CN114774600A - A kind of technological method of centralized discharge of alkali in blast furnace - Google Patents
A kind of technological method of centralized discharge of alkali in blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 refer to Zn Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2300/00—Process aspects
- C21B2300/04—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及冶炼技术领域，具体涉及一种高炉集中排碱的工艺方法。The invention relates to the technical field of smelting, in particular to a process method for centralized alkali discharge from a blast furnace.
背景技术Background technique
Zn在高炉炼铁生产中具有同K、Na相似的特性，高炉碱金属主要指Zn、K、Na。K的熔点63.25℃、沸点758℃，Na的熔点97.83℃、沸点883℃，Zn的熔点约419℃、沸点907℃。碱金属在随炉料入炉，到达高温区后，一部分进入炉渣排出炉外，另一部分被还原为单质。被还原为单质的碱金属因为沸点低，易气化后随煤气上升，到达低温区部分碱金属以单质和化合物的形式随着煤气灰排出高炉，其余部分附着炉墙上形成炉瘤或附着在炉料上继续随着炉料下降，到达高温区，又被重新还原、气化上升，从而形成碱金属在高炉内的循环过程。由于碱金属具有循环富集的性质，高炉炉内富集的浓度远远高于入炉料中碱金属，从而对高炉生产带来极大危害，主要表现在：对焦炭气化反应性起催化作用造成焦炭反应后强度变差而生成大量焦末；降低矿石的软化温度、引起球团矿的异常膨胀使其严重粉化；导致炉墙结瘤；碱金属蒸汽渗入炉墙后，氧化后产生异常膨胀破坏炉衬，缩短高炉寿命；其他还包括引起中套上翘，频繁坏套等。Zn has similar characteristics to K and Na in blast furnace ironmaking production, and blast furnace alkali metals mainly refer to Zn, K, and Na. K has a melting point of 63.25°C and a boiling point of 758°C, Na has a melting point of 97.83°C and a boiling point of 883°C, and Zn has a melting point of about 419°C and a boiling point of 907°C. After the alkali metal enters the furnace with the charge and reaches the high temperature zone, part of it enters the slag and is discharged out of the furnace, and the other part is reduced to elemental substance. Because of the low boiling point, the alkali metals reduced to elemental substances are easy to gasify and then rise with the gas. When they reach the low temperature area, some alkali metals are discharged from the blast furnace in the form of elemental substances and compounds along with the gas ash, and the rest adhere to the furnace wall to form furnace nodules or adhere to The charge continues to descend with the charge, reaches the high temperature zone, and is re-reduced and gasified to rise, thereby forming the cycle process of alkali metal in the blast furnace. Due to the nature of cyclic enrichment of alkali metals, the concentration of alkali metals in the blast furnace is much higher than that in the charging charge, which brings great harm to blast furnace production. The main manifestation is that the coke gasification reactivity plays a catalytic role After the coke reaction, the strength deteriorates and a large amount of coke powder is generated; the softening temperature of the ore is reduced, and the abnormal expansion of the pellets causes it to be seriously pulverized; it leads to nodules on the furnace wall; after the alkali metal steam penetrates into the furnace wall, abnormality occurs after oxidation. Expansion damages the furnace lining and shortens the life of the blast furnace; others also include upturning of the middle sleeve and frequent failure of the sleeve.
解决上述问题，目前主要采用以下两种措施：一是源头控制入炉碱负荷；二是执行排碱措施提高炉渣排碱量或煤气排锌量，包括：①降低炉渣碱度R2，提高炉渣镁铝比；②降低炉温生产；③发展中心气流。但是，这两种措施仍存在以下缺陷：(1)如果严格控制入炉碱金属负荷，则可能会造成原燃料成本上升，或导致无法处理固体废弃物，发展循环经济；(2)改变渣相、低炉温生产或发展中心气流的措施往往会与高炉生产需求不相适应，会造成阶段性燃耗上升；(3)单独采取排碱措施，不能集中处理炉内富集碱金属，且耽误生产时间，影响生产效率。To solve the above problems, the following two measures are mainly adopted at present: one is to control the soda load in the furnace at the source; the other is to implement measures of soda discharge to increase the amount of alkali discharge from the slag or the amount of zinc discharged from the gas, including: 1. Reduce the basicity R2 of the slag and increase the magnesium slag Aluminum ratio; ② reduce furnace temperature production; ③ develop central airflow. However, these two measures still have the following shortcomings: (1) If the alkali metal load into the furnace is strictly controlled, it may cause the cost of raw materials to increase, or it may lead to the inability to handle solid waste and develop a circular economy; (2) Change the slag phase , The measures of low furnace temperature production or development of central air flow are often incompatible with the production demand of blast furnaces, which will lead to an increase in staged fuel consumption; (3) Take alkali removal measures alone, and cannot centralize the treatment of alkali metal enrichment in the furnace, and delays Production time affects production efficiency.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术不足，本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种高炉集中排碱的工艺方法，该方法可以利用计划检修机会，有效的对高炉进行集中排碱，可以减少日常排碱的频次减少日常排碱对高炉生产带来的不利影响，弥补了日常排碱的不足。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a process method for centralized alkali removal from a blast furnace, which can effectively perform centralized alkali removal on the blast furnace by taking advantage of planned maintenance opportunities, and can reduce the frequency of daily alkali removal. Reducing the adverse effect of daily alkali discharge on blast furnace production makes up for the lack of daily alkali discharge.
为了达到上述目的，本发明公开了一种高炉集中排碱的工艺方法，该工艺方法利用高炉周期性检修机会，降低料线至炉身下部后，进行排碱。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention discloses a process method for centralized soda discharge of a blast furnace. The process method utilizes the opportunity of periodic maintenance of the blast furnace to reduce the material line to the lower part of the furnace body, and then conduct soda discharge.
作为优选，该工艺方法包括以下步骤：As preferably, the processing method comprises the following steps:
根据工艺排碱需求编制确定周期性的高炉检修计划；Formulate and determine the periodic blast furnace maintenance plan according to the process alkali discharge demand;
2)按步骤1)确定高炉检修计划进行检修时，降低料线至炉身下部后，进行集中排碱操作；2) When the blast furnace maintenance plan is determined according to step 1) for maintenance, after lowering the material line to the lower part of the furnace body, carry out centralized alkali discharge operation;
3)对轻微结厚面进行处理。3) Treat the slightly thickened surface.
作为优选，所述步骤1)的工艺排碱需求的确定方法包括以下步骤：As preferably, the method for determining the demand for removing alkali in the process of the step 1) comprises the following steps:
A、拟定适用于本企业的碱负荷内控标准；A. To draw up the internal control standard of alkali load applicable to the enterprise;
B、根据碱负荷内控标准，建立入炉有害元素收支平衡表，计算排碱率，从而确定需要进行排碱的时间周期，作为计划检修周期。B. According to the internal control standard of alkali load, establish a balance table of harmful elements entering the furnace, calculate the alkali discharge rate, and determine the time period for alkali discharge as a planned maintenance period.
作为优选，所述碱负荷内控标准为Zn≤0.4kg/t，K2O≤1.5kg/t，Na2O≤2.5kg/t。Preferably, the internal control standard of the alkali load is Zn≤0.4kg/t, K 2 O≤1.5kg/t, Na 2 O≤2.5kg/t.
作为优选，所述步骤B中，有害元素收入包含入炉矿石、入炉燃料及熔剂；支出包括铁水、炉渣、除尘灰。Preferably, in the step B, the income of harmful elements includes ore into the furnace, fuel and flux into the furnace; the expenditure includes molten iron, slag, and dust removal ash.
作为优选，所述步骤1)的工艺排碱需求的确定方法还包括以下步骤：As preferably, the method for determining the demand for removing alkali from the process of the step 1) further comprises the following steps:
C、关注记录有害元素在生产中的实际表象出现情况；C. Pay attention to record the actual appearance of harmful elements in production;
D、若步骤B制定的计划检修的时间到达前，一时间点出现布袋灰有害成分的任一项指标持续超过布袋灰碱金属含量警戒点，或者任一有害成分排出率下降幅度>5％，或者步骤C观测到有害元素在生产中的实际表象出现时，则均需要执行排碱，同时将检修计划的周期调整为该时间点与前次检修的时间间隔。D. If any index of the harmful components of the bag ash continues to exceed the warning point of the alkali metal content of the bag ash at a time point before the planned maintenance time set in step B arrives, or the discharge rate of any harmful component drops by more than 5%, Or when the actual appearance of harmful elements in production is observed in step C, alkali removal needs to be performed, and the period of the maintenance plan is adjusted to the time interval between this time point and the previous maintenance.
作为优选，所述步骤C的有害元素在生产中的实际表象包括短期休风风口套有Zn液流出，短期休风风口小套或直吹管内壁存在碱金属氧化物的堆积，倒流休风管有飘出白色粉末，渣铁沟冒白烟。Preferably, the actual appearance of the harmful elements in the step C in production includes that the short-term air tuyere is covered with Zn liquid flowing out, the short-term air tuyere small sleeve or the inner wall of the straight blowing pipe has the accumulation of alkali metal oxides, and the backflow air duct has White powder floated out, and white smoke was emitted from the slag iron ditch.
作为优选，所述步骤D的布袋灰碱金属含量警戒点分别为：Zn：4.00％，K2O：1.20％，Na2O：0.60％。Preferably, the warning points for the alkali metal content of the sack in the step D are: Zn: 4.00%, K 2 O: 1.20%, and Na 2 O: 0.60%.
作为优选，所述步骤2)的集中排碱操作包括以下步骤：As preferably, the concentrated alkali discharge operation of described step 2) comprises the following steps:
S1、休风前8小时开始调整增加酸性料配比，同时吨铁配加蛇纹石15～20kg，炉渣碱度R2按照1.1～1.15、镁铝比按照不低于0.70控制；S1. Begin to adjust and increase the proportion of acidic materials 8 hours before the wind break, and at the same time add 15-20kg of serpentine per ton of iron, control the slag basicity R2 at 1.1-1.15, and the magnesium-aluminum ratio at not less than 0.70;
S2、休风前8小时，根据炉温情况轻负荷，将焦比提高20～30kg/t，炉温按照不低于0.3％控制；S2, 8 hours before the wind break, according to the light load of the furnace temperature, the coke ratio is increased by 20-30kg/t, and the furnace temperature is controlled at not less than 0.3%;
S3、休风前2～3小时陆续加净焦3-5批，并控制休风最后一批料为焦炭；S3. Add 3-5 batches of clean coke 2 to 3 hours before the wind break, and control the last batch of the wind break to be coke;
S4、休风前8小时，顶温按照不低于200℃控制，降料面开始后，顶温则按照250～300℃控制，以确保Zn及碱金属随煤气溢出高炉；S4. 8 hours before the wind break, the top temperature should be controlled at not less than 200 °C, and after the material reduction level starts, the top temperature should be controlled at 250-300 °C to ensure that Zn and alkali metals overflow the blast furnace with the gas;
S5、休风后确保料线达到不低于炉身最下层冷却壁上沿。S5. Make sure that the material line is not lower than the upper edge of the lowermost cooling wall of the furnace body after the wind break.
作为优选，所述步骤S4还包括，休风前1小时顶温按照按照200～250℃控制。Preferably, the step S4 further includes that the top temperature is controlled at 200-250° C. 1 hour before the wind break.
作为优选，所述步骤3)包括：对炉墙结厚部位，通过打水急冷方式进行处理。Preferably, the step 3) includes: treating the thickened part of the furnace wall by quenching with water.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和积极效果在于：提供了一种高炉集中排碱的工艺方法，该方法可以利用计划检修机会，有效的对高炉进行集中排碱，可以减少日常排碱的频次减少日常排碱对高炉生产带来的不利影响，弥补了日常排碱的不足。具体而言：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages and positive effects as follows: a process method for centralized soda discharge from a blast furnace is provided, and the method can take advantage of planned maintenance opportunities to effectively conduct centralized soda discharge from the blast furnace and reduce daily soda discharge. The frequency of daily soda discharge reduces the adverse impact on blast furnace production and makes up for the lack of daily soda discharge. in particular:
(1)本发明的工艺方法周期性利用高炉定修机会，通过降低料线至炉身下部，短期消除碱金属蒸汽循环富集的条件，达到阶段性中断有害元素循环富集，并利用低料线条件下的高温煤气流将炉内富集的碱金属随煤气集中排出高炉的目的。(1) The process method of the present invention periodically utilizes the blast furnace repairing opportunity, reduces the material line to the lower part of the furnace shaft, eliminates the conditions for the cycle enrichment of alkali metal steam in a short period, achieves periodic interruption of the cycle enrichment of harmful elements, and utilizes low material The high temperature gas flow under the line condition is to discharge the concentrated alkali metals in the furnace together with the gas to the blast furnace.
(2)本发明的工艺方法周期性检视高炉炉墙的整洁性，以便及时处理高炉轻微结厚，避免轻微结厚逐步扩大，对高炉顺行造成影响。充分利用计划检修机会，周期性对炉内结瘤情况进行检查，可减少因处理结瘤而造成的专门休风。(2) The process method of the present invention periodically checks the cleanliness of the blast furnace wall, so as to timely deal with the slight thickening of the blast furnace and avoid the gradual enlargement of the slight thickening, which will affect the forward running of the blast furnace. Make full use of the planned maintenance opportunities and periodically check the nodule in the furnace, which can reduce the special wind break caused by the nodule treatment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面，通过示例性的实施方式对本发明进行具体描述。然而应当理解，在没有进一步叙述的情况下，一个实施方式中的结构和特征也可以有益地结合到其他实施方式中。Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described through exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially combined in other embodiments without further recitation.
一种高炉集中排碱的工艺方法，该工艺方法利用高炉周期性检修机会，降低料线至炉身下部后，进行排碱。本实施例周期性利用高炉定修机会，通过降低料线至炉身下部，短期消除碱金属蒸汽循环富集的条件，达到阶段性中断有害元素循环富集，并利用低料线条件下的高温煤气流将炉内富集的碱金属随煤气集中排出高炉的目的，配合计划检修定期集中排出碱金属，无需单独对高炉停止作业执行排碱操作，即可实现周期性的排碱，有效的对高炉进行集中排碱，可以减少日常排碱的频次减少日常排碱对高炉生产带来的不利影响，弥补了日常排碱的不足。The invention discloses a technological method for centralized soda discharge of a blast furnace. The technological method utilizes the opportunity of periodic maintenance of the blast furnace to reduce the material line to the lower part of the furnace body, and then conduct soda discharge. In this example, the blast furnace maintenance opportunity is periodically used, and by lowering the feed line to the lower part of the furnace shaft, the conditions for circulating enrichment of alkali metal steam are eliminated in a short time, and the cycle enrichment of harmful elements is interrupted periodically, and the high temperature under the condition of low feed line is used. The purpose of the coal gas flow is to discharge the concentrated alkali metals in the furnace together with the gas to the blast furnace, and to cooperate with the planned maintenance and regularly discharge the alkali metals in a centralized manner. The centralized discharge of alkali in the blast furnace can reduce the frequency of daily discharge of alkali, reduce the adverse impact of daily discharge of alkali on blast furnace production, and make up for the deficiency of daily discharge of alkali.
具体的，该工艺方法包括以下步骤：Specifically, the process method includes the following steps:
1)根据工艺排碱需求编制确定周期性的高炉检修计划；本发明之前，高炉计划检修仅根据设备运行状态、备件准备情况、检修人员准备情况来拟定，本实施的高炉计划检修要结合工艺排碱需求进行编制；1) Prepare and determine the periodic blast furnace maintenance plan according to the process alkali discharge requirements; before the present invention, the blast furnace planned maintenance was only formulated according to the equipment operation status, the preparation of spare parts, and the preparation of maintenance personnel. The blast furnace planned maintenance of this implementation should be combined with the process layout Alkali requirements are compiled;
2)按步骤1)确定高炉检修计划进行检修时，降低料线至炉身下部，以集中切断了Zn及碱金属蒸汽附着于冷炉料表面的循环条件，并通过降料线过程中的高温煤气流，将循环富集的Zn及碱金属带出炉内，然后进行集中排碱操作；2) When the blast furnace maintenance plan is determined according to step 1), the charging line is lowered to the lower part of the furnace body, so as to centrally cut off the circulation conditions of Zn and alkali metal steam adhering to the surface of the cold charge, and pass the high temperature gas in the process of reducing the charging line. flow, the circulating enriched Zn and alkali metals are brought out of the furnace, and then the centralized alkali discharge operation is carried out;
3)对轻微结厚面进行处理，周期性检视高炉炉墙的整洁性，以便及时处理高炉轻微结厚，避免轻微结厚逐步扩大，对高炉顺行造成影响。3) Treat the slightly thickened surface, and periodically check the cleanliness of the blast furnace wall, so as to deal with the slight thickening of the blast furnace in time, and avoid the gradual expansion of the slight thickening, which will affect the forward run of the blast furnace.
具体的，步骤1)的工艺排碱需求的确定方法包括以下步骤：Concretely, the determination method of the process alkali discharge requirement of step 1) comprises the following steps:
A、拟定适用于本企业的碱负荷内控标准；A. To draw up the internal control standard of alkali load applicable to the enterprise;
B、根据碱负荷内控标准，建立入炉有害元素收支平衡表，计算排碱率，从而确定需要进行排碱的时间周期，作为计划检修周期。对各物料要建立有害元素化验周期，以便提高计算数据的准确性及指导性。B. According to the internal control standard of alkali load, establish a balance table of harmful elements entering the furnace, calculate the alkali discharge rate, and determine the time period for alkali discharge as a planned maintenance period. A harmful element testing cycle should be established for each material in order to improve the accuracy and guidance of the calculated data.
具体的，为了更加精确的确定检修计划，进一步保障排碱效果，在通过步骤B制定检修计划后，可通过以下步骤调整精确计划检修周期：Specifically, in order to more accurately determine the maintenance plan and further ensure the effect of alkali removal, after formulating the maintenance plan through step B, the precise planned maintenance cycle can be adjusted through the following steps:
C、关注记录有害元素在生产中的实际表象出现情况；C. Pay attention to record the actual appearance of harmful elements in production;
D、若步骤B制定的计划检修的时间到达前，一时间点出现布袋灰有害成分的任一项指标持续超过布袋灰碱金属含量警戒点，或者任一有害成分排出率下降幅度>5％，或者步骤C观测到有害元素在生产中的实际表象出现时，则均需要执行排碱，同时将检修计划的周期调整为该时间点与前次检修的时间间隔，便于充分使用计划检修时机。D. If any index of the harmful components of the bag ash continues to exceed the warning point of the alkali metal content of the bag ash at a time point before the planned maintenance time set in step B arrives, or the discharge rate of any harmful component drops by more than 5%, Or when the actual appearance of harmful elements in production is observed in step C, it is necessary to perform alkali removal, and at the same time, adjust the period of the maintenance plan to the time interval between this time point and the previous maintenance, so as to make full use of the planned maintenance opportunity.
具体的，为了保障排碱效果，步骤A的碱负荷内控标准为Zn≤0.4kg/t，K2O≤1.5kg/t，Na2O≤2.5kg/t。碱负荷内控标准除采用上述标准外，也可采用行业标准：Zn≤0.15kg/t，K2O+Na2O≤3kg/t。Specifically, in order to ensure the effect of removing alkali, the internal control standards of alkali load in step A are Zn≤0.4kg/t, K2O≤1.5kg/t, Na2O≤2.5kg/t. In addition to the above-mentioned standards, the internal control standard of alkali load can also adopt the industry standard: Zn≤0.15kg/t, K 2 O+Na 2 O≤3kg/t.
具体的，步骤B中，有害元素收入包含入炉矿石、入炉燃料及熔剂；支出包括铁水、炉渣、除尘灰。Specifically, in step B, the income of harmful elements includes the ore charged into the furnace, the fuel charged into the furnace and the flux; the expenditure includes molten iron, slag, and dust removal ash.
具体的，步骤C的有害元素在生产中的实际表象包括短期休风风口套有Zn液流出，短期休风风口小套或直吹管内壁存在碱金属氧化物的堆积，倒流休风管有飘出白色粉末，渣铁沟冒白烟。Specifically, the actual appearance of the harmful elements in step C in the production includes the Zn liquid flowing out of the short-term tuyere cover, the accumulation of alkali metal oxides in the small cover of the short-term tuyere or the inner wall of the straight blowing pipe, and the wafting out of the reverse flow tuyere. White powder, white smoke from slag iron ditch.
具体的，步骤D的布袋灰碱金属含量警戒点分别为：Zn：4.00％，K2O：1.20％，Na2O：0.60％。Specifically, the warning points for the alkali metal content of the sack in step D are: Zn: 4.00%, K 2 O: 1.20%, and Na 2 O: 0.60%.
具体的，步骤2)的集中排碱操作包括以下步骤：Concretely, the concentrated alkali discharge operation of step 2) comprises the following steps:
S1、休风前8小时开始调整增加酸性料配比，同时吨铁配加蛇纹石15～20kg，炉渣碱度R2按照1.1～1.15、镁铝比按照不低于0.70控制；S1. Begin to adjust and increase the proportion of acidic materials 8 hours before the wind break, and at the same time add 15-20kg of serpentine per ton of iron, control the slag basicity R2 at 1.1-1.15, and the magnesium-aluminum ratio at not less than 0.70;
S2、休风前8小时，根据炉温情况轻负荷，将焦比提高20～30kg/t，炉温按照不低于0.3％控制；S2, 8 hours before the wind break, according to the light load of the furnace temperature, the coke ratio is increased by 20-30kg/t, and the furnace temperature is controlled at not less than 0.3%;
S3、休风前2～3小时陆续加净焦3-5批，并控制休风最后一批料为焦炭；S3. Add 3-5 batches of clean coke 2 to 3 hours before the wind break, and control the last batch of the wind break to be coke;
S4、休风前8小时，顶温按照不低于200℃控制，降料面开始后，顶温则按照250～300℃控制，以确保Zn及碱金属随煤气溢出高炉；S4. 8 hours before the wind break, the top temperature should be controlled at not less than 200 °C, and after the material reduction level starts, the top temperature should be controlled at 250-300 °C to ensure that Zn and alkali metals overflow the blast furnace with the gas;
S5、休风后确保料线达到不低于炉身最下层冷却壁上沿。S5. Make sure that the material line is not lower than the upper edge of the lowermost cooling wall of the furnace body after the wind break.
具体的，若检修时间紧张，为确保休风后，能正常执行检修作业，步骤S4还包括，休风前1小时顶温按照按照200～250℃控制。Specifically, if the maintenance time is tight, in order to ensure that the maintenance operation can be performed normally after the wind break, step S4 further includes that the top temperature is controlled at 200-250° C. 1 hour before the wind break.
具体的，步骤3)包括：对炉墙结厚部位，通过打水急冷方式进行处理。Specifically, step 3) includes: treating the thickened part of the furnace wall by quenching with water.
实施例1排碱效果实验Embodiment 1 Alkali discharge effect experiment
通过本实施例的集中排碱工艺方法，对检修后短期内大幅缓解了碱金属影响，对高炉提产降耗有重要意义。表1是发明人单位2021年2-5月集中排碱前后高炉指标对比(数据对比采用生产条件一致的同车间两座高炉，取集中排碱前后各10天数据)。Through the centralized alkali discharge process method of this embodiment, the influence of alkali metals is greatly alleviated in a short period of time after maintenance, and it is of great significance to increase production and reduce consumption of blast furnaces. Table 1 shows the comparison of blast furnace indicators before and after centralized alkali discharge from February to May 2021 (data comparison uses two blast furnaces in the same workshop with the same production conditions, and takes 10 days of data before and after centralized alkali discharge).
表1Table 1
通过以上数据对比，采用本实施例的集中排碱工艺方法的高炉对比未集中排碱的高炉，在集中排碱短期内，燃料比降低5-10kg，小高炉(1000m3级别高炉)利用系数提高0.1～0.3t/(m3/d)，具有重大经济效益。Through the comparison of the above data, the blast furnace using the centralized alkali removal process method of the present embodiment is compared with the blast furnace without centralized alkali removal. In the short term of centralized alkali removal, the fuel ratio is reduced by 5-10kg, and the utilization coefficient of small blast furnaces (1000m 3 -level blast furnaces) is improved. 0.1～0.3t/(m 3 /d), with significant economic benefits.
尽管通过优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了详细描述，但本发明并不限于此。对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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