CN114775072A - Polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device - Google Patents

Polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114775072A
CN114775072A CN202210516838.0A CN202210516838A CN114775072A CN 114775072 A CN114775072 A CN 114775072A CN 202210516838 A CN202210516838 A CN 202210516838A CN 114775072 A CN114775072 A CN 114775072A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cutting
end cover
electrode plate
fixing
fiber
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Pending
Application number
CN202210516838.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨卫民
王宇航
谭晶
李好义
丁玉梅
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Application filed by Beijing University of Chemical Technology filed Critical Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Priority to CN202210516838.0A priority Critical patent/CN114775072A/en
Publication of CN114775072A publication Critical patent/CN114775072A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/0023Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer melt
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0069Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0076Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid

Abstract

The invention discloses a polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device which consists of a plurality of units, wherein each unit consists of an extruder, a transfer block, an annular conical nozzle, a cyclone tube, an electrode plate, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, a roller, a guide wire fixing and cutting device, a bracket and a guide wire, the outlet end of the extruder is connected with the transfer block, the lower end of the transfer block is connected with the annular conical nozzle, and the nozzle is grounded. An electrode plate is arranged at the position 4-9cm under the spray head and is connected with a high-voltage electrostatic generator. The fiber produced by the annular conical nozzle has no defect on the surface, high strength of single fiber and high strength of formed yarn, no jet whip effect exists in the process of preparing melt fiber, and the annular distribution of the fiber is favorable for the controllable and uniform yarn formation of the fiber; the cyclone twisting process can realize in-situ yarn formation of the fiber and drafting attenuation of the fiber, the cyclone speed can be changed by adjusting the air pressure of compressed air injected into the cyclone pipe, and the adjustment and control of the yarn orientation and the twist can be realized by cooperating with the adjustment and control of the roller collecting speed.

Description

Polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a differential in-situ spinning device for a polymer melt, and belongs to the field of electrostatic spinning.
Background
The polymer electrostatic spinning nanofiber has excellent physicochemical properties brought by high specific surface area, and becomes a key material applied in the fields of medical and health protection, energy environmental protection, aerospace, biological medicine and the like. However, the electrospinning nanofiber preparation method has the problems of high jet speed, unstable jet (whip), poor controllability of jet quantity and fiber fineness, interference of ionized air and collected fiber surface charges and the like, and can only collect a thin layer of nano-film randomly, so that the application of the nano-film is limited to the fields of filtration, medical dressing, facial masks and the like which have low requirements on mechanical properties. Researchers have attempted to wind nanofiber assemblies into macroscopically oriented, microscopically random yarns by a variety of means. The nanofiber yarn can endow the nanofiber with functionality, and meanwhile, the mechanical property of a fiber aggregate can be improved, so that the processes of nanofiber yarn preparation and rear-end spinning are closely linked. Therefore, the preparation method of the nanofiber yarn is expected to greatly expand the application of the nanofiber from the field of functional non-woven fabrics to the high-precision fields of heart valve stents, high-performance antibacterial textiles, high-performance surgical sutures, high-sensitivity flexible sensing fabrics, flexible capacitors, nanofiber precursor tows and the like.
The existing preparation method of the nanofiber yarn is mainly realized by solution electrospinning jet accumulation and twisting, and can be divided into three types of mechanical (rotary) forced twisting, electric field flexible twisting and liquid vortex flexible twisting according to different twisting action modes. The mechanical rotary twisting has the advantage that the process parameters can be accurately adjusted, but because the jet speed is too high and the strength of single fiber is low, the mechanical twisting device cannot simultaneously consider the strength required by resultant yarn and the jet orientation collection speed, and therefore, the microcosmic fully oriented yarn is difficult to obtain. The electric field twisting nanofiber has the advantage of simple structure of the device, but the micro-morphology of the twisted yarn is still fluffy and randomly oriented, and the entanglement among the fibers is easy to loosen. Liquid vortex twisting to yarn is the use of a vortex of water or an aqueous dispersion to twist fibers to yarn. The method is novel in thought and simple in structure, but the process controllability needs to be improved. Therefore, innovative research is carried out around the preparation of nano fiber yarns at home and abroad, but the significant problems of high-efficiency fiber forming and controllable yarn forming exist: (1) the capillary needle electrostatic spinning is adopted, so that the problems of low efficiency and blockage exist, the continuous stability of yarn preparation is further influenced (2) because the jet whipping and high jet speed of the solution electrostatic spinning are difficult to match with the jet speed, the macro orientation of the obtained yarn is difficult to match with the micro random, and the yarn strength is weakened. In addition, the phase separation of the solvent causes micro-porous defects on the fiber surface, impairing the yarn strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device, which utilizes an annular conical nozzle to differentially prepare melt fibers and realizes the controllable preparation of oriented high-strength nanofiber yarns by twisting the fibers in situ through gas vortex.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device consists of a plurality of units, wherein each unit consists of an extruder, a transfer block, an annular conical nozzle, a cyclone tube, an electrode plate, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, a roller, a guide wire fixing and cutting device, a bracket and a guide wire, the extruder is fixed by the bracket, the outlet end of the extruder is connected with the transfer block, the lower end of the transfer block is connected with the annular conical nozzle, and the nozzle is grounded. An electrode plate is arranged 4-9cm under the spray head and connected with a high-voltage electrostatic generator, and the electrode plate is provided with a central hole. The cyclone tube is coaxial with the electrode plate and is positioned below the electrode plate, the electrode plate can be supported to be horizontally placed, and the cyclone tube is fixed by the bracket. The guide wire fixing and cutting device is positioned below the cyclone tube and is fixed by the bracket. The roller is positioned right in front of the electrode plate and is fixed by a bracket.
The invention relates to an annular conical nozzle of a polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device, which consists of a nozzle shell and a mandrel. The lower end of the nozzle shell is a conical tip, the angle of the tip can be 5-75 degrees, the tip is easy to generate charge concentration under a high-voltage electric field, so that the melt is polarized and differentiated, and melt fibers which are uniformly distributed annularly are formed.
The cyclone tube of the polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device consists of an upper end cover, a bolt, a rubber gasket, a lower end cover and a nut. A rubber gasket is arranged between the upper end cover and the lower end cover to seal the cyclone tube, and the upper end cover, the lower end cover and the rubber gasket are fixedly installed through bolts and nuts. The upper end cover and the lower end cover both contain four grooves tangent to the central tube, the width of the upper end cover groove gradually narrows inwards along the radial direction, and the depth of the groove also gradually becomes shallow. The width of the groove of the lower end cover is gradually narrowed inwards along the radial direction, but the depth of the groove is gradually deepened. After the upper end cover and the lower end cover are fixedly installed, the grooves in the two end covers form holes with gradually narrowed width and inclined downwards in direction. When compressed air is injected into the cyclone tube, the compressed air is ejected along the holes to form tangential airflow, and further form cyclone. And the gradually narrowed holes can increase the speed of tangential airflow and improve the cyclone effect.
The invention relates to a guide wire fixing and cutting device of a polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device, which consists of a chute, a fixing spring, a fixing slide block, a cutting spring, a cutting slide block, a fixing buckle and a cutting buckle. The sliding chute is internally provided with a fixing spring and a cutting spring, one end of the fixing spring is connected to the end face inside the sliding chute, and the other end of the fixing spring is connected with the fixed sliding block respectively. One end of a spring for cutting is connected to the inner end face of the sliding groove, and the other end of the spring for cutting is connected with the cutting sliding block. Two sliders are all in the spout, have terminal bellied rectangular structure on the slider, pull out spout one end distance back with two kinds of sliders, and this structure can block the slider under the combined action of elastic stress and spring force, and it is called fixed the knot on fixed slider, is called cutting on the cutting slider and detains. The fixing buckle on the sliding block close to the yarn inlet hole is pressed, the fixing sliding block can rapidly slide to the bottom of the sliding groove under the tension of the fixing spring, the guide yarn is clamped, and the guide yarn is prevented from being twisted off by cyclone in the spinning preparation stage. The cutting slide block is provided with a conical sharp angle. When the cutting button near the filament exit hole is pressed, the cutting slide is quickly pulled back, thereby cutting off the guide filament.
The invention relates to a method for using a polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device, which comprises the following steps: 1. the guide wire passes through the guide wire fixing and cutting device, is drawn to the upper part of the cyclone tube from the lower part of the cyclone tube, and is finally connected to the roller. 2. The guide wire is fixed by pressing down the fixing buckle. 3. Compressed air is injected into the cyclone tube, and cyclone is generated in the tube. 4. Starting the extruder, starting the high-voltage electrostatic generator after the melt is uniformly distributed on the conical tip of the annular conical nozzle, so that the nozzle generates fibers uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the fibers are sucked into the cyclone tube by negative pressure generated by cyclone. 5. And pressing down the cutting button to cut off the guide wire, starting the roller to draw the guide wire, gathering and twisting the fibers under the cyclone action to form yarn, drawing the yarn onto the roller by the guide wire to collect, and realizing the preparation of the nanofiber yarn.
The polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device has the advantages that: 1. the fiber surface generated by the annular conical nozzle is free of defects, the strength of single fiber is high, and the strength of formed yarn is high. 2. The process of preparing melt fiber by electrostatic spinning differential of the annular conical surface nozzle has no jet whip effect, and the fiber is annularly distributed to facilitate controllable and uniform yarn formation of the fiber. 3. The cyclone twisting process can realize in-situ yarn formation of the fiber and drafting attenuation of the fiber. 4. The speed of the cyclone can be changed by adjusting the air pressure of the compressed air injected into the cyclone tube, and the regulation of the yarn orientation and the twist can be realized by cooperating with the regulation of the collecting speed of the roller.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a polymer melt differential in-situ spinning apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an annular conical nozzle of the polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a cyclone tube of the polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper end cover of the cyclone tube shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower end cover of the cyclone tube shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a guide wire fixing and cutting device of the polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the nanofiber yarn preparing process of the polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-extruder; 2, a transfer block; 3-annular conical surface spray head; 3-1-a nozzle housing; 3-2-mandrel; 3-cone tip; 4, a cyclone tube; 4-1-upper end cover; 4-2-bolt; 4-3-rubber gasket; 4-lower end cover; 4-5-a central tube; 4-6-nut; 4-7-upper end cover groove; 4-8-lower end cap recess; 5, electrode plates; 6-high voltage electrostatic generator; 7-a roller; 8, fixing a cutting device by a guide wire; 8-1-chute; 8-2-a spring for fixing; 8-3-fixed slide block; 8-4-spring for cutting; 8-5-cutting the slide block; 8-6-fixing buckle; 8-7-cutting and buckling; 9-a bracket; 10-a guide wire; 11-yarn.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device is shown in figure 1 and consists of a plurality of units, wherein each unit consists of an extruder 1, a switching block 2, an annular conical nozzle 3, a cyclone tube 4, an electrode plate 5, a high-voltage electrostatic generator 6, a roller 7, a guide wire fixing and cutting device 8, a bracket 9 and a guide wire 10. The extruder 1 is fixed by a support 9, the outlet end of the extruder is connected with a switching block 2, the lower end of the switching block 2 is connected with an annular conical surface nozzle 3, and the annular conical surface nozzle 3 is grounded. The annular conical nozzle 3 is composed of a nozzle shell 3-1 and a mandrel 3-2, as shown in fig. 2. The lower end of the nozzle shell 3-1 is a conical tip 3-3, and the angle of the tip can be from 5 degrees to 75 degrees. An electrode plate 5 is arranged 4-9cm under the spray head 3. The electrode plate 5 is connected with a high-voltage electrostatic generator 6. The electrode plate 5 has a central hole. The cyclone tube 4 is coaxial with the electrode plate 5 and is positioned below the electrode plate 5, the electrode plate 5 can be supported to be horizontally placed, and the cyclone tube 4 is fixed by a support 9. The cyclone tube 4 is composed of an upper end cover 4-1, a bolt 4-2, a rubber gasket 4-3, a lower end cover 4-4 and a nut 4-6 as shown in figures 3-5. A rubber gasket 4-3 is arranged between the upper end cover 4-1 and the lower end cover 4-4 to seal the cyclone tube 4, and the upper end cover 4-1, the lower end cover 4-4 and the rubber gasket 4-3 are fixedly installed through a bolt 4-2 and a nut 4-6. The upper end cover 4-1 and the lower end cover 4-4 are internally provided with four grooves tangent to the central pipe 4-5, the width of the upper end cover groove 4-7 is gradually narrowed inwards along the radial direction, and the depth of the upper end cover groove 4-7 is also gradually shallow. The width of the lower end cap groove 4-8 gradually narrows radially inward, but the depth of the lower end cap groove 4-8 gradually becomes deeper. When the upper end cover 4-1 and the lower end cover 4-2 are installed and fixed, the grooves in the two end covers form holes which gradually narrow in width and incline downwards. The guide wire fixing and cutting device 8 is positioned below the cyclone tube 4 and fixed by a bracket 9. The guide wire fixing and cutting device 8 is composed of a chute 8-1, a fixing spring 8-2, a fixing slide block 8-3, a cutting spring 8-4, a cutting slide block 8-5, a fixing buckle 8-6 and a cutting buckle 8-7, as shown in fig. 6. A fixing spring 8-2 and a cutting spring 8-4 are arranged in the chute 8-1, one end of the fixing spring 8-2 is connected with the inner end face of the chute 8-1, and the other end is connected with the fixed slide block 8-3. One end of a spring 8-4 for cutting is connected with the inner end surface of the chute 8-1, and the other end is connected with a cutting slide block 8-5. A fixing buckle 8-6 is arranged on the fixed sliding block 8-3, a cutting buckle 8-7 is arranged on the cutting sliding block 8-5, and one side of the cutting sliding block 8-5 is a conical surface sharp corner. The roller 7 is positioned right in front of the electrode plate 5 and is fixed by a bracket 9.
The invention relates to a method for using a polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device, which comprises the following steps: 1. the guide wire 10 is passed through the guide wire fixed cutting device 8, drawn from below the cyclone tube 4 to above the cyclone tube 4, and finally attached to the roller 7. 2. The guide wire 10 is fixed by pressing down the fixing button 8-6. 3. Compressed air is injected into the cyclone tube 4, and cyclone is generated in the tube. 4. Starting the extruder 1, starting the high-voltage electrostatic generator 6 after the melt is uniformly distributed on the conical tip 3-3 of the annular conical nozzle 3, generating fibers uniformly distributed in the annular direction by the nozzle 3, and sucking the fibers into the cyclone tube 6 by negative pressure generated by cyclone. 5. Pressing down the cutting button 8-7, cutting off the guide wire 10, starting the roller 7 to draw the guide wire 10, gathering and twisting fibers under the cyclone effect to form a yarn 11, drawing the yarn onto the roller 7 by the guide wire 10 for collection, and realizing the preparation of the nanofiber yarn 11, wherein the schematic diagram of the preparation process is shown in fig. 7.

Claims (3)

1. The polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device is composed of a plurality of units and is characterized in that: each unit consists of an extruder, a transfer block, an annular conical nozzle, a cyclone tube, an electrode plate, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, a roller, a guide wire fixing and cutting device, a bracket and a guide wire, wherein the extruder is fixed by the bracket, the outlet end of the extruder is connected with the transfer block, the lower end of the transfer block is connected with the annular conical nozzle, and the nozzle is grounded; an electrode plate is arranged at a position 4-9cm under the spray head and is connected with a high-voltage electrostatic generator, and the electrode plate is provided with a central hole; the cyclone tube is coaxial with the electrode plate and is positioned below the electrode plate, and can support the electrode plate to be horizontally placed, and the cyclone tube is fixed by the bracket; the guide wire fixing and cutting device is positioned below the cyclone tube and is fixed by the bracket; the roller is positioned right in front of the electrode plate and is fixed by the bracket; the cyclone tube consists of an upper end cover, a bolt, a rubber gasket, a lower end cover and a nut; a rubber gasket is arranged between the upper end cover and the lower end cover to seal the cyclone tube, and the upper end cover, the lower end cover and the rubber gasket are fixedly installed through bolts and nuts; the upper end cover and the lower end cover both contain four grooves tangent to the central tube, the width of the grooves of the upper end cover gradually narrows inwards along the radial direction, and the depth of the grooves also gradually becomes shallow; the width of the groove of the lower end cover is gradually narrowed inwards along the radial direction, but the depth of the groove is gradually deepened; after the upper end cover and the lower end cover are fixedly installed, the grooves in the two end covers form holes with gradually narrowed width and inclined downwards in direction.
2. The polymer melt differential in situ spinning apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the annular conical nozzle consists of a nozzle shell and a mandrel, wherein the lower end of the nozzle shell is a conical tip, and the angle of the conical tip can be 5-75 degrees.
3. The polymer melt differential in situ spinning apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the guide wire fixing and cutting device consists of a chute, a fixing spring, a fixing slide block, a cutting spring, a cutting slide block, a fixing buckle and a cutting buckle, wherein the fixing spring and the cutting spring are arranged in the chute; one end of the cutting spring is connected with the inner end face of the sliding chute, and the other end of the cutting spring is connected with the cutting sliding block; the two sliding blocks are arranged in the sliding groove, the sliding blocks are provided with long strip structures with protruding tail ends, after the two sliding blocks are pulled out of one end of the sliding groove for a distance, the sliding blocks can be clamped by the structures under the combined action of elastic stress and spring elasticity, the fixed sliding blocks are called fixed buckles, and the cutting sliding blocks are called cutting buckles; the fixing buckle on the sliding block close to the screw inlet hole is pressed, and the fixing sliding block can rapidly slide to the bottom of the sliding chute under the tension of the fixing spring and clamp the guide screw; the cutting slide block is provided with a conical sharp corner, the cutting buckle close to the wire outlet hole is pressed down, the cutting slide block is quickly pulled back, and the guide wire is cut off.
CN202210516838.0A 2022-05-12 2022-05-12 Polymer melt differential in-situ spinning device Pending CN114775072A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116534355A (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-08-04 徐州美亚纺织有限公司 Automatic yarn barrel packaging equipment

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CN210506936U (en) * 2019-07-31 2020-05-12 常熟市润赢纺织技术有限公司 Yarn cutting device for spinning
CN210651970U (en) * 2019-08-01 2020-06-02 肖睿 Novel thread laying head
CN111801912A (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-10-20 谷歌有限责任公司 Operating a door of a smart home by user detection at various stages
CN215516149U (en) * 2021-07-14 2022-01-14 高巍 Wire winding device for power transmission

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1660221A1 (en) * 1966-05-14 1971-05-06 Barmag Barmer Maschf Manufacture of handy straps made of synthetic materials
CN102803585A (en) * 2010-02-15 2012-11-28 康奈尔大学 Electrospinning apparatus and nanofibers produced therefrom
WO2012083318A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-28 Lenzing Ag Fireproof cellulosic man-made fibers
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CN103668486A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-03-26 北京化工大学 Outer conical surface type electrostatic spinning sprayer assisted by airflow
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CN210651970U (en) * 2019-08-01 2020-06-02 肖睿 Novel thread laying head
CN215516149U (en) * 2021-07-14 2022-01-14 高巍 Wire winding device for power transmission

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116534355A (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-08-04 徐州美亚纺织有限公司 Automatic yarn barrel packaging equipment
CN116534355B (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-11-14 徐州美亚纺织有限公司 Automatic yarn barrel packaging equipment

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Application publication date: 20220722