CN114778801A - Three-dimensional expansive force testing device and method for rock and soil mass - Google Patents
Three-dimensional expansive force testing device and method for rock and soil mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN114778801A CN114778801A CN202210516033.6A CN202210516033A CN114778801A CN 114778801 A CN114778801 A CN 114778801A CN 202210516033 A CN202210516033 A CN 202210516033A CN 114778801 A CN114778801 A CN 114778801A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel three-dimensional expansive force testing device for expansive soil (rock), which is particularly suitable for testing the expansive force of massive rock and soil bodies. The sample preparation device comprises four parts, namely a bracket system, a water collecting tank, an internal device and a sample preparation device, wherein the bracket system comprises a first part of bracket system; the stent system mainly comprises: support base, reaction beam, hob, rotatory handrail, rotary disk, pressure gauge are constituteed. The counter-force beam comprises two upright post boxes and a connecting beam; the center of the connecting beam is provided with an opening for the penetration of a screw rod; the second part is a water collecting tank; the inner diameter of the water collecting tank is cubic; a third portion of internal devices; the internal device includes: the test sample box comprises a permeable cover plate, a test sample box, a pressure box, a permeable stone and a test sample box base. The test object of the test device adopts cube expansive soil or expansive rock, the structural form of the cube ensures that the expansive force of the soil body is even, the expansive force of the reaction soil can be more real, and the actual engineering is more approached.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel three-dimensional expansive force testing device for expansive soil (rock), which is particularly suitable for testing the expansive force of a massive rock-soil body.
Background
The expansive soil in China has a wide distribution range, has the characteristics of water absorption expansion and water loss contraction cracking, and can generate expansive force load if encountering unfavorable geology such as expansive soil (rock) and the like in the large-scale construction process, so that the problems of structure cracking, uneven settlement and inclination of buildings and the like are easily caused, and the accurate and multi-directional measurement of the expansive force is very important.
The expansion force refers to the expansion pressure generated under the condition that the volume is not changed in the water adding process, the traditional test methods comprise a balance pressurization method, an expansion counter-pressure method and a pressurization expansion method, and the traditional test methods can only test the expansion force of a small sample and can only test in a single vertical direction; in order to overcome the defect, a novel expansion force testing device is invented, which can simultaneously measure X, Y, Z expansion forces in three directions and can test a sample with larger volume to be more close to the practical engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the three-dimensional expansion force of a rock-soil body.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-dimensional expansive force testing device of rock-soil mass mainly comprises: the sample preparation device comprises four parts, namely a bracket system, a water collecting tank, an internal device and a sample preparation device, wherein the bracket system comprises a first part of bracket system; the stent system mainly comprises: the support comprises a support base, a reaction beam, a spiral rod, a rotary handrail, a rotary disk and a pressure gauge, wherein the size of the support base is 300mmx300mmx10 mm; the reaction beam comprises two upright post boxes and a connecting beam, and the upright posts are cylinders with the diameters of 20mm and the heights of 400 mm; the length, width and height of the connecting beam are 240mmx20mmx10mm respectively, and the diameter of the central opening is 10mm, so that a screw rod can penetrate through the connecting beam; the diameter of the screw rod is 10mm, and the length of the screw rod is 20 mm; the diameter of the rotary armrest is 10mm, and the height of the rotary armrest is 15 mm; the diameter of the rotating disc is 80mm, and the thickness of the rotating disc is 5 mm; the second part is a water collecting tank; the inner diameter of the water collecting tank is 200mmx200mmx200mm cube, and the wall thickness is 2 mm; a third part internal device; the internal device includes: the device comprises a permeable cover plate, a sample box, a pressure box, a permeable stone and a sample box base; the water-permeable cover plate comprises a top cap of a top plate box, the size of the top plate is 149mmx149mmx10mm cubes, uniform circular holes with equal intervals are formed in the plate, the diameter of each hole is 2mm, and the intervals are 10mm, so that water can permeate into the soil-filled sample box to soak rock and soil mass; the center of the water permeable cover plate is provided with a cylindrical top cap with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 20 mm; the inner diameter of the sample box is 150mmx150mmx170mm, the wall thickness is 10mm, the peripheral walls are uniformly provided with circular holes at equal intervals, the diameter of each hole is 2mm, and the interval is 10 mm; reserving a pressure groove in the center of each of the front arm and the side wall so as to place a pressure box in the pressure groove and measure the lateral expansion force of the rock-soil body; the pressure sensor is embedded in the inner wall, the diameter of the pressure sensor is 10mm, the depth of the pressure sensor is 5mm, and the diameter of an opening at the central position of the pressure groove is 4mm so that a lead can penetrate out; the dimension of the permeable stone is 150mmx150mmx10mm cubic blocks; the size of a base of the sample box is 190mmx190mmx20mm, an open slot is respectively arranged on the periphery of the part with the bottom 10mm high, the size of the open slot is 20mmx30mmx10mm, and the open slot is arranged to enable water to slowly and uniformly enter the sample box to wet rock and soil mass; the upper 10mm height is in a frame form, the outer part is 190mmx190mmx10mm, and the inner part is 170mmx170mmx10 mm; the fourth part is a sample preparation device; the sample preparation device also comprises a sample preparation box and a pusher; the inner diameter of the sample preparation box is 150mmx150mmx150mm, the wall thickness of the periphery is 10mm, the upper end and the lower end are opened, the left side and the right side are respectively provided with a handrail of the sample preparation box, the handrail is a semicircular column, the height of the half beam is 10mm, the design of the handrail is convenient for moving the sample preparation box, and a sample is pushed into the experimental sample box; the ejector comprises a bottom plate, a thrust rod and an ejecting disc, wherein the size of the bottom plate is 149mmx149mmx10mm, and is smaller than the inner diameter of the sample preparation box by 1 mm; the thrust rod is a cylinder with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 160 mm; the ejecting disc is a circular ring with the outer diameter of 80mm and the inner diameter of 70mm, and is connected to the thrust rod through 4 cylinders with the diameter of 10mm to form a complete ejector.
A three-dimensional expansive force testing device of rock and soil mass is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing 2 pressure cell sensors in two pressure grooves reserved in two directions of a soil filling groove X, Y, and leading out the pressure cell sensors from the grooves so as to detect the expansion pressure in the following process;
secondly, placing a sample box base in the water collecting tank, wherein the sample box base is positioned at the center of the interior of the water collecting tank; placing the sample box of the pressure box on the sample box base;
thirdly, putting a permeable stone in the sample box, and putting experimental filter paper on the permeable stone;
fourthly, sample preparation operation is carried out, a layer of vaseline is coated inside the sample preparation box, and therefore a sample can be pushed out later; filling rock-soil mass with preset parameters in the sample preparation box, and scraping the redundant upper part by using a soil trimming knife;
fifthly, the bottom of the sample preparation box is aligned with the top of the sample box, then a bottom plate of a pusher is aligned with the top of the sample and is pushed out into the sample box with force, and a piece of filter paper is placed at the upper end of the sample and covered with a permeable cover plate as shown in figure 8;
sixthly, placing the whole device at the center of the support system, installing a pressure sensor on the screw rod, and manually rotating the handrail to ensure that the bottom of the screw rod is just contacted with the top cap of the water-permeable cover plate, so as to fix the position of the screw rod;
and seventhly, adding pure water into the water collecting tank to a position 5mm above the water-permeable cover plate, and observing and recording the expansion pressure change in X, Y, Z three directions.
The test object of the test device adopts cube expansive soil or expansive rock, the structural form of the cube ensures that the expansive force of the soil body is even, the expansive force of the reaction soil can be more real, and the actual engineering is more approached. The soil sample or rock sample to be measured is placed in the water immersion process, and the pressure sensors in the X, Y direction and the axial direction can directly and accurately measure the three-dimensional expansive force of the expansive soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a three-dimensional expansion force testing device;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a three-dimensional expansion force testing device;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a three-dimensional expansion force testing apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the three-dimensional expansive force testing device;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of a stent system;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional view of the internal device;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional view of a porous stone;
FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional view of a water permeable cover plate;
FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional view of the base of the cartridge;
FIG. 10 is a side wall pressure cell placement view;
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional view of a water collection sump;
FIG. 12 is a three-dimensional view of a cartridge;
FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional view of the sample preparation cartridge;
figure 14 three-dimensional view of the ejector.
In the figure: 1-top cap; 2-a top plate; 3-a sample kit; 4-reserving a pressure tank; 5-a pressure cell; 6-connecting a wire; 7-permeable stone; 8-a sample cartridge base; 9-base open slot; 10-a water collecting tank; 11-a stand base; 12-a column; 13-connecting the beam; 14-rotating the armrest; 15-rotating the disc; 16-a screw rod; 17-a pressure gauge; 18 preparing a sample box; 19-sample preparation box handrail; 20-a bottom plate; 21-a thrust rod; 22-push out the disc.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
In order to make the advantages and technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
A three-dimensional expansive force testing device of rock-soil mass mainly comprises: the sample preparation device comprises a bracket system, a water collecting tank, an internal device and a sample preparation device, wherein the bracket system, the water collecting tank, the internal device and the sample preparation device are the four major parts, and the bracket system is the first part; the stent system mainly comprises: the support comprises a support base, a reaction beam, a spiral rod, a rotary handrail, a rotary disk and a pressure gauge, wherein the size of the support base is 300mmx300mmx10 mm; the reaction beam comprises two upright post boxes and a connecting beam, and the upright posts are cylinders with the diameters of 20mm and the heights of 400 mm; the length, width and height of the connecting beam are 240mmx20mmx10mm respectively, and the diameter of the central opening is 10mm, so that a screw rod can penetrate through the connecting beam; the diameter of the screw rod is 10mm, and the length of the screw rod is 20 mm; the diameter of the rotary armrest is 10mm, and the height of the rotary armrest is 15 mm; the diameter of the rotating disc is 80mm, and the thickness of the rotating disc is 5 mm; the second part is a water collecting tank; the inner diameter of the water collecting tank is 200mmx200mmx200mm cube, and the wall thickness is 2 mm; a third portion of internal devices; the internal device includes: the device comprises a permeable cover plate, a sample box, a pressure box, a permeable stone and a sample box base; the water permeable cover plate comprises a top cap of a top plate box, the size of the top plate is 149mmx149mmx10mm cubes, uniform circular holes with equal intervals are formed in the plate, the diameter of each hole is 2mm, and the intervals are 10mm, so that water can permeate into the soil filling sample box to soak rock and soil masses; the center of the water permeable cover plate is provided with a cylindrical top cap with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 20 mm; the inner diameter of the sample box is 150mmx150mmx170mm, the wall thickness is 10mm, the peripheral walls are uniformly provided with circular holes at equal intervals, the diameter of each hole is 2mm, and the interval is 10 mm; reserving a pressure groove in the center of each of the front arm and the side wall so as to place a pressure box in the pressure groove and measure the lateral expansion force of the rock-soil body; the pressure sensor is embedded in the inner wall, the diameter of the pressure sensor is 10mm, the depth of the pressure sensor is 5mm, and the diameter of the hole at the center of the pressure groove is 4mm, so that a lead can penetrate out; the dimension of the permeable stone is 150mmx150mmx10mm cubic blocks; the size of a base of the sample box is 190mmx190mmx20mm, the periphery of the part with the bottom 10mm high is respectively provided with an open slot, the size of the open slot is 20mmx30mmx10mm, and the open slot is arranged to ensure that water slowly and uniformly enters the sample box to moisten rock-soil mass; the upper 10mm height is in a frame form, the outer part is 190mmx190mmx10mm, and the inner part is 170mmx170mmx10 mm; the fourth part is a sample preparation device; the sample preparation device also comprises a sample preparation box and a pusher; the inner diameter of the sample preparation box is 150mmx150mmx150mm, the wall thickness of the periphery is 10mm, the upper end and the lower end are opened, the left side and the right side are respectively provided with a handrail of the sample preparation box, the handrail is a semicircular column, the height of the half beam is 10mm after 4mm, the design of the handrail is convenient for moving the sample preparation box, and a sample is pushed into the experimental sample box; the ejector comprises a bottom plate, a thrust rod and an ejection disc, wherein the size of the bottom plate is 149mmx149mmx10mm which is smaller than the inner diameter of the sample preparation box by 1 mm; the thrust rod is a cylinder with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 160 mm; the ejecting disk is a circular ring with the outer diameter of 80mm and the inner diameter of 70mm, and is connected to the thrust rod through 4 cylinders with the diameter of 10mm, and a complete ejector is formed together.
The three-dimensional expansive force testing device of the rock-soil body is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing 2 pressure cell sensors in two pressure grooves reserved in two directions of a soil filling groove X, Y, and leading out the pressure cell sensors from the grooves so as to detect the expansion pressure in the following process;
secondly, placing a sample box base in the water collecting tank, wherein the sample box base is positioned at the center of the interior of the water collecting tank; placing the sample box of the pressure box on the sample box base;
thirdly, putting a permeable stone in the sample box, and putting experimental filter paper on the permeable stone;
fourthly, sample preparation operation is carried out, a layer of vaseline is coated inside the sample preparation box, and therefore a sample can be pushed out later; filling rock-soil mass with preset parameters in the sample preparation box, and scraping the redundant upper part by using a soil trimming knife;
fifthly, aligning the bottom of the sample preparation box with the top of the sample box, forcibly pushing the sample preparation box into the sample box by aligning a bottom plate of a pusher with the top of the sample, placing a piece of filter paper on the upper end of the sample, and covering a water-permeable cover plate shown in figure 8;
sixthly, placing the whole device at the center of the support system, installing a pressure sensor on the screw rod, and manually rotating the handrail to ensure that the bottom of the screw rod is just contacted with the top cap of the water-permeable cover plate, so as to fix the position of the screw rod;
and seventhly, adding pure water into the water collecting tank to a position 5mm above the water-permeable cover plate, and observing and recording the expansion pressure change in X, Y, Z three directions.
A three-dimensional expansive force testing device for rock and soil mass comprises: the rack system of fig. 5, the water collection sump of fig. 11, the internal device of fig. 6 and the sample preparation device of fig. 13 and 14 are in four major parts.
The three-dimensional expansion force testing method of the rock-soil body comprises the following steps:
firstly, 2 pressure cell sensors are placed in two pressure grooves reserved in two directions of a soil filling groove X, Y, as shown in fig. 10, and lead out from the grooves so as to detect the expansion pressure in the following process;
secondly, placing a sample box base as shown in fig. 9 in the water collecting tank, wherein the sample box base is positioned at the central position in the water collecting tank; placing the sample box of the pressure box on the sample box base;
thirdly, putting a permeable stone 7 in the sample box, and putting an experimental filter paper on the permeable stone;
fourthly, sample preparation is carried out, namely a layer of vaseline is coated in the sample preparation box shown in the figure 13 so as to push out a sample in the following step; filling rock-soil mass with preset parameters in the sample preparation box, and scraping the redundant upper part by using a soil trimming knife;
fifthly, the bottom of the sample preparation box is aligned with the top of the sample box shown in the figure 12, then the bottom plate of the pusher shown in the figure 14 is aligned with the top of the sample to be pushed out into the sample box by force, a piece of filter paper is placed at the upper end of the sample, and a water-permeable cover plate shown in the figure 8 is covered;
sixthly, placing the whole device in the center of the support system, installing a pressure sensor on the screw rod, and manually rotating the handrail to ensure that the bottom of the screw rod is just contacted with the top cap of the water-permeable cover plate to fix the position of the screw rod;
and seventhly, adding pure water into the water collecting tank to a position 5mm above the water-permeable cover plate, and observing and recording the expansion pressure change in X, Y, Z three directions.
Claims (2)
1. A three-dimensional expansion force testing device of rock-soil body mainly comprises: the sample preparation device comprises a bracket system, a water collecting tank, an internal device and a sample preparation device, wherein the bracket system, the water collecting tank, the internal device and the sample preparation device are the four major parts, and the bracket system is the first part; the stent system mainly comprises: the support comprises a support base, a reaction beam, a spiral rod, a rotary handrail, a rotary disk and a pressure gauge, wherein the size of the support base is 300mmx300mmx10 mm; the counter-force beam comprises two upright post boxes and a connecting beam, and the upright posts are cylinders with the diameters of 20mm and the heights of 400 mm; the length, width and height of the connecting beam are 240mmx20mmx10mm respectively, and the diameter of the central opening is 10mm, so that a screw rod can penetrate through the connecting beam; the diameter of the screw rod is 10mm, and the length of the screw rod is 20 mm; the diameter of the rotary armrest is 10mm, and the height of the rotary armrest is 15 mm; the diameter of the rotating disc is 80mm, and the thickness of the rotating disc is 5 mm; the second part is a water collecting tank; the inner diameter of the water collecting tank is 200mmx200mmx200mm cube, and the wall thickness is 2 mm; a third portion of internal devices; the internal device includes: the device comprises a permeable cover plate, a sample box, a pressure box, a permeable stone and a sample box base; the water-permeable cover plate comprises a top cap of a top plate box, the size of the top plate is 149mmx149mmx10mm cubes, uniform circular holes with equal intervals are formed in the plate, the diameter of each hole is 2mm, and the intervals are 10mm, so that water can permeate into the soil-filled sample box to soak rock and soil mass; the center of the water permeable cover plate is provided with a cylindrical top cap with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 20 mm; the inner diameter of the sample box is 150mmx150mmx170mm, the wall thickness is 10mm, the peripheral walls are uniformly provided with circular holes at equal intervals, the diameter of each hole is 2mm, and the interval is 10 mm; reserving a pressure groove in the center of each of the front arm and the side wall so as to place a pressure box in the pressure groove and measure the lateral expansion force of the rock-soil body; the pressure sensor is embedded in the inner wall, the diameter of the pressure sensor is 10mm, the depth of the pressure sensor is 5mm, and the diameter of an opening at the central position of the pressure groove is 4mm so that a lead can penetrate out; the dimension of the permeable stone is 150mmx150mmx10mm cubic blocks; the size of a base of the sample box is 190mmx190mmx20mm, the periphery of the part with the bottom 10mm high is respectively provided with an open slot, the size of the open slot is 20mmx30mmx10mm, and the open slot is arranged to ensure that water slowly and uniformly enters the sample box to moisten rock-soil mass; the upper 10mm height is in a frame form, the outer part is 190mmx190mmx10mm, and the inner part is 170mmx170mmx10 mm; the fourth part is a sample preparation device; the sample preparation device also comprises a sample preparation box and a pusher; the inner diameter of the sample preparation box is 150mmx150mmx150mm, the wall thickness of the periphery is 10mm, the upper end and the lower end are opened, the left side and the right side are respectively provided with a handrail of the sample preparation box, the handrail is a semicircular column, the height of the half beam is 10mm after 4mm, the design of the handrail is convenient for moving the sample preparation box, and a sample is pushed into the experimental sample box; the ejector comprises a bottom plate, a thrust rod and an ejecting disc, wherein the size of the bottom plate is 149mmx149mmx10mm, and is smaller than the inner diameter of the sample preparation box by 1 mm; the thrust rod is a cylinder with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 160 mm; the ejecting disc is a circular ring with the outer diameter of 80mm and the inner diameter of 70mm, and is connected to the thrust rod through 4 cylinders with the diameter of 10mm to form a complete ejector.
2. The three-dimensional expansive force testing device for the rock-soil body according to claim 1, wherein the testing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, 2 pressure cell sensors are placed in two pressure grooves reserved in two directions of a soil filling groove X, Y, and lead out from the grooves so as to detect expansion pressure in the following step;
secondly, placing a sample box base in the water collecting tank, wherein the sample box base is positioned at the center of the interior of the water collecting tank; placing the sample box of the pressure box on the sample box base;
thirdly, putting permeable stones in the sample box, and putting experimental filter paper on the permeable stones;
fourthly, carrying out sample preparation operation, namely coating a layer of vaseline in the sample preparation box for pushing out a sample; filling rock-soil bodies with preset parameters in the sample preparation box, and scraping the upper redundant part by using a soil trimming knife;
fifthly, aligning the bottom of the sample preparation box with the top of the sample box, forcibly pushing the sample preparation box into the sample box by aligning a bottom plate of a pusher with the top of the sample, placing a piece of filter paper on the upper end of the sample, and covering a water-permeable cover plate shown in figure 8;
sixthly, placing the whole device in the center of the support system, installing a pressure sensor on the screw rod, and manually rotating the handrail to ensure that the bottom of the screw rod is just contacted with the top cap of the water-permeable cover plate to fix the position of the screw rod;
and seventhly, adding pure water into the water collecting tank to a position 5mm above the water-permeable cover plate, and observing and recording the expansion pressure change in X, Y, Z three directions.
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