams (fish culture) and the like. When the view pattern is taken as a main target, the original landform and ecological view are kept, so that measures of a counter-slope terrace (hillside orchard) are dominant, and the counter-slope terrace (hillside orchard) accounts for 59.7% of the total area and is mainly distributed on a gentle slope-up slope-woodland and a gentle slope-middle slope-woodland; secondly, the hedge and ecological road and ditch measures account for 13.2 percent of the total area and are mainly distributed on valley-flat land-cultivated land, gentle slope-downhill land-cultivated land. In addition, the measure of forbidden treatment (woodland) occupies about 11.9% of the total area, and is mainly distributed on the ridge-woodland; the strip-shaped forestation measures account for 9.0% of the total area and are mainly distributed on steep slopes, downhill slopes and unused lands. And evaluating the main ecological service functions of the water and soil conservation measures of the technical system. Therefore, after the landscape pattern lifting type optimization technical system is implemented in the research area, compared with the rough release type measure configuration scene, the four-level index lifting rate of water and soil loss regulation reaches more than 60 percent (except the dry season runoff regulation rate), and slope water storage engineering is increased and perfected, so that the dry season runoff regulation rate is improved. The improvement rate of four-level indexes of soil fertility indexes reaches 60%, the improvement rate of four-level index aquatic habitat indexes of biological diversity is maintained to 33.3%, the improvement rate of index indexes of species richness reaches 82.2%, the improvement rate of carbon fixation indexes reaches 14.3%, the improvement rate of coverage rate of forests and grasses reaches 16.5%, the improvement rate of area indexes of four-level indexes of drainage basin landscape patterns reaches 299.9%, the improvement rate of shape indexes reaches 393.2%, the improvement rate of diversity indexes reaches 509.2%, and the yield of orchards is reduced by 15%. The three-level index of the soil erosion regulation rate is 100.0 percent of sediment retention lifting rate, the regulation runoff lifting rate is 39.6 percent, the soil fertility improvement lifting rate is 67.3 percent, the biodiversity maintenance lifting rate is 46.7 percent, the carbon fixation capacity lifting rate is 35.7 percent, the ecological system function maintenance lifting rate is 53.3 percent, and the landscape pattern lifting rate is 384.2 percent; the second-level index adjusting function lifting rate is 72.3%, the supporting function lifting rate is 33.3%, the cultural function lifting rate is 384.2%, the supply function lifting rate is-10.8%, and the first-level index lifting rate of the ecological service function is 52.7%. After the river basin landscape pattern lifting optimization technical system is implemented, the moderate erosion area accounts for 0.7% of the area of the research area, the slight erosion area accounts for 7.84% of the area of the research area, the slight erosion area accounts for 91.46% of the area of the research area, the average carbon density is 2.34 t/km2 within the allowable loss range, and the maximum carbon density can reach 3.41 t/km2. After the landscape pattern lifting type optimization technical system is implemented, the area of an orchard is 129.9 mu, the expected income of 10 years in the future can reach 299.84 ten thousand yuan, and the accumulated income can reach 1389.05 ten thousand yuan (the income of the orchard is not considered for the ecological income after the landscape pattern is changed).
Taking the carbon fixation index as a main target, taking the sediment loss rate, the dry season runoff regulation rate, the rain Ji Jingliu regulation rate and the orchard supply function into consideration, and forming a carbon fixation function lifting type optimization technical system, wherein the technical system comprises 5 different water conservation measures such as counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards), sealing and control (woodlands), strip-shaped reserved forests, plant hedges, ecological ditches, pond dams (fish culture) and the like. Because of higher carbon fixation capacity of the forest land, when carbon fixation is taken as a main target, the sum of the sealing control measures and the strip-shaped forest remaining measures accounts for about 33.2 percent of the total area, and the sealing control measures and the strip-shaped forest remaining measures are mainly distributed on the ridge-forest land and the steep slope-downhill slope-unused land. Counter-slope terraces (hillside orchards) account for 52.7% of the total area and are mainly distributed on gentle slope-up slope-woodlands, gentle slope-middle slope-woodlands and the like. In addition, the hedge and ecological ditch occupy 7.9% of the total area, and are mainly distributed in valley-flat land-cultivated land. The pond dams (for fish culture) account for 6.2% of the total area and are mainly distributed in valley-gentle slope-cultivated land. The evaluation of the main ecological service functions of the water and soil conservation measures of the technical system shows that after the carbon fixation function lifting type optimization technical system is implemented in a research area, compared with the situation of the configuration of the rough release type measures, the four-level index lifting rate of water and soil loss regulation reaches more than 60% (except the dry season runoff regulation rate), and slope water storage engineering is increased and perfected, so that the dry season runoff regulation rate is improved. The improvement rate of four-level indexes of soil fertility indexes reaches 61.0%, the improvement rate of four-level index aquatic habitat indexes of biological diversity is maintained to reach 9.1%, the improvement rate of index indexes of species richness reaches 14.4%, the improvement rate of carbon fixation indexes reaches 42.9%, the improvement rate of coverage rate of forests and grasses reaches 14.5%, the improvement rate of area indexes of four-level indexes of a watershed landscape pattern reaches 282.4%, the improvement rate of shape indexes reaches 368.5%, the improvement rate of diversity indexes reaches 470.1%, and the yield of an orchard is reduced by 20%. The three-level index of the soil erosion regulation rate is 91.1 percent of sediment retention lifting rate, the regulation runoff lifting rate is 27.1 percent, the soil fertility improvement lifting rate is 61.8 percent, the biological diversity maintenance lifting rate is 11.1 percent, the carbon fixation capacity lifting rate is 42.9 percent, the ecological system maintenance function lifting rate is 15.0 percent, and the landscape pattern lifting rate is 357.9 percent; the second-level index adjusting function lifting rate is 61.7%, the supporting function lifting rate is 23.8%, the cultural function lifting rate is 357.9%, the supply function lifting rate is-15.1%, and the ecological service function first-level index lifting rate is 45.5%. After the carbon fixation function improvement type optimization technical system is implemented, the moderate erosion area accounts for 1.39% of the area of the research area, the slight erosion area accounts for 11.48% of the area of the research area, the slight erosion area accounts for 87.13% of the area of the research area, the average carbon density is 2.39 t/km2 within the allowable loss amount range, and the maximum carbon density can reach 3.41 t/km 2. After the carbon fixation function improvement type optimization technical system is implemented, the orchard area is 119.7 mu, the expected income of the next 10 years can reach 2.31 ten thousand yuan/mu, and the accumulated income can reach 1279.70 ten thousand yuan (the ecological income after the carbon fixation function improvement is not considered).
Mainly promotes economic targets, takes account of watershed landscapes and water and soil loss prevention and control, and forms an economic development type optimization technical system, wherein the technical system comprises 5 different water conservation measures such as counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards), sealing and forbidden treatment (woodlands), strip-shaped forests, plant hedges, ecological ditches, pond dams (fish culture) and the like. The fruit product is mainly increased to be a main target counter-slope terraced fields (hillside orchards) and occupies 71.6 percent of the total area, and the fruit product is mainly distributed on gentle slope-up slope-woodland and gentle slope-middle slope-woodland. And secondly, sealing and controlling, wherein the sealing and controlling occupy 5.3% of the total area, and the sealing and controlling agent is mainly distributed on the ridge-woodland. Furthermore, the strip-shaped forestation measures account for 9.0% of the total area, mainly distributed on steep slopes-downhill-unused areas. The hedge and ecological ditch measures occupy 7.9% of the total area and are mainly distributed in valley-flat land-cultivated land. By evaluating the main ecological service functions of the water and soil conservation measures of the technical system, after the economic development type optimization technical system is implemented in a research area, compared with the configuration scene of the rough release type measures, the four-level index sediment loss rate of water and soil loss regulation reaches 58.8%, the water and soil conservation rate reaches 27.0%, the runoff regulation and promotion rate in rainy seasons reaches 6.9%, and the runoff regulation and promotion rate in dry seasons reaches 68.6%. The improvement rate of four-level indexes of soil fertility indexes reaches 21.8%, the improvement rate of four-level index aquatic habitat indexes of biological diversity is maintained to 67.0%, the improvement rate of index indexes of species richness reaches 44.6%, the improvement rate of carbon fixation indexes reaches 14.3%, the improvement rate of coverage rate of forests and grasses reaches 38.0%, the improvement rate of area index of four-level indexes of a watershed landscape pattern reaches 183.0%, the improvement rate of shape indexes reaches 264.3%, the improvement rate of diversity indexes reaches 470.1%, and the yield of an orchard is reduced by 20%. The three-level index of the soil erosion regulation rate is 42.2 percent of sediment retention lifting rate, the regulation runoff lifting rate is 45.8 percent, the soil fertility improvement lifting rate is 57.8 percent, the biodiversity maintenance lifting rate is 57.8 percent, the carbon fixation capacity lifting rate is 14.3 percent, the ecological system function maintenance lifting rate is 3.8 percent, and the landscape pattern lifting rate is 236.8 percent; the second-level index adjusting function lifting rate is 42.6%, the supporting function lifting rate is 22.2%, the cultural function lifting rate is 236.8%, the supply function lifting rate is-4.3%, and the ecological service function first-level index lifting rate is 34.5%. The strong erosion area accounts for 0.24% of the area of the research area, the moderate erosion area accounts for 1.78% of the area of the research area, the slight erosion area accounts for 12.44% of the area of the research area, the slight erosion area accounts for 85.55% of the area of the research area, the average carbon density is 2.15 t/km 2 within the allowable loss range, and the maximum carbon density can reach 3.41 t/km 2. After the economic development type optimization technical system is implemented, the orchard area is 155.8 mu, the highest income of 10 years in the future is estimated to reach 359.61 ten thousand yuan, and the accumulated income can reach 1665.93 ten thousand yuan (orchard income).
The four optimization technical system ecological service function comparison tables (table 2) of water and soil loss regulation type, landscape pattern improvement type, carbon fixation function improvement type, economic development type and the like (the rough release type measure configuration scene is used as a comparison) show that the sequence of the four-level index sediment loss rate improvement rate and the water and soil conservation rate improvement rate of the water and soil loss regulation of each optimization technical system is water and soil loss regulation type > landscape pattern improvement type > carbon fixation function improvement type > economic development type; the runoff regulation and control lifting rate sequence in the rainy season is landscape pattern lifting type > carbon fixation function lifting type > water and soil loss regulation type > economic development type; the runoff regulation and control lifting rate sequence in dry seasons is water and soil loss regulation and control type > economic development type > landscape pattern lifting type > carbon fixation function lifting type; the soil fertility index lifting rate sequence is landscape pattern lifting type > carbon fixing function lifting type > water and soil loss regulation type > economic development type; maintaining the four-level index aquatic habitat index lifting rate sequence of biodiversity as economic development type > water and soil loss regulation type > landscape pattern lifting type > carbon fixation function lifting type; the index improvement sequence of the species richness index is landscape pattern improvement type > economic development type > soil erosion regulation type > carbon fixation function improvement type; the carbon fixation index increasing rate sequence is that the carbon fixation function is increased > landscape pattern is increased > soil erosion regulation type = economic development type; the forest grass coverage rate improving rate sequence is landscape pattern improving type > carbon fixing function improving type > water and soil loss regulating type > economic development type; the sequence of the area index improvement rate, the shape index improvement rate and the diversity index improvement rate of the four-level index of the watershed landscape pattern is landscape pattern improvement type > carbon fixation function improvement type > soil erosion regulation type > economic development type; the orchard yield sequence sequentially comprises economic development type water and soil loss regulation type landscape pattern lifting type carbon fixation function lifting type water and soil loss regulation type landscape pattern lifting type carbon fixation function; the three-level index sediment retention lifting rate sequence of the water and soil loss regulation rate is water and soil loss regulation type > landscape pattern lifting type > carbon fixation function lifting type > economic development type; the runoff lifting rate is regulated to be water and soil loss regulation type > landscape pattern lifting type > economic development type > carbon fixation function lifting type sequentially; improving soil fertility elevation rate landscape pattern elevation type > carbon fixation function elevation type > soil erosion regulation type > economic development type; maintaining the biodiversity sequence as economic development type > landscape elevation type > soil erosion regulation type > carbon fixation function elevation type; the carbon fixation capacity improving sequence is carbon fixation function improving type > landscape pattern improving type > soil erosion regulation type = economic development type; the ecological service function maintaining sequence is landscape pattern lifting type > carbon fixing function lifting type > soil erosion regulation type > economic development type; the second-level index adjusting function improving sequence is water and soil loss adjusting and controlling type > landscape pattern improving type > carbon fixing function improving type > economic development type; the support function lifting sequence is landscape pattern lifting type, carbon fixation function lifting type, economic development type and soil erosion regulation type; the cultural function improving sequence is landscape pattern improving type > carbon fixing function improving type > soil erosion regulating type > economic development type; the supply function lifting sequence is economic development type water and soil loss regulation type landscape pattern lifting type carbon fixing function lifting type.
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In addition, the specific embodiments described in the present specification may differ in terms of parts, shapes of components, names, and the like. All equivalent or simple changes of the structure, characteristics and principle according to the inventive concept are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions in a similar manner without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (2)
1. A multi-target space configuration method for water and soil conservation measures in a river basin in a south red soil hilly area is characterized in that an optimal space configuration scheme for the water and soil conservation measures is discussed under the condition that a large amount of investment in field engineering and observation is not needed, and the most suitable local water and soil loss treatment scheme is explored with the least investment, and the method comprises the following steps:
S1, dividing land parcels by a three-level region dividing method according to the landform characteristics, gradient and land utilization types of the river basin in the south red soil hilly area;
s2, forming an optimization scheme set by using the water and soil conservation measure effect investigation, the scene analysis and the multi-objective optimization algorithm on the basis of 14 four-level indexes of the water and soil conservation measure ecological service function;
S3, selecting four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems suitable for the river basin in the south red soil hilly area from the optimization scheme set, and setting a rough fruit forest development type measure configuration scene of the river basin in the south red soil hilly area as a benchmark for comparison by comparing the selected four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems, wherein the four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems comprise a water and soil loss regulation type optimization technical system, a landscape pattern optimization technical system, a carbon fixation function improvement type optimization technical system and an economic development type optimization technical system;
S4, setting a rough setting type fruit forest development measure configuration scene of a river basin in a south red soil hilly area as a benchmark, and carrying out main ecological service function evaluation and comparison analysis on the optimized four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems and the rough setting type measure configuration scene;
S5, according to four water and soil conservation measure configuration optimization technical systems and a result comparison result of the rough release type measure configuration scene, combining the demand targets of local governments and stakeholders, selecting the most suitable water and soil conservation measure multi-target space configuration optimization technical system in the south red soil hilly area;
Wherein, the step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, slope dividing: dividing the small drainage basin according to the slope to obtain a first-stage region division; the type area of the slope comprises at least one of the following: ridges, uphill slopes, mid-slopes, downhill slopes, and valleys;
S12, gradient division: dividing at least one slope type region according to the gradient to obtain a second-level region division; the type area of gradient includes at least one of: flat slopes, gentle slopes and steep slopes;
S13, land utilization type division: dividing the second-level region according to the land utilization type to obtain a third-level region; the land use type area includes at least one of: cultivated land, woodland, grasslands, waters, town land and unutilized land;
The 14 four-level indexes in the step S2 comprise sediment loss rate, soil retention rate, rainy-season runoff regulation rate, dry-season runoff regulation rate, soil fertility index, aquatic habitat index, species richness index, carbon fixation index, forest grass coverage rate, area index, shape index, diversity index, fishery yield and orchard yield;
The water and soil loss regulation and control type optimization technical system takes sediment loss rate, water and soil conservation rate, rainy season runoff regulation and control rate and dry season runoff regulation and control rate as optimization targets, and gives consideration to the orchard supply function; the water and soil loss regulation and control type optimization technical system comprises water retention measures of counter-slope terraces, sealing inhibition treatment, banded forests, hedges and ecological ditches and dams, the counter-slope terraces mainly take account of the position, the sealing inhibition treatment is carried out secondarily, the landscape pattern optimization technical system takes account of the main objective of the landscape pattern indexes, the sediment loss rate, the dry season runoff regulation rate, the rainy season runoff regulation rate and the orchard supply function, the landscape pattern optimization technical system comprises water retention measures of the counter-slope terraces, sealing inhibition treatment, banded forests, hedges and ecological ditches and dams, the counter-slope terraces mainly take account of the position, the hedges and ecological ditches are secondarily fed with the water retention measures, the carbon fixation function lifting type optimization technical system takes account of the carbon fixation indexes as the main objective, the sediment loss rate, the dry season runoff regulation rate, the rain Ji Jingliu regulation rate and the orchard supply function, the carbon fixation function lifting type optimization technical system comprises counter-slope terraces, sealing inhibition treatment, banded forests and water retention measures, the water retention measures of the endgrounds and dams, the counter-slope terraces mainly take account of the water retention measures, the counter-slope terraces and the sealing inhibition treatment, the ecological ditches and the water retention measures take account of the water retention measures, the counter-slope terraces mainly take account of the carbon index, the water retention measures mainly take account of the water retention measures, the counter-slope measures and the water retention measures, the counter-slope protection measures mainly takes the counter-slope measures, the water retention measures and the water retention measures are mainly taken by the water and the water retention measures, and the water retention measures are mainly taken by the water and the water retention measures.
2. The method for multi-objective spatial configuration of water and soil conservation measures in a river basin in a south red soil hilly area according to claim 1, wherein the step of forming an optimization scheme set by water and soil conservation measure effect investigation, scene analysis and multi-objective optimization algorithm in the step S2 further comprises the following steps: and setting an evolution algebra as 100 generations, a cross server.rate as 0.95 crossover.eta and a mutation.eta as 20%, scoring the water and soil conservation measure space configuration scene based on the investigation of the water and soil conservation measure effect, taking 14 four-level indexes as transverse axes, taking the score of the water and soil conservation measure space configuration scene as a vertical axis, wherein each broken line represents a scheme, and each point on the broken line represents the score of each index in the 14 indexes corresponding to the scheme, so that a water and soil conservation measure space configuration optimization scheme set in the southern red soil hilly area is formed.
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