CN114765424A - Switching circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment - Google Patents
Switching circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114765424A CN114765424A CN202110048759.7A CN202110048759A CN114765424A CN 114765424 A CN114765424 A CN 114765424A CN 202110048759 A CN202110048759 A CN 202110048759A CN 114765424 A CN114765424 A CN 114765424A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/006—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of too high or too low voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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Abstract
The application relates to a switching circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment. The switch circuit comprises a current-limiting component, a switch component, a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the switch assembly comprises a control device and a controlled device; one end of the current limiting assembly is connected with a first interface of the alternating current power supply, and the other end of the current limiting assembly is connected with a first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit through a controlled device; the control device is connected with the current limiting component in parallel; the second alternating current side of the rectifying circuit is connected with a second interface of the alternating current power supply; the direct current side of the rectification circuit is connected with a voltage stabilizing circuit; the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for connecting a load. The control device is used for controlling the controlled device to be disconnected when the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is greater than or equal to a preset critical value; the control device is also used for controlling the controlled device to be closed when the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is smaller than a preset critical value, and the alternating current power supply is connected to the alternating current side of the rectifying circuit; the voltage stabilizing circuit stores energy according to the direct current output by the direct current side of the rectifying circuit. The switching circuit can improve the utilization rate of energy.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of automation, in particular to a switching circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more automation technologies are applied to the power grid. The distribution network equipment is usually used for accurate measurement and high-speed wave recording of line current, so that rapid fault location is realized, the response and processing time of faults is shortened, and the power supply reliability is improved. To increase the service life, these distribution network devices need to use external power to reduce the consumption of their own backup power.
According to the traditional power supply circuit of the distribution network equipment, the mutual inductor is used for obtaining energy from a power line, and redundant energy is discharged by using a power device after rectification, so that waste of electric energy is caused. Therefore, the traditional power supply circuit of the distribution network equipment has the defect of low energy utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a switching circuit, a power supply apparatus, and an electric apparatus with high energy efficiency.
In a first aspect of the present application, a switching circuit is provided, which includes a current limiting component, a switching component, a rectifying circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the switch assembly comprises a control device and a controlled device;
one end of the current limiting assembly is connected with a first interface of an alternating current power supply, and the other end of the current limiting assembly is connected with a first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit through a controlled device of the switch assembly; the control device of the switch assembly is connected with the current limiting assembly in parallel;
the second alternating current side of the rectifying circuit is connected with a second interface of the alternating current power supply;
the direct current side of the rectifying circuit is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit;
the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for connecting a load;
the control device of the switch assembly is used for controlling the controlled device of the switch assembly to be switched off when the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is greater than or equal to a preset critical value; the control device of the switch assembly is also used for controlling the controlled device of the switch assembly to be closed when the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is smaller than a preset critical value, and the alternating current power supply is connected to the alternating current side of the rectifying circuit; and the voltage stabilizing circuit stores energy according to the direct current output by the direct current side of the rectifying circuit.
In one embodiment, the current limiting component is a shunt resistor.
In one embodiment, the switch assembly comprises a first switch assembly and a second switch assembly;
one end of the current limiting assembly is connected with a first interface of the alternating current power supply, and the other end of the current limiting assembly is connected with a first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit through a controlled device of the second switch assembly and a controlled device of the first switch assembly in sequence; the control device of the first switch assembly and the control device of the second switch assembly are respectively connected with the current limiting assembly in parallel.
In one embodiment, the first switch component and the second switch component are bidirectional normally-closed optocouplers.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a protection component;
the protection component is connected with the controlled device of the switch component in parallel.
In one embodiment, the protection component is a TVS diode; and the cathode of the TVS diode is connected with the first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit.
In one embodiment, the rectifier circuit is a full-bridge rectifier circuit, a half-bridge rectifier circuit or a voltage-doubling rectifier circuit.
In one embodiment, the voltage stabilizing circuit is a linear voltage regulator or a direct current converter.
In a second aspect of the present application, a power supply apparatus is provided, which includes the switching circuit as described above.
In a third aspect of the application, an electrical device is provided, comprising a load and a power supply device as described above.
The switch circuit comprises a current limiting component, a switch component, a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit. The first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit is connected with a first interface of an alternating current power supply through a controlled device and a current limiting assembly of a switch assembly in sequence, and the second alternating current side of the rectifying circuit is connected with a second interface of the alternating current power supply; the direct current side of the rectification circuit is connected with a voltage stabilizing circuit; the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for connecting a load. The control device of the switching assembly is connected in parallel with the current limiting assembly. When the input voltage of the alternating current power supply is smaller than a preset critical value, a control device of the switch assembly is closed by the control device, and the alternating current power supply is connected to the alternating current side of the rectifying circuit; and the voltage stabilizing circuit stores energy according to the direct current output by the direct current side of the rectifying circuit. The control device of the switch assembly is disconnected by the control device when the input voltage of the alternating current power supply is larger than or equal to a preset critical value, and the alternating current input of the rectifying circuit cannot raise the direct current side voltage of the rectifying circuit after rectification, so that the direct current side voltage of the rectifying circuit is maintained in a certain voltage range, the effect of automatically adjusting the energy taking size is achieved, the stability of load power supply can be kept, and the utilization rate of energy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the components of a switching circuit in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the components of a switching circuit according to another embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the components of a switching circuit in yet another embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the current limiting assembly, switching assembly and protection assembly in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating components of a voltage regulator circuit according to one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the present application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first resistance may be referred to as a second resistance, and similarly, a second resistance may be referred to as a first resistance, without departing from the scope of the present application. The first resistance and the second resistance are both resistances, but they are not the same resistance.
It is to be understood that "connection" in the following embodiments is to be understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", and the like if the connected circuits, modules, units, and the like have communication of electrical signals or data with each other.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "includes" or "including," etc., specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.
The application provides a switch circuit, can be used for distribution network equipment's supply circuit among the power electric wire netting, also can be used for other electrical equipment's supply circuit. In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the switching circuit includes a current limiting component 100, a switching component 200, a rectifying circuit 300 and a voltage stabilizing circuit 400. The switch assembly 200 includes a control device 201 and a controlled device 202. One end of the current limiting component 100 is connected to a first interface JP1 of the ac power supply, and the other end of the current limiting component 100 is connected to a first ac side of the rectifier circuit 300 through a controlled device 202 of the switch component 200; the control device 201 of the switching assembly 200 is connected in parallel with the current limiting assembly 100; a second interface JP2 for connecting the ac power supply to the second ac side of the rectifier circuit 300; the DC side of the rectifying circuit 300 is connected with a voltage stabilizing circuit 400; the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 is used to connect a load. The control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 is used for controlling the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 to be switched off when the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is greater than or equal to a preset critical value; the control device 201 of the switching assembly 200 is further configured to control the controlled device 202 of the switching assembly 200 to be closed when the output voltage of the ac power is smaller than a preset critical value, so as to connect the ac power to the ac side of the rectifier circuit 300; the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 stores energy according to the dc power output from the dc side of the rectifier circuit 300.
The preset threshold value is determined by the specific circuit structures of the current limiting device 100 and the switch device 200. The current limiting component 100 may include only one current limiting resistor, or may include a plurality of current limiting resistors and other circuit elements connected to the current limiting resistors. The number of switch assemblies 200 is not exclusive and can be adjusted according to actual requirements. The control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 may be a control chip, or may be a light emitting diode in an optical coupler; correspondingly, the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 may be a bi-directionally conducting relay, contactor, temperature-controlled switch or voltage-controlled switch, and may also be a bi-directionally conducting switch device in an optical coupler. In short, the present embodiment does not limit the specific circuit configurations of the current limiting assembly 100 and the switching assembly 200. The control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 is used in cooperation with the controlled device 202, and the circuit configuration of the control device 201 can be determined according to the specific type of the controlled device 202. When the signal output by the control device 201 satisfies a certain condition, the controlled device 202 is controlled to perform an opening and closing action.
The rectifier circuit 300 is a circuit that converts ac power into dc power. The rectifier circuit 300 is composed of rectifier diodes, and the voltage after passing through the rectifier circuit 300 is not an alternating voltage but a unidirectional pulsating direct voltage. Specifically, the rectifier circuit 300 may be a half-wave rectifier circuit, a full-wave rectifier circuit, a bridge rectifier circuit, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, or the like. In summary, the present embodiment does not limit the type and specific device configuration of the rectifier circuit 300.
The voltage stabilizing circuit 400 is a power circuit that can maintain the output voltage substantially constant even when the input grid voltage fluctuates or the load changes. The voltage stabilizing circuit 400 is classified into various types according to the type of output current: a DC voltage stabilizing circuit and an AC voltage stabilizing circuit. The connection method between the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 and the load is: a series voltage regulator circuit and a parallel voltage regulator circuit. The working state of the adjusting pipe is divided into: a linear voltage stabilizing circuit and a switching voltage stabilizing circuit. The circuit type is divided into: a simple voltage stabilizing circuit, a feedback type voltage stabilizing circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit with an amplifying link. Specifically, the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 may be any one of the above voltage stabilizing circuits, and the present embodiment does not limit the type and the specific device configuration of the voltage stabilizing circuit 400. The voltage stabilizing circuit 400 may respectively implement the voltage stabilizing function and the energy storing function through an internal voltage stabilizing device and an internal energy storing device, and the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 may also implement the voltage stabilizing function and the energy storing function through a voltage stabilizing capacitor.
Specifically, when the output voltage of the ac power supply is less than the preset threshold value, the control device 201 of the switching assembly 200 controls the controlled device 202 of the switching assembly 200 to close. At this time, the ac side of the rectifier circuit 300 is connected to an ac power supply through the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 and the current limiting assembly 100, and the rectifier circuit 300 converts ac into dc, and then supplies power to a load after energy storage and voltage stabilization processing by the voltage stabilizing circuit 400.
When the output voltage of the ac power supply is greater than or equal to the preset critical value, the control device 201 of the switching assembly 200 controls the controlled device 202 of the switching assembly 200 to be turned off. The entire switching circuit no longer draws power from the external ac power source. Since the voltage regulator circuit 400 has a certain energy storage function, the voltage regulator circuit 400 continues to supply power to the load, thereby maintaining the load to operate. When the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is smaller than the preset critical value, the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 is controlled to be closed by the control device 201 of the switch assembly 200, the alternating current side of the rectifying circuit 300 is connected with the alternating current power supply again, and the switch circuit directly obtains energy from the alternating current power supply, charges the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 and simultaneously supplies power to the load.
The above process is repeated continuously, so that the direct-current voltage of the rectifying circuit 300 is maintained in a certain voltage range, the effect of automatically adjusting the energy taking size is achieved, the stability of load power supply can be kept, and the utilization rate of energy is improved. In addition, by adjusting the circuit structure of the current limiting component 100, the current limiting capability of the switching circuit can be adjusted, the problem of device heating caused by excessive energy taking is prevented while the load function is met, the damage of transient surge or short circuit of primary alternating current circuit current to a secondary circuit is reduced, the safety is improved, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the switch circuit further includes a protection component 500. Specifically, the protection assembly 500 is connected in parallel with the controlled device 202 of the switching assembly 200, and is used for discharging the transient high voltage across the controlled device 202 of the switching assembly 200, so as to protect the safety of the circuit. The protection component 500 includes a Voltage dependent resistor (varistor), a Transient Voltage Super (TVS) diode, or other protection devices.
In the above embodiment, by adding the protection component 500 connected in parallel with the controlled device 202 of the switch component 200, the transient high voltage across the controlled device 202 of the switch component 200 is released, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the switch circuit.
As mentioned above, the number of the switch assemblies 200 is not unique and can be adjusted according to actual requirements. In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the switch assembly 200 includes a first switch assembly 210 and a second switch assembly 220. One end of the current limiting assembly 100 is connected to a first interface JP1 of an alternating current power supply, and the other end of the current limiting assembly passes through a controlled device of the second switch assembly 220 and a controlled device of the first switch assembly 210 in sequence to be connected to a first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit 300; the control device of the first switching assembly 210 and the control device of the second switching assembly 220 are respectively connected in parallel with the current limiting assembly 100.
The device configurations of the first switch assembly 210 and the second switch assembly 220 are not unique, and the device configurations of the two switch assemblies may be the same or different. The control devices of the first switch component 210 and the second switch component 220 have a unidirectional conduction characteristic, and are connected in parallel in an inverse direction. The controlled devices of the first switch element 210 and the second switch element 220 have bidirectional conduction characteristics. For the sake of understanding, the first interface JP1, in which the anode of the control device of the first switch assembly 210 is connected to the ac power source, is described as an example.
Specifically, when the output voltage of the ac power supply is less than the preset threshold value, the control device of the first switch device 210 controls the controlled device of the first switch device 210 to be turned on, and the control device of the second switch device 220 controls the controlled device of the second switch device 220 to be turned on. At this time, the ac side of the rectifier circuit 300 is connected to an ac power supply through the controlled device of the first switch assembly 210, the controlled device of the second switch assembly 220, and the current limiting assembly 100, and the rectifier circuit 300 converts ac into dc, and then supplies power to a load after performing energy storage and voltage stabilization processing through the voltage stabilizing circuit 400.
When the output voltage of the ac power is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold value, and when the voltage of the first interface JP1 is higher than the voltage of the second interface JP2, the controlled device of the first switching device 210 is controlled by the control device of the first switching device 210 to be turned off. When the voltage of the first interface JP1 is lower than the voltage of the second interface JP2, the controlled device of the first switch assembly 220 is controlled by the control device of the first switch assembly 220 to be turned off. No matter which switching module has its control device turned off, the entire switching circuit is no longer supplied with energy from the external ac power source. Since the voltage regulator circuit 400 has a certain energy storage function, the voltage regulator circuit 400 continues to supply power to the load, thereby maintaining the load to operate.
In the above embodiment, by providing the first switch component 210 and the second switch component 220, the control devices of different switch components respectively control the corresponding controlled devices to be turned off in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the ac voltage, so as to implement the voltage limiting function, and thus, a control device having a bidirectional conduction function does not need to be selected, which is beneficial to improving the flexibility of the type selection of the switch circuit device.
Further, in one embodiment, when the number of the switching assemblies 200 is multiple, the controlled devices of the multiple switching assemblies are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the protection device 500. Referring to fig. 3, when the switch assembly 200 includes the first switch assembly 210 and the second switch assembly 220, the controlled device of the first switch assembly 210 and the controlled device of the second switch assembly 220 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the protection assembly 500. The controlled device of the first switch component 210 is connected to the protection component 500 at one end as a first end, the controlled device of the second switch component 220 is connected to the protection component 500 at one end as a second end, and the protection component 500 is used for discharging the instantaneous high voltage between the first end and the second end.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the first switch element 210 and the second switch element 220 are bidirectional normally-closed optocouplers. The transmitting part of the bidirectional normally closed optocoupler is used as a control device, and the receiving part is used as a controlled device. One end of the current limiting component 100 is connected with a first interface JP1 of an alternating current power supply, and the other end is connected with a first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit 300 through a receiving part of the second bidirectional normally-closed optical coupler and a receiving part of the first bidirectional normally-closed optical coupler in sequence; the emitting part of the first bidirectional normally closed optical coupler and the emitting part of the second bidirectional normally closed optical coupler are respectively connected in parallel with the current limiting component 100.
The receiving part of the first bidirectional normally-closed optical coupler comprises a MOS transistor M1 and a MOS transistor M2 which are connected in series, and similarly, the receiving part of the second bidirectional normally-closed optical coupler comprises a MOS transistor M3 and a MOS transistor M4 which are connected in series. The MOS transistor is a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and is a field effect transistor that can be widely used in analog circuits and digital circuits. According to the polarity difference of its working carrier, the MOS transistor can be divided into two types of "N-type" and "P-type", which are also called NMOS transistor and PMOS transistor. Taking the current limiting component 100 as a current limiting resistor R1, the emitting part of the bidirectional normally-closed optocoupler as a light emitting diode, the receiving part as an NMOS tube, and the anode of the light emitting diode D1 of the first bidirectional normally-closed optocoupler as a first interface JP1 connected to an ac power supply as an example, the connection mode and operation process of the first bidirectional normally-closed optocoupler and the second bidirectional normally-closed optocoupler will be briefly described.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the drain of the MOS transistor M1 is connected to the first ac side of the rectifier circuit 300; the grid electrode of the MOS transistor M1 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS transistor M2; the source electrode of the MOS transistor M1 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS transistor M2; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube M4; the source electrode of the MOS transistor M3 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS transistor M4; the drain electrode of the MOS transistor M4 is connected with one end of the current limiting resistor R1 far away from the first interface JP1 of the alternating current power supply. The anode of the led D1 is connected to the first interface JP1 of the ac power supply, and the led D2 is connected in anti-phase parallel with the led D1.
When the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is smaller than a preset critical value, the light-emitting diode D1 and the light-emitting diode D2 do not emit light, and at the moment, the connection channels of the MOS transistor M1, the MOS transistor M2, the MOS transistor M3 and the MOS transistor M4 are conducted. The alternating current input side of the rectification circuit 300 is connected to an alternating current power supply through a MOS tube M1, a MOS tube M2, a MOS tube M3, a MOS tube M4 and a current-limiting resistor R1 in sequence, and after alternating current is converted into direct current by the rectification circuit 300, the direct current is subjected to energy storage and voltage stabilization processing by a voltage stabilization circuit 400, and then power is supplied to a load.
When the output voltage of the ac power is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, and when the voltage of the first interface JP1 is higher than the voltage of the second interface JP2, the instantaneous high voltage turns on the light emitting diode D1, and controls the MOS transistor M1 and the MOS transistor M2 to be turned off. When the voltage of the first interface JP1 is lower than the voltage of the second interface JP2, the instantaneous high voltage turns on the light emitting diode D2, and controls the MOS transistor M3 and the MOS transistor M4 to be turned off. No matter which bidirectional normally-closed optocoupler is disconnected in the receiving part, the whole switch circuit does not obtain energy from an external alternating current power supply any more. Since the voltage regulator circuit 400 has a certain energy storage function, the voltage regulator circuit 400 continues to supply power to the load, thereby maintaining the load to operate. After the receiving part of the bidirectional normally-closed optical coupler is opened, the conduction current of the light-emitting diode in the optical coupler is reduced to zero, so that the light-emitting diode does not emit light, the bidirectional normally-closed optical coupler is restored to be in a conduction state, and if the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is still larger than or equal to a preset critical value at the moment, the switching circuit enters an open circuit state again. So repeatedly for when alternating current power supply's output voltage is greater than or equal to predetermined critical value, the direct current side voltage of rectifier circuit can't be raised through the rectification back to alternating current input, thereby make direct current voltage maintain in certain voltage range, reach the current-limiting and get the effect of ability.
In the above embodiment, the first switch component 210 and the second switch component 220 are bidirectional normally-closed optocouplers, and the bidirectional normally-closed optocouplers have high performance and low cost, so that the cost of the switch circuit can be reduced, and the circuit performance can be improved. In addition, the on-off of the MOS tube controlled by the light-emitting diode in the optical coupler has a time delay characteristic, and a certain energy collection hysteresis buffer effect can be formed. The two bidirectional normally closed optocouplers respectively limit the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of alternating current input, and whether the light emitting diode emits light is determined according to the magnitude relation between the voltage drop of the current limiting resistor and the conduction voltage drop of the light emitting diode in the optocoupler. The current capacity of the whole switching circuit depends on the conducting current of a diode in the bidirectional normally-closed optocoupler and the current flowing through a current-limiting resistor connected in parallel. The starting speed and the current-limiting capacity of the switching circuit can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the current-limiting resistor, the heating of the device caused by excessive energy taking is avoided while the requirement of load energy supply is met, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
In one embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 4, the protection device 500 is a TVS diode D3, and the cathode of the TVS diode D3 is connected to the first ac side of the rectifier circuit 300. Specifically, a TVS diode is a diode-type high performance protection device. When two poles of the TVS diode are impacted by reverse transient high energy, the TVS diode can change the high impedance between the two poles into low impedance at the speed of picosecond magnitude, absorb the surge power of thousands of watts and clamp the voltage between the two poles at a preset value, thereby effectively protecting precise components in an electronic circuit from being damaged by various surge pulses. The TVS diode has the advantages of high response speed, large transient power, low leakage current, small breakdown voltage deviation, easiness in control of clamping voltage, no damage limit, small size and the like, and the TVS diode is used as a protection component, so that the circuit performance is favorably improved.
In one embodiment, the rectifier circuit is a full bridge rectifier circuit or a half bridge rectifier circuit.
Specifically, the rectifier circuit is divided according to functions, and includes full-wave rectification and half-wave rectification. Full-wave rectification means that in the rectification process, an alternating current waveform is firstly converted into the same polarity and then rectified, namely all input waveforms form output. Half-wave rectification means that during rectification, one of the positive half cycle or the negative half cycle of the ac waveform is eliminated, and only half of the input waveform forms the output. Therefore, the energy utilization rate of full-wave rectification is superior to that of half-wave rectification, and the advantage of half-wave rectification is that the circuit is simple. According to the requirement of the load, the cost, the efficiency and the stability are comprehensively considered, and different types of rectifying circuits can be selected.
It should be noted that both full-bridge and half-bridge rectifier circuits can achieve full-wave rectification. Specifically, a rectifier bridge of a full-bridge rectifier circuit generally includes four diodes, each diode is one arm of a bridge, and is connected end to form a ring, and input and output cannot be interchanged. The rectifier bridge of the half-bridge rectifier circuit only needs to use two diodes, the output ends of the two diodes are connected, and the input ends of the two diodes are respectively connected with the two ends of the transformer.
In one embodiment, the rectifier circuit is a voltage doubler rectifier circuit.
The voltage-multiplying rectifier circuit consists of a diode with higher peak-to-peak voltage and a capacitor with higher withstand voltage, and the rectification and guiding functions of the diode are utilized to store voltages on the respective capacitors respectively, and then the capacitors are connected in series according to the principle of polarity addition to output a high voltage higher than an input voltage. By the rectification function of the voltage doubling rectification circuit, the output voltage higher than the input voltage by integral multiple can be output. The voltage-doubling rectifying circuit is divided into a voltage-doubling rectifying circuit, a voltage-doubling rectifying circuit and a voltage-doubling rectifying circuit according to the output voltage which is multiplied by the input voltage. When the load meets the requirements of low current and high voltage, the voltage-multiplying rectifying circuit can be used for rectifying and then supplying power to the load.
In the above embodiment, different types of rectifier circuits are selected according to the characteristics of the load, which is beneficial to expanding the application scene of the switch circuit.
In one embodiment, the voltage regulating circuit is a linear regulator.
The linear voltage regulator is a voltage regulator circuit that subtracts an excess voltage from an input voltage of a front-end circuit using a transistor or a field effect transistor operating in its linear region to generate a regulated output voltage, and outputs the regulated output voltage to a load. The working principle of the circuit is the same as that of the reverse amplifying circuit. The linear voltage regulator has the outstanding advantages of low cost, low noise and low quiescent current. Its peripheral devices are also few, typically only one or two bypass capacitors. Further, the linear regulator includes a field effect transistor. The linear voltage regulator using the field effect transistor can realize better electric appliance performance: on one hand, the field effect transistor does not need to be driven by base current, so that the current of the device is greatly reduced; on the other hand, in the structure using the transistor, in order to prevent the transistor from entering a saturation state to reduce the output capability, a large input/output voltage difference must be ensured, the voltage difference of the field effect transistor is approximately equal to the product of the output current and the on-resistance thereof, and the voltage difference is very low due to the extremely small on-resistance thereof.
In the above embodiment, the linear regulator is used as the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the dc regulator is generally packaged in a small size, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the switching circuit and reducing the cost. In addition, the linear voltage regulator has excellent performance, provides value-added characteristics such as thermal overload protection and safe current limiting, and greatly reduces power consumption in the off mode.
In one embodiment, the voltage regulator circuit is a DC converter.
A dc converter is an electronic device that converts one dc power source into another dc power source having different output characteristics. The DC converter converts the input DC voltage into DC voltage or current meeting the load requirement through controlling the switch tube and then through energy storage filter elements such as a capacitor, an inductor and the like. Dc converters can be classified into basic dc converters without an isolation transformer and dc converters with an isolation transformer according to circuit topology. According to different circuit structures and functions, the converter can be further divided into a buck converter, a boost converter, a buck-boost converter and a Cuk converter. The specific type and circuit configuration of the dc-dc converter in this embodiment are not limited.
In the above embodiment, the dc converter is used to chop the constant dc voltage into a series of pulse voltages by fast on/off control of the device, and the pulse width of the pulse series is changed by controlling the change of the duty ratio to adjust the average value of the output voltage, and then the output voltage is filtered by the output filter to output controllable dc power to the controlled load, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the load power supply and prolonging the service life of the load.
In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 5, the stabilizing circuit 400 includes an energy storage component 401 and a voltage regulation component 402. The energy storage component 401 is connected with the direct current side of the rectifying circuit 300 and the voltage stabilizing component 402; the voltage regulation assembly 402 is used to connect a load.
Specifically, the energy storage assembly 401 may be an energy storage capacitor, an energy storage battery, or other electronic components with an energy storage function, and in short, the specific components of the energy storage assembly 401 are not limited in this embodiment. When the controlled device 202 of the switching assembly 200 is closed, the external ac power source charges the energy storage assembly 401 while supplying power to the load; when the controlled device 202 of the switching component 200 is turned off, the energy storage component 401 releases the stored energy, and supplies power to the load after the voltage stabilization processing by the voltage stabilization component 402.
In the above embodiment, by providing the energy storage component 401 and the voltage stabilizing component 402 in the voltage stabilizing circuit 400, when the controlled device of the switching component 200 is turned off, the energy storage component 401 supplies power to the load, which is beneficial to maintaining the stable operation of the load and improving the stability of the load performance.
In one embodiment, there is provided a power supply apparatus comprising the switching circuit of any of the above embodiments.
For the specific definition of the switching circuit, reference is made to the above, and the description thereof is omitted.
Specifically, the power supply device may be a power supply socket, and includes a power supply interface and any of the above-mentioned switching circuits, and a power supply line of a load is connected to the power supply interface and then connected to an ac power supply through the switching circuit. This power supply unit can also be the power box, including plug, box, jack and above-mentioned arbitrary switch circuit, wherein jack and switch circuit set up in the box, and plug, switch circuit and jack once connect, and the plug is used for inserting alternating current power supply, and the jack is used for inserting the load. It will be appreciated that the power box may include a plurality of sets of jacks and correspondingly, a plurality of sets of switching circuits, which may be identical or different, for matching different load requirements. In summary, the present embodiment does not limit the specific type and configuration of the power supply apparatus.
In one embodiment, an electrical apparatus is provided, which includes a load and the above power supply apparatus.
For specific limitations of the power supply device, reference may be made to the above description, which is not repeated herein. The electric equipment can be distribution network equipment and other electric equipment. The load of the electrical equipment is connected with an alternating current power supply through power supply equipment.
Specifically, when the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is smaller than the critical value, the control device of the switch assembly controls the controlled device of the switch assembly to be closed. At the moment, the alternating current side of the rectifying circuit is connected with an alternating current power supply through a controlled device and a current limiting assembly of the switch assembly, and after alternating current is converted into direct current by the rectifying circuit, the alternating current is subjected to energy storage and voltage stabilization processing by the voltage stabilizing circuit to supply power to a load.
When the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is larger than or equal to the critical value, the control device of the switch assembly controls the controlled device of the switch assembly to be disconnected, and the whole switch circuit does not obtain energy from the external alternating current power supply any more. Because the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises the voltage stabilizing capacitor and has a certain energy storage function, the voltage stabilizing circuit continuously supplies power to the load at the moment to maintain the load to operate.
When the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is lower than the critical value again, the control device of the switch assembly controls the controlled device of the switch assembly to be closed, the alternating current side of the rectifying circuit is connected with the alternating current power supply again, and the switch circuit directly obtains energy from the alternating current power supply to supply power to the load.
The process is repeated continuously, so that the direct-current voltage of the rectifying circuit is maintained in a certain voltage range, the effect of automatically adjusting the energy taking size is achieved, the stability of load power supply can be kept, and the utilization rate of energy is improved. In addition, the current limiting capacity of the switching circuit can be adjusted by adjusting the circuit structure of the current limiting component, the problem of device heating caused by excessive energy taking is prevented while the load function is met, the safety is improved, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A switch circuit is characterized by comprising a current limiting component, a switch component, a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the switch assembly comprises a control device and a controlled device;
one end of the current limiting component is connected with a first interface of an alternating current power supply, and the other end of the current limiting component is connected with a first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit through a controlled device of the switch component; the control device of the switch assembly is connected with the current limiting assembly in parallel;
the second alternating current side of the rectifying circuit is connected with a second interface of the alternating current power supply;
the direct current side of the rectification circuit is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit;
the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for connecting a load;
the control device of the switch assembly is used for controlling the controlled device of the switch assembly to be switched off when the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is greater than or equal to a preset critical value; the control device of the switch assembly is also used for controlling the controlled device of the switch assembly to be closed when the output voltage of the alternating current power supply is smaller than a preset critical value, and the alternating current power supply is connected to the alternating current side of the rectifying circuit; and the voltage stabilizing circuit stores energy according to the direct current output by the direct current side of the rectifying circuit.
2. The switching circuit of claim 1, wherein the current limiting component is a shunt resistor.
3. The switching circuit of claim 1, wherein the switching component comprises a first switching component and a second switching component;
one end of the current limiting assembly is connected with a first interface of the alternating current power supply, and the other end of the current limiting assembly is connected with a first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit through a controlled device of the second switch assembly and a controlled device of the first switch assembly in sequence; the control device of the first switch assembly and the control device of the second switch assembly are respectively connected with the current limiting assembly in parallel.
4. The switching circuit of claim 3, wherein the first switching component and the second switching component are bidirectional normally-off optocouplers.
5. The switching circuit of claim 1, further comprising a protection component;
the protection component is connected with the controlled device of the switch component in parallel.
6. The switching circuit of claim 5, wherein the protection component is a TVS diode; and the cathode of the TVS diode is connected with the first alternating current side of the rectifying circuit.
7. The switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein the rectifying circuit is a full-bridge rectifying circuit, a half-bridge rectifying circuit, or a voltage-doubler rectifying circuit.
8. The switching circuit of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulation circuit is a linear regulator or a dc converter.
9. A power supply device, characterized in that it comprises a switching circuit according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that it comprises a load and a power supply device as claimed in claim 9.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110048759.7A CN114765424A (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-01-14 | Switching circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment |
| PCT/CN2021/100933 WO2022151653A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-18 | Switching circuit, power supply device, and electrical device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110048759.7A CN114765424A (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-01-14 | Switching circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114765424A true CN114765424A (en) | 2022-07-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110048759.7A Pending CN114765424A (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-01-14 | Switching circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN114765424A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022151653A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2293146Y (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1998-09-30 | 沈松涛 | Contactor power supply overvoltage protection circuit |
| CN2882120Y (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-03-21 | Tcl-罗格朗国际电工（惠州）有限公司 | Overcurrent protection circuit of electronic switch |
| US20170026031A1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2017-01-26 | Tdk Corporation | Apparatus and methods for tunable notch filters |
| WO2017052553A1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Intel Corporation | Silicon controlled rectifier with reverse breakdown trigger |
| CN109412117A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-01 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | A kind of protection circuit against input over-voltage |
| CN214045464U (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-08-24 | 南方电网数字电网研究院有限公司 | Switching circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment |
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2021
- 2021-01-14 CN CN202110048759.7A patent/CN114765424A/en active Pending
- 2021-06-18 WO PCT/CN2021/100933 patent/WO2022151653A1/en active Application Filing
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| WO2022151653A1 (en) | 2022-07-21 |
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