CN114769352A - Stainless steel pipe forming method - Google Patents
Stainless steel pipe forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114769352A CN114769352A CN202210276921.5A CN202210276921A CN114769352A CN 114769352 A CN114769352 A CN 114769352A CN 202210276921 A CN202210276921 A CN 202210276921A CN 114769352 A CN114769352 A CN 114769352A
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stainless steel pipe forming method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, processing a cylindrical blank for forming a steel pipe, wherein one end of the blank is a clamping end; clamping the clamping end of the blank by a clamping device of the steel pipe forming device, and then heating the blank to soften the blank; extruding the central part of the blank by using a male die and stretching the blank to ensure that the central part of the blank is concave; heating the blank again to soften the blank, extruding the central part of the blank by using a convex die and stretching the blank to ensure that the central part of the blank gradually forms the shape of the inner hole of the steel pipe until a rough steel pipe is formed; and cutting the two ends of the rough steel pipe to a set length to obtain a refined steel pipe. The invention can detect the actual intracranial pressure of the patient in real time, is convenient for medical care personnel to adjust medical measures in time, and can realize the feedback shunt in an autonomous mode so as to stabilize the intracranial pressure of the patient at a set level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pipe processing, in particular to a stainless steel pipe forming method.
Background
The large-diameter stainless steel pipe is generally manufactured and formed by the following method: firstly, cutting a stainless steel plate into sheet-shaped steel strips, heating and softening the steel strips, continuously rolling and rolling the heated steel strips for multiple times to manufacture tube blanks, and then welding linear splicing seams of the tube blanks to manufacture the steel tubes.
However, the existing stainless steel pipe forming method still has the following technical defects: firstly, the production efficiency is low due to more production steps; secondly, because welding process influences mechanical strength such as leakproofness and antidetonation of steel pipe easily, consequently, after the steel pipe is made, still need polish, test compressive strength etc. to the butt weld, is unfavorable for the promotion of tubulation efficiency then.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stainless steel tube forming method, which can effectively improve the production efficiency of a stainless steel tube and ensure the sealing property and the mechanical strength of the stainless steel tube.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a forming method of a stainless steel pipe comprises the following steps:
a. processing a cylindrical blank for forming a steel pipe, wherein one end of the blank is a clamping end;
b. clamping the clamping end of the blank by a clamping device of the steel pipe forming device, and then heating the blank to soften the blank;
c. extruding the central part of the blank by using a male die and stretching the blank to enable the central part of the blank to be concave;
d. heating the blank again to soften the blank, extruding the central part of the blank by using a male die and stretching the blank to ensure that the central part of the blank gradually forms the shape of the inner hole of the steel pipe until a rough steel pipe is formed;
e. and cutting the two ends of the rough steel pipe to a set length to obtain a refined steel pipe.
As mentioned above, the existing large-diameter thick-wall stainless steel pipe is usually manufactured by first manufacturing a stainless steel plate blank, the length of the blank is the length of the steel pipe, the width of the blank is the circumference of the steel pipe, bending the blank into a pipe shape with a splicing seam, and then welding the splicing seam to form the final steel pipe product. The present invention creatively manufactures the columnar blank firstly, then heats the blank to soften the blank, then extrudes the central part of the blank by using the convex die and stretches the blank, and finally manufactures the blank into the 'authentic' stainless steel pipe which is closed in the circumferential direction after multiple times of heating, extruding and stretching, and on one hand, the present invention can save the working procedures of final welding, pressure resistance test after welding, etc., and on the other hand, the present invention can obviously improve the performance of the steel pipe, such as strength, leakage resistance, etc. In addition, compared with the rectangular stainless steel plate blank, the cylindrical blank of the invention can greatly simplify the processing and manufacturing.
It will be understood that the diameter of the stainless steel tube finally produced is related to the shape and size of the blank on the one hand and the shape and size of the punch on the other hand. Therefore, stainless steel pipes with different types and pipe diameters can be conveniently processed by replacing the male dies with different types and sizes.
In particular, the existing stainless steel tube processing method can only manufacture and mold pure steel tubes with circular cross sections, but can not make the best for some stainless steel tubes with non-circular cross sections, and theoretically, the invention can process and mold non-standard steel tubes with cross sections in any shape by adjusting the shape of the blank and replacing the male die.
Preferably, a drawing through hole is formed in the middle of the blank, so that the blank is tubular, the male die comprises a plurality of forming blocks which are connected in series through connecting lines, the cross section of each forming block is similar to the cross section of an inner hole of the steel pipe, the shape of each forming block is gradually increased from a first forming block far away from the clamping device to a last forming block close to the clamping device, the steel pipe forming device comprises a drawing mechanism detachably connected with the first forming block, in the step b, the connecting lines connected with the first forming block penetrate through the drawing through hole of the blank and are connected with the drawing mechanism, and then the clamping device is used for clamping the clamping end of the blank: in the step c, the stretching mechanism pulls the forming blocks through the connecting line until the first forming block penetrates out of the blank, so that an inner hole matched with the shape of the first forming block is formed in the central part of the blank; in the step d, the blank is heated and softened repeatedly, the stretching mechanism pulls the forming blocks repeatedly, the subsequent forming blocks sequentially penetrate through the batch of blanks until the last forming block penetrates through the blank, so that an inner hole matched with the shape of the last forming block is formed in the center of the blank, and the inner hole forms the shape of the inner hole of the steel pipe.
In the scheme, the blank is made into a tubular shape, the male die comprises a plurality of forming blocks which are connected in series through connecting lines, so that the male die is in a flexible sugarcoated haw shape, and when the forming blocks of the male die sequentially penetrate through the blank from small to large, the stretching through hole of the blank is matched with the shape of the inner hole of the steel pipe, so that the required steel pipe is formed.
Particularly, in the scheme, only one end of the blank is clamped, the other end of the blank is suspended, and when all forming blocks of the male die sequentially penetrate through the stretching through holes of the blank from small to large, the blank and the male die can be kept in a coaxial 'tight' state naturally, so that the structure and the processing steps of the whole set of steel pipe forming device are greatly simplified
Preferably, the outer diameter of the blank is equal to 70% -80% of the outer diameter of the steel pipe, the drawing through hole is a taper hole gradually reduced from the clamping end to the free end, correspondingly, the forming block is a taper matched with the taper of the drawing through hole, a plurality of ribs extending along the axial direction are arranged on the inner side wall of the drawing through hole, the ribs are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the drawing through hole, the cross section of each rib is triangular, so that the cross section of the drawing through hole is serrated, and the ribs are extruded when the forming block passes through the drawing through hole; and when the last forming block penetrates out of the blank, the ribs are all flattened, and the wall thickness of the stretching through hole is the wall thickness of the steel pipe.
In this solution, the drawing through-hole is made as a conical hole and, correspondingly, the forming block is made conical. Therefore, the forming block can conveniently enter the stretching through hole and can form radial extrusion on the stretching through hole. It can be understood that we can conveniently adjust the radial extrusion effect on the stretching through hole when stretching the forming block by adjusting the taper of the taper hole and the taper, so as to adapt to the processing and manufacturing of steel pipes with different pipe diameters, lengths and even materials.
In addition, the outer diameter of the blank is controlled to be 70% -80% of the outer diameter of the steel pipe, so that the aperture of the drawing through hole of the blank is gradually increased along with the gradual extrusion of the forming block to the drawing through hole of the blank, and correspondingly, the outer diameter of the blank is gradually increased until the required stainless steel pipe is finally formed. When the outer diameter of the blank is less than 70% of the outer diameter of the steel pipe, excessive radial stretching and expansion of the blank can be caused, and the blank is easy to generate a bursting phenomenon; when the outer diameter of the billet is greater than 80% of the outer diameter of the steel pipe, it is easy to make the outer diameter of the finally formed steel pipe larger than a desired size.
Preferably, the steel pipe forming device further comprises a plurality of groups of support sleeves which are sequentially arranged in the axial direction, each support sleeve comprises two movable seats which can move relatively, and a first half pipe and a second half pipe which are arranged on the movable seats in an elastically movable manner and are arranged oppositely, wherein high-frequency heating coils are arranged in the first half pipe and the second half pipe; in step d, when all the first half pipes and the second half pipes move relatively to splice into the supporting sleeves, the suspended ends of the stretched blanks are positioned in each group of supporting sleeves, and then the blanks are heated by the high-frequency heating coils in the first half pipes and the second half pipes to be softened.
In this scheme, steel pipe forming device still includes the support sleeve that a plurality of groups arranged in proper order in the axial. When a blank needs to be processed, the tail end of the blank can be clamped by the clamping device, and the suspended end of the blank is clamped, positioned and supported by the supporting sleeve, so that the suspended end of the blank can be prevented from being bent due to radial displacement. Of course, the first half-pipe and the second half-pipe of the support sleeve should preferably be arranged opposite one another in order to form a good support for the blank, avoiding it to bend downwards under the influence of gravity.
In addition, the support sleeve includes first and second halves that are relatively movable to facilitate entry of the free end of the billet into the support sleeve.
In particular, a high-frequency heating coil is provided in the first half pipe and the second half pipe. Thus, when the free end of the billet is located in the support sleeve, the high-frequency heating coils in the first half-pipe and the second half-pipe can heat and soften the billet. That is to say, in this scheme, the support sleeve pipe plays the support location effect to the blank on the one hand, plays the heating effect to the blank on the other hand. It can be understood that the supporting sleeve can also play a role similar to a 'hoop' on the blank, and the blank is prevented from bursting during stretch forming.
Of course, the aperture of the half inner holes of the first half pipe and the second half pipe should not be smaller than the outer diameter of the steel pipe, so that when the first group of support sleeves moves, the distance between the half inner holes of the first half pipe and the second half pipe should be equal to the outer diameter of the blank at the moment, and the half inner holes of the first half pipe and the second half pipe are pressed against the outer side of the blank. In this way, when the forming block penetrates through the stretching through hole of the blank, the length and the outer diameter of the blank are increased, therefore, the first half pipe and the second half pipe are arranged on the moving seat in an elastically movable mode, and when the outer diameter of the blank is increased, the first half pipe and the second half pipe can automatically elastically move back to the legs, so that the first half pipe and the second half pipe are ensured to be tightly attached to the blank all the time, and the blank is favorably heated.
When it is desired to reheat the billet, which has had an increased outer diameter and length, 2 or even more support sleeves can be moved simultaneously until the first half-pipe and the second half-pipe are pressed against the billet.
As mentioned above, the outer diameter of the billet can be controlled between 70% and 80% of the outer diameter of the steel pipe, that is, the increase of the outer diameter of the billet is limited, so that a gap as small as possible can be formed between the outer side surface of the billet and the two sides of the first half pipe and the second half pipe in the starting stage, and the heating of the billet by the first half pipe and the second half pipe is facilitated.
As an alternative scheme, the steel pipe forming device further comprises a plurality of annular flaming heating devices adopting fuel gas, the annular flaming heating devices are sequentially distributed in the axial direction, and when the blank needs to be heated, the annular flaming heating devices with corresponding number are started according to the length of the blank.
In this solution, the aforesaid support sleeve is replaced by an annular flame heating device using gas, so as to favour the heating of blanks of different shapes and sizes.
Preferably, the blank is in a sleeve shape with a closed suspended end, the steel tube forming device comprises a male die driving mechanism, the male die is in a rod shape, the tail end of the male die is connected with the male die driving mechanism, a rotatable abutting block is arranged on the front end face of the male die, when the male die needs to extrude the central part of the blank and stretch the blank, the male die driving mechanism drives the male die to rotate and move axially forwards at the same time, and when the abutting block abuts against the blank, the male die rotates relative to the abutting block and the blank.
In the scheme, the drawing through hole of the blank is made into a blind hole, so that the blank is in a sleeve shape with a closed free end, and correspondingly, the male die is in a rod shape. The male die driving mechanism can drive the rod-shaped male die to rotate and move forwards in the axial direction at the same time, and when the pressing block at the front end of the male die presses against the blank, the male die rotates relative to the pressing block and the blank, so that the male die is convenient to be separated from the drawing through hole of the blank.
Preferably, the male die driving mechanism comprises a threaded sleeve and an oil cylinder used for driving the male die, a screw rod screwed with the threaded sleeve is integrally arranged at the tail of the male die, the tail end of the screw rod is rotatably connected with a piston rod of the oil cylinder, and when the oil cylinder drives the screw rod to move forwards through the piston rod, the screw rod and the male die rotate together.
The oil cylinder can generate great axial thrust to the male die, the male die can rotate under the action of the threaded sleeve, and the threaded sleeve is fixed, so that the male die can rotate relative to the threaded sleeve.
Preferably, the helix angle of the screw is between 75 ° and 85 °.
By reasonably designing the helical angle of the screw, enough rotating force can be formed on the basis of ensuring the axial thrust of the male die. When the helical angle of the screw is smaller than 75 degrees, the rotating force formed on the male die is too small, and the phenomenon of blocking is easily generated. When the helical angle of the screw is larger than 85 degrees, the rotation angle of the male die is too small, and the male die is not favorably separated from the blank.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: not only can effectively promote the production efficiency of the stainless steel pipe, but also can ensure the sealing performance and the mechanical strength of the stainless steel pipe.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a forming structure of a stainless steel pipe.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of the male mold.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a blank construction.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of one construction of the support sleeve.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of the ring-shaped flaming heating device.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the punch driving mechanism and the punch.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a blank 11, a clamping end 12, a drawing through hole 13, ribs 2, a clamping device 3, a male die 31, a forming block 32, a connecting line 33, a pressing block 34, a screw rod 4, a drawing mechanism 5, a supporting sleeve 51, a moving seat 511, a sliding groove 512, a spring 52, a first half pipe 53, a second half pipe 6, an annular flame-throwing heating device 7, a screw sleeve 8 and a male die driving mechanism.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for forming a stainless steel pipe includes the following steps:
a. processing a cylindrical blank 1 for forming a steel pipe, wherein one end of the blank is a clamping end 11;
b. the clamping device 2 of the steel pipe forming device clamps the clamping end of the blank, and then heats the blank to soften the blank;
c. extruding the central part of the blank by using a male die 3 and stretching the blank to enable the central part of the blank to be concave;
d. heating the blank again to soften the blank, extruding the central part of the blank by using a male die and stretching the blank to ensure that the central part of the blank gradually forms the shape of the inner hole of the steel pipe until a rough steel pipe is formed;
e. and cutting the two ends of the rough steel pipe to a set length to obtain the refined steel pipe.
As mentioned above, the existing large-caliber thick-wall stainless steel pipe is usually manufactured by first manufacturing a stainless steel plate blank, the length of the cladding is the length of the steel pipe, the width of the blank is the circumference of the steel pipe, bending the blank into a pipe shape with a splicing seam, and then welding the splicing seam to form the final steel pipe product. The present invention creatively manufactures the columnar blank firstly, then heats the blank to soften the blank, then extrudes the central part of the blank by a convex die and stretches the blank, and finally manufactures the blank into the 'authentic' stainless steel pipe which is sealed in the circumferential direction after a plurality of times of heating, extruding and stretching, on one hand, the present invention can omit the procedures of final welding, pressure resistance test after welding, etc., on the other hand, the present invention can obviously improve the performance of the steel pipe, such as strength, leakage resistance, etc. In addition, compared with the rectangular stainless steel plate blank, the cylindrical blank of the invention can greatly simplify the processing and manufacturing.
It will be understood that the diameter of the finished stainless steel tube is related to the shape and size of the blank on the one hand and the shape and size of the punch on the other hand. Therefore, the male dies with different types and sizes can be replaced, and the steel pipes with different types and pipe diameters can be conveniently processed.
In particular, the existing stainless steel tube processing method can only manufacture and mold pure steel tubes with circular cross sections, but can not make the best for some stainless steel tubes with non-circular cross sections, and theoretically, the invention can process and mold non-standard steel tubes with cross sections in any shape by adjusting the shape of the blank and replacing the male die.
Preferably, the blank has a drawing through hole 12 in the middle to make the blank tubular, as shown in fig. 2, the male mold includes a plurality of forming blocks 31 connected in series by connecting lines 32, the cross section of the forming blocks is similar to the cross section of the inner hole of the steel pipe, and gradually increases from the first forming block far away from the clamping device to the last forming block close to the clamping device, the steel pipe forming device includes a drawing mechanism 4 detachably connected with the first forming block, in step b, the connecting lines connected with the first forming block are firstly passed through the drawing through hole of the blank and connected with the drawing mechanism, and then the clamping end of the blank is clamped by the clamping device: in the step c, the stretching mechanism pulls the forming blocks through the connecting line until the first forming block penetrates out of the blank, so that an inner hole matched with the shape of the first forming block is formed in the central part of the blank; in the step d, the blank is heated and softened repeatedly, the stretching mechanism pulls the forming blocks repeatedly, the subsequent forming blocks sequentially penetrate through the blank until the last forming block penetrates through the blank, so that an inner hole matched with the shape of the last forming block is formed in the center of the blank, and the inner hole forms the shape of the inner hole of the steel pipe. That is, the forming block draws and expands the original drawing through hole of the blank into the shape and the size of the inner hole required by the steel pipe.
It can be understood that the rear end of the blank is only needed to be clamped, the front end of the blank is in a suspended state, when the forming blocks of the male die sequentially penetrate through the stretching through holes of the blank from small to large, the blank and the male die can be naturally kept in a coaxial 'tight' state, the clamping and positioning of the front end of the blank are avoided, and therefore the structure and the processing steps of the whole set of steel pipe forming device are greatly simplified
Further, the outer diameter of the blank can be controlled to be 70% -80% of the outer diameter of the steel pipe, the drawing through hole is made into a taper hole which is gradually reduced from the clamping end to the hanging end, and correspondingly, the forming block is in a taper shape matched with the taper of the drawing through hole, so that the forming block can conveniently enter the drawing through hole and can radially extrude the drawing through hole. In addition, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of ribs 13 extending along the axial direction can be arranged on the inner side wall of the stretching through hole, the ribs are uniformly distributed on the circumferential direction of the stretching through hole, and the cross section of each rib is approximately triangular, so that the cross section of the stretching through hole is in a sawtooth shape.
Thus, the ribs can be extruded when the forming block sequentially passes through the stretching through holes; and when the last forming block penetrates out of the blank, the ribs are all flattened, so that the blank is made into a rough steel pipe, and the wall thickness of the stretching through hole is the wall thickness of the steel pipe. Of course, the outer diameter of the billet expands accordingly to the desired outer diameter of the steel pipe.
In particular, in the scheme, the forming block mainly stretches the blank to form the rough steel pipe by extruding the ribs, namely, in the process, the wall thickness of the blank has only small expansion, so that the blank is favorably made into the rough steel pipe, and the expansion and cracking phenomena caused by excessive expansion and stretching of the wall thickness of the blank can be avoided. It should be noted that the included angle of the top of the rib should be maintained at 60 ° or more, so as to avoid the rib from collapsing when the forming block is extruded, and then the adjacent ribs are overlapped with each other.
As another preferable scheme, as shown in fig. 4, the steel pipe forming apparatus further includes a plurality of groups of support sleeves 5 sequentially arranged in the axial direction, and each support sleeve includes two movable seats 51 capable of relatively moving, and a first half pipe 52 and a second half pipe 53 which are elastically movably disposed on the movable seats and are relatively arranged, and of course, the cross sections of the first half pipe and the second half pipe are semi-circular with openings on opposite sides, and when the movable seats drive the first half pipe and the second half pipe to relatively move, the first half pipe and the second half pipe can be spliced into the circular support sleeve.
In addition, the first half pipe and the second half pipe are internally provided with high-frequency heating coils (not shown in the figure), so that in the step b, after the clamping device clamps the clamping end of the blank, a first group of the first half pipe and the second half pipe close to the clamping end move relatively and are spliced into a supporting sleeve pipe, the blank hanging end is positioned in the supporting sleeve pipe, and then the high-frequency heating coils in the first half pipe and the second half pipe heat the blank to soften the blank; in step d, when all the first half pipes and the second half pipes move relatively to splice into the supporting sleeves, the suspended ends of the stretched blanks are positioned in each group of supporting sleeves, and then the blanks are heated by the high-frequency heating coils in the first half pipes and the second half pipes to be softened. That is, when all the first half pipes and the second half pipes are moved relatively and spliced to form the support sleeve, the total length of the support sleeve is matched with the length of the stainless steel pipe.
It should be noted that, the first half pipe and the second half pipe of this scheme both can adapt to the stainless steel pipe, also can adapt to the stainless steel pipe of non-pipe. Of course, the first half-pipe and the second half-pipe of the support sleeve should preferably be arranged opposite each other above and below in order to provide a good support for the blank and to avoid it bending downwards under the influence of gravity.
In particular, a high-frequency heating coil is provided in the first half pipe and the second half pipe. Thus, when the free end of the billet is located in the support sleeve, the high-frequency heating coils in the first half pipe and the second half pipe can heat the billet to soften the billet. That is to say, in this scheme, the support sleeve plays the support location effect to the blank on the one hand, plays the heating effect to the blank on the other hand. It can be understood that the supporting sleeve can also play a role similar to a 'hoop' on the blank, and the blank is prevented from bursting during stretch forming.
Certainly, the aperture of the half inner holes of the first half pipe and the second half pipe is not smaller than the outer diameter of the steel pipe, so that the half inner holes of the first half pipe and the second half pipe can be abutted against the outer side of the blank, and the phenomenon of 'vacation' is avoided. Because the length and the outer diameter of the blank are increased when the forming block penetrates through the stretching through hole of the blank, the first half pipe and the second half pipe of the invention are elastically and movably arranged on the moving seat, so that when the outer diameter of the blank is increased, the first half pipe and the second half pipe can automatically elastically move back legs, thereby ensuring that the first half pipe and the second half pipe are always tightly attached to the blank, and being beneficial to heating the blank.
Specifically, a sliding groove 511 can be formed in the movable seat, the first half pipe and the second half pipe can be movably arranged in the sliding groove, a spring 512 which abuts against the outer sides of the first half pipe and the second half pipe is arranged on the movable seat, and when the first half pipe and the second half pipe move relatively to be spliced into a supporting sleeve and extrude a blank suspension end located in the supporting sleeve, the first half pipe and the second half pipe can elastically retreat in the sliding groove. That is, when the first half-pipe and the second half-pipe are at the front end of the chute, their distance is equal to the maximum radial dimension of the blank at the very beginning; when the first half pipe and the second half pipe retreat to the rear end of the sliding chute, the distance is equal to the maximum radial dimension of the rough steel pipe. Certainly, an adjusting block can be arranged at the rear end of the sliding groove, the distance between the first half pipe and the second half pipe when the first half pipe and the second half pipe retreat to the rear end of the sliding groove can be conveniently adjusted by replacing different adjusting blocks, and the steel pipe adjusting device is further suitable for machining and manufacturing steel pipes with different sizes.
As an alternative, as shown in fig. 5, the steel pipe forming apparatus may also include a plurality of annular flaming heating devices 6 using gas, which are distributed in sequence in the axial direction, and when the blank needs to be heated, a corresponding number of annular flaming heating devices are activated according to the length of the blank.
In this solution, the aforesaid support sleeve is replaced by an annular flame heating device using gas, so as to favour the heating of blanks of different shapes and sizes.
In order to facilitate the male die to be separated from the drawing through hole of the blank, as shown in fig. 6, the blank can be made into a sleeve shape with a closed suspended end, the steel pipe forming device comprises a male die driving mechanism 8, the male die is rod-shaped, the tail end of the male die is connected with the male die driving mechanism, a rotatable abutting block 33 is arranged on the front end face of the male die, when the male die needs to extrude the central part of the blank and draw the blank, the male die driving mechanism drives the male die to rotate and axially move forwards while rotating, and when the abutting block abuts against the blank, the male die rotates relative to the abutting block and the blank, so that the male die is favorably separated from the drawing through hole of the blank.
Further, the male die driving mechanism comprises a threaded sleeve 7 and an oil cylinder used for driving the male die, a screw 34 in threaded connection with the threaded sleeve is integrally arranged at the tail of the male die, the tail end of the screw is rotatably connected with a piston rod of the oil cylinder, and when the oil cylinder drives the screw to move forwards through the piston rod, the screw and the male die rotate together.
The oil cylinder can generate great axial thrust to the male die, the male die can rotate under the action of the threaded sleeve, and the threaded sleeve is fixed, so that the male die can rotate relative to the threaded sleeve.
Preferably, the helical angle of the screw can be controlled between 75 and 85 degrees, and sufficient rotating force can be formed on the basis of ensuring the axial thrust of the punch so as to facilitate the punch to be separated from the blank.
Claims (8)
1. A stainless steel pipe forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. processing a cylindrical blank for forming a steel pipe, wherein one end of the blank is a clamping end;
b. clamping the clamping end of the blank by a clamping device of the steel pipe forming device, and then heating the blank to soften the blank;
c. extruding the central part of the blank by using a male die and stretching the blank to enable the central part of the blank to be concave;
d. heating the blank again to soften the blank, extruding the central part of the blank by using a male die and stretching the blank to ensure that the central part of the blank gradually forms the shape of the inner hole of the steel pipe until a rough steel pipe is formed;
e. and cutting the two ends of the rough steel pipe to a set length to obtain the refined steel pipe.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blank is provided with a drawing through hole therein so that the blank is tubular, the male die comprises a plurality of forming blocks connected in series by connecting lines, the cross section of the forming blocks is similar to the cross section of the inner hole of the steel pipe, and the forming blocks gradually increase from a first forming block far away from the clamping device to a last forming block close to the clamping device, the steel pipe forming device comprises a drawing mechanism detachably connected with the first forming block, in step b, the connecting lines connected with the first forming block are firstly passed through the drawing through hole of the blank and connected with the drawing mechanism, and then the clamping device is used for clamping the clamping end of the blank: in the step c, the stretching mechanism pulls the forming blocks through the connecting line until the first forming block penetrates out of the blank, so that an inner hole matched with the shape of the first forming block is formed in the central part of the blank; in the step d, the blank is heated and softened repeatedly, the stretching mechanism pulls the forming blocks repeatedly, the subsequent forming blocks sequentially penetrate through the batch of blanks until the last forming block penetrates through the blank, so that an inner hole matched with the shape of the last forming block is formed in the center of the blank, and the inner hole forms the shape of the inner hole of the steel pipe.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the billet is 70-80% of the outer diameter of the steel tube, the drawing through hole is a tapered hole gradually decreasing from the clamping end to the free end, and correspondingly, the forming block is tapered to match the taper of the drawing through hole, the inner side wall of the drawing through hole is provided with a plurality of ribs extending in the axial direction, the ribs are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the drawing through hole, the cross section of each rib is triangular, so that the cross section of the drawing through hole is serrated, and the ribs are extruded when the forming block passes through the drawing through hole; and when the last forming block penetrates out of the blank, the ribs are all flattened, and the wall thickness of the stretching through hole is the wall thickness of the steel pipe.
4. A method for forming a stainless steel tube according to claim 3, wherein the forming apparatus further comprises a plurality of sets of supporting sleeves arranged in sequence in the axial direction, the supporting sleeves comprise two movable seats capable of moving relatively, a first half tube and a second half tube arranged on the movable seats in an elastically movable manner, and a high-frequency heating coil is arranged in the first half tube and the second half tube, in step b, after the clamping device clamps the clamping end of the blank, the first half tube and the second half tube of the first set move relatively and are spliced into the supporting sleeve, the blank hanging end is positioned in the supporting sleeve, and then the high-frequency heating coil in the first half tube and the second half tube heats the blank to soften it; in step d, when all the first half pipe and the second half pipe move relatively to splice into the supporting sleeve, the suspended end of the stretched blank is positioned in each group of supporting sleeve, and then the high-frequency heating coils in the first half pipe and the second half pipe heat the blank to soften the blank.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forming device further comprises a plurality of annular flame heating devices using gas, the annular flame heating devices are distributed in sequence in the axial direction, and when the blank is required to be heated, a corresponding number of annular flame heating devices are started according to the length of the blank.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the blank is in the form of a closed-end-suspended sleeve, the steel tube forming apparatus comprises a punch driving mechanism, the punch is in the form of a rod, the rear end of the punch is connected to the punch driving mechanism, a rotatable pressing member is provided on the front end surface of the punch, when the punch is required to press the central portion of the blank and stretch the blank, the punch driving mechanism drives the punch to rotate and move axially forward while rotating, and when the pressing member presses the blank, the punch rotates relative to the pressing member and the blank.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the male die driving mechanism comprises a threaded sleeve and an oil cylinder for driving the male die, the tail part of the male die is integrally provided with a screw rod in threaded connection with the threaded sleeve, the tail end of the screw rod is rotatably connected with a piston rod of the oil cylinder, and when the oil cylinder drives the screw rod to move forward through the piston rod, the screw rod rotates together with the male die.
8. A method of forming a stainless steel tube according to claim 7 wherein the screw has a helix angle of between 75 ° and 85 °.
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