CN114774640A - Preparation method of high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN114774640A CN114774640A CN202210426101.XA CN202210426101A CN114774640A CN 114774640 A CN114774640 A CN 114774640A CN 202210426101 A CN202210426101 A CN 202210426101A CN 114774640 A CN114774640 A CN 114774640A
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910004353 Ti-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/42—Induction heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire. The 55SiCr wire rod is subjected to shot blasting and abrasive belt polishing to remove oxide skin, then boron is coated, and the treated wire rod is drawn into a semi-finished steel wire with the diameter of 2.8-4 mm; the induction preheating temperature is more than 600 ℃; the oil quenching temperature is 900 ℃ and 920 ℃; the induction tempering temperature is about 440 ℃, and then water cooling is carried out, wherein the water temperature is less than or equal to 30 ℃; after being oiled, the steel wire is taken up to the spool, and the take-up speed is 6.5-11.8 m/min. The prepared steel wire has uniform tissue, the strength is up to 2010MPa, the surface shrinkage is up to 58 percent, and the tissue piece spacing is small. The method can replace the traditional lead bath tempering, has the advantages of high production efficiency, environmental protection, good product performance and the like, and belongs to an environment-friendly and efficient preparation method of the oil quenching spring steel wire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire, in particular to a preparation method of an induction tempering process of an oil quenching spring steel wire with high strength, high surface shrinkage and a diameter of 2.8-4mm, belonging to the field of green and efficient preparation of oil quenching spring steel wires.
Background
The oil quenching spring steel wire is widely applied to automobile and motorcycle manufacturing, can be used for producing important parts such as suspension springs, engine valve springs and the like, and has the function of improving the safety and the comfort of automobiles. According to the characteristics of manufacturing process and chemical components, the spring steel wires are various in types, and the number of the spring steel wires is more than 20. But the common characteristic is that the spring steel wires all need to be strengthened by heat treatment, the heat treatment technology is one of important technologies for material processing, and the transformation of the structure is realized by heating, heat preservation and cooling the workpiece, so that the service requirement of the workpiece is met. The traditional heat treatment means of the oil quenching spring steel wire is mostly oil quenching and lead bath tempering, the steel wire has small thermal stress and small deformation after oil quenching, but although the traditional lead bath tempering has good stability, lead steam volatilization causes environmental pollution and damages human health, the green development target of the new era can not be met, the lead bath tempering time is long, the occupied space is large, the resource waste and the low production efficiency are caused, and a green lead-free heat treatment technology is urgently needed.
Induction heating is widely used, and local strengthening of parts such as pipes, shafts, gears, strips and the like usually utilizes induction quenching to obtain a hardened layer with a certain depth, so as to form a microstructure with a strong surface and a tough core. The principle of the method is Faraday electromagnetic induction law and resistance thermal effect of electricity-generated magnetism, magnetism-generated electricity and electricity-generated heat, and the method has the characteristics of high heating speed, high efficiency, non-contact damage and the like.
At present, aiming at the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste caused by lead bath tempering, long lead bath tempering time, low production efficiency, decarburization and the like, an oil quenching spring steel wire preparation process which can refine crystal grains, improve strength, reduce decarburization and tempering time and has high efficiency is urgently required to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method for induction tempering of a high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire, which comprises the following steps:
(1) surface treatment: removing an oxide layer on the surface of a 55SiCr steel wire rod with the diameter of 6.5mm by adopting shot blasting and abrasive belt polishing, wherein the thickness of a decarburized layer of the 55SiCr steel wire rod is less than or equal to 1 percent of the diameter of the 55SiCr steel wire rod, and then coating boron sand liquid on the surface of the steel wire rod;
(2) drawing the steel wire: sending the 55SiCr steel wire rod subjected to surface treatment in the step (1) into a wire drawing die for drawing for multiple times to obtain a semi-finished steel wire with the diameter of 2.8-4mm, wherein the first time and the last time of drawing adopt small compression ratios, and the middle time of drawing adopts a large compression ratio;
(3) induction preheating: conveying the semi-finished steel wire treated in the step (2) to an induction preheating device for preheating;
(4) oil quenching heat treatment: conveying the semi-finished steel wire subjected to induction preheating in the step (3) to a resistance furnace for austenitizing, and then carrying out oil quenching;
(5) induction tempering heat treatment: sending the semi-finished steel wire (15) subjected to oil quenching in the step (4) into a high-temperature magnetically insulated alloy pipe of an induction tempering device for induction tempering treatment, and then cooling the steel wire through a cooling water supply device (9);
(6) oiling and taking up: and (4) oiling the steel wire subjected to water cooling in the step (5) through a mechanical conveying device, and taking up and winding to obtain the oil quenching spring steel wire.
Wherein, in the step (1), the thickness of the decarburized layer of the 55SiCr steel wire rod is less than 0.031 mm.
In the step (1), the 55SiCr steel wire rod comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.51-0.59%, Si: 1.20-1.60%, Mn: 0.50-0.80%, P: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.020%, Cr: 0.50-0.80%, Ni: less than or equal to 0.35%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.25 percent.
Wherein, in the step (1), the concentration of the borax liquid is 250 +/-50 g/L, and the temperature of the borax liquid is 85-95 ℃.
Wherein, in the step (2), the small compressibility is 9-12% compressibility, and the large compressibility is 14-20% compressibility.
Adopt the little compression ratio in both sides, middle big compression ratio when the steel wire is drawn, can make the steel wire certain residual compressive stress and very little deformation internal stress when the initial deformation, lay the basis for big deformation, final steel wire surface obtains great residual stress and less deformation internal stress, when there is big residual stress in the steel wire surface, can raise the temperature and cooling rate during quenching, thereby obtain more martensite organization and less residual austenite, because residual compressive stress can hinder the emergence and the extension of steel wire surface crack, the ductility and toughness of steel wire improves, the deformation of steel wire is little after the tempering, so the oil quenching spring steel wire diameter deviation after the heat treatment is less than the national standard regulation far away.
In the step (2), the drawing of the steel wire rod wire from 6.5mm to 3.5 +/-0.030 mm, wherein in the step (2), the drawing passes are 7 times, and the drawing process of each drawing pass is as follows: 6.5-6.2-5.56-5.02-4.50-4.03-3.71-3.5mm, and the compression ratio of each drawing pass is respectively 9.0-9.3%, 19-20%, 18-19%, 19-20%, 14-16% and 11-12%.
Wherein, in the step (3), the power supply is a medium-frequency induction heating power supply of 6KHz-8KHz during induction preheating, and the temperature during induction preheating is 650-727 ℃.
Before the steel wire enters a resistance furnace for heating, the steel wire is preheated by induction heating, so that the temperature of the steel wire is raised to about 650-727 ℃, crystal grains in the steel wire have large diffusion driving force and diffusion coefficient, the steel wire is more uniform and sufficient in austenitizing, the temperature difference between the surface layer and the core part is smaller, and the thermal stress of the steel wire is reduced.
In the step (4), the semi-finished steel wire subjected to induction preheating is conveyed to a resistance furnace at a temperature of over 600 ℃ for austenitizing, wherein the austenitizing temperature is 900-920 ℃.
Wherein, in the step (4), the length of the resistance furnace is more than or equal to 20m, resistance heating zones are arranged in the front area, the middle area and the rear area of the resistance furnace, the resistance of the middle area is the most, and the oil quenching temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
In the step (5), the pipeline of the induction tempering device is divided into two sections, wherein the front section is a heating pipeline, and the rear section is a heat-insulating pipeline; the induction coil of the induction tempering device is internally provided with a high-temperature magnetic-isolation alloy pipe, the outer layer of the induction coil is wrapped with an insulating and heat-insulating material, the rear end of the heat-insulating pipeline corresponds to the cooling water supply device, the cooling water device is provided with a left water spray nozzle, a right water spray nozzle and a right water spray nozzle, and 3 water spray nozzles spray water in a cross mode.
In the step (5), the high-temperature magnetism-isolating alloy pipe is a low-carbon Ni-Ti-Cu alloy steel pipe, and corresponds to the water spray head right below the high-temperature magnetism-isolating alloy pipe.
During induction tempering, a Ni-Ti-Cu alloy steel pipe is arranged in the induction coil, wherein Ni is an austenitizing element and can be used as an alloy element to improve the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel; ti is a strong carbide forming element, austenite crystal grains can be refined, the toughness can be increased, the pitting potential of steel can be increased when the Ti is added into a stainless steel pipe, and TiC particles can form a hydrogen trap to block the entry of hydrogen, so that intergranular corrosion is prevented; on the basis of the above-mentioned trace Cu element can be added, a compact protective film can be formed to resist Cl-The invasion of plasma acid ions further improves the corrosion resistance of the high-temperature magnetic-isolating alloy pipe, improves the heat-conducting property of the high-temperature magnetic-isolating alloy pipe, heats the steel wire to the maximum extent and reduces the loss of heat energy.
Wherein, in the step (5), the length of the heating pipeline is 1-2m, and the length of the heat preservation pipeline is 6-7 m.
In the step (5), a medium-frequency induction heating power supply of 6KHz-8KHz is adopted as the heating pipeline during the induction tempering treatment, and the tempering temperature is controlled to be 420-480 ℃ by adjusting the working voltage of the medium-frequency induction heating power supply.
In the step (5), during induction tempering, the working voltage of the heating pipeline is adjusted to 234V, the tempering temperature is 440 ℃ through an infrared thermometer at an outlet, and the error is +/-5 ℃;
wherein, in the step (5), the tempering temperature of the heat preservation pipeline is kept by adopting a high-frequency induction heating power supply of 40KHz-50KHz during the induction tempering treatment.
Wherein, in the step (5), the distance between the semi-finished steel wire after oil quenching and the high-temperature magnetism isolating alloy pipe is 5mm-8 mm.
The gap between the semi-finished steel wire after oil quenching and the high-temperature magnetism-isolating alloy pipe is set to be 5-8mm, a heat source can be effectively utilized, the temperature of the surface of the steel wire is basically the same as that of the core of the steel wire through heat preservation, the obtained crystal grains are fine, and the structure transformation is uniform. If the distance is too far, the heating efficiency is too low, and the waste of heat energy is caused; too close a distance, the surface of the steel wire heats up too quickly, the thermal stress gradient increases and may even cause coarse grains.
Wherein in the step (5), the water flow of 3 water nozzles is 20-22m3H, the water temperature of 3 water nozzles is less than or equal to 30 DEG C
Wherein, in the step (6), the speed of the take-up winding is consistent with the running speed of the steel wire and is 8.5-9.8 m/min.
Has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) by adopting the green and efficient induction tempering preparation method for the high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire, the oil quenching spring steel wire can be quickly induction heated to the tempering temperature within 20s, the production efficiency is improved by 15-20% compared with lead bath tempering, and because the tempering induction heating speed is high, the ferrite of the steel wire is not long enough to grow, the crystal grains of the steel wire can be refined, and the decarburization thickness is reduced;
(2) the oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire with the diameter of 2.8-4mm, which is produced by the preparation method, has the advantages of uniform surface and core tissues, refined crystal grains, less decarburization, tensile strength of more than 2000MPa, 2010MPa, small tissue piece spacing, face shrinkage of 58%, and capability of being far beyond the national standard requirement of more than or equal to 45%, and the tissue piece spacing can be as thin as less than 100nm, so that the production efficiency can be improved, the production cost can be reduced, and the green development concept can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an induction tempering apparatus and a cooling water supply apparatus for manufacturing an oil-quenched spring steel wire according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a gold phase diagram of the thickness of a decarburized layer of the oil-quenched spring steel wire prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a gold phase diagram of the surface structure of the oil-quenched spring steel wire prepared by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a gold phase diagram of the core structure of the oil-quenched spring steel wire prepared by the method;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the distance between the tissue sheets for producing the oil-quenched spring steel wire according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
The induction tempering device and the cooling water device related in the preparation method of the high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire are shown in figure 1, the induction tempering device comprises an induction heating tempering workbench 1, and the upper part of the induction heating tempering workbench 1 is provided with a tempering start and pause button 2 and a tempering heating working voltage control button 3; a tempering heating working current control button 4, a tempering heat preservation working voltage control button 5 and a tempering heat preservation working current control button 6. The pipeline of the induction tempering device is divided into two sections, wherein the front section is a heating pipeline 7, and the rear section is a heat-insulating pipeline 8; the induction coil of the induction tempering device is internally provided with a high-temperature magnetism-isolating alloy pipe 14, the tail end of the heat-insulating pipeline 8 corresponds to a cooling water supply device 9, the cooling water device is provided with a left lower water spray head 10, a right lower water spray head 11 and a right lower water spray head 12, and 3 water spray heads spray water in a cross mode. The high-temperature magnetism-isolating alloy pipe 14 is just corresponding to the water spray head 11 right below. The high-temperature magnetic isolation alloy pipe is a low-carbon Ni-Ti-Cu alloy steel pipe, the outer layer of the induction coil is wrapped with an insulating material 13, the length of the heating pipeline 7 is 1.1m, and the length of the heat preservation pipeline 8 is 6.2 m. An infrared thermometer 16 is arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature magnetism-isolating alloy pipe.
Example 1
(1) Surface treatment: adopting shot blasting and abrasive belt polishing technologies, selecting a 55SiCr steel wire rod with the thickness of 6.5mm for surface pretreatment, wherein the decarburized layer of the wire rod is about 0.031mm, and the 55SiCr steel wire rod comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.58%, Si: 1.45%, Mn: 0.68%, P: 0.008%, S: 0.007%, Cr: 0.67%, Ni: 0.01%, Cu: 0.011 percent and meets the national standard requirement. Selecting small steel shots with the diameter of 0.5mm to spray on the surface of the material at a high speed, and coating the surface of the steel wire rod with the scale removed by using borax liquid with the concentration of about 200g/L and the temperature of about 92 ℃;
(2) drawing the steel wire: sending the steel wire with the clean surface obtained in the step (1) into a wire drawing die, and drawing the steel wire by 7 passes, wherein the adopted drawing process is 6.5-6.2-5.56-5.02-4.50-4.03-3.71-3.5, the reduction rate of each pass is 9.0%, 19.6%, 18.5%, 19.6%, 19.8%, 15.3% and 11%, and the 55SiCr steel wire with the actual diameter of 3.495mm is finally obtained;
(3) induction preheating: conveying the steel wire with the diameter of 3.495mm to an induction preheating device, heating to 650-727 ℃ by adopting a 6KHz-8KHz intermediate frequency induction heating power supply, and actually measuring the temperature to about 650 ℃;
(4) oil quenching heat treatment: conveying the steel wire preheated to about 650 ℃ to a resistance furnace for austenitizing, wherein the actual measurement temperature of austenitizing is about 902 ℃, and then carrying out oil quenching, wherein the oil quenching temperature is about 60 ℃;
(5) induction tempering heat treatment: continuously conveying the steel wire subjected to oil quenching to a heating pipeline 7 of an induction tempering device, adopting a 6KHz-7KHz medium-frequency induction heating power supply, adjusting the working voltage of induction equipment to 234V, quickly heating to the tempering temperature of about 440 ℃ through a high-temperature resistant magnetic-isolation alloy Ni-Ti-Cu pipeline arranged in an induction coil, keeping the tempering temperature of a subsequent heat-preservation pipeline 8 by adopting a 40KHz-50KHz high-frequency induction heating power supply, and then performing cross water spray cooling through three water spray heads, namely a left lower water spray head 10, a right lower water spray head 11 and a right lower water spray head 12 which are arranged at the steel wire outlet to ensure that the water temperature is about 26 ℃; the distance between the oil-quenched steel wire and the high-temperature magnetism-isolating Ni-Ti-Cu alloy pipe is about 5 mm;
(6) oiling and taking up: and (3) oiling the water-cooled steel wire through a mechanical conveying device, taking up and winding the steel wire on a spool, wherein the take-up speed is 9.5m/min, and thus the high-performance oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire is obtained.
Example 2 high-performance oil-quenched spring steel wire was prepared using the above system
(1) Surface treatment: selecting a 55SiCr wire rod with the thickness of 6.5mm in the embodiment 1 for surface pretreatment, wherein the decarburized layer of the wire rod is about 0.031mm, meeting the national standard requirements, selecting 0.5 mm-diameter micro steel shots to spray on the surface of a material at a high speed by adopting shot blasting and abrasive belt polishing technologies, removing oxide skin, and coating the surface of a steel wire with borax liquid with the concentration of about 260g/L and the temperature of about 85 ℃;
(2) drawing the steel wire: sending the steel wire with a clean surface into a wire drawing die, and drawing the steel wire by 7 passes by using 6.5-6.2-5.56-5.02-4.50-4.03-3.71-3.5 drawing processes, wherein the compression ratio of each pass is respectively 9.0%, 19.6%, 18.5%, 19.6%, 19.8%, 15.3% and 11%, and finally obtaining a 55SiCr steel wire with the actual diameter of 3.512 mm;
(3) induction preheating: conveying the steel wire with the diameter of 3.512mm to an induction heating part, heating to 650-727 ℃ by adopting a 6KHz-8KHz intermediate frequency induction heating power supply, and actually measuring the temperature to about 676 ℃;
(4) oil quenching heat treatment: conveying the steel wire preheated to about 676 ℃ to a resistance furnace for austenitizing, wherein the actual measurement temperature of austenitizing is about 905 ℃, and then carrying out oil quenching, wherein the oil quenching temperature is about 56 ℃;
(5) induction tempering heat treatment: continuously conveying the steel wire subjected to oil quenching to a heating pipeline 7 of an induction tempering device, adopting a 6KHz-7KHz medium-frequency induction heating power supply, adjusting the working voltage of induction equipment to 234V, quickly heating to the tempering temperature of about 440 ℃ through a high-temperature resistant magnetic-isolation alloy Ni-Ti-Cu pipeline arranged in an induction coil, keeping the tempering temperature of a subsequent heat-insulating pipeline 8 by adopting a 40KHz-50KHz high-frequency induction heating power supply, and then performing cross water spray cooling through three water spray heads, namely a left lower water spray head 10, a right lower water spray head 11 and a right lower water spray head 12 which are arranged at the steel wire outlet, wherein the water temperature is about 22 ℃; the distance between the oil-quenched steel wire and the high-temperature magnetism-isolating Ni-Ti-Cu alloy pipe is about 6 mm;
(6) oiling and taking up: and (3) oiling the water-cooled steel wire by a mechanical conveying device, taking up and winding the steel wire on a spool, wherein the take-up speed is 9.5m/min, and obtaining the high-performance oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire.
Example 3
(1) Surface treatment: selecting a 55SiCr wire rod with the thickness of 6.5mm in the embodiment 1 for surface pretreatment, wherein the decarburized layer of the wire rod is about 0.031mm and meets the national standard requirements, selecting 0.5 mm-diameter micro steel shots to spray on the surface of a material at a high speed by adopting shot blasting and abrasive belt polishing technologies, and coating the surface of a steel wire with borax liquid with the concentration of about 300g/L and the temperature of about 90 ℃ after removing an oxide skin;
(2) drawing the steel wire: sending the steel wire with a clean surface into a wire drawing die, and drawing the steel wire by 7 passes by using 6.5-6.2-5.56-5.02-4.50-4.03-3.71-3.5 drawing processes, wherein the compression ratio of each pass is respectively 9.0%, 19.6%, 18.5%, 19.6%, 19.8%, 15.3% and 11%, and finally obtaining a 55SiCr steel wire with the actual diameter of 3.482 mm;
(3) induction preheating: conveying the steel wire with the diameter of 3.482mm to an induction heating part, heating to 650-727 ℃ by adopting a 6KHz-8KHz intermediate frequency induction heating power supply, and actually measuring the temperature to about 727 ℃;
(4) oil quenching heat treatment: conveying the steel wire preheated to about 727 ℃ to a resistance furnace for austenitizing, wherein the actual measurement temperature of austenitizing is about 908 ℃, and then carrying out oil quenching, wherein the oil quenching temperature is about 58 ℃;
(5) induction tempering heat treatment: continuously conveying the steel wire subjected to oil quenching to a heating pipeline 7 of an induction tempering device, adopting a 6KHz-7KHz medium-frequency induction heating power supply, adjusting the working voltage of induction equipment to 234V, quickly heating to the tempering temperature of about 440 ℃ through a high-temperature resistant magnetic-isolation alloy Ni-Ti-Cu pipeline arranged in an induction coil, keeping the tempering temperature of a subsequent heat-insulating pipeline 8 by adopting a 40KHz-50KHz high-frequency induction heating power supply, and then performing cross water spray cooling through three water spray heads, namely a left lower water spray head 10, a right lower water spray head 11 and a right lower water spray head 12 which are arranged at the steel wire outlet, wherein the water temperature is 22 ℃; the distance between the oil-quenched steel wire and the high-temperature magnetism-isolating Ni-Ti-Cu alloy pipe is about 6 mm;
(6) oiling and taking up: and (3) oiling the water-cooled steel wire through a mechanical conveying device, taking up and winding the steel wire on a spool, wherein the take-up speed is 9.5m/min, and thus the high-performance oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire is obtained.
Example 4
(1) Surface treatment: selecting a 55SiCr wire rod with the thickness of 6.5mm in the embodiment 1 for surface pretreatment, selecting a wire rod decarburized layer with the thickness of about 0.031mm to meet the national standard requirement, selecting 0.5mm small steel shots to spray on the surface of a material at a high speed by adopting shot blasting and abrasive belt polishing technologies, removing oxide skin, and coating the surface of a steel wire with borax liquid with the concentration of about 290g/L and the temperature of about 95 ℃;
(2) drawing the steel wire: sending the steel wire with a clean surface into a wire drawing die, and drawing the steel wire by 7 passes by using 6.5-6.2-5.56-5.02-4.50-4.03-3.71-3.5 drawing processes, wherein the compression ratio of each pass is respectively 9.0%, 19.6%, 18.5%, 19.6%, 19.8%, 15.3% and 11%, and finally obtaining a 55SiCr steel wire with the actual diameter of 3.491 mm;
(3) induction preheating: conveying a steel wire with the diameter of 3.491mm to an induction heating position, heating to 650-727 ℃ by adopting a 6KHz-8KHz intermediate frequency induction heating power supply, and measuring the temperature to be about 717 ℃;
(4) oil quenching heat treatment: conveying the steel wire preheated to about 717 ℃ to a resistance furnace for austenitizing, wherein the actual measurement temperature of austenitizing is about 903 ℃, and then carrying out oil quenching, wherein the oil quenching temperature is about 55 ℃;
(5) induction tempering heat treatment: continuously conveying the steel wire subjected to oil quenching to a heating pipeline 7 of an induction tempering device, adjusting the working voltage of induction equipment to 234V by adopting a 6KHz-7KHz medium-frequency induction heating power supply, rapidly heating to the tempering temperature of about 440 ℃ through a high-temperature resistant magnetic-isolation alloy Ni-Ti-Cu pipeline arranged in an induction coil, keeping the tempering temperature of a subsequent heat-insulating pipeline 8 by adopting a 40KHz-50KHz high-frequency induction heating power supply, and performing cross water spray cooling through three water spray heads, namely a left lower water spray head 10, a right lower water spray head 11 and a right lower water spray head 12 which are arranged at the steel wire outlet, wherein the water temperature is 24 ℃; the distance between the oil-quenched steel wire and the high-temperature magnetism-isolating Ni-Ti-Cu alloy pipe is about 8 mm;
(6) oiling and taking up: and (3) oiling the water-cooled steel wire by a mechanical conveying device, taking up and winding the steel wire on a spool, wherein the take-up speed is 9.5m/min, and obtaining the high-performance oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire.
Comparative example 1 example using conventional manufacturing Process and lead bath tempering
(1) Surface treatment: selecting a 55SiCr wire rod with the thickness of 6.5mm in the embodiment 1 for surface pretreatment, wherein the decarburized layer of the wire rod is about 0.043mm, the national standard requirement is met, selecting a small steel shot with the diameter of 0.5mm for high-speed spraying to the surface of a material by adopting shot blasting and abrasive belt polishing technologies, and coating the surface of a steel wire with borax liquid with the concentration of about 260g/L and the temperature of about 90 ℃ after removing oxide skin;
(2) drawing the steel wire: sending the steel wire with clean surface into a wire drawing die, wherein the drawing rate meets 70% -90%, and obtaining a 55SiCr steel wire with the actually measured diameter of 3.512 mm;
(3) induction preheating: conveying the steel wire with the diameter of 3.512mm to an induction preheating device, and heating by adopting a 6KHz-8KHz intermediate frequency induction heating power supply, wherein the actual measurement temperature is about 623 ℃;
(4) oil quenching heat treatment: conveying the preheated steel wire to a resistance furnace for austenitizing, wherein the actual measurement temperature of austenitizing is about 903 ℃, and then carrying out oil quenching, wherein the oil quenching temperature is about 56 ℃;
(5) lead bath tempering: and conveying the quenched steel wire into a lead tank, heating to about 440 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2min, and then cooling with water to 26 ℃.
(6) Oiling and taking up: and (3) oiling the water-cooled steel wire through a mechanical conveying device, taking up and winding the steel wire on a spool, wherein the take-up speed is 4m/min, and thus the oil-quenched spring steel wire is obtained.
Example 5
The high-performance oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire obtained in example 2 was subjected to metallographic surface decarburization thickness determination, scanning electron microscopy SEM observation of a surface-to-core microstructure, and plate pitch determination of a tempered structure, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, FIG. 2 is a gold phase diagram showing the thickness of a decarburized layer of the oil-quenched spring steel wire according to the present invention; as can be seen from the analysis of FIG. 2, the decarburized layer thickness of the oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire prepared by the invention is about 0.028mm, which is reduced by about 0.004mm compared with the original decarburized layer thickness of the steel wire rod; FIG. 3 is a gold phase diagram of the surface structure of the oil-quenched spring steel wire prepared by the method of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a gold phase diagram of the core structure of the oil-quenched spring steel wire prepared by the method; as can be seen from the analysis of FIGS. 3 and 4, the surface and core tissues of the oil-quenched spring steel wire are uniform and are fine tempered troostite tissues; FIG. 5 is a graph showing the distance between the tissue sheets for producing the oil-quenched spring steel wire according to the present invention. As can be seen from the analysis of FIG. 5, the average value of the distances between the structure pieces of the oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire manufactured by the present invention was 98nm, and the distribution was dense.
Example 6
The spring steel wires obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 were subjected to room temperature uniaxial tensile test, and the mechanical property analysis results thereof are shown in table 1.
Table 1 mechanical properties of the oil-quenched spring steel wire prepared according to the present invention.
As can be seen from Table 1, the average tensile strength of the oil-quenched 55SiCr spring steel wire prepared by the method is up to 2010MPa, the average surface shrinkage is up to 58%, the surface shrinkage far exceeding the national standard requirement is more than or equal to 45%, and the surface shrinkage of the oil-quenched spring steel wire prepared by the traditional preparation process and lead bath tempering is only 47%, which barely meets the national standard requirement. The high-performance oil quenching 55SiCr spring steel wire prepared by the method has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) surface treatment: removing an oxide layer on the surface of a 55SiCr steel wire rod with the diameter of 6.5mm by adopting shot blasting and abrasive belt polishing, wherein the thickness of a decarburized layer of the 55SiCr steel wire rod is less than or equal to 1 percent of the diameter of the 55SiCr steel wire rod, and then coating boron sand liquid on the surface of the steel wire rod;
(2) drawing the steel wire: sending the 55SiCr steel wire rod subjected to surface treatment in the step (1) into a wire drawing die for drawing for multiple times to obtain a semi-finished steel wire with the diameter of 2.8-4mm, wherein the first time and the last time of drawing adopt small compression ratios, and the middle time of drawing adopts a large compression ratio;
(3) induction preheating: conveying the semi-finished steel wire treated in the step (2) to an induction preheating device for preheating;
(4) oil quenching heat treatment: conveying the semi-finished steel wire subjected to induction preheating in the step (3) to a resistance furnace for austenitizing, and then carrying out oil quenching;
(5) induction tempering heat treatment: sending the semi-finished steel wire (15) subjected to oil quenching in the step (4) into a high-temperature magnetically insulated alloy pipe of an induction tempering device for induction tempering treatment, and then cooling the steel wire through a cooling water supply device (9);
(6) oiling and taking up: and (4) oiling the steel wire subjected to water cooling in the step (5) through a mechanical conveying device, and taking up and winding to obtain the oil quenching spring steel wire.
2. The method for preparing a high-performance oil-quenched spring steel wire according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the decarburized layer of the 55SiCr steel wire rod is less than 0.031mm, and the 55SiCr steel wire rod comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.51-0.59%, Si: 1.20-1.60%, Mn: 0.50-0.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, Cr: 0.50-0.80%, Ni: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Cu: not more than 0.25 percent, the concentration of the borax liquid is 250 +/-50 g/L, and the temperature of the borax liquid is 85-95 ℃.
3. The method for preparing a high performance oil quenched spring steel wire according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the small compression ratio is 9-12% and the large compression ratio is 14-20%.
4. The method for preparing the high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the steel wire rod is drawn from 6.5mm to 3.5 +/-0.030 mm, the drawing passes are 7 times, and the drawing process of each drawing pass is as follows: 6.5-6.2-5.56-5.02-4.50-4.03-3.71-3.5mm, and the reduction ratio of each drawing pass is respectively 9.0-9.3%, 19-20%, 18-19%, 19-20%, 14-16% and 11-12%.
5. The method for preparing a high performance oil quenching spring steel wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the power supply for induction preheating is a medium frequency induction heating power supply of 6KHz-8KHz, and the temperature for induction preheating is 650-.
6. The method for preparing a high-performance oil-quenched spring steel wire according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the induction-preheated semi-finished steel wire is conveyed to a resistance furnace at a temperature of 600 ℃ or higher for austenitizing, the austenitizing temperature is 900 ℃ to 920 ℃, the length of the resistance furnace is not less than 20m, resistance heating regions are respectively arranged in the front region, the middle region and the rear region of the resistance furnace, the resistance of the middle region is the greatest, and the oil-quenching temperature is not more than 60 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the pipeline of the induction tempering device is divided into two sections, the front section is a heating pipeline (7), and the rear section is a heat preservation pipeline (8); the induction coil of the induction tempering device is internally provided with a high-temperature magnetic-isolation alloy pipe, the outer layer of the induction coil is wrapped with an insulating and heat-insulating material, the rear end of the heat-insulating pipeline (8) corresponds to a cooling water supply device (9), the cooling water device is provided with a left lower water spray head (10), a right lower water spray head (11) and a right lower water spray head (12), and the 3 water spray heads spray water in an intersecting manner.
8. The method for preparing the high-performance oil-quenched spring steel wire according to claim 7, wherein in the step (5), the high-temperature magnetic-isolating alloy tube is a low-carbon Ni-Ti-Cu alloy steel tube, and the high-temperature magnetic-isolating alloy tube corresponds to a water nozzle (11) right below. The length of the heating pipeline (7) is 1-2m, and the length of the heat preservation pipeline (8) is 6-7 m.
9. The method for preparing a high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire according to claim 7, wherein in the step (5), the heating pipeline (7) adopts a medium-frequency induction heating power supply of 6KHz-8KHz during induction tempering treatment, the tempering temperature is controlled to be 420 ℃ to 480 ℃ by adjusting the working voltage of the medium-frequency induction heating power supply, the tempering temperature of the heat-insulating pipeline (8) is kept by a high-frequency induction heating power supply of 40KHz-50KHz during induction tempering treatment, the distance between the semi-finished steel wire after oil quenching and the high-temperature magnetism-isolating alloy pipe is 5mm to 8mm, and the water flow of 3 water nozzles is 20 to 22m3H, the water temperature of 3 water nozzles is less than or equal to 30 ℃.
10. The method for preparing a high performance oil quenched spring steel wire according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), the speed of take-up winding is consistent with the running speed of the steel wire and is 8.5-9.8 m/min.
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| US20040079067A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2004-04-29 | Chuo Hatsujo Kabushiki Kaisha | Oil tempered wire for cold forming coil springs |
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| US20040079067A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2004-04-29 | Chuo Hatsujo Kabushiki Kaisha | Oil tempered wire for cold forming coil springs |
| CN102688906A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-09-26 | 巩义市恒星金属制品有限公司 | Production process of extra-high strength steel stranded wire for long-span transmission wire |
| CN111172359A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-19 | 泰州荣鼎弹簧钢线有限公司 | Induction heating method for spring steel wire production |
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