CN1147711A

CN1147711A - DC motor commutator with several commutating rings

Info

Publication number: CN1147711A
Application number: CN 95112464
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈启星
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1995-10-04
Filing date: 1995-10-04
Publication date: 1997-04-16

Abstract

The commutator of the present invention is composed of two or more, rather than traditional one, commutating rings, which comprises commutating plates and thick insulating layer. The greatly increased thickness of insulating layer between positive and negative electrodes of commutator reduces the leakage resulting from graphite and metal powder and eliminates "ring fire" phenomenon damaging commutator.

Description

The commutator of many commutation ring type DC motor

The present invention is a kind of commutator of DC motor.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of dc motor rotor, main composition is: axle 1, commutator 2, bandage 3, armature core 4, winding 5, fan 6, traditional commutator 2 is that commutator segment and insulating barrier are produced on the independent ring (I am called commutative ring with it), on commutative ring, insulating barrier between the adjacent commutator segment just can only be the skim insulating material, owing in the running of motor, can produce many graphite powders and metal powder impurity attached to commutator face, make that graphite powder and the metal powder impurity by the commutative ring surface attachment produces big leakage current between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator, even produce " ring fire ", very big to commutator and motor harm.

The objective of the invention is to make the thickness of insulating layer on the commutative ring to increase considerably, promptly thickness of insulating layer increases considerably between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator, the electric leakage that makes between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator graphite powder and metal powder impurity by the commutative ring surface attachment produce reduces greatly, thereby stops the generation to maximum " ring fire " phenomenon of commutator harm.

The present invention is a kind of reversing arrangement of DC motor, it comprises commutator and brush two parts, the main element of commutator is that commutator segment 4* among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and the insulating barrier between the commutator segment (are designated hereinafter simply as insulating barrier, Fig. 2, do not draw among Fig. 3, it is the equiform thin layer with commutator segment 4*), in addition, fastening forming mode according to commutator can be divided into three kinds: one, arch commutator (Fig. 2), its insulating part has V-arrangement dead ring 3, mica sheet 5, fastening method is a lot, has by the securing member among Fig. 2: packing ring 1, screw rod 2, trim ring 6, sleeve 7 etc.; Two, plastic commutator (Fig. 3), its securing member are to be used for supporting and the fixing plastic seat 1 of commutator segment 4* and insulating barrier, and the wedge joint figure of commutator segment 4* and plastic seat 1 has a lot, and Fig. 3 is just wherein a kind of; Three, retaining ring formula commutator adopts nonconducting fiber that commutator segment and insulating barrier are bundled into commutator.These insulation and fastening means do not belong to scope of the present invention, but belong to the method that the present invention will directly continue to use.To should be mentioned that the insulating material between the commutator segment especially, by existing specification requirement be: " thickness is even; have certain elasticity; have less shrinkage under HTHP, and aging slower, its thermal endurance class should adapt with the thermal endurance class of motor; the adhesive that does not have more during the commutator assembling flows out; add not cracking in man-hour, hardness is suitable, and best and commutator segment has close wear rate." (selecting from " motor engineering handbook " the 4th volume, the 21-87 page or leaf), the present invention will directly continue to use above process and the existing specification requirement of material (should be mentioned that the insulating material between the commutator segment especially).Feature of the present invention is: commutator is not by traditional like that commutator segment and insulating barrier being produced on the independent ring (I am called commutative ring with it), but resemble Fig. 4 commutator segment 4* and insulating barrier 3 groupings are produced on two rings (A ring and B encircle) or the plural commutative ring, among Fig. 4, the commutator segment of A ring and B ring staggers mutually, and being insulated circle 1 separates, on each commutative ring, before the insulating barrier 3 between the adjacent commutator segment 4* just no longer resembles can only be the skim insulating material, and can be the insulating material of a bed thickness, for many rings commutator, the upper thickness limit of insulating barrier can be expressed with formula: thickness of insulating layer=(commutative ring number-1) * commutator segment thickness.So, thickness of insulating layer on each commutative ring increases considerably, promptly thickness of insulating layer increases considerably between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator, the electric leakage that makes between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator graphite powder and metal powder impurity by the commutative ring surface attachment produce reduces greatly, thereby has stopped the generation to maximum " ring fire " phenomenon of commutator harm.In addition, commutator segment on the commutative ring of armature far-end must have lead to lead to armature, and obviously, these leads can not lead to armature from the commutative ring outside, and must lead to armature in inner special " tunnel " (being called fairlead 5, the stain of commutator segment bottom among Fig. 4) of making from commutative ring.Among Fig. 4, brush 2 (the figure of the brush that do not draw among Fig. 4, only represent brush with the commutator position contacting with brush) be communicated with brush 8 and be attempted by positive source, brush 6 is communicated with brush 7 and is attempted by power cathode, in the commutator among Fig. 4, the position of brush 2,8 and

brush

6,7 just differs 180 electrical degrees.The width K of brush is with reference to " motor engineering handbook " the 4th volume, and 21-43 page or leaf, the width K of brush should guarantee to cover the desired minimum number of segment of winding (for the commutator of commutative ring more than, the minimum number of segment of indication is shared by each commutative ring).That is: the T of K＞(m+1); In the formula, T is the commutator segment distance, and m is the heavy way of winding.M is not less than the thickness T of commutator segment.

Embodiment is illustrated by accompanying drawing.

Among Fig. 4, commutator segment 4* and insulating barrier 3 groupings are produced on two commutative ring A and the B, the commutator segment of A ring and B ring staggers mutually, and being insulated circle 1 separates, on each commutative ring, before the insulating barrier between the adjacent commutator segment just no longer resembles can only be the skim insulating material, and can be the insulating material of a bed thickness, and its upper thickness limit equals commutator segment thickness.So, thickness of insulating layer on each commutative ring increases considerably, promptly thickness of insulating layer increases considerably between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator, the electric leakage that makes between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator graphite powder and metal powder impurity by the commutative ring surface attachment produce reduces greatly, thereby has stopped the generation to maximum " ring fire " phenomenon of commutator harm.In addition, the commutator segment on the commutative ring of armature far-end must have lead to lead to armature, and obviously, these leads can not lead to armature from the commutative ring outside, and must lead to armature from the inner special lead-in wire sky of making 5 of commutative ring.Among Fig. 4, brush 2 is communicated with brush 8 and is attempted by positive source, and brush 6 is communicated with brush 7 and is attempted by power cathode, and in the commutator among Fig. 4, the position of brush 2,8 and

brush

6,7 just differs 180 electrical degrees.The width K of brush should guarantee to cover the desired minimum number of segment of winding (two commutative ring on number of segment sum).That is: the T of K＞(m+1); In the formula, T is the commutator segment distance, and m is the heavy way of winding.M is not less than the thickness T of commutator segment.In order to reduce electric spark, brush thickness K be not less than the thickness T of commutator segment.

Claims

1, a kind of reversing arrangement of DC motor, it comprises commutator and brush two parts, the main element of commutator is that commutator segment 4* among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and the insulating barrier between the commutator segment (are designated hereinafter simply as insulating barrier, do not draw among Fig. 2, Fig. 3, it is the equiform thin layer with commutator segment 4*), in addition, fastening forming mode according to commutator can be divided into three kinds: one, arch commutator (Fig. 2), its insulating part has V-arrangement dead ring 3, mica sheet 5, fastening method is a lot, has by the securing member among Fig. 2: packing ring 1, screw rod 2, trim ring 6, sleeve 7 etc.; Two, plastic commutator (Fig. 3), its securing member are to be used for supporting and the fixing plastic seat 1 of commutator segment 4* and insulating barrier, and the wedge joint figure of commutator segment 4* and plastic seat 1 has a lot, and Fig. 3 is just wherein a kind of; Three, retaining ring formula commutator adopts nonconducting fiber that commutator segment and insulating barrier are bundled into commutator.These insulation and fastening means do not belong to scope of the present invention, but belong to the method that the present invention will directly continue to use.To should be mentioned that the insulating material between the commutator segment especially, by existing specification requirement be: " thickness is even; have certain elasticity; have less shrinkage under HTHP, and aging slower, its thermal endurance class should adapt with the thermal endurance class of motor; the adhesive that does not have more during the commutator assembling flows out; add not cracking in man-hour, hardness is suitable, and best and commutator segment has close wear rate." (selecting from " motor engineering handbook " the 4th volume, the 21-87 page or leaf), the present invention will directly continue to use above process and the existing specification requirement of material (should be mentioned that the insulating material between the commutator segment especially).Feature of the present invention is: commutator is not by traditional like that commutator segment and insulating barrier being produced on the independent ring (I am called commutative ring with it), but resemble Fig. 4 commutator segment 4* and insulating barrier 3 groupings are produced on two rings (A ring and B encircle) or the plural commutative ring, among Fig. 4, the commutator segment of A ring and B ring staggers mutually, and being insulated circle 1 separates, on each commutative ring, before the insulating barrier 3 between the adjacent commutator segment 4* just no longer resembles can only be the skim insulating material, and can be the insulating material of a bed thickness, for many rings commutator, the upper thickness limit of insulating barrier can be expressed with formula: thickness of insulating layer=(commutative ring number-1) * commutator segment thickness.So, thickness of insulating layer on each commutative ring increases considerably, promptly thickness of insulating layer increases considerably between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator, the electric leakage that makes between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator graphite powder and metal powder impurity by the commutative ring surface attachment produce reduces greatly, thereby has stopped the generation to maximum " ring fire " phenomenon of commutator harm.In addition, commutator segment on the commutative ring of armature far-end must have lead to lead to armature, and obviously, these leads can not lead to armature from the commutative ring outside, and must lead to armature in inner special " tunnel " (being called fairlead 5, the stain of commutator segment bottom among Fig. 4) of making from commutative ring.Among Fig. 4, brush 2 (the figure of the brush that do not draw among Fig. 4, only represent brush with the commutator position contacting with brush) be communicated with brush 8 and be attempted by positive source, brush 6 is communicated with brush 7 and is attempted by power cathode, in the commutator among Fig. 4, the position of brush 2,8 and brush 6,7 just differs 180 electrical degrees.The width K of brush is with reference to " motor engineering handbook " the 4th volume, and 21-43 page or leaf, the width K of brush should guarantee to cover the desired minimum number of segment of winding (for the commutator of commutative ring more than, the minimum number of segment of indication is shared by each commutative ring).That is: the T of K＞(m+1); In the formula, T is the commutator segment distance, and m is the heavy way of winding.M is not less than the thickness T of commutator segment.

2, the reversing arrangement of DC motor according to claim 1, its further feature is the commutator that adopts two commutative rings to constitute, among Fig. 4, commutator segment 4* and insulating barrier 3 groupings are produced on two commutative ring A and the B, the commutator segment of A ring and B ring staggers mutually, and being insulated circle 1 separates, on each commutative ring, before the insulating barrier between the adjacent commutator segment just no longer resembles can only be the skim insulating material, and can be the insulating material of a bed thickness, its upper thickness limit equals commutator segment thickness.So, thickness of insulating layer on each commutative ring increases considerably, promptly thickness of insulating layer increases considerably between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator, the electric leakage that makes between the power positive cathode on the rotor commutator graphite powder and metal powder impurity by the commutative ring surface attachment produce reduces greatly, thereby has stopped the generation to maximum " ring fire " phenomenon of commutator harm.In addition, the commutator segment on the commutative ring of armature far-end must have lead to lead to armature, and obviously, these leads can not lead to armature from the commutative ring outside, and must lead to armature from the inner special lead-in wire sky of making 5 of commutative ring.Among Fig. 4, brush 2 is communicated with brush 8 and is attempted by positive source, and brush 6 is communicated with brush 7 and is attempted by power cathode, and in the commutator among Fig. 4, the position of brush 2,8 and brush 6,7 just differs 180 electrical degrees.The width K of brush (the brush width K on a plurality of commutative rings of same commutator) should guarantee to cover the desired minimum number of segment of winding (number of segment on a plurality of commutative rings of same commutator).That is: the T of K＞(m+1); In the formula, T is the commutator segment distance, and m is the heavy way of winding.M is not less than the thickness T of commutator segment.In order to reduce electric spark, brush thickness K be not less than the thickness T of commutator segment.

3, the reversing arrangement of DC motor according to claim 1, its further feature are the commutators that adopts many commutative rings to constitute, and will concentrate on commutator segment dispersal device on the monocycle originally on a plurality of commutative rings.