CN114763876A - 用于储存低温流体的设备 - Google Patents

用于储存低温流体的设备 Download PDF

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CN114763876A
CN114763876A CN202210027930.0A CN202210027930A CN114763876A CN 114763876 A CN114763876 A CN 114763876A CN 202210027930 A CN202210027930 A CN 202210027930A CN 114763876 A CN114763876 A CN 114763876A
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orifices
track
tank
injection
longitudinal direction
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T·费耶
P·布拉韦
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/041—Stratification
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    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于储存低温流体的设备，该设备包括沿纵向方向(A)延伸并适于容纳与气相平衡的液化气体(3)的储罐(2)和用于对该储罐(2)加压的加压装置，该加压装置包括流体连接至用于注射加压气体的注射轨道(6)的加压气体发生器(5)，轨道在该储罐(2)的上部部分中沿纵向方向(A)延伸，该注射轨道(6)包括沿纵向方向(A)间隔开的多个气体出口孔口(7)，其特征在于，在气体通过其进入轨道(6)的第一端部和轨道(6)的相对的第二端部之间，孔口(7)之间的间距(D1，D2)、孔口(7)的直径(d0，d1，d2)和孔口(7)的数量中的至少一者沿纵向方向(A)不同并且构造成使得离开轨道(6)的孔口(7)的流量在纵向方向(A)上是均匀的，其中，加压气体发生器(5)包括用于从储罐所提取的流体的加热器。

Description

用于储存低温流体的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于储存低温流体的设备。
本发明更具体地涉及一种用于储存低温流体的设备，该设备包括沿纵向方向延伸并适于容纳与气相平衡的液化气体的储罐和用于对该储罐加压的加压装置，该加压装置包括加压气体发生器和用于注射该加压气体的注射轨道，该注射轨道位于该储罐的上部并且沿纵向方向延伸，该注射轨道包括沿纵向方向间隔开的供气体排出的多个孔口。
背景技术
在一些应用中，为了从低温储罐中提取液体，必须首先对储罐加压，以便有足够的压力差来用于输送。此外，在输送期间也必须保持住该压力。
在一种已知方案中，大气加热器被放置在储罐的下面，使得通过气化储罐的部分液体内容物来对其加压成为可能。过热的气化气体然后被再注射/回注到储罐的膨胀空间中。例如，参见FR1402554A。
然而，回注的气体倾向于加热储罐中存在的低温液体，从而会降低膨胀空间的加压能力，并对液体分子的温度产生不利影响(该液体分子应尽可能保持低温)。
回注速度越高，液体/气体界面的这些热交换就越大。因此，次优的气体回注将导致在液体输送阶段这种不希望的热交换增加。已知的回注系统会干扰液体/气体界面的边界层。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术的上述缺陷中的所有或一部分缺点。
为此，符合上述前序部分给出的一般定义的根据本发明的设备的特征主要在于，在气体通过其进入轨道的第一端部和轨道的相对的第二端部之间，孔口之间的间距、孔口的直径和孔口的数量中的至少一者沿纵向方向是不同的并且构造成使得离开轨道的孔口的流量在纵向方向上是均匀的。
获得的气体回注速度场比现有技术中更均匀，并且使得有可能将热量集中在气体穹顶的顶部，从而尽可能少地干扰液体/气体界面处的边界层。膨胀空间的分层得到改善。
此外，本发明的实施例可以包括以下特征中的一者或多者:
-所述孔口中的至少一些孔口具有相同的直径，并且所述至少一些孔口的间距从所述轨道的第一端部向第二端部逐渐减小；
-所述孔口中的至少一些孔口从所述轨道的第一端部向第二端部具有逐渐增大的直径和恒定的间距；
-所述轨道的第二端部包括一个由收敛管、扩散管和孔口构成的流量控制构件；
-所述注射轨道具有至少一个这样的纵向位置，即该设备在单个的这样的纵向位置处包括位于所述注射轨道上的多个孔口；
-在单个纵向位置处位于所述轨道上的所述多个孔口中的至少两个孔口在储罐中以下列配置之一不同地取向：所述孔口彼此相对地位于轨道圆周的两侧上；所述孔口朝向所述储罐的顶部和/或朝向所述储罐的底部取向。
-所述孔口的表面积之和等于气体流进入所述轨道的入口横截面的表面积；
-所述轨道或者与所述轨道连接的、位于所述储罐的外部的管道在所述第一端部附近包括弯曲部，所述弯曲部位于所述轨道的朝向所述第二端部延伸的其余部分的至少一部分的上方；
-所述加压气体发生器包括用于从所述储罐提取的流体的加热器。
本发明还可以涉及落入权利要求范围内的包括以上或以下特征的任何组合的任何替代设备或方法。
附图说明
阅读以下描述，进一步的具体特征和优点将变得显而易见，其中:
图1示出了说明本发明第一可能实施例的结构和操作的示例的示意性局部透明透视图；
图2示意性地和部分地示出了根据第一实施例的设备的细节的横截面；
图3示意性地和部分地示出了根据第二实施例的设备的细节的横截面；
图4示意性地和部分地示出了根据第三实施例的设备的细节的横截面；
图5示出了示意性的局部横截面侧视图，示出了本发明的结构和操作的一个示例性实施例。
具体实施方式
作为示例示出的用于储存低温流体的设备1包括储罐2，该储罐例如呈大致圆柱形，该储罐在纵向方向A上延伸，当储罐2处于使用构型时，该纵向方向优选为水平的。储罐2是低温的，也就是说，构造成容纳液化气体3(下部部分为液相，上部部分为气相)。
设备1还包括用于对储罐2加压的装置5、6。该加压装置通常包括流体连接到用于注射加压气体的轨道6的加压气体发生器5，该轨道6位于储罐2的上部部分中并沿纵向方向A延伸。换句话说，注射轨道位于储罐的上半部分中，特别是靠近储罐的上端部。注射轨道因此位于储罐的气相中。加压气体发生器5可以包括例如用于从储罐2中以液体形式抽出的流体的加热器。该发生器配置为向注射轨道6供应加压气体。
例如，注射轨道6利用板9紧固到储罐2的上表面。例如，轨道6位于距储罐2的最上部10毫米至200毫米的距离处。
喷射轨道6设置有沿纵向方向A分布的供气体排出的多个孔口7。孔口7之间的间距D1、D2…和/或孔口7的直径d0、d1、d2…(或横截面)和/或孔口7的数量在气体通过其进入轨道6的第一端部与轨道6的相对的第二端部之间沿纵向方向A变化，使得离开轨道6的孔口7的流速在纵向方向A上均匀。换句话说，储罐上的孔口的表面积沿纵向方向A变化。
轨道6优选穿过储罐2的整个膨胀空间(在其整个长度或其大部分长度上)。
例如，这些孔口7中的至少一些孔口具有相同的直径(或横截面)d0、d1、d2，并且从轨道的第一端部向第二端部地逐渐减小间距D1、D2。
替代地或附加地，至少一些孔口7具有从轨道的第一端部向第二端部逐渐增大的直径d0、d1、d2…以及相等的间距的D1、D2…。这些逐渐增大的直径或横截面也可以例如通过调节孔口7的数量来获得。
例如，所有孔口7的表面积之和可以等于气流进入轨道6的入口横截面的表面积。
轨道6的第二端部优选地包括一个由收敛管、扩散管和孔口构成的流量控制构件8。该控制构件8构造成有助于控制在轨道6端部处的流量和注射速度。
如图2、图3和图4中示意性示出的，轨道6可以在一个或多个纵向位置处包括由多个孔口7构成的组。
例如，同一组中的或两个不同组中的孔口7可以不同的取向朝向储罐2的内部。
例如，孔口7彼此相对地位于轨道6外周/圆周的两侧上(射流在每一侧上朝向储罐2的底部横向地取向(见图3)和/或朝向储罐的顶部横向地取向(见图3))和/或孔口以基本水平的方向横向地取向(见图4)。
赋予气体射流倾斜度的孔口7的取向使得减少对流单元的出现和/或减少储罐2壁处的热交换成为可能。
孔口可以对称地或以其他方式定位在轨道6上。
如图5所示，轨道6可以在第一端部附近包括弯曲部19，弯曲部19位于轨道6的朝向第二端部延伸的其余部分的至少一部分的上方。
这使得如果轨道6部分浸没在液体中(例如，储罐2中的波浪或使用期间的陡峭倾斜)，则可以防止液体返回到加热器5中。然而，该实施例不是限制性的。因此，该弯曲部19可以形成在储罐2的外部，例如在向轨道6供应气体的管道部分上。
该设备可以减少储罐2中的加压时间。
此外，这种布置使得在输送期间减少加热器5(或等同物)中使用的液体量成为可能。
储罐2内的热传递也在液体/气体界面处减少。此外，通过气体穹顶的分层(由于均匀性的增加和回注速度场的减少)，存在于储罐2中的液体的加热可能减少。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于储存低温流体的设备，该设备包括沿纵向方向(A)延伸并适于容纳与气相平衡的液化气体(3)的储罐(2)和用于对该储罐(2)加压的加压装置，该加压装置包括流体连接至用于注射加压气体的注射轨道(6)的加压气体发生器(5)，该注射轨道在该储罐(2)的上部部分中沿所述纵向方向(A)延伸，该注射轨道(6)包括沿所述纵向方向(A)间隔开的多个供气体排出的孔口(7)，其特征在于，在气体通过其进入所述注射轨道(6)的第一端部和所述注射轨道(6)的相对的第二端部之间，所述孔口(7)之间的间距(D1，D2)、所述孔口(7)的直径(d0，d1，d2)和所述孔口(7)的数量中的至少一者沿所述纵向方向(A)是不同的并且构造成使得离开所述注射轨道(6)的孔口(7)的流量在所述纵向方向(A)上是均匀的，其中，所述加压气体发生器(5)包括用于从所述储罐所提取的流体的加热器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述孔口(7)中的至少一些孔口具有相同的直径(d0，d1，d2)，并且所述至少一些孔口的间距(D1，D2)从所述注射轨道(6)的所述第一端部向所述第二端部逐渐减小。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述孔口(7)中的至少一些孔口从所述注射轨道(6)的所述第一端部向所述第二端部具有逐渐增大的直径(d0，d1，d2)和恒定的间距(D1，D2)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述注射轨道(6)的第二端部包括一个由收敛管、扩散管和孔口构成的流量控制构件(8)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述注射轨道(6)具有至少一个这样的纵向位置，即该设备在单个的这样的纵向位置处包括位于所述注射轨道(6)上的多个孔口(7)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，在单个纵向位置处位于所述注射轨道(6)上的所述多个孔口(7)中的至少两个孔口在所述储罐中以下列配置之一不同地取向：所述孔口(7)彼此相对地位于所述注射轨道(6)的圆周的两侧上；所述孔口朝向所述储罐的顶部和/或朝向所述储罐的底部取向。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述孔口(7)的表面积之和等于气体流进入所述注射轨道(6)的入口横截面的表面积。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述注射轨道(6)或者与所述注射轨道(6)连接的、位于所述储罐的外部的管道在所述第一端部附近包括弯曲部(19)，所述弯曲部位于所述注射轨道(6)的朝向所述第二端部延伸的其余部分的至少一部分的上方。
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