CN114260327B - Method for preparing axial variable cross-section pipe by radial continuous extrusion - Google Patents
Method for preparing axial variable cross-section pipe by radial continuous extrusion Download PDFInfo
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- CN114260327B CN114260327B CN202111567852.5A CN202111567852A CN114260327B CN 114260327 B CN114260327 B CN 114260327B CN 202111567852 A CN202111567852 A CN 202111567852A CN 114260327 B CN114260327 B CN 114260327B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing an axial variable cross-section pipe by radial continuous extrusion. In the method, in the process of feeding the pipe blank along the axial direction, each roller die in the radial feeding unit carries out radial feeding in real time, so that the section of the pipe blank with the original circular section is changed in real time, the special-shaped variable-section pipe is machined, the method is flexible and controllable in the process of machining a target part, only each roller die is required to carry out continuous radial feeding action, complex procedures are not required, large-size dies are not required, the machining cost is low, the operation is simple, and the machining efficiency is high. Meanwhile, the pipe is processed in different states, the roller molds made of different materials can be used for corresponding processing, and the disassembly and the replacement are convenient. When the pipe fitting with high strength and poor plasticity at room temperature is prepared, the pipe fitting is heated, the preparation of the pipe fitting is completed under the condition that the material has good deformability, the problems of limited material processing types and the like are avoided, the application range of the material is widened, and the production prospect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a special-shaped section pipe, in particular to a method for preparing an axial variable section pipe by adopting radial continuous extrusion.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile and aerospace industries, higher requirements are put forward on the service performance and reliability of the material. The pipe has higher rigidity and bending bearing capability compared with the plate, and the demand of the metal thin-wall pipe is continuously increased. Because different use conditions need to be met, the shape, the material type, the mechanical property and the like of the metal thin-wall pipe have certain differences, and the preparation methods are different. Thin-walled metal pipes are often machined to form pipes/tubes having a profiled cross-section. Based on different materials, the steel pipe is mainly divided into aluminum alloy pipe, magnesium alloy pipe, steel pipe and the like.
For the aluminum and magnesium alloy special-shaped cross section pipe, the method of drawing, extruding and the like is generally adopted for preparation. The cross section of the pipe fitting prepared by drawing is consistent with the shape of a die, the deformation amount of each pass is small, the forming passes are multiple, the production efficiency is low, and only the pipe fitting with a specific shape and size can be formed each time. The extrusion method can prepare pipe fittings with regular cross sections and various irregular cross sections, but the prepared pipe fittings have the same cross section shape along the length direction, and the cross section shape which continuously changes along the length direction cannot be obtained. The steel pipe is mainly manufactured by drawing, rolling and coil welding processes. Drawing and rolling are mainly used for preparing pipes with special performance and size requirements. More, a coil welding process is adopted for large-scale pipe manufacturing. UOE forming is a process for preparing a pipe by coil welding, and comprises the steps of bending a plate into a C shape, bending a blank into a shape close to a U shape by using a U-shaped die, putting the U-shaped blank into an O-shaped die to form a closed O shape, and finally completing the actions of welding and mechanical expanding of the pipe. The process is suitable for mass production of pipe fittings with round sections and fixed sizes, and has high production efficiency. For the preparation of the pipe with the special-shaped section, the pipe can be formed by a plurality of rolling forming methods
The rollers with different shapes gradually bend and roll the belt material with certain width, and finally the closed section pipe blank is formed and welded. The process can continuously produce pipes with various special-shaped sections. However, the tube blanks produced by this process have the same cross-sectional shape along the length direction, and thus tubes having a cross-sectional shape that varies continuously along the length direction cannot be obtained.
In summary, the existing processes for preparing metal pipes, including drawing, extruding, and pipe welding (UOE pipe making, and roll pipe making), can only prepare pipes with the same cross-sectional shape along the length direction, and cannot obtain pipes with cross-sectional shapes that change continuously along the length direction. Although the pipe with the circular cross section can be further processed into the pipe with the constantly changed cross section shape by the processes of internal high pressure forming, rigid die pressing and the like, the methods belong to part/component forming methods, have low production efficiency and high manufacturing cost, and are not suitable for the mass continuous production of metal pipes. Briefly, the pipe material produced by the present invention is a raw material used in the production of a member by internal high pressure forming or rigid mold forming.
In order to solve the problems that the existing pipe manufacturing process cannot directly obtain a pipe with a continuously-changed section along the length direction, and the existing pipe forming process has low production efficiency and high manufacturing cost when forming parts/components, a new method for preparing the pipe with the axially-variable section needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing an axial variable-section pipe by radial continuous extrusion, which aims to solve the problems that the existing pipe manufacturing process cannot directly obtain a pipe with a continuously-changed section along the length direction, and the existing pipe forming process has low production efficiency and high manufacturing cost when forming parts/components, thereby optimizing the pipe manufacturing process, improving the production efficiency of pipe manufacturing, reducing the production cost and producing pipe fittings meeting different use conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method for preparing an axial variable-section tube by radial continuous extrusion comprises a radial feeding unit, a clamping unit and an axial feeding unit;
the radial feeding unit comprises a clamp 6, a roller die 7 and a thrust mechanism 8; the roller die 7 is fixed on the clamp 6, and the thrust mechanism 8 pushes the clamp 6 and the roller die 7 to do radial feeding motion;
the clamping unit is a clamp 6;
the axial feeding unit comprises a pipe clamping mechanism 3, a clamping wheel 4 and a guide rail 5; the clamping wheel 4 is fixedly connected to the pipe clamping mechanism 3 through a connecting rod, the clamping wheel 4 is in contact with the pipe blank to assist the axial feeding of the pipe blank, the pipe blank is loosened when the pipe clamping mechanism 3 feeds the pipe blank and returns, and the pipe blank reciprocates on the guide rail 4 to achieve continuous feeding.
The invention provides a method for preparing an axial variable-section pipe by radial continuous extrusion, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, analyzing the characteristics of the pipe with the special-shaped section. By analyzing the different section shapes and sizes of the required special-shaped section pipe, the original circular section pipe blank is selected according to the maximum value of the equivalent perimeter of each section, and the working position of the radial feeding unit, the action and the working parameters of the radial feeding unit during working, including the feeding distance, the feeding speed and the feeding time, are determined according to the continuous change of the section of the special-shaped section pipe. The feeding distance of the radial feeding unit is the difference value of the equivalent radiuses of the beginning and the end of the special-shaped section pipe; the feeding speed of the radial feeding unit is equal to the feeding distance divided by the predicted processing time; if the special-shaped section pipe is a continuous variable section pipe (as shown in figure 2 and figure 3 in the method), the feeding moment of the radial feeding unit is the machining starting moment; if one part of the special-shaped section pipe is a uniform section pipe and the other part of the special-shaped section pipe is a continuous variable section pipe, the feeding time of the radial feeding unit is the length of the uniform section part divided by the feeding speed of the pipe.
And step two, designing and processing a die tool. And designing and processing the shape and the size of each part in the radial feeding unit according to the analysis result of each section in the step one. The number of the components of the feeding unit can be adjusted according to the number of the edges of the special-shaped cross-section tube, and if the special-shaped cross-section tube with four edges is processed as shown in figure 2 and figure 3 in the method, the feeding unit has four components.
And step three, assembling and positioning the original tube blank. And fixing each part of the radial feeding unit designed and machined in the step two onto the clamping unit. And (3) placing the pipe blank selected in the step one in an axial feeding unit and a radial feeding unit to clamp and position, so that two ends of the pipe blank are positioned on the same straight line.
And step four, continuously extruding and forming the pipe with the special-shaped section. And (3) the axial feeding unit pushes the tube blank forwards, and the radial feeding unit drives each roller to perform radial feeding from the initial position according to the parameters determined in the step one, so that the section of the tube blank with the circular section is continuously deformed, and the required tube with the special-shaped section is obtained.
And fifthly, taking out the pipe with the special-shaped section. The radial extrusion unit retracts to the initial position, the axial feeding unit retracts, and the formed pipe with the special-shaped section is taken out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method for preparing the axial variable-cross-section pipe by adopting the radial continuous extrusion, each roller die in the radial feeding unit performs radial feeding in real time in the process of feeding the pipe blank in the axial direction, so that the cross section of the original circular-cross-section pipe blank is changed in real time, the special-shaped variable-cross-section pipe is processed, the method is flexible and controllable in the process of processing a target part, only each roller die is required to perform the radial feeding action continuously, a complex procedure is not required, a large-size die is not required, the processing cost is low, the operation is simple, and the processing efficiency is high.
(2) According to the invention, by adopting the method for preparing the axial variable-section pipe by adopting the radial continuous extrusion, the die can be conveniently disassembled, when the pipe with different section shapes is processed, only the corresponding roller die is needed to be replaced, the whole die does not need to be disassembled, and the special-shaped section pipe with different section shapes can be processed under the condition of not replacing the die through different combination modes of radial motion, so that the method is convenient and rapid, simple and efficient, and wide in processing range.
(3) According to the method for preparing the axial variable-cross-section pipe by adopting the radial continuous extrusion, roller dies made of different materials can be used for corresponding processing according to different states of the processed pipe, the disassembly and the replacement are convenient, and when the surface requirement of a target part is higher, the surface quality of the formed part is improved by replacing the material type of the roller die, such as a flexible die, so that the subsequent surface treatment work is avoided, the extrusion forming process chain is shortened, and the production cost is reduced.
(4) According to the invention, by adopting the method for preparing the axial variable-section pipe by radial continuous extrusion, when the pipe with higher room temperature strength and poorer plasticity is prepared, the pipe can be prepared by heating the pipe under the condition that the material has better deformability, so that the problems of limited material processing types and the like are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for preparing an axial variable cross-section tube by radial continuous extrusion according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a special-shaped variable cross-section pipe prepared by the method for preparing an axial variable cross-section pipe by radial continuous extrusion.
In the figure: the device comprises a feeding unit 1, a pipe blank 2, a pipe clamping mechanism 3, a clamping wheel 4, a guide rail 5, a clamp 6, a roller wheel mold 7 and a thrust mechanism 8.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
The first embodiment is as follows: this will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 2. The invention provides a method for preparing a thin-walled tube with a special-shaped section by adopting radial continuous extrusion, which is carried out according to the following steps:
step one, analyzing the characteristics of the pipe with the special-shaped section. By analyzing the different section shapes and sizes of the required special-shaped section pipe, the original circular section pipe blank is selected according to the maximum value of the equivalent perimeter of each section, and the working position of each roller mould 7 in the radial feeding unit and the specific action in the machining process are further determined according to the continuous change of the different section shapes of the required special-shaped section pipe. And determining specific working parameters of each roller die according to the continuous change of different section sizes of the required special-shaped section pipe, wherein the specific working parameters comprise the stepping distance, the feeding time and the feeding speed. The shape of the selected pipe can be selected from a circular pipe, a square pipe or other pipes according to the finally required sectional shape of the pipe with the special-shaped section, so that the deformation is reduced as much as possible, the processing difficulty is reduced, and the processing range is expanded.
And step two, designing and processing a die tool. And designing the shape and the size of each roller die 7 in the radial feeding unit according to the analysis result in the step one, and processing.
And step three, assembling and positioning the original pipe blank. Fixing the roller molds 7 designed and processed in the step two on a clamp 6, placing one end of the tube blank 2 selected in the step one in a tube clamping mechanism 3 and a clamping wheel 4 of an axial feeding unit for clamping, pushing the roller molds 7 of the clamp 6 by a thrust mechanism 8 to pre-clamp the other end of the tube blank, enabling the two ends of the tube blank to be on the same axis, realizing the limitation of six degrees of freedom of the tube blank 2, and completely positioning and clamping the tube blank 2.
And step four, continuously extruding and forming the pipe with the special-shaped section. The axial feeding unit 1 pushes the tube blank 2 forwards, each roller die 7 is driven to carry out radial feeding from the pre-clamping position in the step three according to the feeding parameters determined in the step one, so that the section of the tube blank 2 with the circular section continuously deforms along with the change of the position of each roller die, and the required tube with the special-shaped section is obtained. The roller dies can independently move according to needs, feed or retract in the radial direction, and can synchronously carry out different movements to jointly control the section change of the tube blank. If the pipe with the uniform cross section is machined, radial feeding is not needed in the machining process of each roller die 7, and only the pre-clamping position in the step three needs to be radially fed to the machining position for machining. When necessary, the inside of the tube blank can be added with uniformly distributed supporting media or provided with rigid mold supports to be matched with an external radial extrusion mold to jointly control the section change so as to prevent the defects of wrinkling and the like.
And fifthly, taking out the pipe with the special-shaped section. The thrust mechanism 8 drives the clamp 6 and the roller molds 7 to return to the initial position, the pipe clamping mechanism and the clamping wheel 4 in the axial feeding unit 1 return after loosening the pipe blank 2, and the formed pipe with the special-shaped section is taken out.
The method for preparing the axial variable-cross-section pipe by adopting the radial continuous extrusion can be used for processing special-shaped variable-cross-section pipes and special-shaped uniform-cross-section pipes, the cross-sectional shape can be controlled by only changing the radial feeding parameters of each roller die during working, a complex die is not required to be designed, the cost is greatly saved, the practicability is higher, the applicability is wider, and the stability and the controllability during processing are realized.
Example two: when a pipe fitting with higher strength and poorer plasticity at room temperature is processed, because the elongation rate of the material is low in the forming process, if the material is directly extruded and formed radially at normal temperature, a rolling die is easily damaged, the service life of the die is shortened, and higher requirements on equipment capacity are provided while the production cost is improved. Therefore, in the third step, the tube blank 2 is first preheated to improve the deformation capability, then one end of the heated tube blank 2 is fixed on the tube clamping mechanism 3 and the clamping wheel 4, the other end is arranged in the roller wheel mould, the thrust mechanism 8 acts to push each mould to feed in the radial direction, and the other end of the tube blank is clamped, so that the two ends of the tube blank are on the same axis, and the other steps are the same as the first embodiment.
In the embodiment, the method for preparing the axial variable-cross-section pipe by adopting the radial continuous extrusion is adopted, when the pipe with higher room temperature strength and poorer plasticity is prepared, the pipe is heated, and the preparation of the pipe is completed under the condition that the material has better deformability, so that the problems of limited material processing types and the like are avoided.
Example three: according to the method for preparing the thin-walled tube with the special-shaped section by adopting the radial continuous extrusion, when the special-shaped variable-section tube is prepared, the roller die 7 is in real-time contact with the tube blank 2, a large friction force exists between the roller die and the tube blank, and the surface of the formed tube can be damaged if the extrusion die made of a rigid material is used for extrusion. Therefore, when the special-shaped variable cross-section pipe is processed at normal temperature, the roller die designed and processed in the step two can be made of flexible materials, so that the surface quality of the formed target part is improved, and other steps are the same as those of the first embodiment.
In the embodiment, the method for preparing the axial variable-section pipe by adopting the radial continuous extrusion improves the surface quality of the formed part by replacing the material type of the roller die with a flexible die when the surface requirement of the target part is higher, so that the subsequent surface treatment work is avoided, the extrusion forming process chain is shortened, and the production cost is reduced.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing an axial variable cross-section pipe by radial continuous extrusion comprises the following steps that a system used in the method comprises a radial feeding unit, a clamping unit and an axial feeding unit;
the radial feeding unit comprises a clamp (6), a roller die (7) and a thrust mechanism (8); the roller die (7) is fixed on the clamp (6), and the thrust mechanism (8) pushes the clamp (6) and the roller die (7) to do radial feed motion;
the clamping unit is a clamp (6);
the axial feeding unit comprises a pipe clamping mechanism (3), a clamping wheel (4) and a guide rail (5); the clamping wheel (4) is fixedly connected to the pipe clamping mechanism (3) through a connecting rod, the clamping wheel (4) is in contact with the pipe blank to assist the axial feeding of the pipe blank, the pipe blank is clamped when the pipe clamping mechanism (3) feeds, and the pipe blank is loosened when the pipe clamping mechanism retracts; the pipe clamping mechanism (3) reciprocates on the guide rail (5) to realize continuous feeding;
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the characteristics of a pipe with a special-shaped section; analyzing different section shapes and sizes of the required special-shaped section pipe, selecting an original circular section pipe blank according to the maximum value of the equivalent perimeter of each section, and determining the working position of a radial feeding unit and the action and working parameters of the radial feeding unit during working according to the continuous change of the section of the special-shaped section pipe, wherein the working position comprises a feeding distance, a feeding speed and a feeding moment; the feeding distance of the radial feeding unit is the difference value of equivalent radiuses at the beginning and the end of the special-shaped section pipe; the feeding speed of the radial feeding unit is equal to the feeding distance divided by the predicted processing time; if the special-shaped section pipe is a continuous variable section pipe, the feeding moment of the radial feeding unit is the processing starting moment; if one part of the special-shaped section pipe is a uniform section pipe and the other part of the special-shaped section pipe is a continuous variable section pipe, the feeding moment of the radial feeding unit is the length of the uniform section part divided by the feeding speed of the pipe;
step two, designing and processing a die tool; designing the shape and size of each part in the radial feeding unit according to the analysis result of each section in the step one and processing; the number of the components of the radial feeding unit is adjusted according to the number of the edge surfaces of the special-shaped section pipe;
step three, assembling and positioning the original tube blank; fixing each part of the radial feeding unit designed and processed in the step two on the clamping unit; placing the tube blank selected in the step one in an axial feeding unit and a radial feeding unit to be clamped and positioned, so that two ends of the tube blank are positioned on the same straight line;
step four, continuously extruding and forming the pipe with the special-shaped section; the axial feeding unit pushes the tube blank forwards, and the radial feeding unit drives each roller to perform radial feeding from an initial position according to the parameters determined in the step one, so that the section of the tube blank with the circular section is continuously deformed, and the required tube with the special-shaped section is obtained;
taking out the pipe with the special-shaped section; the radial extrusion unit retracts to the initial position, the axial feeding unit retracts, and the formed pipe with the special-shaped section is taken out.
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| CN114653769B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-11-21 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Pipe fitting roll extrusion forming method |
| CN115921572B (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-05-16 | 凯明(常州)新材料科技有限公司 | Non-cutting precision forming method of special-shaped roller steel belt |
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Application publication date: 20220401 Assignee: Dalian tianyineng Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. Assignor: DALIAN University OF TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2024980003669 Denomination of invention: Method for preparing axially variable cross-section pipes by radial continuous extrusion Granted publication date: 20220830 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20240329 |