CN114770231A - Grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, machine tool and method combining in-situ grinding and high-speed electric spark machining - Google Patents
Grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, machine tool and method combining in-situ grinding and high-speed electric spark machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN114770231A CN114770231A CN202210475866.2A CN202210475866A CN114770231A CN 114770231 A CN114770231 A CN 114770231A CN 202210475866 A CN202210475866 A CN 202210475866A CN 114770231 A CN114770231 A CN 114770231A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, which relates to the technical field of aero-engine manufacturing, and comprises a Z-axis movement mechanism, a grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device and a grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, wherein the Z-axis movement mechanism is used for being installed on a machine tool main body; the S-axis movement mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis movement mechanism; the electric spark main shaft is arranged on the S-axis movement mechanism and provided with an electrode; and the rotary guide disc is arranged on the Z-axis movement mechanism, a guider and a grinding main shaft are arranged on the rotary guide disc, and a grinding part is arranged on the grinding main shaft. The invention also discloses an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machine tool and a method. The invention adopts a coupling method of one-time clamping, one-time space positioning and three processing technologies, avoids processing errors caused by repeated positioning, improves the processing precision, solves the problem that the high-speed electric spark processing cannot be carried out due to the limitation of a non-conductive high-temperature coating, and improves the problems of recast layer and serious microcrack after the special-shaped slot is expanded in the electric spark processing gas film orifice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aeroengine manufacturing, in particular to an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, machine tool and method.
Background
In the operating state of an aircraft engine, the turbine blades are required to withstand the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gases, and the ability of the turbine blades to carry high-temperature environments greatly affects the performance and service life of the engine. At present, advanced high-temperature alloy, high-temperature-resistant thermal barrier coating and air film cooling holes are commonly adopted for the turbine blades of the aero-engines to ensure the long-term reliable operation of the engines. However, with the improvement of the performance of the engine, the synchronous increase of the temperature before the turbine causes the service environment of the turbine blade to be more severe, the requirement of temperature resistance is increased, and the increase of the temperature resistance of the material is difficult. Thus, high temperature coating and film cooling hole cooling are effective ways to reduce surface temperature in order to better protect hot end components from ablation.
With the improvement of design capability and processing technology, the flow distribution characteristic of gas in the film hole on the surface of the blade can be fully utilized, and the special-shaped hole gradually becomes the main flow direction of the film hole of the engine blade. Therefore, more and more air film cooling holes of the hot end part of the engine are gradually changed into special-shaped holes from circular holes, and the air film cooling holes are gradually changed into the air film cooling holes which are firstly coated and then punched from the air film cooling holes which are coated after the electric spark machining. Firstly, the high-speed electric spark small hole machining is firstly carried out on the machining of the special-shaped hole, and then the electric spark forming machining of the air film orifice expansion special-shaped groove is carried out, but the process causes the problems of low efficiency, to-be-improved machining precision and the like; secondly, because the high temperature coating is non-conductive, it is difficult to perform electrical discharge machining because the non-conductive coating at the hole site to be machined must be removed prior to applying the electrical discharge machining.
Despite the current film hole machining methods, electrical discharge machining is still the most suitable machining method in terms of economy, reliability and effectiveness, although other machining methods (e.g., mechanical machining, electrochemical machining, laser machining) can also machine film cooling holes. Therefore, how to efficiently and accurately machine the special-shaped blade air film hole with the non-conductive high-temperature coating characteristic is the focus of attention of researchers for electric discharge machining.
Therefore, an in-situ combined grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, machine tool and method are provided to solve the above problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, a machine tool and a method, which can avoid machining errors caused by repeated positioning, improve machining precision, solve the problem that the high-speed electric spark machining cannot be carried out due to the limitation of a non-conductive high-temperature coating, and improve the problems of serious recasting layer and microcrack after an air film orifice expands a special-shaped groove in electric spark machining.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, which comprises:
the Z-axis movement mechanism is used for being installed on the machine tool main body;
the S-axis movement mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis movement mechanism, and the Z-axis movement mechanism can drive the S-axis movement mechanism to move along the Z axis;
the electric spark main shaft is arranged on the S-axis movement mechanism, the S-axis movement mechanism can drive the electric spark main shaft to move along an S axis, the electric spark main shaft is provided with an electrode, and the electric spark main shaft can drive the electrode to rotate around a C axis; wherein the S axis is parallel to the Z axis.
The rotary guide disc is mounted on the Z-axis movement mechanism and can rotate around a W axis, and the Z-axis movement mechanism can drive the rotary guide disc to be close to or far away from a workpiece mounted on the machine tool main body; the rotary guide disc is provided with a guider and a grinding main shaft, the grinding main shaft is provided with a grinding part, and the rotary guide disc can drive the guider and the grinding main shaft to rotate so as to enable the guider or the grinding main shaft to be positioned at a working position;
when the grinding part is located at a working position, the grinding spindle can drive the grinding part to rotate, and the non-conductive coating of the machining part of the workpiece is removed; when the guider is located at the working position, the S-axis motion mechanism can drive the electrode to move, so that the electrode penetrates through the guider to perform electric discharge machining on the workpiece, or the electrode is driven to be drawn out of the guider.
Preferably, the Z-axis movement mechanism is mounted on the machine tool main body through a Z-axis movement mechanism connecting plate.
Preferably, the electrode is a cylindrical electrode, and a through hole penetrating along the axial direction is formed in the cylindrical electrode.
Preferably, the grinding part adopts a grinding rod, and a through hole penetrating along the axial direction is formed in the grinding rod.
The invention also provides an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining machine tool, which comprises a machine tool main body and the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, wherein the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device is arranged on the machine tool main body.
Preferably, the machine tool body is provided with a machine tool body movement mechanism, and the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device is arranged on the machine tool body movement mechanism; the machine tool main body movement mechanism comprises an X-axis movement mechanism and a Y-axis movement mechanism and can drive the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device to move along the X axis and the Y axis.
Preferably, the workpiece is mounted on the machine tool main body through a workpiece holder, a machine tool main body rotating mechanism is mounted on the machine tool main body, and the workpiece holder is mounted on the main body rotating mechanism; the main body rotating mechanism comprises a B-axis rotating mechanism and a C-axis rotating mechanism, and can drive the workpiece to rotate along the B axis and rotate around the C axis.
The invention also provides an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining method, which adopts the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining tool and comprises the following steps:
s1: mounting a workpiece on the machine tool body;
s2: rotating the rotary guide disc, switching the grinding piece to a working position, executing a mechanical grinding program, and removing the non-conductive coating on the surface of the workpiece at the position of the expansion special-shaped groove for processing the air film hole;
s3: rotating the rotary guide disc, switching the guide to a working position, feeding the electrode to enable the electrode to penetrate through the guide and extend out, executing an electric spark milling program, and machining the gas film hole opening expansion special-shaped groove with allowance;
s4: and executing an electric spark grinding program, reducing a surface defect layer on the air film hole opening expansion special-shaped groove, and finishing the machining or waiting for a subsequent process.
Preferably, before the step S1, the method further includes the steps of:
s11: respectively generating automatic processing codes of mechanical grinding, electric spark milling and electric spark grinding of the air film orifice expansion special-shaped groove through the three-dimensional model;
s12: and determining the origin position of the workpiece coordinate system through the respective edge collision of the electrode and the grinding part.
Preferably, in step S3, the electric spark milling process is executed by using a first electric energy; in step S4, the electric spark grinding process is executed by using a second electric energy; and the first electrical energy is greater than the second electrical energy;
in step S2, when the mechanical grinding process is performed, an external filling liquid is started, and the working liquid used for the external filling liquid is deionized water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention can realize multi-process composite processing on the same equipment, firstly remove the least possible non-conductive high-temperature coating on the surface of a workpiece through mechanical micro-grinding, provide a foundation for processing a special-shaped hole through high-speed electric spark discharge, secondly rapidly process a gas film hole opening expansion special-shaped groove through high-energy high-speed electric spark milling, obviously improve the processing efficiency compared with forming processing, and moreover, overcome the defects of recasting layer and the like through low-energy electric spark grinding processing, simultaneously can rotate a guide disc to switch a tool electrode guider and a hollow grinding rod, eliminate errors caused by repeated clamping and repeated positioning, and improve the processing efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a mechanical grinding operation to remove a coating, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas film orifice expanding profile groove machined by high-energy electric spark milling according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a low energy spark grinding operation to remove an improved recast layer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a 1-Z-axis movement mechanism, a 2-S-axis movement mechanism, a 3-spindle connecting plate, a 4-electric spark spindle, a 5-hollow cylindrical electrode, a 6-rotary guide disc, a 7-grinding spindle, an 8-workpiece, a 9-hollow grinding rod, a 10-coupler, a 11-Z-axis movement mechanism connecting plate, a 12-workpiece substrate, a 13-non-conductive high-temperature coating, a 14-workpiece recasting layer and a 15-guider.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, a machine tool and a method, which can avoid machining errors caused by repeated positioning, improve machining precision, solve the problem that the high-speed electric spark machining cannot be carried out due to the limitation of a non-conductive high-temperature coating, and improve the problems of serious recasting layer and microcrack after an air film orifice expands a special-shaped groove in electric spark machining.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides an in-situ combined grinding and high-speed electric discharge machining apparatus, including:
the Z-axis movement mechanism 1 is used for being installed on a machine tool main body;
the S-axis movement mechanism 2 is arranged on the Z-axis movement mechanism 1 through a main shaft connecting plate 3, and the Z-axis movement mechanism 1 can drive the S-axis movement mechanism 2 to move along the Z axis;
the electric spark main shaft 4 is installed on the S-axis movement mechanism 2, the S-axis movement mechanism 2 can drive the electric spark main shaft 4 to move along the S axis, the electric spark main shaft 4 is provided with an electrode, and the electric spark main shaft 4 can drive the electrode to rotate around the C axis; wherein the S axis is parallel to the Z axis.
The rotary guide disc 6 is rotatably arranged on the Z-axis movement mechanism 1 through a rotating shaft and can rotate around the W axis, and the Z-axis movement mechanism 1 can drive the rotary guide disc 6 to be close to or far away from a workpiece 8 arranged on the machine tool main body; the rotary guide disc 6 is provided with a guider 15 and a grinding main shaft 7, a grinding part is arranged on the grinding main shaft 7 through a coupler 10, and the rotary guide disc 6 can drive the guider 15 and the grinding main shaft 7 to rotate so as to enable the guider 15 or the grinding main shaft 7 to be in a working position;
when the grinding part is positioned at a working position, the grinding main shaft 7 can drive the grinding part to rotate, and the non-conductive coating of the processing part of the workpiece 8 is removed; when the guider 15 is in the working position, the S-axis motion mechanism 2 can drive the electrode to move, so that the electrode passes through the hollow guider 15 to perform electric spark machining on the workpiece 8, or the electrode is driven to be drawn out of the guider 15.
The high-speed electric spark machining in the embodiment of the invention refers to high-speed electric spark small hole machining, and the high-speed electric spark small hole machining is a special machining process in the industry.
In the embodiment, the Z-axis motion mechanism 1 is arranged on the machine tool main body through a Z-axis motion mechanism connecting plate 11 and can move along the X axis and the Y axis of the machine tool; specifically, a machine tool body movement mechanism is mounted on the machine tool body, and a Z-axis movement mechanism connecting plate 11 is mounted on the machine tool body movement mechanism; the machine tool main body movement mechanism comprises an X-axis movement mechanism and a Y-axis movement mechanism, and can drive the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device to move along the X axis and the Y axis.
In the present embodiment, the workpiece 8 is mounted on the machine tool main body by a workpiece holder, the machine tool main body is mounted with a machine tool main body rotating mechanism, and the workpiece holder is mounted on the main body rotating mechanism; the main body rotating mechanism comprises a B-axis rotating mechanism and a C-axis rotating mechanism, and can drive the workpiece 8 to rotate along the B-axis and rotate around the C-axis.
In this embodiment, the electrode is a hollow cylindrical electrode 5, preferably a hollow cylindrical electrode, and a through hole penetrating along the axial direction is formed in the hollow cylindrical electrode, so that high-pressure liquid filling can be realized, that is, high-pressure working liquid is filled in the through hole of the hollow cylindrical electrode, and the high-pressure working liquid is flushed out from the machining end to flush the machining interface; and the hollow cylindrical electrode can rotate at a high speed under the drive of the electric spark main shaft 4, and can realize the relative position feeding with the guider 15 under the drive of the feeding shaft (the S-axis movement mechanism 2).
Furthermore, the hollow cylindrical electrode 5 is made of brass or red copper, and the machining polarity of the high-speed electric spark milling and the high-speed electric spark grinding is positive.
In the embodiment, the grinding part adopts a hollow grinding rod 9, and a through hole which penetrates through the hollow grinding rod 9 along the axial direction is formed in the hollow grinding rod 9; the hollow grinding rod 9 can rotate at a high speed under the driving of the grinding spindle, so that the non-conductive high-temperature coating 13 can be removed by mechanical grinding.
In this embodiment, the guide 15 and the grinding rod mounted on the rotary steerable disk 6 are aligned in the working position perpendicular to the XOY plane, and the rotary steerable disk 6 can be switched over accurately.
In the embodiment, an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining machine tool is further provided, and comprises a machine tool main body and the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device, wherein the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device is arranged on the machine tool main body; wherein, the lathe main part is current mature technique, can select according to specific work needs.
In the embodiment, the combined grinding and high-speed edm is a 7-axis high-speed edm, and the movable axes include a movable axis X, Y, Z, S, a rotary axis B, C, W and two main axes; furthermore, the 7-axis high-speed electric spark combined machining tool comprises a numerical control system, a working solution circulating and deionizing and filtering system, a workbench, 7 servo axes, two main shafts, a machine tool main body and auxiliary systems. The numerical control system, the working liquid circulation system, the deionization filtering system and the like are mature prior art and can be selected according to specific working requirements.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the C axis is a rotation axis whose central line is parallel to the electric spark spindle 4, and the W axis is a rotation axis whose central line is parallel to the rotation axis of the rotary guiding disc 6, in one case, the rotation axis of the rotary guiding disc 6 is parallel to the Z axis, but is not collinear with the electric spark spindle 4; in another case, the rotating shaft of the rotary guide disk 6 has an included angle with the Z axis, so that when the rotary guide disk 6 rotates along the W axis, different processing devices (grinding spindles or electrodes) can be switched to process the workpiece; the B axis is a rotating axis of which the central line is parallel to the Y axis; the Z axis and the S axis are parallel to the central line of the C axis, when the electric spark main shaft 4 moves along the Z axis, the electric spark main shaft can be close to or far away from a workpiece, and the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are three-dimensional space coordinate axes which are mutually vertical in pairs.
In the embodiment, the spatial positioning of the processing position is realized through the X, Y, Z, B, C shaft of the machine tool, the servo feeding of the hollow cylindrical electrode 5 is realized through the S shaft, the switching of the processing position is realized through the rotary guide disc 6, the non-conductive high-temperature coating 13 is removed through mechanical grinding on the same machine tool, the conductive base material is removed through high-speed electric spark milling processing, the recast layer is improved through high-speed electric spark grinding processing, and the like, so that the processing of the gas film orifice expansion irregular groove with the non-conductive high-temperature coating 13 is realized.
In this embodiment, an in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric discharge machining method is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1: the automatic processing codes of mechanical grinding, electric spark cavity milling and electric spark grinding are respectively generated through the three-dimensional model, and the automatic generation of the processing codes through the three-dimensional model is a method which is usually adopted by a person skilled in the art, and is not described in detail herein.
S2: by moving the machine tool X, Y, Z, the positions of the origin of the coordinate systems of the two workpieces 8 are determined by the respective edges of the hollow cylindrical electrode 5 and the hollow grinding rod 9, wherein the hollow cylindrical electrode 5 and the hollow grinding rod 9 are each switched into the operating position by the rotary guide disk 6.
S3: and (3) mounting the workpiece 8 on a special fixture, mounting the fixture on a working platform of the machine tool, and enabling the workpiece 8 to rotate around the B axis and the C axis on the platform.
S4: as shown in fig. 2, the rotary guide disc 6 is rotated, the hollow grinding rod 9 is switched to the working position, the external filling liquid is opened (the working liquid is sprayed to the machined part through an external filling liquid pipeline), the mechanical grinding machining program is executed, a small amount of non-conductive high-temperature coating 13 on the machined part is removed, the workpiece substrate 12 is exposed, and the hollow grinding is moved to the far end until the machining is finished, so that collision is avoided.
S5: as shown in fig. 3, the rotary guide disk 6 is rotated to switch the guide 15 to the working position, the hollow cylindrical electrode 5 is fed, passes through the guide 15 and extends out for a short section, a high-energy electric spark milling program is started, an air film hole opening expansion special-shaped groove with a machining allowance is machined on the workpiece base body 12 by using the annular end surface of the hollow cylindrical electrode 5, and the guide 15 is moved to the far end until the machining is finished, so that collision is avoided.
S6: as shown in fig. 4, a low-energy electric spark grinding process is performed to machine a workpiece recast layer 14 on the workpiece base 12 using the cylindrical side surface of the hollow cylindrical electrode 5, to improve surface damage until machining is completed, and to finish machining/wait for a subsequent process.
The electric energy in the electric spark milling procedure is larger than that in the electric spark grinding procedure, namely, the electric spark milling procedure is large energy, and the electric spark grinding procedure is small energy; spark milling is generally above 10A current, while spark milling is generally below 5-6A current.
In this embodiment, the automatic machining code is automatically generated by the CAM software in step S1.
In the present embodiment, the touching of the hollow cylindrical electrode 5 in step S2 is determined using the short-circuit touch sensing signal.
In this embodiment, the high-energy high-speed electric spark milling process is integrated in a numerical control system, and includes servo control, tool electrode loss compensation, and I/O control, including high-pressure internal charging and external charging, spindle control, and pulse power control.
In this embodiment, the low-energy high-speed spark erosion grinding process is integrated in a numerical control system, including servo control, tool electrode loss compensation, and I/O control, including high-pressure internal and external charging fluids, spindle control, and pulse power control.
In the embodiment, the high-energy high-speed electric spark milling process and the low-energy high-speed electric spark grinding process are integrated in the same numerical control system, and when the available length of the hollow cylindrical electrode 5 is enough, the same hollow cylindrical electrode 5 is used for machining.
In conclusion, the invention can comprehensively utilize the advantages of mechanical grinding, high-energy high-speed electric spark milling and small-energy high-speed electric spark grinding, integrates the three methods into the same equipment device, adopts one-time clamping, one-time space positioning and three processing technology coupling methods, avoids the processing error caused by repeated positioning, improves the processing precision, saves the auxiliary time, greatly improves the processing efficiency, solves the problem that the high-speed electric spark processing cannot be carried out due to the limitation of a non-conductive high-temperature coating, and improves the problems that a recast layer and a microcrack are serious after a gas film orifice expands a special-shaped groove in the electric spark processing.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-situ combination grinding and high speed electrical discharge machining apparatus comprising:
the Z-axis movement mechanism is used for being installed on the machine tool main body;
the S-axis movement mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis movement mechanism, and the Z-axis movement mechanism can drive the S-axis movement mechanism to move along the Z axis;
the electric spark main shaft is arranged on the S-axis movement mechanism, the S-axis movement mechanism can drive the electric spark main shaft to move along an S axis, the electric spark main shaft is provided with an electrode, and the electric spark main shaft can drive the electrode to rotate around a C axis; wherein the S axis is parallel to the Z axis;
the rotary guide disc is mounted on the Z-axis movement mechanism and can rotate around a W axis, and the Z-axis movement mechanism can drive the rotary guide disc to be close to or far away from a workpiece mounted on the machine tool main body; the rotary guide disc is provided with a guider and a grinding main shaft, the grinding main shaft is provided with a grinding part, and the rotary guide disc can drive the guider and the grinding main shaft to rotate so as to enable the guider or the grinding main shaft to be positioned at a working position;
when the grinding part is located at a working position, the grinding main shaft can drive the grinding part to rotate, and the non-conductive coating of the processing part of the workpiece is removed; when the guider is located at the working position, the S-axis movement mechanism can drive the electrode to move, so that the electrode penetrates through the guider to perform electric spark machining on the workpiece, or the electrode is driven to be drawn out of the guider.
2. The combined grinding and high-speed electric discharge machining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the Z-axis moving mechanism is mounted on the machine tool body through a Z-axis moving mechanism connecting plate.
3. The combined grinding and high-speed electrical discharge machining apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrode is a cylindrical electrode having an axially extending through bore formed therein.
4. The in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric discharge machining device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the grinding part is a grinding rod, and a through hole penetrating along the axial direction is formed in the grinding rod.
5. A combined grinding and high speed electrical discharge machining tool comprising a tool body and a combined grinding and high speed electrical discharge machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 mounted on the tool body.
6. The combined grinding and high speed edm machine of claim 5 wherein said combined grinding and high speed edm machine is mounted on a machine body motion mechanism, said combined grinding and high speed edm machine being mounted on said machine body motion mechanism; the machine tool main body movement mechanism comprises an X-axis movement mechanism and a Y-axis movement mechanism and can drive the in-situ composite grinding and high-speed electric spark machining device to move along an X axis and a Y axis.
7. The combined in-situ grinding and high speed electric discharge machine according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the workpiece is mounted on the machine body by a workpiece holder, the machine body having a machine body rotating mechanism mounted thereon, the workpiece holder being mounted on the body rotating mechanism; the main body rotating mechanism comprises a B-axis rotating mechanism and a C-axis rotating mechanism, and can drive the workpiece to rotate along the B axis and rotate around the C axis.
8. A combined grinding and high speed electrical discharge machining method, characterized in that the combined grinding and high speed electrical discharge machining tool according to any one of claims 5-7 is used, comprising the steps of:
s1: mounting a workpiece on the machine tool body;
s2: rotating the rotary guide disc, switching the grinding piece to a working position, executing a mechanical grinding program, and removing the non-conductive coating on the surface of the workpiece at the position of the expansion special-shaped groove for processing the air film hole;
s3: rotating the rotary guide disc, switching the guide to a working position, feeding the electrode to enable the electrode to penetrate through the guide and extend out, executing an electric spark milling program, and machining the gas film orifice expansion special-shaped groove with allowance;
s4: and executing an electric spark grinding program, reducing a surface defect layer on the air film hole opening expansion special-shaped groove, and finishing the machining or waiting for a subsequent process.
9. The grinding and high speed electrical discharge machining method as claimed in claim 8, wherein before the step S1, the method further includes the steps of:
s11: respectively generating automatic processing codes of mechanical grinding, electric spark milling and electric spark grinding of the air film orifice expansion special-shaped groove through the three-dimensional model;
s12: and determining the origin position of the workpiece coordinate system through the respective edge collision of the electrode and the grinding part.
10. The combined in-situ grinding and high-speed electric discharge machining method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein in the step S3, the electric discharge milling procedure is performed using a first electric energy; in the step S4, the electric spark grinding process is performed using a second electric power; and the first electrical energy is greater than the second electrical energy;
in step S2, when the mechanical grinding process is performed, an external filling liquid is started, and the working liquid used for the external filling liquid is deionized water.
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| CN116871613A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-10-13 | 苏州三光科技股份有限公司 | Automatic switching system of director normal position numerical control and numerical control electric spark aperture machine tool |
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