CN111665186A - Multifunctional soil column test device - Google Patents
Multifunctional soil column test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111665186A CN111665186A CN202010724550.3A CN202010724550A CN111665186A CN 111665186 A CN111665186 A CN 111665186A CN 202010724550 A CN202010724550 A CN 202010724550A CN 111665186 A CN111665186 A CN 111665186A
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- soil column
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional soil column test device which comprises a soil column barrel with openings at two ends and a water guide barrel with an opening at the top and a closed bottom, wherein a pressing plate matched with the inner diameter of the soil column barrel is arranged in the soil column barrel, a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed on the pressing plate, the pressing plate is connected with a connecting rod, the connecting rod can drive the pressing plate to move up and down in the soil column barrel, and the position of the pressing plate can be positioned and fixed through the connecting rod; a plurality of water through holes penetrating through the inner wall of the soil column barrel are formed in the side wall of the soil column barrel along the height direction of the side wall; the bottom of the soil column barrel is provided with a water permeable plate matched with the inner diameter of the soil column barrel; the bottom of the soil column barrel is in butt joint with and communicated with the top of the water guide barrel, and a water through hole penetrating through the inner wall of the water guide barrel is formed in the side wall of the water guide barrel. The invention can be applied to various tests, such as leaching test and penetration test, and meets various test requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil characteristic research equipment, and particularly relates to a multifunctional soil column test device.
Background
Soil is always a key research object in the fields of water conservancy, environment, agriculture, forestry and the like, and soil column experiments are common experimental methods for researching various hydrological properties of soil, and particularly, various soil parameters are measured by collecting various types of soil and simulating the fluid motion conditions and pollutant migration rules in the soil in a laboratory.
The soil column test device in the prior art is single in function, cannot meet various experimental requirements, and cannot accurately simulate the state of soil in a real environment, so that test results have deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional soil column test device which can be used for performing a soil column leaching test and a soil column permeation test.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multifunctional soil column test device comprises a soil column barrel with two open ends and a water guide barrel with an open top and a closed bottom, wherein a pressing plate matched with the inner diameter of the soil column barrel is arranged in the soil column barrel, a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed in the pressing plate, the pressing plate is connected with a connecting rod, the connecting rod can drive the pressing plate to move up and down in the soil column barrel, and the position of the pressing plate can be positioned and fixed through the connecting rod; a plurality of water through holes penetrating through the inner wall of the soil column barrel are formed in the side wall of the soil column barrel along the height direction of the side wall; the bottom of the soil column barrel is provided with a water permeable plate matched with the inner diameter of the soil column barrel; the bottom of the soil column barrel is in butt joint with and communicated with the top of the water guide barrel, and a water through hole penetrating through the inner wall of the water guide barrel is formed in the side wall of the water guide barrel.
Further, the outer wall at soil column tube top is provided with the round platform along its circumference, can dismantle on the round platform and be connected with the apron, the apron with the connecting rod passes through threaded connection.
Furthermore, bolt holes are respectively formed in corresponding positions of the cover plate and the circular truncated cone, and bolts penetrate through the bolt holes to connect the cover plate and the circular truncated cone.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the bottom of the soil column barrel is provided with a round table along the circumferential direction, the top of the water guide barrel is also provided with a round table, bolt holes are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the round table at the top of the water guide barrel, of the round table at the bottom of the soil column barrel, and bolts penetrate through the bolt holes to connect the round table at the bottom of the soil column barrel with the round table at the top of the water guide barrel.
Further, the internal diameter of a water guide cylinder equals the internal diameter of a soil column cylinder, the external diameter of the round platform at the top of the water guide cylinder is greater than the internal diameter of the water guide cylinder, the internal diameter of the round platform at the top of the water guide cylinder is less than the internal diameter of the water guide cylinder, and the water permeable plate is placed on the round platform at the top of the water guide cylinder.
Furthermore, a plurality of plug holes are formed in the side wall of the soil column barrel, the plug holes are spirally arranged on the soil column barrel, one water through hole is formed between every two adjacent plug holes, and each plug hole is detachably matched with one plug screw.
Further, a chassis is arranged at the bottom of the water guide cylinder along the circumferential direction of the water guide cylinder, and the outer diameter of the chassis is larger than that of the water guide cylinder.
Furthermore, the outer side wall of the soil column barrel is provided with scale marks, and the soil column barrel is made of transparent materials.
Further, the porous disk is permeable stone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: when the multifunctional soil column testing device is applied, the pressing plate is taken out of the soil column barrel, soil bodies needed by the test are filled into the soil column barrel, the pressing plate is placed at the height position needed by the test in the soil column barrel, and the position of the pressing plate is positioned and fixed through the connecting rod. After fixing, when carrying out the penetration test, connect limbers on the water guide barrel lateral wall with external water source, lead to water in the water guide barrel, water evenly enters into the soil column casing through the porous disk, carry out saturation infiltration to the soil body in the soil column casing, discharge from the limbers on the soil column casing at last, at the in-process of saturation infiltration, the soil body in the soil column casing can take place the infiltration deformation, play the fixed effect of strengthening to the soil body through fixed clamp plate, the disturbance of the soil body has been avoided, ensure the reliability of penetration test result. When the leaching test is carried out, the water through holes in the side wall of the soil column barrel are connected with an external water source, water is introduced into the soil column barrel, the soil body in the soil column barrel is leached, the leached water enters the water guide barrel through the water permeable plate and is finally discharged from the water through holes in the side wall of the water guide barrel. The device has simple structure, complete functions and simple and convenient operation, and can simulate the water motion condition and the pollutant migration rule in the soil in a laboratory, thereby reflecting the real motion rule of water in the soil and meeting various experimental requirements. The device can be used for designing various different test schemes according to the purpose and the requirement of the experiment, and solves the problems of single structure, backward function and the like of the traditional earth pillar test device.
Furthermore, the round platform and the cover plate are detachably connected, soil bodies can be conveniently added into the soil column barrel, the cover plate is connected with the connecting rod through threads, the height of the pressing plate in the soil column barrel can be conveniently adjusted through screwing the connecting rod, and the threads are self-locked, so that the position of the pressing plate can be conveniently positioned and fixed.
Furthermore, bolt holes are respectively formed in corresponding positions of the cover plate and the circular truncated cone, and bolts penetrate through the bolt holes to connect the cover plate and the circular truncated cone, so that the cover plate and the circular truncated cone are convenient to mount and dismount.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the bottom of the soil column barrel is provided with a circular truncated cone along the circumferential direction, the top of the water guide barrel is also provided with a circular truncated cone, bolt holes are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the circular truncated cones at the top of the water guide barrel, of the circular truncated cone at the bottom of the soil column barrel, bolts penetrate through the bolt holes to connect the circular truncated cones at the bottom of the soil column barrel with the circular truncated cones at the top of the water guide barrel, and the design is beneficial to installation and disassembly of the water guide barrel and the soil column.
Furthermore, the outer diameter of the circular truncated cone at the top of the water guide cylinder is larger than the inner diameter of the water guide cylinder, and the inner diameter of the circular truncated cone at the top of the water guide cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the water guide cylinder, namely, one part of the circular truncated cone at the top of the water guide cylinder extends into the water guide cylinder, so that the water permeable plate is conveniently placed on the circular truncated cone at the top of the water guide cylinder.
Furthermore, the side wall of the soil column barrel is provided with a plurality of screw plug holes, and the screw plug holes are spirally designed on the soil column barrel, so that the soil sampling in the same vertical direction can be avoided as much as possible during sampling and soil sampling, and the disturbance damage to the soil column can be reduced; and open the back with the plug screw, detection device such as probe is put into to soil column section of thick bamboo in the accessible plug screw hole, and some parameters of the convenient detection soil body inside of being convenient for, for example section moisture content, porosity etc..
Furthermore, the bottom of the water guide cylinder is provided with a base plate along the circumferential direction of the water guide cylinder, and the outer diameter of the base plate is larger than that of the water guide cylinder, so that the whole device is stably supported and fixed.
Furthermore, the outer side wall of the soil column barrel is provided with scale marks, and the soil column barrel is made of transparent materials, so that the height value of the soil column can be conveniently and directly read.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multifunctional soil column test device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multifunctional soil column test device in an application of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the multifunctional soil column test device in the second application of the embodiment.
Wherein: 1-a soil column casing; 2-a water through hole; 3-a plug screw; 4-a circular truncated cone; 5-cover plate; 6-connecting rod; 7-pressing a plate; 8-permeable plate; 9-a chassis; 10-scale mark; 11-a water guide cylinder; 12-bolt holes; 13-a soil column apparatus body; 14-water supply bottle; 15-speed regulating valve; 16-a hose; 17-a probe; 18-a wire; 19-a data acquisition terminal; 20-a conical flask; 21-a water tank; 22-a water storage container; 23-piezometric tube; 24-measuring cylinder.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a multifunctional soil column test device includes a soil column barrel 1 with two open ends and a water guide barrel 11 with an open top and a closed bottom, wherein the soil column barrel 1 and the water guide barrel 11 are tubular structures, in this embodiment, the soil column barrel 1 and the water guide barrel 11 are made of organic glass and have a thickness of 1cm, and of course, the soil column barrel 1 and the water guide barrel 11 may also be made of stainless steel.
A pressing plate 7 matched with the inner diameter of the soil column barrel 1 is arranged in the soil column barrel 1, a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed on the pressing plate 7 and used for water passing, a connecting rod 6 is connected to the pressing plate 7, the connecting rod 6 can drive the pressing plate 7 to move up and down in the soil column barrel 1, and the position of the pressing plate 7 can be positioned and fixed through the connecting rod 6; the bottom of the soil column barrel 1 is provided with a water permeable plate 8 matched with the inner diameter of the soil column barrel 1. Be used for holding experimental soil body of using between clamp plate 7 and the porous disk 8, realize the regulation of soil body accommodation space size through the distance between adjustment clamp plate 7 and the porous disk 8, clamp plate 7 can be fixed the soil body of its below, can prevent that the soil body warp because of the seepage flow among the penetration test process, ensures the reliability of test result.
Specifically speaking, the circular truncated cone 4 is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the earth pillar barrel 1 along the circumferential direction, the circular truncated cone 4 is detachably connected with the cover plate 5, the cover plate 5 is in threaded connection with the connecting rod 6, namely the connecting rod 6 is a screw rod, threaded holes matched with the screw rod are respectively formed in the central positions of the pressing plate 7 and the cover plate 5, two ends of the screw rod are respectively connected with the threaded holes in a threaded fit mode after penetrating through the threaded holes, the screw rod is rotated, and the height of the pressing plate 7 in the earth pillar barrel. In this embodiment, the permeable plate 8 is permeable stone, or a layer of permeable gauze may be disposed on the plate with the through holes. The thickness of the cover plate 5 is 2cm, the diameter of the screw is 1cm, and the thickness of the pressing plate 7 is 2 cm.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, bolt holes 12 are respectively formed in corresponding positions of the cover plate 5 and the circular truncated cone 4, and bolts penetrate the bolt holes 12 to connect the cover plate 5 and the circular truncated cone 4.
The side wall of the soil column barrel 1 is provided with a plurality of water through holes 2 penetrating through the inner wall of the soil column barrel 1 along the height direction, in other words, the water through holes 2 are distributed along the axial direction of the soil column barrel 1, water can be added into the soil column barrel from the outside in the water through holes 2, the water in the soil column barrel can also flow out from the water through holes 2, the number and the position of the holes of the water through holes 2 in the soil column barrel 1 can be set by self according to the experimental requirements, and the water through holes are connected with other devices through pipelines to form an integral water inlet and outlet channel of the soil column; preferably, the distance between two adjacent water through holes 2 is the same.
As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of plug screw holes are formed in the side wall of the soil column barrel 1, the plug screw holes are spirally arranged on the soil column barrel 1, a water through hole 2 is formed between every two adjacent plug screw holes, a plug screw 3 is detachably matched in each plug screw hole, the plug screw holes can be plugged by installing the plug screw 3 into the plug screw holes, the plug screw 3 can be opened by taking out the plug screw from the plug screw holes, and therefore, the collection of profile soil samples can be conveniently carried out by using tools such as spoons from the plug screw holes, or detection tools such as probes can be conveniently inserted into the soil column from the plug screw holes. The screw plug holes are spirally distributed to reduce disturbance to the soil body as much as possible. In this embodiment, the screw plug 3 is a bolt made of stainless steel or organic glass material.
As shown in fig. 1, the bottom of the earth pillar barrel 1 is butted and communicated with the top of the water guide barrel 11, the axes of the earth pillar barrel 1 and the water guide barrel 11 are on the same straight line, the inner diameter of the water guide barrel 11 is equal to the inner diameter of the earth pillar barrel 1, a water through hole 2 penetrating through the inner wall of the water guide barrel 11 is arranged on the side wall of the water guide barrel 11, in the embodiment, the height of the water guide barrel 11 is 10cm, the distance from the water through hole 2 on the water guide barrel 11 to the bottom of the water guide barrel 11 is 5cm, the water through hole 2 can be used for adding water into the water guide barrel 11 from the outside, and the water in the water guide barrel 11 can also flow out from the water through hole 2. Specifically, a circular truncated cone 4 is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the soil column barrel 1 along the circumferential direction of the outer wall, a circular truncated cone 4 is also arranged on the top of the water guide barrel 11, a plurality of bolt holes 12 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction in positions, corresponding to the circular truncated cone 4, on the top of the water guide barrel 11, of the circular truncated cone 4 on the bottom of the soil column barrel 1, and bolts penetrate through the bolt holes 12 to connect the circular truncated cone 4 on the bottom of the soil column barrel 1 with the circular truncated cone 4 on the. The outer diameter of the circular truncated cone 4 at the top of the water guide cylinder 11 is larger than the inner diameter of the water guide cylinder 11, the inner diameter of the circular truncated cone 4 at the top of the water guide cylinder 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the water guide cylinder 11, and the water permeable plate 8 is placed on the circular truncated cone 4 at the top of the water guide cylinder 11. In the embodiment, the outer diameter of the circular truncated cone 4 at the top of the water guide cylinder 11 is 5cm larger than the inner diameter of the water guide cylinder 11, the thickness of the circular truncated cone 4 is 1cm, the outer diameter of the circular truncated cone 4 at the top of the water guide cylinder 11 is 6cm larger than the inner diameter, the circular truncated cone 4 at the top of the water guide cylinder 11 extends into the water guide cylinder 11 for 1cm, and the extending part is used for placing the water permeable plate 8.
Preferably, a chassis 9 is arranged at the bottom of the water guide cylinder 11 along the circumferential direction of the water guide cylinder, and the outer diameter of the chassis 9 is larger than that of the water guide cylinder 11, in the embodiment, the outer diameter of the chassis 9 is 5cm, the thickness of the chassis is 3cm, and the chassis plays a role in stabilizing and supporting, so that the whole device is more stable after being placed.
Preferably, be provided with scale mark 10 on the lateral wall of earth pillar section of thick bamboo 1, the top plane and the bottom plane of scale mark 10 perpendicular to earth pillar section of thick bamboo 1, earth pillar section of thick bamboo 1 is transparent material, and the observation clamp plate 7 that can be convenient through the scale mark is apart from the distance of 1 bottoms of earth pillar section of thick bamboo, makes things convenient for the reading in the experimentation promptly.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific application examples.
Application example 1:
with reference to fig. 1 and 2, in the soil column leaching test, the multifunctional soil column packing body 13, the water supply bottle 14, the speed regulating valve 15, the hose 16, the probe 17, the electric wire 18, the data acquisition terminal 19 and the conical flask 20 are included.
The multifunctional soil column device body 13 comprises a soil column barrel 1, a water through hole 2, a screw plug 3, a circular truncated cone 4, a cover plate 5, a connecting rod 6, a pressing plate 7, a water permeable plate 8, a chassis 9, a scale mark 10, a water guide barrel 11 and a bolt hole 12. The height of a soil column barrel 1 is 150cm, the inner diameter is 50cm, the outer diameter is 52cm, the wall thickness is 1cm, a circular truncated cone 4 is adhered to the outer wall of the top and the bottom, and a water through hole 2 is formed at a position 120cm away from the bottom of the soil column barrel; the limber hole 2 is connected with a water supply bottle 14 through a hose 16; the number of the screw plugs 3 is 9, the number of the screw plugs is 1cm, and the screw plugs are arranged every 10cm from 10cm to 90cm from the bottom of the earth pillar barrel and used for leading out electric wires 18;
the diameter of the circular truncated cone 4 is 57cm, the width is 6cm, the thickness is 1cm, the width range extends 1cm inwards to the cylinder, the connecting and fixing effects are achieved, 12 bolt holes 12 with the diameter of 1cm are uniformly formed in the edge portion, and the intervals among the bolt holes 12 are equal;
the diameter of the cover plate 5 is 55cm, bolt holes 12 corresponding to the circular truncated cone are arranged at the edge of the cover plate, the circular truncated cone is connected with the cover plate through screws and nuts, and the circle center of the cover plate is simultaneously provided with one bolt hole 12 with the diameter of 1 cm;
the diameter of the connecting rod 6 is 1cm, the length of the connecting rod is 60cm, the lower end of the connecting rod is connected with the pressing plate 7, the upper part of the connecting rod is rotated to enter the center of the cover plate 5 when the connecting rod is used, and the connecting rod is rotated to a position 10cm away from the upper end of the screw rod;
the diameter of the pressure plate 7 is 50cm, the thickness is 2cm, and the circle center is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 6;
the water permeable plate 8 is 50cm in diameter, 1cm in thickness and 200-mesh stainless steel filter screen, prevents the soil sample from leaking, and is placed on the circular table at the top end of the water guide cylinder;
the diameter of the chassis 9 is 55cm, the thickness is 3cm, and the chassis is connected with the bottom end of the water guide cylinder to play a supporting role;
the measuring range of the scale mark 10 is 140cm, and the scale mark is symmetrically arranged along the side wall of the soil column barrel, so that the reading in the experimental process is convenient;
the diameter of the water guide cylinder 11 is 50cm, the height is 10cm, a water outlet hole 2 is formed in the position, 5cm away from the chassis, of the side wall, and a circular table above the water guide cylinder is used for receiving the water permeable plate 8;
the water supply bottle 14 is higher than the soil column and is connected with the soil column device 13 through a speed regulating valve 15 and a hose 16 to supply water;
the hose 16 is a rubber hose, and the speed regulating valve 15 can regulate the flow rate of water supply; the probe 17 is an EM-5TE soil moisture, temperature and conductivity sensor, the size of the probe is 8.9 multiplied by 1.8 multiplied by 0.7cm, and the probe is connected with a data acquisition terminal 19 through an electric wire 18;
the model of the data acquisition terminal 19 is EM50, the size of the box body is 12.7 multiplied by 20.3 multiplied by 5.1cm, the number of channels is 5, the precision is 12 bits of A/D conversion, the precision of the digital pulse channel is 32 bits, the memory is 1M, and 36000 groups of data can be stored;
the erlenmeyer flask 20 was 200ml in volume and was used to collect the exuded water samples.
The device is used for leaching experiments and is used for researching the chemical change of soil water under the condition of continuous seeper infiltration, and the specific operation is as follows:
(1) obtaining a plurality of natural soil samples through field investigation and sampling, naturally drying the natural soil samples, grinding the dried natural soil samples through a 2mm sieve, and measuring the mass water content of the dried soil samples;
(2) aligning the circular truncated cone at the bottom of the soil column barrel 1 with screw holes corresponding to the circular truncated cone 4 at the top of the water guide barrel 11 one by one, mounting screws and nuts and screwing, placing the water permeable plate 8 on the circular truncated cone at the top of the water guide barrel 11, adding water into the soil column barrel 1 to check whether water leakage exists, if not, performing the next step, and if so, repairing;
(3) according to different dry densities, e.g. 1.5g/cm3Calculating the weight of the required soil according to the diameter of the pipe and the thickness of the saturated soil, weighing sufficient amount of screened soil, filling the screened soil into the soil column barrel 1 in a layering manner, compacting the soil once by adding loose soil with the thickness of 5cm in a manual compacting manner, planing the surface after compacting, and then continuously adding a soil sample to control the uniformity of the sample, wherein the height of the soil sample in the test is 100 cm;
(4) burying soil moisture probes 17 at a specified depth while loading the sample, burying the probes 17 from a depth of 10cm from the bottom surface of the earth pillar, and burying the probes 17 every 10cm along the depth until the probes are 10cm from the top end of the earth pillar, wherein 9 probes 17 are buried so as to uniformly obtain the moisture seepage condition of the whole section of the earth pillar; when the probe 17 is buried, in order to reduce the interference of the boundary, the probe is placed at the circle center of the earth pillar, and after the burying is finished, the electric wire 18 is led out through the screw plug hole and is connected with the data acquisition terminal 19;
(5) because the influence of evaporation on the experiment is not considered, after the soil sample is filled, a connecting rod 6, a pressing plate 7 and a cover plate 5 are sequentially installed, the connecting rod 6 is screwed to a corresponding height at a bolt hole 12 in the center of the cover plate 5, a water supply bottle 14, a speed regulating valve 15 and a water through hole 2 above a soil column device body 13 are respectively connected through a rubber hose 16, a data acquisition terminal 19 is opened to record data, distilled water is added into the water supply bottle 14, the speed regulating valve 15 below the right of the water supply bottle 14 is opened to start water supply, water is supplied when the water surface reaches the top 20cm of the soil sample, and the water supply flow speed is adjusted to be proper to keep the height of a water head for supplying water, so that continuous; adding water into the water supply bottle 14 according to the seepage velocity, and adding water to the same height every time;
(6) along with the progress of infiltration, observe the circumstances of piling up of water guide tube 4 water yield, place erlenmeyer flask 20 after 2 apopores of water guide tube 4 go out water and collect the exudate and be used for later stage water quality analysis, still need connect the data sample thief every day, observe whether the probe keeps working, ensure sample thief power supply sufficient simultaneously.
The experiment can also be used for researching the influence of different solutions on seepage by changing the types of the solutions (such as NaCl solution) in the water supply bottle.
Application example 2:
with reference to fig. 1 and 3, in the soil column infiltration test, the multifunctional soil column device comprises a multifunctional soil column device body 13, a water supply bottle 14, a speed regulating valve 15, a hose 16, a water tank 21, a water storage container 22, a pressure measuring pipe 23 and a measuring cylinder 24.
The multifunctional soil column device body 13 comprises a soil column barrel 1, a water through hole 2, a screw plug 3, a circular truncated cone 4, a cover plate 5, a connecting rod 6, a pressing plate 7, a water permeable plate 8, a chassis 9, a scale mark 10, a water guide barrel 11 and a bolt hole 12. The height of the soil column barrel 1 is 10cm, the inner diameter is 10cm, the outer diameter is 12cm, the wall thickness is 1cm, and a water through hole 2 is formed at a position 8cm away from the bottom of the soil column barrel; the limber hole 2 is connected with the water tank 21 through a hose 16;
the diameter of the circular truncated cone 4 is 15cm, the width is 6cm, the thickness is 1cm, the width range extends 1cm into the cylinder, 6 bolt holes 12 with the diameter of 1cm are uniformly arranged at the edge part, and the distances among the bolt holes 12 are equal;
the diameter of the cover plate 5 is 15cm, bolt holes 12 corresponding to the circular truncated cone are arranged at the edge of the cover plate, the circular truncated cone is connected by screws and nuts, and a bolt hole 12 with the diameter of 1cm is also arranged at the center of the circular truncated cone;
the diameter of the connecting rod 6 is 1cm, the length is 10cm, the lower end is connected with the pressing plate 7, and the upper part is rotated to enter the center of the cover plate when the connecting rod is used;
the diameter of the pressure plate 7 is 10cm, the thickness is 1cm, and the circle center is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 6;
the water permeable plate 8 is made of water permeable stone with a diameter of 10cm and a thickness of 1cm, and is respectively placed at the bottom and the top of the soil sample to prevent the soil sample from leaking;
the diameter of the chassis 9 is 15cm, the thickness is 3cm, and the chassis is connected with the bottom end of the water guide cylinder to play a supporting role;
the scale mark 10 is 10cm in range and symmetrically arranged along the side wall of the soil column barrel, so that the reading in the experimental process is facilitated;
the diameter of the water guide cylinder 11 is 10cm, the height is 5cm, and a water through hole 2 is formed in the position, 3cm away from the base plate, of the side wall;
the water tank 21 is provided with water outlet holes distributed on one side, the water supply rate of a water source of the water supply bottle 14 is greater than the water outlet rate of the water outlet by adjusting the speed regulating valve 15 on the lower right side of the water tank, so that the water head in the water tank and the water level height of the pressure measuring pipe 23 are kept consistent and constant, and redundant water flows into the water storage container 22 from the corresponding water outlet holes of the water tank 21;
the capacity of the water storage container 22 is more than 1L, and the water storage container is used for receiving and taking redundant water in the water tank 21 and placing the redundant water at a water outlet of the water tank;
the pressure measuring pipe 23 is connected with a water outlet of the water tank 21 through a hose 16, the scale precision is 1cm, and the pressure measuring pipe is used for reading the height of a water head of the water tank 21, namely the height of a constant water head;
the measuring cylinder 24 has a capacity of 50ml and an accuracy of 1 ml.
Of course, the size of the device of the invention can be adjusted according to different experimental needs.
The device is used for penetration test and is used for measuring the saturation permeability coefficient of the porous medium, and the specific operation is as follows:
(1) obtaining a plurality of representative samples through field investigation and sampling, pretreating the samples according to the experiment requirements and the geotechnical test standard in a laboratory, and weighing sufficient samples;
(2) aligning the circular truncated cones at the bottom of the soil column barrel 1 with screw holes corresponding to the circular truncated cones 4 at the top of the water guide barrel 11 one by one, mounting screws and nuts and screwing, placing the water permeable plate 8 on the circular truncated cones at the top of the water guide barrel 11, adding water into the barrel to check whether water leakage exists, if not, performing the next step, and if so, repairing;
(3) the inner wall of a soil column barrel 1 is coated with evenly distributed vaseline, permeable stones are placed at the bottom of the soil column barrel 1, weighed soil samples are uniformly loaded into the soil column barrel 1 in a layered mode and compacted, a soil sample with the height of 2cm is loaded each time, the soil sample with the height of 6cm is loaded for three times, the soil sample is controlled to be uniform as much as possible in the soil loading process, the permeable stones are placed on the upper layer of the soil sample after the soil sample loading is finished, then a connecting rod 6, a pressing plate 7 and a cover plate 5 are sequentially installed, and the connecting rod 6 is screwed to the corresponding height at a central bolt hole 12 of the cover plate 5;
(5) putting the loaded soil column 13 into a thermostat, adjusting the standard temperature of the intelligent thermostat to 20 ℃, respectively connecting a water supply bottle 14, a speed regulating valve 15, a water tank 21 and a water inlet hole below the soil column device body 13 by using a rubber hose 16, adding distilled water into the water supply bottle 14, opening the speed regulating valve 15 below the right of the water supply bottle 14 to start supplying water to the water tank 21, and fully saturating the soil sample by gradually adjusting the height of the water tank 21 and the water saturation time, wherein the water surface height of the water tank 21 is sequentially lifted from the bottom to the top of the flush soil sample, and is lifted by 1cm each time, and the water saturation time is controlled to be more than 24 hours;
(6) and after the water saturation is finished, measuring the permeability coefficient by a fixed water head method or a variable water head method.
The thermostat used in the experiment adopts an SHH-C3000 series temperature controller, the temperature control range is 0-60 ℃, the precision is 0.1 ℃, the basic error of the temperature measurement value is less than 0.3 percent, the appearance size is designed to be 70cm multiplied by 170cm, and the thermostat can work for a long time.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The multifunctional soil column test device is characterized by comprising a soil column barrel (1) with two open ends and a water guide barrel (11) with an open top and a closed bottom, wherein a pressing plate (7) matched with the inner diameter of the soil column barrel (1) is arranged in the soil column barrel (1), a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed on the pressing plate (7), the pressing plate (7) is connected with a connecting rod (6), the connecting rod (6) can drive the pressing plate (7) to move up and down in the soil column barrel (1), and the position of the pressing plate (7) can be positioned and fixed through the connecting rod (6); a plurality of water through holes (2) penetrating through the inner wall of the soil column barrel (1) are formed in the side wall of the soil column barrel (1) along the height direction of the side wall; the bottom of the soil column barrel (1) is provided with a water permeable plate (8) matched with the inner diameter of the soil column barrel (1); the bottom of the soil column barrel (1) is in butt joint with and communicated with the top of the water guide barrel (11), and a water through hole (2) penetrating through the inner wall of the water guide barrel (11) is formed in the side wall of the water guide barrel (11).
2. The multifunctional soil column test device according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the top of the soil column barrel (1) is provided with a circular truncated cone (4) along the circumferential direction, a cover plate (5) is detachably connected to the circular truncated cone (4), and the cover plate (5) is in threaded connection with the connecting rod (6).
3. The multifunctional soil column testing device of claim 2, wherein bolt holes (12) are respectively formed in corresponding positions of the cover plate (5) and the circular truncated cone (4), and bolts penetrate through the bolt holes (12) to connect the cover plate (5) and the circular truncated cone (4).
4. The multifunctional soil column testing device of claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the bottom of the soil column barrel (1) is provided with a circular truncated cone (4) along the circumferential direction thereof, the top of the water guide barrel (11) is also provided with a circular truncated cone (4), the circular truncated cone (4) of the bottom of the soil column barrel (1) and the circular truncated cone (4) of the top of the water guide barrel (11) are provided with bolt holes (12) respectively at positions corresponding to the circular truncated cone (4), and a bolt passes through the bolt holes (12) to connect the circular truncated cone (4) of the bottom of the soil column barrel (1) with the circular truncated cone (4) of the top of the water guide barrel (11).
5. The multifunctional soil column testing device of claim 4, wherein the inner diameter of the water guide cylinder (11) is equal to the inner diameter of the soil column cylinder (1), the outer diameter of the circular truncated cone (4) at the top of the water guide cylinder (11) is larger than the inner diameter of the water guide cylinder (11), the inner diameter of the circular truncated cone (4) at the top of the water guide cylinder (11) is smaller than the inner diameter of the water guide cylinder (11), and the water permeable plate (8) is placed on the circular truncated cone (4) at the top of the water guide cylinder (11).
6. The multifunctional soil column test device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of screw plug holes are formed in the side wall of the soil column casing (1), the screw plug holes are spirally arranged on the soil column casing (1), one water through hole (2) is arranged between every two adjacent screw plug holes, and one screw plug (3) is detachably matched in each screw plug hole.
7. A multifunctional soil column test device according to claim 1 characterized in that the bottom of the water guide cylinder (11) is provided with a chassis (9) along its circumference, the outer diameter of the chassis (9) is larger than the outer diameter of the water guide cylinder (11).
8. The multifunctional soil column test device according to claim 1, wherein scale marks (10) are arranged on the outer side wall of the soil column barrel (1), and the soil column barrel (1) is made of transparent material.
9. A multifunctional soil column test device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the permeable plate (8) is permeable stone.
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| CN202010724550.3A CN111665186A (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Multifunctional soil column test device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112798413A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-05-14 | 浙江大学 | Broken dynamic monitoring device of calcareous sand granule based on unipolar compression test |
| CN113720993A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-11-30 | 中国农业大学 | Earth pillar test device |
| CN114441406A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-05-06 | 中交第四航务工程局有限公司 | Test system and test method for simulating local seepage of waterproof curtain of foundation pit |
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2020
- 2020-07-24 CN CN202010724550.3A patent/CN111665186A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112798413A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-05-14 | 浙江大学 | Broken dynamic monitoring device of calcareous sand granule based on unipolar compression test |
| CN113720993A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-11-30 | 中国农业大学 | Earth pillar test device |
| CN114441406A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-05-06 | 中交第四航务工程局有限公司 | Test system and test method for simulating local seepage of waterproof curtain of foundation pit |
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