CN114774748B - High-toughness tungsten-based alloy, preparation process and application thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness tungsten-based alloy, preparation process and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-toughness tungsten-based alloy, a preparation process and application thereof, wherein the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy comprises tungsten, lanthanum oxide and trace impurities, the content of the tungsten is not less than 98wt%, the content of the lanthanum oxide is not more than 1wt%, and the balance is the impurities; the preparation process of the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy comprises the following steps: intermittently high-speed rolling the billet with the diameter not smaller than 40mm to a tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6mm, and carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the billet after each high-speed rolling; the tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6mm is subjected to multiple rotary forging processes to prepare the tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5mm-3.5 mm; drawing the tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5-3.5 mm to a tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm, wherein the average crystal grain of the tungsten wire is 0.4-1.2 mu m, and the beneficial effects are that: a small amount of lanthanum oxide is added into the tungsten-based alloy, the lanthanum oxide is in a dispersion particle form and is used as second phase particles of the tungsten-based alloy, the lanthanum oxide can prevent grain boundary sliding in the tungsten-based alloy, the effects of refining grain size and strengthening tungsten grain stability in the processing process of the tungsten-based alloy wire are achieved, and the strength and toughness of the tungsten-based alloy are enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tungsten alloy materials, in particular to a high-toughness tungsten-based alloy, a preparation process and application thereof.
Background
Pure tungsten has the characteristics of low-temperature brittleness and poor uniformity of grain structure, so that the tungsten material has insufficient strength, and particularly has the defects of insufficient strength, easy deformation and non-compression resistance after material is prepared into a wire shape and a blade shape.
The high frequency ablation electrode is applied to the head of the surgical knife, typically in the form of a tip or blade; compared with the traditional mechanical surgical knife, the high-frequency ablation electrode has the characteristics of high cutting speed, good hemostatic effect, safety and convenience, and can be used for greatly shortening the operation time and reducing the blood loss and blood transfusion of patients in clinic, thereby reducing complications and operation cost.
The traditional high-frequency ablation electrode is made of steel, is easy to ablate, and is not durable in long-time large-scale operation; in order to solve the problem, a high-frequency ablation electrode made of tungsten material is developed, and the electrode has the advantages of fine cutting, accurate hemostasis, low using power, small tissue thermal damage, capability of independently completing all excision work of partial tissues of a patient, flexible operation and the like.
However, the defect of the existing pure tungsten can influence the application of the tungsten material in the aspect of the high-frequency ablation electrode, the tip part or the blade part of the high-frequency ablation electrode of the existing tungsten material is easy to be lost, and the toughness is insufficient, so that the high-frequency ablation electrode has short service life, the electrode is easy to fail, and the popularization and the application of the high-frequency ablation electrode are influenced.
In view of this, it is necessary to develop a high-toughness tungsten-based alloy material and a preparation process thereof, so as to improve the strength performance of the tungsten-based alloy, to meet the requirements of the high-frequency ablation electrode, and to improve the service life of the high-frequency ablation electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a high-toughness tungsten-based alloy, a preparation process and application thereof, wherein the high-toughness and bending-resistant tungsten-based alloy is prepared by adding a certain proportion of lanthanum oxide into pure tungsten and adopting processes such as rolling and the like.
The first object of the present invention is to develop a high toughness tungsten-based alloy.
The second object of the present invention is to develop a use of a high toughness tungsten-based alloy.
The third object of the invention is to develop a preparation process of the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy.
In order to achieve the first object, the present invention provides a high-toughness tungsten-based alloy comprising tungsten, lanthanum oxide and trace impurities, wherein the content of tungsten is not less than 98% by weight, the content of lanthanum oxide is not more than 1% by weight, and the balance is impurities.
Preferably, the tungsten has an average grain size of 0.4 μm to 1.2 μm.
In order to achieve the second object, the present invention provides an application of the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy, wherein the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy is applied to a medical high-frequency ablation electrode.
In order to achieve the third object, the present invention provides a process for preparing a high-toughness tungsten-based alloy, comprising the steps of:
intermittently high-speed rolling a billet with the diameter not smaller than 40mm to a tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6mm, and carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the billet after each high-speed rolling, wherein the content of lanthanum oxide in the billet is not higher than 1 wt%;
the tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6mm is subjected to multiple rotary forging processes to prepare the tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5mm-3.5 mm;
drawing the tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5mm-3.5mm to a tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm, wherein the average crystal grain of the tungsten wire is 0.4 mu m-1.2 mu m.
Preferably, the preparation of the billet comprises the following steps:
preparing ammonium paratungstate powder into tungsten powder by high-temperature hydrogen reduction, adding lanthanum oxide powder with the content not higher than 1% by weight into the tungsten powder, and uniformly mixing;
the tungsten powder is subjected to isostatic pressing to prepare a pressed strip with the diameter not smaller than 45 mm;
the pressed strip is sintered for at least 12 hours at the medium frequency of 1800-2000 ℃ to prepare the billet with the diameter of not less than 40 mm.
Preferably, the intermittent high-speed rolling includes the steps of:
the billet is rolled for the first time to prepare a first tungsten rod with the diameter of 25mm-27 mm;
the first tungsten rod is subjected to medium-frequency annealing for 2-4 hours at 1800-2000 ℃ to prepare a second tungsten rod;
the second tungsten rod is rolled for the second time to prepare a third tungsten rod with the diameter of 10mm-12 mm;
the third tungsten rod is subjected to intermediate frequency annealing at 2000-2200 ℃ with the annealing speed of 0.15-0.25 m/min to prepare a fourth tungsten rod;
the fourth tungsten rod is rolled for the third time to prepare a fifth tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6 mm;
and carrying out intermediate frequency annealing on the fifth tungsten rod at 1600-1800 ℃ at the annealing speed of 0.5-1.5 m/min to obtain a sixth tungsten rod.
Preferably, the isostatic pressing process pressure is 180 MPa-220 MPa.
Preferably, the high temperature hydrogen reduction temperature is 800 ℃ to 1100 ℃, the purity of the hydrogen is 99.99 percent, and the reduction time is 3 to 5 hours.
Preferably, the average crystal grain of the second tungsten rod is 12-30 μm, the average crystal grain of the fourth tungsten rod is 8-25 μm, and the average crystal grain of the sixth tungsten rod is 8-18 μm.
Preferably, the number of times of the rotary forging is four.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The lanthanum oxide is added into the tungsten-based alloy in a small amount, the lanthanum oxide is taken as second phase particles of the tungsten-based alloy in a form of dispersed particles, the dispersed particles of the lanthanum oxide are uniformly and orderly distributed in the tungsten-based alloy, the dispersed particles of the lanthanum oxide can prevent the sliding of crystal boundaries in the tungsten-based alloy, the effects of obviously refining the crystal grain size and strengthening the stability of the tungsten crystal grains are achieved in the processing process of the tungsten-based alloy wire, and the strength performance and the toughness of the tungsten-based alloy are enhanced.
(2) The blank with the diameter not smaller than 40mm is subjected to intermittent high-speed rolling, medium-frequency annealing, multi-channel rotary satin and drawing processing, so that the diameter of tungsten alloy is continuously reduced, the size of tungsten crystal is continuously reduced and homogenized, and finally the tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm is prepared, the average crystal grain of the tungsten wire is processed from the initial 20-40 mu m to 0.4-1.2 mu m, the average crystal grain is reduced in a gradient manner, the distribution of the crystal grain is more uniform, the condition that the tungsten wire is broken due to uneven distribution of the crystal grain in the drawing process is reduced, and the bending resistance times of the tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm can reach 11 times to 12 times under the reinforcing effect of dispersed particles by combining lanthanum oxide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a table of specific compositions of tungsten-based alloys of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process for preparing a high toughness tungsten-based alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a process for preparing a billet according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a batch high speed rolling process of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a chart showing comparison of bending times for the examples and comparative examples of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an electron microscope image of a tungsten filament of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the present invention, and functional, method, or structural equivalents and alternatives according to the embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a high-toughness tungsten-based alloy, which comprises tungsten, lanthanum oxide and trace impurities, wherein the content of the tungsten is not less than 98% by weight, the content of the lanthanum oxide is not more than 1% by weight, and the balance is impurities.
Specifically, a small amount of lanthanum oxide is added into the tungsten-based alloy, the specific composition table is shown in fig. 1, the lanthanum oxide content is preferably 0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8% and 1%, substances such as potassium, aluminum and silicon are not contained in impurities, the lanthanum oxide is taken as second phase particles of the tungsten-based alloy in a dispersion particle form, the lanthanum oxide dispersion particles are uniformly and orderly distributed in the tungsten-based alloy, the lanthanum oxide dispersion particles can prevent the sliding of crystal boundaries in the tungsten-based alloy, the effects of obviously thinning the crystal grain size and strengthening the stability of tungsten crystal grains are achieved in the processing process of tungsten-based alloy wires, and the strength performance and toughness of the tungsten-based alloy are enhanced.
As a preferred embodiment, the average grain size of tungsten is 0.4 μm to 1.2 μm, and when the average grain size of tungsten is 0.4 μm to 1.2 μm, specifically, when the average grain size of tungsten is 0.4 μm, 0.65, 0.8 μm, 0.95 μm, a tungsten-based alloy is ensured to have a high strength by equiaxed fine grains; the base strength of the tungsten-based alloy is ensured by adopting fine grains, lanthanum oxide is added as dispersion particles, and dispersion strengthening is performed, so that the sliding difficulty between grain boundaries in the tungsten-based alloy is increased, and the strength performance and toughness of the tungsten-based alloy are further enhanced.
Example 2
This example discloses the use of a high toughness tungsten-based alloy as described in example 1 for medical high frequency ablation electrodes.
Specifically, unlike conventional steel ablation electrodes, the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy high-frequency ablation electrode is applied to the head part of a surgical knife, and usually exists in the form of a tip or a blade, wherein the size of the tip or the blade is in a micron-sized size, and when the tissue is cut, the tip or the blade needs to have considerable toughness so as to meet the requirement of the ablation electrode; the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy high-frequency ablation electrode has the characteristics of high cutting speed, good hemostatic effect, simplicity in operation, safety and convenience, and meanwhile, the electrode has the properties of high strength and high toughness, and is not easy to wear; the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy high-frequency ablation electrode can realize minimally invasive, fine and efficient cutting of the skin and various soft tissues of a patient, and can also greatly reduce bleeding; the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy high-frequency ablation electrode has the advantages of increasing the use times, prolonging the service life, being beneficial to popularization and application of the high-frequency ablation electrode and reducing the use cost of a patient.
The application of the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy disclosed in this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, please refer to embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 3
This example discloses a process for preparing a high toughness tungsten-based alloy.
The preparation process of the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy, see fig. 2, comprises the following steps:
s1, rolling a billet with the diameter not smaller than 40mm to a tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6mm at high speed intermittently, and carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the billet after each high-speed rolling, wherein the content of lanthanum oxide in the billet is not higher than 1 wt%. Specifically, the tungsten content is not lower than 98% by weight, the lanthanum oxide content is not higher than 1% by weight, and the intermittent high-speed rolling means discontinuous multi-pass high-speed rolling, and the billet is subjected to high-temperature annealing treatment after each pass of rolling; the intermittent high-speed rolling is specifically to roll a billet with the diameter not smaller than 40mm into a tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6mm, wherein the deformation ratio is 85% -87.5%; in the high-speed rolling process, the average grain size of tungsten can be gradually reduced, and particularly, the tungsten rod is prepared by gradually rolling the initial average grain size of 20-40 mu m to 8-18 mu m; a small amount of lanthanum oxide is added into the tungsten-based alloy, the lanthanum oxide takes the form of dispersed particles as second phase particles of the tungsten-based alloy, the dispersed particles of lanthanum oxide are uniformly and orderly distributed in the tungsten-based alloy, the dispersed particles of lanthanum oxide can prevent the sliding of crystal boundaries in the tungsten-based alloy, the effects of obviously refining the crystal grain size and strengthening the stability of tungsten crystal grains are achieved in the processing process of the tungsten-based alloy wire, and the strength performance and toughness of the tungsten-based alloy are enhanced; the impurities contained in the billet are free of substances such as potassium, aluminum and silicon, and the uniformity of tungsten-based alloy grains can be affected by the existence of the impurities, so that the tungsten wire is easy to break in the subsequent process of drawing the tungsten wire.
It should be further noted that, referring to fig. 3, the preparation of the blank strip includes the following steps:
s11, preparing tungsten powder from ammonium paratungstate powder through high-temperature hydrogen reduction, adding lanthanum oxide powder with the content not higher than 1% by weight into the tungsten powder, and uniformly mixing. Specifically, the ammonium paratungstate powder is prepared into tungsten powder through high-temperature hydrogen reduction, in order to increase the purity of the tungsten powder, the number of times of high-temperature hydrogen reduction is at least 1, the temperature of high-temperature hydrogen reduction is 800-1100 ℃, the purity of hydrogen is 99.99%, and the reduction time is 3-5 h, but the cost for preparing the tungsten powder cannot be born with the increase of the number of times; impurities are indispensible in the prepared tungsten powder, but substances such as potassium, aluminum, silicon and the like are not contained in the impurities, so that the strength of the tungsten-based alloy is not influenced by the impurities, and the strength of the tungsten-based alloy is not influenced; the addition amount of lanthanum oxide is not higher than 1% by weight, and the specific addition amount is shown in FIG. 1.
And S12, preparing the tungsten powder into a pressed strip with the diameter not smaller than 45mm through an isostatic pressing process. Specifically, after uniformly mixing tungsten powder and lanthanum oxide, preparing a pressed strip with the diameter not smaller than 45mm through an isostatic pressing process, wherein the diameter of the pressed strip is preferably 45-47 mm, the specific isostatic pressing pressure is 180-220 MPa, and 180MPa, 200MPa and 220MPa can be selected specifically.
S13, sintering the pressed strip at the intermediate frequency of 1800-2000 ℃ for at least 12 hours to prepare a billet with the diameter of not less than 40 mm. Specifically, after intermediate frequency sintering, the pressed strip is manufactured into a blank strip, and the blank strip is provided for the subsequent intermittent high-speed rolling step.
It should be further noted that, referring to fig. 4, the intermittent high-speed rolling includes the steps of:
and S14, rolling the blank strip for the first time to prepare a first tungsten rod with the diameter of 25-27 mm. Specifically, the deformation rate of the blank strip rolled to the first tungsten rod is 32.5% -37.5%; the sintered billet is rolled with rapid large deformation, so that the finer structure of tungsten rod grains is ensured, and the bending resistance of the tungsten-based alloy is improved; in addition, the existence of lanthanum oxide is favorable for refining the tungsten grain size and further improving the toughness of the tungsten-based alloy.
And S15, carrying out intermediate frequency annealing on the first tungsten rod at 1800-2000 ℃ for 2-4 h to obtain a second tungsten rod. Specifically, the annealing recrystallization ensures that the uniformity of the grain structure of the tungsten rod is better, the average grain size of the second tungsten rod is reduced to 12-30 mu m, the intermediate frequency annealing is performed on the first tungsten rod, the annealing depth of the intermediate frequency annealing is large, and the softness of the second tungsten rod is increased after annealing, so that the subsequent rolling processing is facilitated.
And S16, rolling the second tungsten rod for the second time to prepare a third tungsten rod with the diameter of 10mm-12 mm. Specifically, the deformation rate from the second tungsten rod to the third tungsten rod is 50% -63%; the second tungsten rod rolling is used for rolling with high deformation, so that the finer structure of tungsten rod grains is ensured, and the bending resistance of the tungsten-based alloy is improved; in addition, the existence of lanthanum oxide is favorable for refining the tungsten grain size and further improving the toughness of the tungsten-based alloy.
And S17, carrying out intermediate frequency annealing on the third tungsten rod at 2000-2200 ℃ at an annealing speed of 0.15-0.25 m/min to obtain a fourth tungsten rod. Specifically, the annealing recrystallization ensures that the uniformity of the grain structure of the tungsten rod is better, the average grain size of the fourth tungsten rod is reduced to 8-25 mu m, the third tungsten rod is annealed at the medium frequency, the annealing depth of the medium frequency annealing is large, and the softness of the fourth tungsten rod is increased after annealing, so that the subsequent rolling processing is facilitated.
And S18, rolling the fourth tungsten rod for the third time to prepare a fifth tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6 mm. Specifically, the deformation rate from the fourth tungsten rod to the fifth tungsten rod is 50% -58%; the fourth tungsten rod rolling is used for rolling with high deformation, so that the finer structure of tungsten rod grains is ensured, and the bending resistance of the tungsten-based alloy is improved; in addition, the existence of lanthanum oxide is favorable for refining the tungsten grain size and further improving the toughness of the tungsten-based alloy.
And S19, carrying out intermediate frequency annealing on the fifth tungsten rod at the temperature of 1600-1800 ℃ at the annealing speed of 0.5-1.5 m/min to obtain a sixth tungsten rod. Specifically, the grain structure uniformity of the tungsten rod is better through annealing and recrystallization, the average grain size of the sixth tungsten rod is reduced to 8-18 mu m, the fifth tungsten rod is annealed at the medium frequency, the annealing depth of the medium frequency annealing is large, and the softness of the fourth tungsten rod is increased after annealing, so that the subsequent continuous processing is facilitated.
After the three high-speed rolling and the three annealing treatments, the average crystal grain of the tungsten rod is gradually reduced to 8-18 mu m, and the crystal grain structure is uniform, so that preparation is made for subsequent further processing; the deformation rate of each high-speed rolling is strictly controlled, so that the gradient of the crystal grains of the tungsten-based alloy is reduced, the distribution of the crystal grains is more uniform, and the tungsten-based alloy is prevented from being broken easily when being drawn into tungsten wires in the follow-up process.
S2, performing multiple rotary forging processing on the tungsten rod with the diameter of 5-6 mm to prepare the tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5-3.5 mm. Specifically, the tungsten rod obtained in the step S1 is processed by a plurality of rotary satins to prepare a tungsten rod with a finer diameter, so that the average grain size of the tungsten rod is further reduced. As a preferred embodiment, the number of times of the rotary forging is four, taking a tungsten rod with a diameter of 6mm as an example, the diameter of the tungsten rod in the rotary satin processing process is changed as follows, the first rotary satin is processed from a rotary satin with a diameter of 6mm to 5.3mm, the second rotary satin is processed from a rotary satin with a diameter of 5.3mm to 4.5mm, the third rotary satin is processed from a rotary satin with a diameter of 4.5mm to 3.7mm, and the fourth rotary satin is processed from a rotary satin with a diameter of 3.7mm to 3mm; the rotary forging processing has the characteristics of multidirectional forging and pulse forging in the process, and the tungsten rod is subjected to the action of three-way compressive stress, so that the diameter of the tungsten rod is linearly changed from a rotary satin with the diameter of 5mm-6mm to a rotary satin with the diameter of 2.5mm-3.5mm, the grain size of the tungsten rod is gradually reduced, and the grain size is more uniform; the deformation rate of each rotary satin is tightly controlled, so that the gradient of crystal grains of the tungsten-based alloy is reduced, and the distribution of the crystal grains is more uniform, so that the tungsten-based alloy is prevented from being easily broken when being drawn into tungsten wires in the follow-up process.
And S3, drawing the tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5-3.5 mm to a tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm, wherein the average crystal grain of the tungsten wire is 0.4-1.2 mu m. Specifically, in order to prevent the breakage of the tungsten wire during drawing, after a tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5mm-3.5mm is subjected to multiple-pass rotary satin, the average crystal grain is fine and uniform, which provides possibility for drawing the tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm, otherwise, the breakage of the drawing is easy to cause due to the fact that the average crystal grain size of the tungsten rod is too large or uneven; the tungsten rod is further drawn, so that on one hand, the tungsten rod is changed into a tungsten wire with a finer diameter, preparation is made for manufacturing a high-frequency ablation electrode, and on the other hand, the tungsten rod is drawn to have smaller evaluation grain size, and particularly, the average grain size of the tungsten wire is reduced to 0.4-1.2 mu m; subsequently, grinding, polishing, straightening and cutting the tungsten wire, and then, manufacturing a high-frequency ablation electrode; after the tungsten wire with the average grain size reduced to 0.4-1.2 μm is processed later, the tungsten wire is used as the tip or the blade part of the ablation electrode, and the small and uniform tungsten grains are the basis for keeping the toughness of the tip or the blade part of the ablation electrode, wherein the toughness is based on the bending resistance times of 90 degrees due to the fact that the size of the tip or the blade part of the ablation electrode is in a micron level.
In order to further illustrate the implementation effect of the preparation process of the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy, fig. 5 shows the influence table of the tungsten-based alloy components, the average grain size and the processing process on the bending resistance times of the tungsten wire, and the tungsten-based alloy can be produced from the table, for example, 1, the bending resistance times are 6 due to the excessively high impurity content, and the performance is general; example 2 tungsten has high purity and average grain size of 0.65 μm, compact and uniform grain structure, bending resistance of 11 times, better performance, and electron microscope picture of tungsten filament see figure 6; example 3 has higher tungsten purity but lower lanthanum oxide content than example 1, 6 bending times resistance and poorer performance; example 4, because tungsten has very high purity, average grain size of 0.48 μm, compact and uniform grain structure, 12 bending resistance times and optimal performance, but higher manufacturing cost; the tungsten of comparative example 1 has higher purity, but the initial diameter of the billet is only 17mm, the number of times of rolling and the number of times of satin spinning are reduced, so that the average grain size of the tungsten wire is 3.8 mu m, the grain structure is not compact enough and not fine enough, the uniformity distribution is poor, the bending resistance number is 3, and the performance is poor; the case of comparative example 2 is similar to that of comparative example 1; the proportion of lanthanum oxide added in comparative example 3 is too large, the average grain size of the tungsten filament is 0.36 mu m after three times of rolling and four times of rotary satin, and the addition amount of lanthanum oxide is too large, so that the number of times of bending resistance of the tungsten filament is 3, and the performance is poor; the tungsten wire of comparative example 4 has high purity, but only has four times of rotary satin processing, lacks a plurality of rolling processes, ensures that the average grain size of the tungsten wire is 5.8 mu m, the bending resistance times of the tungsten wire is 2, has poor performance, and can not meet the performance requirement of a high-frequency ablation electrode; the tungsten alloy of comparative example 5 has the same composition as example 2, but is processed by four spinners only, and lacks a multi-rolling process, so that the average grain size of the tungsten wire is 2.65 mu m, the bending resistance times of the tungsten wire is 5, and the performance is poor, which indicates that the spinners only can not process the grain size of the tungsten alloy to 0.4 mu m to 1.2 mu m; the tungsten alloy of comparative example 6 has the same composition as example 2, but the average grain size of the tungsten wire is 5.8 μm through only three rolling processes, the bending resistance times of the tungsten wire is 2, and the performance is poor, which indicates that the grain size of the tungsten alloy cannot be processed to 0.4 μm to 1.2 μm through only 3 rolling processes; the tungsten alloy of comparative example 7 had the same composition as example 2, but was subjected to only one rolling and four-pass satin to give a tungsten wire having an average grain size of 2.15 μm and a number of bending resistance of 6, and had poor properties, indicating that the grain size of the tungsten alloy could not be processed to 0.4 μm to 1.2 μm by only one rolling and four-pass satin.
According to the embodiment, the blank with the diameter not smaller than 40mm is subjected to intermittent high-speed rolling, medium-frequency annealing, multi-channel rotary satin and drawing processing, so that the diameter of tungsten alloy is continuously reduced, the size of tungsten crystal is continuously reduced and homogenized, and finally the tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm is prepared, the average crystal grain of the tungsten wire is processed from the initial 20-40 mu m to 0.4-1.2 mu m, and the reinforcing effect of lanthanum oxide by dispersed particles is combined, so that the bending resistance times of the tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm can reach 11-12 times.
Claims (6)
1. The high-toughness tungsten-based alloy is characterized by comprising tungsten, lanthanum oxide and trace impurities, wherein the content of the tungsten is not less than 98wt%, the content of the lanthanum oxide is not more than 1wt%, and the balance is the impurities;
the preparation process of the high-toughness tungsten-based alloy comprises the following steps:
intermittently high-speed rolling the billet with the diameter not smaller than 40mm to a tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6mm, and carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the billet after each high-speed rolling;
the tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6mm is subjected to multiple rotary forging processes to prepare the tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5mm-3.5 mm;
drawing the tungsten rod with the diameter of 2.5-3.5 mm to a tungsten wire with the diameter of 1mm, wherein the average crystal grain of the tungsten wire is 0.4-1.2 mu m;
the intermittent high-speed rolling comprises the following steps:
the billet is rolled for the first time to prepare a first tungsten rod with the diameter of 25mm-27 mm;
the first tungsten rod is subjected to medium-frequency annealing for 2-4 hours at 1800-2000 ℃ to prepare a second tungsten rod;
the second tungsten rod is rolled for the second time to prepare a third tungsten rod with the diameter of 10mm-12 mm;
the third tungsten rod is subjected to intermediate frequency annealing at 2000-2200 ℃, and the annealing speed is 0.15-0.25 m/min, so that a fourth tungsten rod is prepared;
the fourth tungsten rod is rolled for the third time to prepare a fifth tungsten rod with the diameter of 5mm-6 mm;
and carrying out intermediate frequency annealing on the fifth tungsten rod at 1600-1800 ℃ at an annealing speed of 0.5-1.5 m/min to obtain a sixth tungsten rod.
2. The high toughness tungsten based alloy according to claim 1 wherein the fabrication of the billet comprises the steps of:
preparing ammonium paratungstate powder into tungsten powder by high-temperature hydrogen reduction, adding lanthanum oxide powder with the content not higher than 1wt% into the tungsten powder, and uniformly mixing;
the tungsten powder is subjected to isostatic pressing to prepare a pressed strip with the diameter not smaller than 45 mm;
the pressed strip is sintered for at least 12 hours at the medium frequency of 1800-2000 ℃ to prepare the billet with the diameter of not less than 40 mm.
3. The high toughness tungsten based alloy according to claim 2 wherein the isostatic process pressure is 180MPa to 220MPa.
4. The high-toughness tungsten-based alloy according to claim 2, wherein the high-temperature hydrogen reduction temperature is 800 ℃ to 1100 ℃, the hydrogen purity is 99.99%, and the reduction time is 3h to 5h.
5. The high toughness tungsten based alloy according to claim 1, wherein the average grain size of the second tungsten rod is 12 μm to 30 μm, the average grain size of the fourth tungsten rod is 8 μm to 25 μm, and the average grain size of the sixth tungsten rod is 8 μm to 18 μm.
6. The high toughness tungsten based alloy according to claim 1 wherein the number of swaging operations is four.
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