CN114771044A - 一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法 - Google Patents

一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114771044A
CN114771044A CN202210488679.8A CN202210488679A CN114771044A CN 114771044 A CN114771044 A CN 114771044A CN 202210488679 A CN202210488679 A CN 202210488679A CN 114771044 A CN114771044 A CN 114771044A
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吴斌
张仔仟
王思琦
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Zhejiang Hangyin New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/008—Sewing, stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties

Abstract

本发明涉及一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，包括以下步骤：设定装配孔的形式；提供具有横向和纵向的纤维网材料，根据安装孔尺寸，在纤维网材料上采用环绕织造加工环形网，形成环形布层；将环形布层与碳布进行交替叠层，通过整体针刺或缝合工艺进行连接；本发明通过将碳布与环形布层叠加形成具有更高强度的纤维预制体，并且提高了非等截面复合材料构件窄边区域连续纤维含量，从而提升该区域的承载能力，提高构件可靠性，与仿型编织方法相比，由于在该方法中无需通过定位模具预留装配孔，制备效率得到有效提高。

Description

一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域，特别是涉及一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法。
背景技术
连续纤维增强复合材料由于具有比重小、强度高、可靠等优点，已成为重要的工程材料，在航空航天、交通等领域应用广泛。当作为结构件使用时，为满足装配需要，通常需要在复合材料构件中设计装配孔，从而使构件形成非等截面构型，尤其是当构件装配孔大小与构件截面尺寸接近时，将使构件成为一种典型的窄边非等截面构型。
纤维增强体通常被称为复合材料的骨架，在构件中承担承受载荷的功能，因此构件中纤维的连续性将决定构件的承载能力，对高可靠复合材料构件的获得至关重要。在传统的复合材料构件研制过程中，通常通过二维布铺层针刺或缝合的方式获得整体式纤维预制体，并在进行最终复合后通过机加的方式进行装配孔加工。受纤维方向性影响，采用上述方案加工的复合材料中贯穿的连续纤维因机加而遭受破坏，从而影响构件的承载能力，尤其是对于窄边非对称截面构件，在窄边位置极易发生开裂，从而影响构件的可靠性。
另一种研制方案为仿型制备工艺，即通过工装模具定位方式对上述安装孔进行定位并使用纤维进行环绕的方式实现安装孔的预制。在该工艺中，由于纤维排布时避开了安装孔，因此可以大幅降低机加过程对复合材料纤维增强体的损伤，但该工艺将极大增加纤维预制体制备复杂性，降低制备效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，解决上述问题。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的：一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，包括以下步骤：
设定装配孔的形式；
提供具有横向和纵向的纤维网材料，根据安装孔尺寸，在纤维网材料上采用环绕织造加工环形网，形成环形布层；
将环形布层与碳布进行交替叠层，通过整体针刺或缝合工艺进行连接；
叠层后形成的预制体，在环形布层的环形网处有较大厚度，此部位产生的厚度差通过纤维网胎进行调节；
得到非等截面构件窄边区域得到增强的纤维预制体，提升其窄边的承载能力。
作为本发明的优选，纤维预制体截面的长度与宽度比值至少为3.0，并且纤维预制体截面的宽度比安装孔径稍大。
作为本发明的优选，交替叠层后的环形布层与碳布采用带下倒钩刺的针对叠层进行反复针刺制成纤维预制体，针刺区域可不包括安装孔预留位。
作为本发明的优选，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料上的环形网可以是多个同心环形成的局部织网。
作为本发明的优选，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料上的环形网可以是蛛网式的局部织网。
作为本发明的优选，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料上的环形网可以是多个椭圆形形成的局部织网。
作为本发明的优选，环形布层的环形网中间位置即为装配孔预留位置，叠层后可明显看出装配孔预留位置。
作为本发明的优选，环形布层与碳纤维无需通过定位模具预留装配孔，提高制备效率。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：本发明通过将碳布与环形布层叠加形成具有更高强度的纤维预制体，并且提高了非等截面复合材料构件窄边区域连续纤维含量，从而提升该区域的承载能力，提高构件可靠性，与仿型编织方法相比，由于在该方法中无需通过定位模具预留装配孔，制备效率得到有效提高。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的多个同心环形成的局部织网示意图；
图2是本发明实施例的蛛网式的局部织网示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的多个椭圆形形成的局部织网示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，如图1-3所示，包括以下步骤：
设定装配孔的形式；
提供具有横向和纵向的纤维网材料10，根据安装孔尺寸，在纤维网材料10上采用环绕织造加工环形网20，形成环形布层；
将环形布层与碳布进行交替叠层，通过整体针刺或缝合工艺进行连接；
叠层后形成的预制体，在环形布层的环形网20处有较大厚度，此部位产生的厚度差通过纤维网胎进行调节；
得到非等截面构件窄边区域得到增强的纤维预制体，提升其窄边的承载能力。
进一步地，纤维预制体截面的长度与宽度比值至少为3.0，并且纤维预制体截面的宽度比安装孔径稍大。
进一步地，交替叠层后的环形布层与碳布采用带下倒钩刺的针对叠层进行反复针刺制成纤维预制体，针刺区域可不包括安装孔预留位。
进一步地，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料10上的环形网20可以是多个同心环形成的局部织网。
进一步地，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料10上的环形网20可以是蛛网式的局部织网。
进一步地，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料10上的环形网20可以是多个椭圆形形成的局部织网。
进一步地，环形布层的环形网20中间位置即为装配孔预留位置30，叠层后可明显看出装配孔预留位置30。
进一步地，环形布层与碳纤维无需通过定位模具预留装配孔，提高制备效率。
在使用时，根据安装孔的形式，选定不同种的环形网。
在纤维网材料10上通过环绕织造，将多股加强纤维编织纤维网材料10上，形成环形网20，环形网20使得纤维网材料10的窄边区域连续纤维含量提升，从而提高窄边区域的强度，形成具有局部加强的环形布层。
将环形布层与碳布叠加组合后，通过整体针刺或缝合工艺进行连接，得到增强的纤维预制体，由于环形布层的环形网20处纤维较多，厚度较大，因此叠加后，该局部的厚度与周围厚度差异较大，此处的厚度差通过纤维网胎进行调节，
最终制得非等截面构件窄边区域得到增强的纤维预制体，提高了非等截面复合材料构件窄边区域连续纤维含量，从而提升该区域的承载能力，提高构件可靠性。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
设定装配孔的形式；
提供具有横向和纵向的纤维网材料，根据安装孔尺寸，在纤维网材料上采用环绕织造加工环形网，形成环形布层；
将环形布层与碳布进行交替叠层，通过整体针刺或缝合工艺进行连接；
叠层后形成的预制体，在环形布层的环形网处有较大厚度，此部位产生的厚度差通过纤维网胎进行调节；
得到非等截面构件窄边区域得到增强的纤维预制体，提升其窄边的承载能力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，其特征在于，纤维预制体截面的长度与宽度比值至少为2.0，并且纤维预制体截面的宽度比安装孔径稍大。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，其特征在于，交替叠层后的环形布层与碳布采用带下倒钩刺的针对叠层进行反复针刺制成纤维预制体，针刺区域可不包括安装孔预留位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，其特征在于，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料上的环形网可以是多个同心环形成的局部织网。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，其特征在于，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料上的环形网可以是蛛网式的局部织网。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，其特征在于，根据装配孔的形式，纤维网材料上的环形网可以是多个椭圆形形成的局部织网。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，其特征在于，环形布层的环形网中间位置即为装配孔预留位置，叠层后可明显看出装配孔预留位置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种窄边非等截面复合材料构件纤维预制体制备方法，其特征在于，环形布层与碳纤维无需通过定位模具预留装配孔，提高制备效率。
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