CN114771720A - A structure of making an uproar falls in multiple buffering that is used for icebreaking ship bulkhead to shock resistance - Google Patents
A structure of making an uproar falls in multiple buffering that is used for icebreaking ship bulkhead to shock resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN114771720A CN114771720A CN202210478051.XA CN202210478051A CN114771720A CN 114771720 A CN114771720 A CN 114771720A CN 202210478051 A CN202210478051 A CN 202210478051A CN 114771720 A CN114771720 A CN 114771720A
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- resistant
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
- B63B3/56—Bulkheads; Bulkhead reinforcements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63B35/083—Ice-breakers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-buffering impact-resistant noise reduction structure for an icebreaker bulkhead, which comprises two sandwich plates for noise reduction and an impact-resistant structure arranged between the two sandwich plates; the shock-resistant structure comprises a bearing curved plate, a first buffer reset structure, a bearing buffer support structure, a second buffer reset structure and a bearing base, wherein the bearing buffer support structure comprises a buffer connecting plate, the upper end of the buffer connecting plate is provided with a compression sleeve connected with a bearing panel, the lower end of the buffer connecting plate is provided with a guide pillar, and the guide pillar is provided with a reset elastic element connected with a lower sandwich plate; two ends of the first buffering reset structure are respectively in pivot connection with the bearing panel and the buffering connecting plate, and two ends of the second buffering reset structure are respectively in pivot connection with the buffering connecting plate and the bearing base. The structure can receive impact force from the outside in a large area and multiple directions while reducing noise, and effectively relieve the impact force through multiple shock absorption buffer protective barriers; the structure is reasonable, and the manufacture, the installation and the maintenance are convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ship bulkhead protecting device, in particular to a multi-buffering impact-resistant noise reduction structure for an icebreaking ship bulkhead.
Background
With the development of science and technology, people have wider application range for the requirements of modern ships. The polar icebreaker is extremely harsh in working environment, the bow of the ship is easily collided and broken under the influence of floating ice and tide, and even more, the ship enters water and is stranded, loses self-navigation capability and is in danger of being overturned. The ice belt area on the chord side of the ship can be damaged by the impact of the flowing ice load during the traveling, so that great hidden dangers are caused to the running safety of the ship and the personal safety of crews. And the impact load of the ice blocks can greatly influence the normal operation of precise instruments and equipment on the ship. In addition, the ship noise can not only cause the sound vibration fatigue damage of the structure of the ship equipment, but also influence the normal work of various instrument equipment in the cabin; for people living in the cabin, the comfort of the environment is influenced if the people are light, and the health of the people is harmed if the people are heavy.
The occurrence of various natural disasters or artificial disasters seriously tests the strength and toughness of the wall of the icebreaking ship. Therefore, in the design process of the icebreaker ice belt area, the properties of impact resistance, noise prevention and the like need to be considered. At present, the polar ship bulkhead basically adopts a multilayer bulkhead structure, a composite structure and a sandwich plate structure to protect the ship. Chinese patent with application number CN201811009526.0 discloses a gradually-holed impact-resistant ship bulkhead, which comprises two parallel sandwich plates, and a gradually-holed impact-resistant structure is arranged between the two sandwich plates. After the impact-resistant structure is impacted by an external load, although part of force can be counteracted, the anti-fatigue capability of the structure is lost, and the restoring force is lost after the impact, so that the structure cannot be used repeatedly, and undoubtedly causes great economic waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a multi-buffer impact-resistant noise-reducing structure for the bulkhead of an icebreaking ship, which can effectively relieve impact force, reduce noise and has a long service life.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a multi-buffer impact-resistant noise reduction structure for an ice breaking ship bulkhead, which comprises two sandwich plates for noise reduction and an impact-resistant structure arranged between the two sandwich plates; the shock-resistant structure comprises a bearing panel, a first buffer reset structure, a bearing buffer support structure, a second buffer reset structure and a bearing base, wherein the bearing buffer support structure comprises a buffer connecting plate, the upper end of the buffer connecting plate is provided with a compression sleeve, the lower end of the buffer connecting plate is provided with a guide pillar, the upper end of the compression sleeve is connected with the bearing panel, a reset elastic element is arranged on the guide pillar, and the lower end of the reset elastic element is connected with the sandwich panel; the two ends of the first buffering reset structure are respectively in pivot connection with the bearing panel and the buffering connecting plate, and the two ends of the second buffering reset structure are respectively in pivot connection with the buffering connecting plate and the bearing base.
Preferably, the sandwich panel comprises an upper plate layer and a lower plate layer which are parallel to each other, a bionic honeycomb structure is arranged between the upper plate layer and the lower plate layer, and a filler is filled in the bionic honeycomb structure; the bionic honeycomb structure can obstruct air circulation and reduce heat and sound wave conduction, has small honeycomb density and high strength, and is more favorable for resisting external extrusion force, thereby having the effects of compression resistance, fatigue resistance, heat preservation, heat insulation, noise reduction and noise reduction.
Preferably, the upper plate layer and the lower plate layer are both 3mm thick steel plates, the bionic honeycomb structure is made of aluminum materials, and the filler is porous honeycomb foamed aluminum.
Preferably, the bearing panel is square and can receive impact force with more area, and the bearing panel is made of spring steel.
Preferably, the compression sleeve comprises a bearing pressure rod, a sleeve and a cushioning elastic element arranged in the sleeve, one end of the bearing pressure rod is connected with the bearing panel, and the other end of the bearing pressure rod is connected with the cushioning elastic element.
Preferably, the first buffering reset structure comprises an elastic connecting rod and a ball head support, one end of the elastic connecting rod is hinged to the bearing panel, the other end of the elastic connecting rod is meshed with the ball head support, and the ball head support is connected with the buffering connecting plate.
Preferably, the second buffering reset structure comprises a bearing push rod and a ball head sleeve, one end of the bearing push rod is hinged to the buffering connecting plate, the other end of the bearing push rod is connected with a buffering elastic element arranged in the ball head sleeve, and the ball head sleeve is connected with the bearing base through a ball head support.
Preferably, the bearing base is an annular steel ring, so that impact force can be decomposed to the maximum extent, and damage to a bulkhead of a ship body is reduced.
Preferably, first buffering reset structure and second buffering reset structure set up a plurality of groups respectively, are annular evenly distributed, can deal with the impact force in all directions.
Has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. the impact force from the outside can be received in a large area and in multiple directions, and the impact force is effectively relieved through the multiple damping and buffering protective barriers; the original position can be recovered after the impact force is relieved, and the service life is long; 2. the noise reduction sandwich board has the effects of compression resistance, fatigue resistance, heat preservation, heat insulation, noise reduction and noise reduction; 3. reasonable structure, movable connection of all parts, convenient manufacture, installation and maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an impact resistant structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sandwich panel structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first buffer reset structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a load-bearing cushioned support structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second buffer reset structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the load bearing base structure of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the buffer connection plate of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a front view of an impact resistant structure of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a bottom view of the impact resistant structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the multiple buffering impact-resistant noise reduction structure for the ice-breaking cabin wall comprises two parallel noise reduction and noise reduction sandwich plates 1 and an impact-resistant structure 2 arranged between the two sandwich plates. As shown in fig. 3, the sandwich panel 1 includes an upper plate layer 11 and a lower plate layer 14 which are parallel to each other, the upper plate layer 11 and the lower plate layer 14 are both 3mm thick steel plates, a bionic honeycomb structure 12 made of aluminum material is arranged between the upper plate layer 11 and the lower plate layer 14, a filler 13 is filled in the bionic honeycomb structure 12, and the filler 13 is porous honeycomb foamed aluminum. The upper plate layer 11 and the lower plate layer 14 are tightly attached to the bionic honeycomb structure 12 to form a closed honeycomb plate, and the structure has the functions of sound insulation, shock absorption and heat preservation.
As shown in fig. 2 and 9-10, the impact-resistant structure 2 is a structure with an upper part and a lower part being circular, and includes a bearing panel 21, a first buffer restoration structure 22, a bearing buffer support structure 23, a second buffer restoration structure 24 and a bearing base 25; the bearing panel 21 is connected with the bearing buffering support structure 23, two ends of the first buffering reset structure 22 are respectively and pivotally connected with the bearing panel 21 and the buffering connecting plate 234 of the bearing buffering support structure 23, and two ends of the second buffering reset structure 24 are respectively and pivotally connected with the buffering connecting plate 234 of the bearing buffering support structure 23 and the bearing base 25.
As shown in fig. 4, the first buffer restoring structure 22 includes an elastic connecting rod 221 and a ball support 222, the elastic connecting rod 221 includes a connecting rod, a damping spring and a ball rod which are connected in sequence, the upper end of the connecting rod is hinged to the bearing panel 21 through a hole pin, the lower end of the ball rod is engaged with the ball support 222, and the ball support 222 is connected to the buffer connecting plate 234. The first buffer reset structures 22 are provided with 3 groups, and are uniformly distributed around the bearing buffer support structure 23 in an annular manner, so that the force in each direction can be better received and transmitted.
As shown in fig. 5, the load-bearing buffer supporting structure 23 includes a buffer connecting plate 234, a compression sleeve is disposed on the upper end of the buffer connecting plate, a guide pillar 235 is disposed on the lower end of the buffer connecting plate, the compression sleeve includes a load-bearing pressing rod 231, a sleeve 232 and a cushioning elastic element 233 disposed in the sleeve, one end of the load-bearing pressing rod 231 is connected to the load-bearing panel 21, the other end is connected to the cushioning elastic element 233, a return elastic element 236 is disposed on the guide pillar 235, and the lower end of the return elastic element 236 is connected to the lower sandwich panel.
As shown in fig. 6, the second buffer reduction structure 24 includes a load-bearing push rod 241, a ball sleeve 242, and a shock-absorbing elastic element 233; one end of the bearing push rod 241 is connected with a hole pin of the buffer connecting plate 234, the other end is connected with a shock absorption elastic element 233 arranged in a ball head sleeve 242, the ball head sleeve 242 is meshed with the ball head support 222 and rotates relatively, and the ball head support 222 is hinged with the bearing base 25. The second buffer reset structures 24 are arranged in 3 groups, each group is 2, and the second buffer reset structures are uniformly distributed around the bearing buffer support structure 23.
The elastic return element 236 is a return spring, the elastic cushioning element 233 is a cushioning spring, and the cushioning spring and the return spring are made of high-quality spring steel and are in a natural loose and uncompressed state when being installed. When the shock resistance structure is impacted by external force, the shock resistance structure is stressed and compressed to generate deformation to absorb energy; when the external force leaves, the reset elastic element and the damping elastic element in the shock-resistant component have the capacity of restoring the deformation before stress, and can meet the external impact force again.
As shown in fig. 7, the load-bearing base 25 is an annular steel ring, which can resolve the impact force to the maximum extent, thereby reducing the damage to the bulkhead.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the icebreaker is externally subjected to impact force, the bionic honeycomb structure 12 and the internal filler 13 in the outer sandwich plate are firstly acted on the outer sandwich plate, so that air circulation can be blocked, heat and sound wave conduction is reduced, the honeycomb density is small, the strength is high, the external extrusion force can be resisted more favorably, the effects of compression resistance, fatigue resistance, heat preservation, heat insulation, noise reduction and noise reduction are achieved, and a first buffer protection barrier is formed while noise reduction is achieved.
The impact force is then received by the load-bearing panel 21 of the impact-resistant structure 2, being transmitted on the one hand to the first buffer return structure 22 and on the other hand to the load-bearing buffer support structure 23. The 3 sets of first buffer restoring structures 22 arranged annularly can receive impact forces from different directions, enlarge the impact receiving area, and the shock absorbing springs in the elastic connecting rods 221 absorb a part of energy of external impact forces through deformation and transmit the energy to the buffer connecting plates 234 in the load-bearing buffer support structure 23 through the ball supports 222 to serve as a second buffer protection barrier of the impact-resistant structure.
The bearing press rod 231 in the bearing buffer support structure 23 receives the impact force transmitted by the bearing panel 21, and further compresses the cushioning spring 233 disposed in the sleeve 232, and the buffer connecting plate 234 receives the impact force from the cushioning spring 233 and the first buffer restoring structure 22 at the same time, and drives the guide pillar 235 to compress the restoring elastic element 236 to absorb the impact energy, so as to serve as a third buffer protection barrier of the impact resistant structure.
The 3 groups of 6 second buffer restoration structures 24 uniformly distributed around the bearing buffer support structure 23 receive impact force from the buffer connecting plate 234 in all directions, the bearing push rod 241 compresses the buffer spring 233 in the ball head sleeve 242, the spring can only stretch and retract but cannot bend, the support strength is larger, more uniform and more stable, and the buffer restoration structure serves as a fourth buffer protection barrier of the anti-impact structure.
The circular bearing base 25 receives the impact force transmitted by the second buffering reset structure 24, decomposes the impact force and transmits the decomposed impact force to the sandwich plate at the other side, and then absorbs and reduces the noise again, so that the reliability of the bulkhead structure of the ice breaker is ensured, and good effects of buffering, resisting impact and reducing the noise are achieved.
Claims (10)
1. A multiple buffering impact-resistant noise reduction structure for an icebreaker bulkhead is characterized by comprising two sandwich plates (1) for noise reduction and an impact-resistant structure (2) arranged between the two sandwich plates; the shock-resistant structure (2) comprises a bearing panel (21), a first buffer resetting structure (22), a bearing buffer supporting structure (23), a second buffer resetting structure (24) and a bearing base (25), wherein the bearing buffer supporting structure (23) comprises a buffer connecting plate (234), the upper end of the buffer connecting plate is provided with a compression sleeve connected with the bearing panel (21), the lower end of the buffer connecting plate is provided with a guide pillar (235), and a resetting elastic element (236) connected with a lower sandwich panel is arranged on the guide pillar (235); two ends of the first buffering reset structure (22) are respectively in pivot connection with the bearing panel (21) and the buffering connecting plate (234), and two ends of the second buffering reset structure (24) are respectively in pivot connection with the buffering connecting plate (234) and the bearing base (25).
2. The multiple-buffering impact-resistant and noise-reducing structure according to claim 1, wherein the sandwich panel (1) comprises an upper plate layer (11) and a lower plate layer (14) which are parallel to each other, a bionic honeycomb structure (12) is arranged between the upper plate layer (11) and the lower plate layer (14), and the bionic honeycomb structure (12) is filled with a filler (13).
3. Multiple cushioning, impact-resistant and noise-reducing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that both the upper (11) and lower (14) plies are 3mm thick steel plates.
4. The multiple-cushioning, impact-resistant and noise-reducing structure according to claim 2, wherein the biomimetic honeycomb structure (12) is made of aluminum material and the filler (13) is porous honeycomb aluminum foam.
5. Multiple-cushioning, impact-resistant and noise-reducing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said load-bearing panel (21) is square and made of spring steel.
6. Multiple-cushioning, impact-resistant and noise-reducing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said first cushioning and return structure (22) comprises an elastic link (221) and a ball-end seat (222), said elastic link (221) being hinged to the load-bearing panel (21) at one end and engaging with the ball-end seat (222) at the other end, the ball-end seat (222) being connected to the cushioning connection plate (234).
7. Multiple-cushioning, impact-resistant and noise-reducing structure according to claim 1, wherein the compression sleeve comprises a load-bearing strut (231), a sleeve (232) and a cushioning elastic element (233) disposed within the sleeve, the load-bearing strut (231) being connected at one end to the load-bearing panel (21) and at the other end to the cushioning elastic element (233).
8. The multiple-cushioning, impact-resistant and noise-reducing structure according to claim 1, wherein the second cushioning and return structure (24) comprises a load-bearing push rod (241) and a ball sleeve (242); one end of the bearing push rod (241) is hinged to the buffer connecting plate (234), the other end of the bearing push rod is connected with a shock absorption elastic element (233) arranged in the ball head sleeve (242), and the ball head sleeve (242) is connected with the bearing base (25) through the ball head support (222).
9. Multiple cushioning, impact-resistant and noise-reducing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the load-bearing base (25) is an annular steel ring.
10. The multiple-buffering impact-resistant noise-reducing structure according to claim 1, wherein the first buffering reset structures (22) and the second buffering reset structures (24) are respectively arranged in groups and are uniformly distributed in a ring shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210478051.XA CN114771720A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | A structure of making an uproar falls in multiple buffering that is used for icebreaking ship bulkhead to shock resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210478051.XA CN114771720A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | A structure of making an uproar falls in multiple buffering that is used for icebreaking ship bulkhead to shock resistance |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114771720A true CN114771720A (en) | 2022-07-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210478051.XA Pending CN114771720A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | A structure of making an uproar falls in multiple buffering that is used for icebreaking ship bulkhead to shock resistance |
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| CN (1) | CN114771720A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115226381A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Instrument cabinet that shocks resistance |
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| CN105736625A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-07-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Composite ship-based anti-impact stable platform and method based on six-freedom-degree parallel platform |
| CN205614647U (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-10-05 | 燕山大学 | Two degree of freedom spherical surface parallel mechanism of high rigidity |
| CN208683053U (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-04-02 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | Shock resistance bulkhead structure |
| CN112478047A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Elastic roller connecting rod resettable type polar ship anti-impact bulkhead |
| CN213117292U (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-05-04 | 宋文琦 | Vehicle-mounted vibration isolation platform for transporting precision instruments |
| KR102329994B1 (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-11-23 | 주경산업 주식회사 | A device for absorbing shock of a rear end collision |
-
2022
- 2022-04-29 CN CN202210478051.XA patent/CN114771720A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105736625A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-07-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Composite ship-based anti-impact stable platform and method based on six-freedom-degree parallel platform |
| CN205614647U (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-10-05 | 燕山大学 | Two degree of freedom spherical surface parallel mechanism of high rigidity |
| CN208683053U (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-04-02 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | Shock resistance bulkhead structure |
| CN213117292U (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-05-04 | 宋文琦 | Vehicle-mounted vibration isolation platform for transporting precision instruments |
| CN112478047A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Elastic roller connecting rod resettable type polar ship anti-impact bulkhead |
| KR102329994B1 (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-11-23 | 주경산업 주식회사 | A device for absorbing shock of a rear end collision |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115226381A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Instrument cabinet that shocks resistance |
| CN115226381B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2024-06-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Shock-resistant instrument cabinet |
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