CN114770289A - Grinding and polishing device and calibration method - Google Patents

Grinding and polishing device and calibration method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114770289A
CN114770289A CN202210287616.6A CN202210287616A CN114770289A CN 114770289 A CN114770289 A CN 114770289A CN 202210287616 A CN202210287616 A CN 202210287616A CN 114770289 A CN114770289 A CN 114770289A
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China
Prior art keywords
grinding
grinding disc
polishing
pressure
disc
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Granted
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CN202210287616.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114770289B (en
Inventor
方思雯
李耀楠
陈和平
曹凯
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Shenzhen Academy Of Robotics
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Shenzhen Academy Of Robotics
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Publication of CN114770289A publication Critical patent/CN114770289A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/04Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B24B49/04Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation

Abstract

The invention discloses a grinding and polishing device and a calibration method, relating to the technical field of grinding and polishing equipment, wherein the polishing device comprises: a bracket having a mounting part for connecting with an outside; the grinding and polishing assembly comprises a rotating main shaft and a grinding disc, the rotating main shaft is arranged on the bracket, the grinding disc is arranged on the rotating main shaft, and the grinding disc has elasticity; the force control mechanism comprises a force sensor and contact wheels, the force sensor is installed on the support, the contact wheels are provided with two contact wheels, the two contact wheels are respectively arranged on two sides of the grinding disc, the force sensor is used for detecting the pressure of the contact wheels, and the contact wheels are used for being abutted to workpieces. When grinding and polishing work is carried out, the grinding disc and the surface of a workpiece are mutually extruded, and because the relative positions of the grinding disc and the two contact wheels are fixed, the pressure of the grinding and polishing workpiece is only from the deformation pressure of the grinding disc, so that the pressure between the grinding disc and the workpiece can be kept constant; the pressure between the grinding disc and the workpiece is only related to the deformation of the grinding disc, so that the force drying resistance and the constant force precision of the grinding and polishing device are improved.

Description

Grinding and polishing device and calibration method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polishing equipment, in particular to a polishing device and a calibration method.
Background
In the surface automatic grinding and polishing of castings and injection molding parts, three track modes are commonly used: position mode, passive float mode, and active force control mode.
The position mode means that the track of automatic grinding is fixed, is generally obtained by a mode based on manual teaching, is characterized in that the track is fixed, and has the defect that the shape error caused by workpiece manufacturing and clamping cannot be self-adapted. The passive floating mode is a mode in which the grinding tool is fixed in a floating manner, and the position of the grinding tool can be passively adjusted when an external force is applied, and is typically represented by an air-floating spindle. This approach is suitable for scenarios that allow for large sanding contact forces, such as metal polishing with a high number of plates, while for softer textured materials, where the allowable contact forces are small, the typical floating device stiffness does not meet the need for passive changes in its position. The active force control mode generally refers to a mode that the force sensor measures the stress condition in the grinding positive pressure direction, the offset of the automatic grinding track in the direction is adjusted through a control method, and therefore the contact force between the grinding tool and the workpiece is controlled. The latter two have a limited working range for maintaining a constant force: theoretically, floating polishing depends on the passive flexibility of a floating tool, the constant force can be approximately considered in small floating, the constant force is difficult to guarantee after the constant force exceeds the working range, and over-polishing can occur on plastic materials; the force noise caused by the rotation of the main shaft in the process of active force control is large, and the control precision of the plastic material is insufficient, so that the surface damage is difficult to ensure.
To summarize: for the position mode, a region of missing processing or over processing may occur because the position change of the actual workpiece cannot be adapted; for both passive float and active force control modes, the actual control accuracy of the system is not satisfactory when it is desired to maintain a small contact force.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the grinding and polishing device provided by the invention can realize self-adaption to the position error of the workpiece, and has the characteristics of strong force and drying resistance and high constant force precision.
The invention also provides a calibration method applied to the grinding and polishing device.
The grinding and polishing device of one embodiment of the invention comprises: a bracket having a mounting part for connection with an outside; the grinding and polishing assembly comprises a rotating main shaft and a grinding disc, the rotating main shaft is arranged on the bracket, the grinding disc is arranged on the rotating main shaft, and the grinding disc has elasticity; the force control mechanism comprises force sensors and contact wheels, the force sensors are installed on the support, the contact wheels are provided with two contact wheels, the two contact wheels are respectively arranged on two sides of the grinding disc, the force sensors are used for detecting the pressure of the contact wheels, and the contact wheels are used for being abutted to workpieces.
In some embodiments, the force control mechanism further includes a base and a fixing rod, the base is connected to the force sensor, the fixing rods are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the rotating main shaft, and the contact wheel is fixed to the fixing rods.
In some embodiments, the contact wheel is cylindrical, and the rolling direction of the contact wheel is consistent with the moving direction of the grinding disc.
In some embodiments, the contact wheel is a rigid wheel.
In some embodiments, the polishing assembly further comprises a spindle clamp and an adjusting mechanism, the adjusting mechanism is connected with the support, the spindle clamp is mounted on the adjusting mechanism, the spindle clamp is used for fixing the rotating spindle, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the height of the rotating spindle.
In some embodiments, the adjusting mechanism includes a fixing column and a tightening and loosening member, one end of the tightening and loosening member is fixedly connected to the spindle clamp, the tightening and loosening member has a through hole cooperatively connected to the fixing column, and the tightening and loosening member is locked and fixed by a connecting member.
In some embodiments, the fixed post is provided with a graduation mark.
In some embodiments, the grinding disc comprises a base disc, an elastic element and a grinding and polishing element which are sequentially arranged in a stacked manner, and the base disc is fixed on the rotating main shaft.
In some embodiments, the elastic member is a sponge.
The calibration method of another embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: adjusting the height of the grinding disc at the tail end of the rotating main shaft to be lower than the height of the lowest position of the contact wheel; enabling the grinding disc to be abutted against and extruded by the pressure calibration table until the pressure of the pressure calibration table is equal to the pressure of the grinding disc for grinding and polishing the workpiece; and adjusting the height of the contact wheel to enable the contact wheel to be abutted against the pressure calibration table.
The grinding and polishing device provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: in the embodiment of the invention, the bracket is connected with the robot or the machine tool through the mounting part, and the robot or the machine tool drives the grinding and polishing device to move on the surface of the workpiece. The both sides of mill set up the contact wheel with workpiece surface butt to utilize force sensor to detect the pressure of contact wheel, force sensor and feed back the pressure of contact wheel to robot or lathe, make contact wheel and workpiece surface keep certain contact pressure, ensure that mill and workpiece surface can remain the laminating all the time, in order to realize the self-adaptation to the workpiece position. When grinding and polishing work is carried out, the grinding disc and the surface of a workpiece are mutually extruded, and the relative positions of the grinding disc and the two contact wheels are fixed, so that the pressure of the grinding and polishing workpiece is only from the deformation pressure of the grinding disc, and the pressure between the grinding disc and the workpiece can be kept constant. In addition, the contact wheel is arranged, so that the pressure between the grinding disc and the workpiece is only related to the deformation of the grinding disc, and the deformation of the grinding disc in the flat surface is basically consistent, so that the grinding and polishing device has stronger force and drying resistance and higher constant force precision.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a sanding polishing apparatus according to an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another view of a sanding polishing apparatus according to an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows:
the grinding wheel fixing device comprises a support 10, an installation part 11, a supporting plate 12, a rotating main shaft 21, a grinding disc 22, a main shaft clamp 23, a fixing column 241, scales 2411, an elastic component 242, a force sensor 31, a contact wheel 32, a base 33 and a fixing rod 34.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality is one or more, the meaning of a plurality is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the present numbers, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the present numbers. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specifically limited, terms such as set, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention by combining the specific contents of the technical solutions.
In the description of the present invention, reference to the description of "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, a grinding and polishing apparatus is disclosed, and the grinding and polishing apparatus includes a support 10, a grinding and polishing assembly, and a force control mechanism.
Specifically, the bracket 10 has a mounting portion 11, and the mounting portion 11 is used for connecting with the outside; the grinding and polishing assembly comprises a rotating main shaft 21 and a grinding disc 22, wherein the rotating main shaft 21 is arranged on the bracket 10, the grinding disc 22 is arranged on the rotating main shaft 21, and the grinding disc 22 has elasticity; the force control mechanism comprises a force sensor 31 and a contact wheel 32, the force sensor 31 is mounted on the bracket 10, the contact wheel 32 is provided with two contact wheels 32 which are respectively arranged on two sides of the grinding disc 22, the force sensor 31 is used for detecting the pressure of the contact wheel 32, and the contact wheel 32 is used for being abutted to a workpiece.
When the grinding and polishing device is mounted on a robot or a machine tool, the robot or the machine tool is used for driving the grinding and polishing device to move on the surface of a workpiece. During grinding and polishing, the robot or the machine tool drives the contact wheel 32 to extrude with the surface of the workpiece, so that a certain extrusion force is maintained between the contact wheel 32 and the surface of the workpiece, and the extrusion wheel is always abutted against the workpiece in the grinding and polishing process. The force sensor 31 feeds back the detected pressure of the contact wheel 32 to the robot or the machine tool to guide the robot or the machine tool to move in the axial direction of the rotary spindle 21, so that the pressure is maintained at a set value, and the contact wheel 32 is prevented from crushing the surface of the workpiece.
It should be understood that the rotating spindle 21 can be selected from a pneumatic spindle or an electric spindle according to different applications, and can also be selected from a spindle driven to rotate by other driving methods, and the driving method of the rotating spindle 21 does not affect the technical effect of the grinding and polishing device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the bracket 10 is connected to a robot or a machine tool through the mounting portion 11, and the robot or the machine tool drives the grinding and polishing apparatus of the embodiment to move on the surface of the workpiece. Contact wheels 32 which are abutted to the surface of the workpiece are arranged on two sides of the grinding disc 22, the force sensor 31 is used for detecting the pressure applied to the contact wheels 32, the force sensor 31 feeds the pressure of the contact wheels 32 back to the robot or the machine tool, and the robot or the machine tool acts according to the pressure, so that the pressure between the contact wheels 32 and the surface of the workpiece is maintained in a set contact pressure range, the grinding disc 22 and the surface of the workpiece can be always kept attached, and the position of the workpiece can be self-adapted.
When grinding and polishing work is carried out, the grinding disc 22 and the surface of the workpiece are pressed against each other, and because the relative position of the grinding disc 22 and the two contact wheels 32 is fixed, the pressure for grinding and polishing the workpiece is only from the deformation pressure of the grinding disc 22, so that the pressure between the grinding disc 22 and the workpiece can be kept constant. In addition, the contact wheel 32 is arranged so that the pressure between the grinding disc 22 and the workpiece is only related to the deformation of the grinding disc 22, and the deformation of the grinding disc 22 is basically consistent in a flat surface, so that the grinding and polishing device has strong force-drying resistance and high constant force precision.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the force control mechanism includes a base 33 and a fixing rod 34, the base 33 is connected to the force sensor 31, the fixing rod 34 is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rotating main shaft 21, and the contact wheel 32 is fixed to the fixing rod 34. Wherein, the axes of the fixed rods 34 at both sides of the grinding disc 22 and the rotation axis of the rotation main shaft 21 are in the same vertical plane.
In some embodiments, the contact wheel 32 is cylindrical in shape, with the rolling direction of the contact wheel 32 being aligned with the direction of movement of the abrasive disc 22. The cylindrical contact wheel 32 can increase the contact area with the surface of the workpiece, and the contact wheel 32 is effectively prevented from crushing the surface of the workpiece.
It should be noted that the contact wheel 32 is a rigid wheel and the contact wheel 32 does not deform when subjected to reasonable compressive pressure. The contact wheel 32 is a rigid wheel, and the distance between the rotating main shaft 21 and the surface of the workpiece is not changed due to pressure change, so that the deformations generated by the grinding disc 22 in the grinding and polishing process are all equal, that is, the grinding and polishing pressure of the grinding disc 22 on the surface of the workpiece is equal.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure when the grinding disc 22 grinds and polishes the workpiece is provided only by the elastic deformation of the grinding disc 22, and the contact wheels 32 disposed on both sides of the rotating main shaft 21 can prevent the distance between the rotating main shaft 21 and the surface of the workpiece from being affected by other factors (such as pressure variation), so as to avoid the grinding and polishing pressure from being affected by external factors, thereby ensuring the grinding and polishing pressure to be constant. The contact wheel 32 is connected with the force sensor 31 through the fixed rod 34 and the base 33, the pressure of the contact force is directly transmitted to the force sensor 31, the force sensor 31 feeds the pressure back to the robot or the machine tool, so that the pressure of the contact wheel 32 and the surface of the workpiece is maintained at a set value, and the grinding and polishing can be guaranteed to be effectively contacted with the surface of the workpiece all the time in the grinding and polishing process. Furthermore, since the pressure between the abrasive disc 22 and the workpiece surface is provided only by the elastic deformation of the abrasive disc 22, irrespective of the pressure to which the contact wheel 32 is subjected, the force-resisting capability of the abrasive polishing apparatus is improved.
In some embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 1, the polishing assembly further includes a spindle clamp 23 and an adjusting mechanism, the adjusting mechanism is connected to the support 10, the spindle clamp 23 is mounted on the adjusting mechanism, the spindle clamp 23 is used for fixing the rotating spindle 21, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the height of the rotating spindle 21. It should be understood that the rotating spindle 21 is not directly connected to the base 33 or the force sensor 31. As can be seen from the figure, the grinding disc 22 is mounted at one end of the rotating main shaft 21, and the distance between the grinding disc 22 and the surface of the workpiece can be changed by changing the height of the rotating main shaft 21 through the adjusting mechanism. In other words, the degree of pressing of the grinding disc 22 against the workpiece surface can be adjusted by the adjusting mechanism, i.e., the grinding pressure can be changed.
In actual use, the grinding and polishing pressures required by different grinding and polishing processes are different, and the height of the rotating main shaft 21 can be correspondingly adjusted according to process requirements, so that the pressure of elastic deformation generated by the grinding disc 22 is equal to the required grinding and polishing pressure.
In some embodiments, the support 10 includes a support plate 12, the adjusting mechanism includes a fixing column 241 and a tightening unit 242, the fixing column 241 is fixedly mounted on the support plate 12, one end of the tightening unit 242 is fixedly connected to the spindle clamp 23, the tightening unit 242 has a through hole in mating connection with the fixing column 241, and the tightening unit 242 is fastened and fixed by a connecting member. By changing the relative position of the tightening/loosening member 242 on the fixing post 241, the height of the rotating spindle 21 is changed, and thus the purpose of adjusting the distance between the grinding disc 2222 and the surface of the workpiece is achieved.
In this embodiment, the connecting member is a bolt, the fastening member 242 is sleeved on the fixing column 241, and the fastening member 242 can be fastened or loosened by fastening or loosening the bolt, so as to conveniently adjust the height of the rotating main shaft 21.
In some embodiments, the fixing column 241 is provided with a scale 2411, which can visually reflect the height change of the rotating main shaft 21, so as to facilitate height adjustment.
In some embodiments, the grinding disc 22 comprises a base disc, an elastic member and a polishing member, which are sequentially stacked, and the base disc is fixed to the rotating main shaft 21. When the surface of the workpiece is ground and polished, the elastic part generates elastic deformation to provide extrusion force for the grinding and polishing part, so that the grinding and polishing part and the surface of the workpiece are mutually extruded. It should be understood that the base plate is a rigid member that does not deform under a range of pressures. In this embodiment, the elastic member is a sponge.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a calibration method in another aspect, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the height of the grinding disc 22 at the end of the rotating main shaft 21 to be lower than the lowest height of the contact wheel 32; abutting and extruding the grinding disc 22 with the pressure calibration table until the pressure of the pressure calibration table is equal to the pressure of the grinding disc 22 for grinding and polishing the workpiece; the height of the contact wheel 32 is adjusted so that the contact wheel 32 abuts against the pressure calibration table. At this time, the calibration operation is completed, and the grinding pressure of the grinding disc 22 on the workpiece can be considered to be equal to the calibration pressure by only ensuring that the contact wheels 32 on both sides of the grinding disc 22 are in effective contact with the surface of the workpiece when the grinding disc 22 is used.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. A sanding polishing device, comprising:
a bracket having a mounting portion for connection with an outside;
the grinding and polishing assembly comprises a rotating main shaft and a grinding disc, the rotating main shaft is arranged on the bracket, the grinding disc is arranged on the rotating main shaft, and the grinding disc has elasticity;
the force control mechanism comprises force sensors and contact wheels, the force sensors are installed on the support, the contact wheels are provided with two contact wheels, the two contact wheels are respectively arranged on two sides of the grinding disc, the force sensors are used for detecting the pressure of the contact wheels, and the contact wheels are used for being abutted to workpieces.
2. The grinding and polishing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the force control mechanism further comprises a base and fixing rods, the base is connected to the force sensor, the fixing rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rotating spindle, and the contact wheel is fixed to the fixing rods.
3. The sanding polishing device of claim 2 wherein the contact wheel is cylindrical and the rolling direction of the contact wheel is aligned with the direction of movement of the abrasive disc.
4. The abrasive polishing device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said contact wheel is a rigid wheel.
5. The polishing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polishing assembly further comprises a spindle holder and an adjusting mechanism, the adjusting mechanism is connected to the bracket, the spindle holder is mounted on the adjusting mechanism, the spindle holder is used for fixing the rotating spindle, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the height of the rotating spindle.
6. The grinding and polishing device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a fixing column and a tightening part, one end of the tightening part is fixedly connected with the spindle clamp, the tightening part is provided with a through hole in fit connection with the fixing column, and the tightening part is locked and fixed by a connecting piece.
7. The sanding polishing device as defined in claim 6, wherein the fixed post is provided with graduation marks.
8. The grinding and polishing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grinding disc comprises a base disc, an elastic member and a grinding and polishing member which are sequentially stacked, and the base disc is fixed to the rotating main shaft.
9. The sanding polishing device of claim 8, wherein the resilient member is a sponge.
10. A calibration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adjusting the height of the grinding disc at the tail end of the rotating main shaft to be lower than the height of the lowest position of the contact wheel;
enabling the grinding disc to abut against and extrude the pressure calibration table until the pressure of the pressure calibration table is equal to the pressure of the grinding disc for grinding and polishing the workpiece;
and adjusting the height of the contact wheel to enable the contact wheel to be abutted against the pressure calibration table.
CN202210287616.6A 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Grinding and polishing device and calibration method Active CN114770289B (en)

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