CN114774641A - In-situ texture preparation technology for nodular cast iron crankshaft surface - Google Patents
In-situ texture preparation technology for nodular cast iron crankshaft surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN114774641A CN114774641A CN202210433327.2A CN202210433327A CN114774641A CN 114774641 A CN114774641 A CN 114774641A CN 202210433327 A CN202210433327 A CN 202210433327A CN 114774641 A CN114774641 A CN 114774641A
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- graphite
- crankshaft
- cast iron
- polishing
- nodular cast
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- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The patent discloses a preparation technology of an in-situ texture on the surface of a nodular cast iron crankshaft, and belongs to the technical field of surfaces of mechanical motion friction pairs. The in-situ texture preparation technology takes the surface of a crankshaft journal of nodular cast iron of an engine as a base surface, utilizes the difference of thermal expansion coefficients of graphite and a matrix in the nodular cast iron, and reduces the binding force between graphite particles and the matrix through three processes of heating, heat preservation and rapid cooling, so that the broken brown corundum powder is smeared and extruded into gaps between the graphite particles and the matrix, the graphite balls are occupied by brown corundum particles under the action of multi-dimensional extrusion force, and irregular pits are formed at the initial positions of the graphite balls. The invention has the advantages of increasing the bearing capacity of the lubricating film, improving the wear resistance and greatly reducing the energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for preparing an in-situ texture on the surface of a nodular cast iron crankshaft, in particular to a technology for occupying graphite nodules on the surface of a crankshaft journal of an engine, and belongs to the technical field of surfaces of mechanical motion friction pairs.
Background
The in-situ texture preparation technology of the crankshaft surface is taken as one of the super-precision machining processes, plays a very great role in improving the surface quality of the crankshaft and improving the mechanical performance, and is gradually and closely concerned by the mechanical industry.
With the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, the explosion pressure of an engine is higher and higher, the gap between a crankshaft and a bearing bush is smaller and smaller, and the oil film pressure is higher and higher, so that the problem of bearing bush burning becomes an industrial problem. The friction coefficient of the friction pair must be reduced by new manufacturing techniques to increase the wear resistance of the crankshaft surface.
Therefore, the invention provides the in-situ texture preparation technology for the surface of the nodular cast iron crankshaft, and the preparation technology has important application value and scientific research significance for improving the wear resistance and the lubricating effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technology for preparing an in-situ texture on the surface of a nodular cast iron crankshaft, which separates graphite nodule particles on the surface of the nodular cast iron to form a natural micro-texture by designing a specific processing and preparing step, reduces friction and abrasion of a friction pair and improves the tribological performance.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the preparation technology of the in-situ texture on the surface of the nodular cast iron crankshaft comprises three parts of crankshaft pretreatment, positive and negative rotation polishing technology of a soft and hard polishing surface and graphite nodule occupation. The crankshaft pretreatment is that the crankshaft is heated in an air furnace after being finely ground; the positive and negative rotation polishing technology of the soft and hard polishing surface is to use ceramic and diamond materials with high hardness and high wear resistance to generate brown corundum particles under specific pressure and specific granularity of polishing abrasives; the graphite particles occupying the position of the shaft neck surface are subjected to multi-dimensional extrusion force and fall off from the matrix.
The crankshaft pretreatment is that the crankshaft is heated in vacuum in an air furnace after being finely ground, the temperature range is 350-370 ℃, the temperature is 360 ℃ which is the optimal temperature, and then the crankshaft is rapidly cooled.
The polishing surface of the soft and hard polishing surface is made of high-hardness and high-wear-resistance ceramic and diamond materials by the forward and reverse rotation polishing technology, and brown corundum particles are generated after 15-40 mu m of polishing abrasive is crushed under the pressure of 1.2-3.6 MPa.
According to the forward and reverse rotation polishing technology for the soft and hard polishing surfaces, the lower polishing surface is made of polyethylene engineering plastic with the hardness of HA90-95, and brown corundum powder is uniformly coated on the shaft neck.
The graphite occupies the position, and the broken brown corundum powder occupies the graphite spheres from the original position under the action of the multidimensional extrusion force.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a technology for preparing an in-situ texture on the surface of a nodular cast iron crankshaft, which improves the wear resistance of the crankshaft and replaces the quenching and nitriding surface treatment processes of forged steel crankshafts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a great deal of research shows that the micro-texture processing on the friction pair can effectively improve the contact stress of the contact surface, reduce the friction coefficient and improve the wear resistance. Aiming at the problem of the bush-burning caused by the increase of the explosion pressure of the internal combustion engine, based on the fact that the size (the diameter is 20-60 mu m) of a graphite sphere is small, through the research of a polishing technology and equipment, graphite on the surface of a crankshaft falls off to form a graphite pit microtexture, the oil film bearing capacity is improved, and the bush-burning and bush-pulling phenomenon is reduced.
The innovation points of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, brown corundum particles are coated and extruded into gaps between graphite and a matrix, graphite spheres are occupied by the brown corundum particles under the action of multi-dimensional extrusion, and a large number of graphite pits are created on the surface of the nodular cast iron crankshaft to form a natural microtexture. Can accumulate trace lubricating oil and simultaneously store abrasive dust, increase the bearing capacity of a lubricating film and improve the wear resistance. The surface nitriding or induction quenching process is cancelled, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced.
The invention relates to a technology for preparing an in-situ texture on the surface of a nodular cast iron crankshaft, which has the beneficial effects that a natural micro-texture can be formed by occupying the nodular particles on the surface of the nodular cast iron, and the micro-texture can store abrasive dust and trace lubricating oil, so that the working environment of a friction pair is improved, and the friction and the abrasion of a mechanical contact surface are effectively reduced.
The surface in-situ texture preparation technology has the functions of strong bearing capacity and improving the working environment of a friction pair, and also omits a surface nitriding or induction quenching process and greatly reduces energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the occupational position of graphite according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a surface sample of a crankshaft journal made of nodular cast iron;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a journal with in-situ texture formed after graphite particles have exfoliated;
description of reference numerals: 1 is a substrate, 2 is broken brown corundum powder, 3 is graphite particles, and 4 is a pit formed after the graphite particles are removed.
Detailed Description
The technique for preparing the in-situ texture on the surface of the nodular cast iron crankshaft is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings 1 and 2 of the specification:
the invention relates to an in-situ texture preparation technology for the surface of a nodular cast iron crankshaft. The pretreatment is to heat the crankshaft to 350-370 ℃ in an air furnace after fine grinding, and quickly cool the crankshaft after preserving heat for 60 minutes; the positive and negative rotation polishing technology for the soft and hard polishing surfaces is that the upper polishing surface uses ceramic and diamond materials with high hardness and high wear resistance, and brown corundum particles are generated after 15-40 mu m of polishing abrasive materials are crushed under the pressure of 1.2-3.6 MPa. The lower polishing surface is made of polyethylene engineering plastic with the ground hardness of HA90-95, and brown corundum powder is uniformly coated on the shaft neck. The graphite particles occupying the position of the shaft neck surface are subjected to multi-dimensional extrusion force and fall off from the matrix.
The natural microtexture formed by the falling of the spheroidal graphite particles is an irregular round pit, and the diameter of the pit is about 20-60 mu m.
The preparation technology of the in-situ texture on the surface of the nodular cast iron crankshaft is based on the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of graphite and a matrix in the nodular cast iron, and the crankshaft is pretreated; the brown corundum particles generated after the grinding materials are broken are smeared and extruded into the gap between the graphite and the matrix, so that the graphite balls are occupied.
Examples of the invention
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a graphite cast iron crankshaft surface processing process according to example 1 of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a position occupied by graphite on a graphite cast iron crankshaft surface, in which 1 denotes a base, 2 denotes crushed brown corundum powder, 3 denotes graphite particles, and fig. 3 is a microtexture pattern formed after the nodular cast iron on the surface of a nodular cast iron crankshaft journal falls off. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an in-situ texture formed after the nodular cast iron on the surface of the crankshaft journal of the nodular cast iron falls off. The preparation technology and the preparation steps of the in-situ texture on the surface of the nodular cast iron crankshaft are described below by taking the nodular cast iron crankshaft as an example and combining the drawings.
Step one, after an HAAS vertical grinder is adopted to finely grind the nodular cast iron crankshaft, the crankshaft is heated to 350-370 ℃ in an air furnace, and after the temperature is kept for 60 minutes, the crankshaft is rapidly cooled, so that the adhesive force between the nodular cast iron particles and the matrix is reduced.
And secondly, the upper polishing surface is made of high-hardness and high-wear-resistance ceramic and diamond materials, and the polishing abrasive with the grain size of 15-40 mu m is crushed under the pressure of 1.2-3.6 MPa to generate brown corundum particles.
Step three, uniformly coating brown corundum powder on the shaft neck by adopting low-hardness HA90-95 polyethylene engineering plastics on the lower polishing surface. The polishing tile is precisely trimmed by using special trimming equipment and a diamond roller, the precision requirement of 2 mu m is ensured, the graphite particles are put out by the combined application of the development of the ultra-high precision high wear-resistant polishing tile and the soft polishing surface, the service life of the polishing tile is prolonged by 5-10 times, and the stability of the polishing quality is greatly improved.
And step four, enabling the brown fused alumina powder to enable the graphite particles with the greatly reduced binding force to occupy out of the matrix, and forming a natural micro-texture on the surface of the shaft neck.
The embodiment improves the forming process of the surface microtexture, occupies the graphite nodules from the crankshaft, increases the bearing capacity of the lubricating film and improves the wear resistance. Therefore, the surface nitriding or induction quenching process is cancelled, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, the graphite particles in the crankshaft are occupied by utilizing different thermal expansion coefficients, and the reference is provided for the subsequent surface texture design.
Claims (9)
1. The in-situ texture preparation technology for the surface of the nodular cast iron crankshaft is characterized in that the binding force of graphite to the crankshaft is reduced by pretreating the crankshaft and utilizing the difference of thermal expansion coefficients of graphite and a matrix in the nodular cast iron; the method is characterized in that a polishing surface briquetting of ceramic and diamond materials with high hardness and high wear resistance is adopted to generate brown corundum particles, the brown corundum powder is coated and extruded into a graphite and collective gap by utilizing a positive and negative rotation polishing technology of a soft and hard polishing surface, and the graphite particles on the surface of the crankshaft journal are occupied, so that a micro-texture is formed on the surface of the crankshaft.
2. The surface preparation of the nodular cast iron crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) heating the crankshaft in an air furnace to 350-370 ℃ after fine grinding, wherein the optimal temperature is 360 ℃;
(2) keeping the temperature for more than 60 minutes, and rapidly cooling.
3. The positive and negative rotation polishing technique of soft and hard polishing surfaces according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) smearing brown corundum particles and extruding the brown corundum particles into gaps between the graphite particles and the matrix;
(2) the brown corundum particles occupy the graphite nodule position under the action of multi-dimensional force.
4. The forward and reverse rotation polishing technology for soft and hard polishing surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper polishing surface is ground into brown corundum particles with the particle size of 15-40 μm under the pressure of 1.2-3.6 MPa by using ceramic and diamond materials with high hardness and high wear resistance.
5. The positive and negative rotation polishing technique for soft and hard polishing surfaces as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower polishing surface is made of polyethylene engineering plastic with hardness of HA 90-95.
6. The forward and reverse rotation polishing technique for soft and hard polishing surfaces according to claim 1, wherein the polishing pad is precisely dressed by a diamond roller with a precision of less than 2 μm.
7. The nodular cast iron crankshaft journal surface microtexture of claim 1, wherein the microtexture pits are irregular round pits randomly distributed.
8. The air furnace of step (1) of claim 2, which is a vertical vacuum high pressure gas quenching furnace, and has a pressure of 0.6-0.9MPa, preferably 0.8 MPa.
9. An irregular pit according to claim 7, wherein the pit diameter is about 20-60 μm in size.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210433327.2A CN114774641B (en) | 2022-04-24 | 2022-04-24 | In-situ texture preparation technology for surface of nodular cast iron crankshaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210433327.2A CN114774641B (en) | 2022-04-24 | 2022-04-24 | In-situ texture preparation technology for surface of nodular cast iron crankshaft |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114774641A true CN114774641A (en) | 2022-07-22 |
| CN114774641B CN114774641B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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| CN202210433327.2A Active CN114774641B (en) | 2022-04-24 | 2022-04-24 | In-situ texture preparation technology for surface of nodular cast iron crankshaft |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR950704528A (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1995-11-20 | 사토 후미오 | Manufacturing method of high strength low expansion cast iron |
| CN101560665A (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-21 | 滨州海得曲轴有限责任公司 | Fillet rolling and reinforcing technology of normalized nodular cast iron crankshaft |
| CN107674951A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-09 | 合肥正明机械有限公司 | A kind of method for improving spheroidal graphite cast-iron surface spheroidizing quality |
| CN112222625A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-15 | 山东理工大学 | Method and processing system for laser in-situ induction of graphene composite microtexture on surface of nodular cast iron material |
-
2022
- 2022-04-24 CN CN202210433327.2A patent/CN114774641B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR950704528A (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1995-11-20 | 사토 후미오 | Manufacturing method of high strength low expansion cast iron |
| CN101560665A (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-21 | 滨州海得曲轴有限责任公司 | Fillet rolling and reinforcing technology of normalized nodular cast iron crankshaft |
| CN107674951A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-09 | 合肥正明机械有限公司 | A kind of method for improving spheroidal graphite cast-iron surface spheroidizing quality |
| CN112222625A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-15 | 山东理工大学 | Method and processing system for laser in-situ induction of graphene composite microtexture on surface of nodular cast iron material |
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| CN114774641B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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