CN114775531A - Ecological seepage-proofing bank slope structure of upper reservoir of pumped storage power station and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of an upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station and a construction method thereof. The structure includes a crushed stone cushion layer, a gravel-mixed clay layer, a gravel cushion layer, a gravel-mixed clay layer, a rubble cushion layer arranged on the water-facing side of the bank slope surface sequentially from the inside to the outside, and a construction method thereof. Flat cementitious layer, asphalt concrete panel layer, vegetation soil layer and ecological herb layer. The gravel-mixed clay layer comprises clay material and gravel material mixed and mixed in a set proportion, and the leveling cementitious layer is cement mortar laid on the gravel-mixed clay layer. The lower ends of several steel bars are pre-buried in the asphalt concrete panel layer, and the upper ends extend into the vegetation soil layer. The soil material of the vegetation soil layer is clay, and amphibians are planted on the ecological herb layer. The invention effectively improves the anti-seepage ability of the upper reservoir bank of the pumped-storage power station by utilizing the excellent anti-seepage performance of the clay soil and the excellent anti-seepage performance and deformation ability of the asphalt concrete panel.

Description

Ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of upper reservoir of pumped storage power station and its construction method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering, in particular to an ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of an upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station and a construction method thereof.

Background technique

my country has a vast territory and abundant water resources. However, with the continuous development of social economy and the continuous development and utilization of hydropower resources in recent years, there are fewer and fewer reservoir sites with excellent natural geological conditions, and the difficulty of engineering construction is also increasing. As a "world factory", my country's industry, transportation and other industries are developing rapidly, while carbon emissions are accelerating. However, my country's oil and gas natural resources are relatively scarce, and under the influence of policies such as carbon neutrality and carbon compliance, it is of great security significance to develop environmentally friendly energy and reshape the environmentally friendly energy system. On the basis of hydropower ecological energy, the development of pumped storage power stations is an effective way to achieve carbon neutrality.

Due to its unique working nature, the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station pumps water to the upper reservoir for energy storage at night when the demand for electricity is small; when the demand for electricity is high during the day, the upper reservoir releases water to generate electricity. The bank of the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station undergoes frequent water level rises and falls, forming a dry-wet cycle environment. Under the dry-wet cycle environment, the bank of the reservoir is prone to deterioration and deformation, resulting in cracks, resulting in serious water seepage problems on the bank. How to reasonably and effectively solve the problem of water seepage in the reservoir bank under the dry-wet cycle environment is imminent.

At present, there have been many research results on the treatment of reservoir bank anti-seepage. It is roughly divided into three types of materials: concrete panels, polyethylene impermeable membranes, clay, and their combined forms, but there are certain problems. The above three materials have a certain anti-seepage effect on the anti-seepage of the reservoir bank, but none of them have considered the problem that the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station is more prone to cracking and water seepage in the dry-wet cycle environment.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a bank slope structure that can solve the above problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of a pumped storage power station and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of the present invention is as follows. The ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station includes a gravel cushion, a gravel-mixed layer, and a gravel cushion, which are sequentially arranged on the water-facing side of the bank slope from the inside to the outside. Clay layer, leveling cement layer, asphalt concrete panel layer, vegetation soil layer and ecological herb layer.

The gravel-mixed clay layer includes clay material and gravel material mixed and mixed in a predetermined proportion, and the leveling cementitious layer is cement mortar laid on the gravel-mixed clay layer.

The lower ends of several steel bars are pre-buried in the asphalt concrete panel layer, and the upper ends extend into the vegetation soil layer.

The soil material of the vegetation soil layer is clay, and amphibians are planted on the ecological herb layer.

Further, the maximum particle size of the crushed stone material of the crushed stone cushion is less than or equal to 120 mm, and the maximum particle size of the gravel material of the gravel-mixed clay layer is less than or equal to 120 mm.

Further, the surface of the ecological herb layer is tiled with polyethylene hexagonal grids.

According to the above-mentioned construction method of the ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, the following steps are included:

1) Construction of the crushed stone cushion: spread the crushed stone material on the water-facing side of the bank slope and smooth it, and then roll the laid crushed stone material.

2) Construction of the gravel-mixed clay layer: mixing the clay material and the gravel material according to a set ratio to obtain the gravel-mixed clay, and then laying the gravel-mixed clay on the gravel cushion and rolling it in layers.

3) Construction of the leveling cementitious layer: paving cement mortar on the gravel-mixed clay layer, and rolling the paving layer after reaching the specified compaction and flatness.

4) Construction of the asphalt concrete panel layer: install a number of the reinforcing bars in the corresponding positions, then spread the asphalt concrete mixture, and roll the paving layer after reaching the specified compaction and flatness, and then roll a number of reinforcing bars. Extend this paving layer.

5) Construction of the vegetation soil layer: the clay is spread on the asphalt concrete panel layer and rolled in layers, and the upper ends of several steel bars are located in the rolled clay layer.

6) Construction of the ecological herb layer: the soil of the designed thickness is laid on the vegetation soil layer, and then the polyethylene hexagonal grid is laid on the soil layer, and amphibians are planted in the soil layer.

Further, after step 3), there is also a step of shaving the paving layer.

The technical effect of the present invention is unquestionable. The present invention utilizes the excellent seepage-proof performance of clay soil and the excellent seepage-proof performance and deformation capacity of asphalt concrete panels to effectively improve the seepage-proof capacity of the upper reservoir bank of the pumped storage power station; , the gravel-mixed clay layer and the vegetation soil layer can be well adapted to the construction of the reservoir bank, and the operability is large, which ensures the overall construction quality and anti-seepage effect of the structure; in addition, the structure also uses amphibious plants to purify The effect of water quality, and the plant root system can better consolidate the soil, at the same time, plants can well adjust the water content of the bank slope soil, reduce soil cracking caused by dry-wet cycles, prevent water seepage at the bank, and look beautiful The role of the reservoir bank, as long as the construction rolling compaction quality can be ensured, the structure is not prone to cracks and large deformation, and the structural safety and durability can be guaranteed, so as to effectively cope with the current situation of the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station. The leakage problem caused by the dry-wet cycle.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the seepage prevention structure of the dam slope of the upper reservoir;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gravel-mixed clay layer;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of ecological herb layer;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the asphalt concrete panel layer and the vegetation soil layer.

In the picture: gravel cushion layer 1, gravel-mixed clay layer 2, leveling cement layer 3, asphalt concrete face layer 4, vegetation soil layer 5, ecological herb layer 6, gravel material 7, clay material 8, polyethylene hexagon Grid 10, amphibians 11 and rebar 13.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Without departing from the above-mentioned technical idea of the present invention, various substitutions and changes can be made according to common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field, which shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

Referring to Fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses the ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, including a gravel cushion 1, a gravel-mixed clay layer 2, Leveling cementation layer 3, asphalt concrete panel layer 4, vegetation soil layer 5 and ecological herb layer 6.

The maximum particle size of the crushed stone material of the crushed stone cushion layer 1 is less than or equal to 120mm. The crushed stone cushion layer 1 is the most powerful bearing layer of the bank slope structure, which is used to improve the bearing capacity of the entire bank slope, and can Effectively reduce the settlement. Generally, the bank slope will be deformed to a certain extent after being subjected to the dynamic load of water and the dry-wet cycle, and the gravel cushion 1 can effectively reduce the settlement caused by the corresponding changes. It is good to avoid the hazards caused by uneven settlement. At the same time, it can also accelerate drainage and consolidation. Because the sand and gravel have good water permeability, a good drainage surface can be formed after the bank slope is formed and compressed, so that the pore water pressure under the bank slope can be quickly dissipated, and the plastic damage of the bank slope soil can be avoided. , increasing its strength.

Referring to Fig. 2, the gravel-mixed clay layer 2 comprises clay material 8 and gravel material 7 mixed and mixed in a set proportion, and the maximum particle size of the gravel material 7 of the gravel-mixed clay layer 2 is less than or equal to 120mm, and the gravel-mixed clay layer 2 Not only has the anti-seepage effect, but after adding gravel, the elastic modulus of the gravel-filled clay is higher than that of the clay layer without gravel, and the compressive and shearing capacity is also improved, which can well reduce the uneven settlement zone. It protects the superstructure from damage and makes the overall structure more secure and stable. The gravel mixed in the gravel-mixed clay layer 2 is composed of graded gravel, and the particle size of the mixed gravel should not be too large. Care should be taken to remove the excessively large particle size before construction. And the gravel-mixed clay layer after adding gravel should meet the anti-seepage requirements of the engineering structure. And during construction, layered filling should be carried out according to the total thickness of the gravel-filled clay layer, and the rolling quality should be strictly controlled, and technological measures conducive to uniform mixing and avoiding particle separation should be adopted.

The leveling cementitious layer 3 is the cement mortar laid on the gravel-mixed clay layer 2, and the leveling cementitious layer 3 is used as the cementation connection layer connecting the asphalt concrete face layer 4 and the gravel-mixed clay layer 2, and the engineering quality directly affects the anti-seepage effect. , its laying thickness should not be less than 100mm. The main function of the leveling cementitious layer 3 is to ensure that the asphalt concrete panel can be well combined with the gravel-mixed clay layer 2 below, and to create a good flat surface for the paving construction of the asphalt concrete panel layer 4 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , the lower ends of several steel bars 13 are pre-buried in the asphalt concrete panel layer 4 , and the upper ends extend into the vegetation soil layer 5 .

As the most powerful impermeable layer of the whole structure, the asphalt concrete face layer 4 has good impermeability, crack resistance, stability and durability, and can ensure the safety performance of the whole structure and prevent structural cracks from infiltrating.

The soil material of the vegetation soil layer 5 is clay, and the vegetation soil layer 5 is a soil layer composed of clay which can not only be used for plant growth, but also has excellent anti-seepage performance. The permeability coefficient of the clay itself is extremely small, only 1×10 ^-7 cm/s. It is a good anti-seepage material, and it is easy to obtain materials on site, and its thickness should not be less than 400mm. At the same time, the seepage path is lengthened to a certain extent, the hydraulic gradient is reduced, the piping of the bank slope and its structure is prevented, the occurrence of hazards is avoided, and the safety of the structure is improved.

Referring to FIG. 3 , amphibians 11 are planted on the ecological herb layer 6 , and a polyethylene hexagonal grid 10 is laid on the surface of the ecological herb layer 6 . The connection surface of the ecological herb layer 6 and the lower vegetation soil layer 5 is the natural soil suitable for plant growth, and the amphibians that can survive in water and can survive on land are planted here, and the natural soil is rich in microorganisms. Can play a certain role in purifying water. A hexagonal mesh structure made of polyethylene material is laid on it, so that the soil will not be washed away by the frequent rise and fall of the water level of the reservoir. Therefore, the ecological herb layer has good impact resistance and durability, and can also improve water quality and beautify the bank slope.

In addition, the surface vegetation layer has the effect of heat insulation, heat insulation in the sun, and anti-freezing in winter. It is an environmentally friendly and superior thermal insulation layer. After the root system of the surface vegetation develops, it is beneficial to the stability of the bank slope, preventing the soil erosion of the surface soil mass of the bank slope under the dry-wet cycle and rain erosion, and protecting the surface soil mass of the bank slope.

It is worth noting that compared with the existing anti-seepage technology of the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station, especially compared with the roller compacted clay as the anti-seepage structure of the reservoir bank, the traditional roller compacted clay as the anti-seepage structure has a higher overall shear strength. The shortcomings of low and poor deformation resistance directly affect the impermeability and structural safety and durability of the overall structure. This embodiment adopts a structure combining asphalt concrete panels and clay, which greatly enhances the impermeability of the structure, and at the same time has the characteristics of low cost and convenient construction. At the same time, adding the ecological herb layer on this basis not only conforms to the concept of ecological development, but also has a certain restoration effect on the regional water ecological environment.

Therefore, the structure described in this embodiment can effectively improve the anti-seepage capability of the upper reservoir bank of the pumped-storage power station, and utilize the excellent anti-seepage performance of clay soil and the excellent anti-seepage performance and deformation ability of asphalt concrete panels. At the same time, the gravel-mixed clay layer and the vegetation soil layer can be well adapted to the construction of the reservoir bank, and the operability is relatively large, which ensures the overall construction quality and anti-seepage effect of the structure. At the same time, this structure also uses amphibious plants to purify water quality, and the plant root system can better consolidate the soil. As long as the quality of construction rolling and compaction can be ensured, the structure is not prone to cracks and large deformation, and the structural safety and durability can be guaranteed. The structure can effectively deal with the leakage problem caused by the dry-wet cycle which is faced by the current situation of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station.

Example 2:

The embodiment discloses the construction method of the ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station based on the embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

1) Construction of the crushed stone cushion layer 1: spread the crushed stone material on the water-facing side of the bank slope and smooth it, and then roll the laid crushed stone material. Specifically, the crushed stone cushion 1 should use well-distributed and unweathered gravel or crushed stone with a maximum particle size of less than or equal to 120 mm, and the cushion material should not contain impurities such as grass roots and garbage. After the gravel is evenly mixed according to the corresponding gradation, it is transported from the material yard to the construction site by means of transportation, and is paved by a grader. During the laying process, the flatness of the cushion should be controlled to ensure smoothness. No obvious segregation phenomenon. After that, the crushed stone is rolled to ensure the rolling quality.

2) The construction of the described gravel-filled clay layer 2: the clay material 8 and the gravel material 7 are mixed and mixed to obtain gravel-filled clay at a set ratio, and then the gravel-filled clay is spread on the gravel cushion 1 and layered. crush. Specifically, the clay material 8 is obtained from a nearby earth material yard, the gravel material 7 is produced and supplied by a manual processing system according to gradation, and the maximum particle size of the gravel is less than or equal to 120 mm. After the material preparation is completed, the gravel-mixed clay is mixed according to the corresponding proportion of clay material 8 and gravel material 7 to ensure that the clay and gravel in the gravel-mixed clay are evenly mixed, and then transported by the transport vehicle to the construction site. Too long to ensure that there is no obvious separation between the clay and the gravel. The gravel-mixed clay is transported to the construction site and unloaded by the occupancy method.

3) Construction of the leveling cementitious layer 3: paving cement mortar on the gravel-filled clay layer 2, rolling the paving layer after reaching the specified compaction and flatness, and applying the cement mortar to the paving layer. Carry out shaved treatment to ensure firm connection with the asphalt concrete panel layer 4. Among them, the cement mortar is poured into the paver for spreading forward.

4) Construction of the asphalt concrete panel layer 4: install a number of the reinforcing bars 13 at the corresponding positions, then spread the asphalt concrete mixture, and roll the paving layer after reaching the specified compaction and flatness, Several reinforcement bars 13 protrude out of the paving layer. Specifically, before pouring the asphalt concrete mixture into the transport vehicle, spray anti-adhesion agent in the vehicle to prevent the asphalt mixture from sticking to the transporter during transportation. In addition, the construction of the asphalt concrete panel layer has high requirements on temperature, and the loss of heat and the incorporation of other debris should be avoided during transportation. Before construction, the paver, heater and other equipment should be prepared. The prefabricated steel bars should be placed according to the design position, and then the asphalt concrete mixture should be poured into the paver hopper and the paving will begin. When the paving layer reaches the specified pressure. After the solidity and flatness, the asphalt concrete is rolled, and the rolling quality must be ensured during the rolling process. During the rolling process, pay attention to the treatment of the steel bar.

5) Construction of the vegetation soil layer 5: the clay is spread on the asphalt concrete panel layer 4 and rolled in layers, and the upper ends of several steel bars 13 are located in the rolled clay layer. Specifically, the vegetation soil layer 5 is unloaded by the advance method and the clay material is laid on the asphalt concrete panel layer. Note that the position of the steel bars needs to be supplemented by manual leveling and compaction during laying, and then smooth surface rolling is used. When the clay is rolled in layers, the positions of the upper and lower layers should be staggered.

6) Construction of described ecological herb layer 6: the soil of design thickness is spread on described vegetation soil layer 5, then polyethylene hexagonal grid 10 is spread on soil layer, and amphibian is planted in soil layer 11. Wherein, the soil used in this step is natural soil (farmland source soil) suitable for the growth of aquatic plants.

Example 3:

Referring to Fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses the ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, including a gravel cushion 1, a gravel-mixed clay layer 2, Leveling cementation layer 3, asphalt concrete panel layer 4, vegetation soil layer 5 and ecological herb layer 6.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the gravel-mixed clay layer 2 includes clay material 8 and gravel material 7 mixed and mixed in a predetermined proportion, and the leveling cementitious layer 3 is cement mortar laid on the gravel-mixed clay layer 2 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , the lower ends of several steel bars 13 are pre-buried in the asphalt concrete panel layer 4 , and the upper ends extend into the vegetation soil layer 5 .

The soil material of the vegetation soil layer 5 is clay. Referring to FIG. 3 , amphibians 11 are planted on the ecological herb layer 6 .

In this embodiment, an ecological herb layer is arranged on the upstream side of the bank slope, which can not only play an anti-seepage effect but also effectively protect the local ecological environment; the ecological herb layer is tiled with a hexagonal polyethylene grid, which can effectively prevent soil erosion; The asphalt concrete panel layer and the vegetation soil layer are connected by steel bars, and the connection between the flexible and rigid materials is firm and the deformation is reduced.

Example 4:

The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 3. Further, the maximum particle size of the crushed stone material of the crushed stone cushion layer 1 is less than or equal to 120 mm, and the maximum particle size of the gravel material 7 of the gravel-mixed clay layer 2 is less than or equal to 120 mm.

Example 5:

The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 3. Further, the surface of the ecological herb layer 6 is tiled with polyethylene hexagonal grids 10 .

Claims (5)

1. the ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, is characterized in that: comprise the described gravel cushion (1), the gravel-mixed clay layer (1) that are sequentially arranged on the water-facing side of the bank slope slope from inside to outside. 2), leveling cementitious layer (3), asphalt concrete face layer (4), vegetation soil layer (5) and ecological herb layer (6); The gravel-mixed clay layer (2) comprises a clay material (8) and a gravel material (7) that are mixed and mixed in a predetermined proportion, and the leveling cementitious layer (3) is cement laid on the gravel-mixed clay layer (2). mortar; The lower ends of a plurality of reinforcing bars (13) are pre-buried in the asphalt concrete panel layer (4), and the upper ends extend into the vegetation soil layer (5); The soil material of the vegetation soil layer (5) is clay, and amphibians (11) are planted on the ecological herb layer (6). 2. The ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: the maximum particle size of the crushed stone material of the crushed stone cushion (1) is less than or equal to 120mm, and the gravel-mixed clay The maximum particle size of the gravel material (7) of the layer (2) is less than or equal to 120 mm. 3. The ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the ecological herb layer (6) is tiled with polyethylene hexagonal grids (10). 4. The construction method of the ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: 1) Construction of the crushed stone cushion (1): spread the crushed stone material on the water-facing side of the bank slope and level it, and then roll the laid crushed stone material; 2) Construction of the gravel-mixed clay layer (2): the clay material (8) and the gravel material (7) are mixed and mixed according to a set ratio to obtain the gravel-mixed clay, and then the gravel-mixed clay is spread on the gravel cushion. (1) on and perform layered rolling; 3) Construction of the leveling cementitious layer (3): paving cement mortar on the gravel-mixed clay layer (2), and rolling after the paving layer reaches the specified compaction and flatness; 4) Construction of the asphalt concrete panel layer (4): install a number of the reinforcing bars (13) in the corresponding positions, and then spread the asphalt concrete mixture until the paving layer reaches the specified compactness and flatness. Rolling is performed, and several steel bars (13) protrude out of the paving layer; 5) the construction of described vegetation soil layer (5): clay is spread on described asphalt concrete panel layer (4) and rolled in layers, and the upper end of some reinforcing bars (13) is located in the clay layer after rolling; 6) the construction of described ecological herb layer (6): the soil of design thickness is spread on described vegetation soil layer (5), then polyethylene hexagonal grid (10) is spread on the soil layer, Plant amphibians (11) in the soil layer. 5. The construction method of the ecological anti-seepage bank slope structure of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station according to claim 4, characterized in that: after step 3), there is also a step of shaving the paving layer.

Images