CN114761671A - Power unit - Google Patents

Power unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114761671A
CN114761671A CN202180004515.7A CN202180004515A CN114761671A CN 114761671 A CN114761671 A CN 114761671A CN 202180004515 A CN202180004515 A CN 202180004515A CN 114761671 A CN114761671 A CN 114761671A
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China
Prior art keywords
compressor
turbine
combustion chamber
gas
steam
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CN202180004515.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114761671B (en
Inventor
弗拉基米尔·彼得罗维奇·西佐夫
斯维特拉娜·康斯坦丁诺夫娜·朱伊科娃
尤里·维克托罗维奇·阿列夫
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New Cycle Co ltd
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New Cycle Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F22B1/1815Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F01K21/045Introducing gas and steam separately into the motor, e.g. admission to a single rotor through separate nozzles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F01K21/047Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas having at least one combustion gas turbine
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an integrated power plant, in particular a plant having a combined cycle system of a steam turbine and a gas turbine. Since the power plant consists of a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a steam generator connected to the combustion chamber, the efficiency of the power plant is increased while reducing the harmful emissions in the export gas. The fuel gas discharge passage is provided with a condenser and is connected to the distilled water collection tank. The water collection tank is connected to the steam generator. The compressor is a screw compressor and is connected to a distilled water collection tank. The compressor inlet is connected to an air separation plant.

Description

Power unit
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of power, and to integrated power plants, and more particularly to steam gas turbine power plants having combined steam and gas turbine cycle systems. It can be used to generate electrical, mechanical and thermal energy.
Background
According to russian federal utility model patent No.158646, F02C 6/16,2016, a power plant employing a gas turbine is disclosed. The power plant includes a compressor, a gas turbine unit, a short-cycle non-heated adsorption unit for air separation, a means for providing oxygen-enriched air to the compressor, and a means for injecting water or steam into the gas turbine. In the evaporator, the heat of the turbine exhaust gas is used to obtain steam for injection into the turbine. In a short cycle unheated adsorption plant, a portion of the nitrogen periodically vented to the atmosphere along a line during regeneration is absorbed under pressure by the adsorbent in the atmosphere and the oxygen-enriched air mixture is pumped by a booster compressor to a storage tank. This provides a large amount of oxidant for long term performance of the gas turbine block or its operation at higher power. The oxygen enrichment of the oxidant results in an increase in the temperature of the combustion products at the outlet of the gas turbine body combustor, which is dangerous for the turbine blades. The introduction of water or better steam reduces the temperature of the blades, while increasing the consumption of working fluid in the turbine. The disadvantage is the inefficiency of the power system.
According to the application of the invention US 20080320, F02C 1/10, 2008, a gas turbine plant is disclosed that uses a mixture of carbon dioxide and water as a working fluid. The gas turbine plant includes a compressor and a turbine. A turbine rotor having a plurality of rows of blades is disposed in the housing, and stationary guides are disposed between the plurality of rows of movable blades in a space between the housing and the rotor. Modifications to turbine flow passages are provided in gas turbine plants. In particular, according to one of the variants, some of the flow channels in the cascade of guide vanes have blocked sectors distributed around the circumference. According to a second variant, a circumferential flow barrier is introduced to reduce the cross section of the turbine flow passage. The steam generating device is provided in a radiator of the gas turbine plant. The flow generated by the partial steam is fed to the radiator of the turbine part which is subjected to the thermal load. The second portion of the steam flow is used for operation of the steam turbine. The gas turbine plant has a device for condensing the working fluid by removing heat. The disadvantage is that the gas turbine plant is inefficient and the harmful substances are discharged into the atmosphere.
European patent No. 001062, F01K 25/08,1999, discloses a method for converting the energy of a compressed gas into useful energy and a gas turbine (steam turbine) plant for implementing the method. In the energy conversion method, fuel and compressed gaseous oxidant are fed into a combustion chamber, the fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber while an auxiliary gas is fed therein to cool combustion products, which are directed to blades of a gas turbine. Feeding a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide as gaseous oxidant to the combustion chamber, wherein the concentration of oxygen in the mixture is substantially equal to 21%. During combustion of the fuel, the excess coefficient of oxidant in the combustion zone must be 1.05-1.15. Oxygen is obtained by separating air into oxygen and nitrogen.
The exhaust gases of the turbine are cooled to a temperature below the dew point, while the fresh water released in the condensate is transferred to a storage tank. The cooled exhaust gas is fed as an auxiliary gas into the combustion chamber. A gas turbine (steam turbine) plant includes a combustor having a fuel supply inlet, an oxidant supply inlet, and an outlet for combustion products. The compressor is connected on the high pressure side of the oxidant supply inlet. The gas turbine is located after the combustor along the flow of combustion products and on the same shaft as the compressor. There is an arrangement for cooling the exhaust gases of a turbine. A gas turbine (steam turbine) plant is equipped with an air separation unit having oxygen and nitrogen outlets. The exhaust gas cooling device takes the form of a steam generator or recovery boiler arranged in series along the gas flow, the contact economizer being cooled to a temperature below the dew point, a fresh water sampling line at a temperature of 50-60 ℃ being provided, and an outlet for cooled combustion products. The disadvantages are the low efficiency of the equipment, the complexity of the design and the large amount of harmful emissions to the atmosphere.
The power plant and the method for generating power without carbon dioxide emission, disclosed in patent US5247791, F01K 21/04,1993, are considered to be the closest prior art to the claimed solution of the invention. In a closed power plant, fuel is fed into a combustion chamber and combusted in the presence of oxygen rather than air. From the combustion chamber, combustion gases, which mainly comprise water and carbon dioxide, are fed to the turbine. The exhaust gas discharged from the turbine is fed to a recovery boiler for heat exchange operation. Further, the exhaust gas mainly containing moisture and carbon dioxide from the recovery boiler is introduced into the condenser. Gas components, which mainly comprise carbon dioxide, are separated from the condensed water in a moisture separator and fed in a compressed state into the combustion chamber. The separated condensed water is fed to a recovery boiler for heat exchange operation to form superheated steam, which is fed to a combustion chamber. The steam turbine may be connected to a recovery boiler and an electrical generator. The condenser should be connected to the steam turbine and the recovery boiler such that the steam turbine, the condenser and the recovery boiler form a closed cycle. The disadvantages are the low efficiency and the low efficiency of the equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical effect of the claimed invention is to improve the efficiency of the power plant while reducing harmful emissions in the output gas.
The technical effect is realized by the following steps: the power plant consists of a compressor connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber, a combustion chamber whose outlet is connected to the turbine, a steam generator connected to the combustion chamber, a gas discharge channel equipped with a condenser and connected to a distilled water collection tank connected to the steam generator; according to the invention, the compressor is a screw compressor, which is connected to the distilled water collection tank, and the compressor inlet is connected to the air separation plant.
The technical effect is realized by the following steps: in the power plant, positive displacement compressors, i.e. screw multiphase compressors working with both gaseous and liquid media, are used. In dynamic compressors, gas is compressed adiabatically and with an efficiency of 80-85% compared to dynamic compressors, which are typically 95% for screw compressors. Since the screw compressor is connected to the distilled water collection tank, water enters under pressureA compressor. The water evaporates during compression of the medium, cooling the compressible gas. Water has a high thermal conductivity and heat capacity and the temperature of the compressed gas at the compressor outlet increases slightly. As water evaporates in the compressor, gas compression occurs which is near isothermal compression. Because there is no loss in the process of heating the compressed gas, the efficiency of the compressor reaches 97%, thereby improving the efficiency of the power plant. Since there is no friction in the screw blocks of the compressor, the power consumption is significantly reduced compared to different types of compressors. This also improves the efficiency of the power plant. The compressor inlet was connected to an air separation unit of the vacuum short-cycle adsorption equipment (VSCA) type, in which nitrogen was removed from the atmosphere, with oxygen saturation up to 85%. Supplying the already enriched air to the compressor can reduce the energy cost for compression and supply the oxygen enriched air to the combustor in a compressed state. Thus, the compressor consumes less energy to compress oxygen rather than atmospheric air, and in the combustion chamber, the same energy is generated during combustion as when the gas is oxidized by uncompressed oxygen. This increases the efficiency of the combustion chamber and eliminates gases that do not participate in the combustion process, providing a stoichiometric ratio of oxidant to fuel quantity equal to 1. The main gas not involved in combustion is nitrogen with a volume (and molar) concentration of about 80%. Supplying compressed and purified air from a compressor to a combustor significantly reduces NO x、SOxAnd CO2The content of (b).
The use of VSCA is one of the most cost-effective methods for obtaining oxygen from air. Another low cost method of obtaining maximum oxygen from air at minimum cost is the cryogenic method. However, the low temperature process is very cumbersome and inert. There are other methods such as membranes, use of SCA, etc. For the claimed power plant of the invention, the capacity does not exceed 10MW, and VSCA is optimal.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows an operating scheme of a power plant.
Detailed Description
The power plant comprises a VSCA plant 1, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a screw compressor 2, the outlet of the screw compressor 2 being connected to the inlet of a combustion chamber 3. A turbine 4 is installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber 3 and a steam generator 6 is installed in the portion 5 of the gas output channel leaving the turbine 4. The steam generator 6 may be mounted in the gas stream discharged from the combustion chamber 3. A condenser 8 connected to an external cooler is mounted in the portion 7 of the outlet channel. The output channel 7 is connected to a distilled water collection tank 9. These components of the power plant are connected to one another by a line system with shut-off valves. The distilled water collection tank 9 is connected to the steam generator 6. The steam generator 6 is connected to the combustion chamber 3 by a steam supply line, and the combustion chamber 3 is connected to a fuel supply line. The distilled water collection tank 9 is connected to the screw compressor 2 through a water supply line.
The power plant operates as follows.
Atmospheric air having an oxygen content of about 10% by volume and a nitrogen content of up to 80% is fed to the VSCA apparatus 1 via filters and a compressor (not shown in the drawings) in which nitrogen is removed from the air so that the air is saturated with oxygen. At the outlet of the VSCA apparatus, the air had a concentration of nitrogen of 15% by volume (and moles) and oxygen of up to 85%. Oxygen-enriched air is fed to the screw compressor 2 and compressed to a pressure of 60 bar. Meanwhile, the distilled water from the distilled water collecting tank 9 is simultaneously supplied to the compressor 2. A high pressure compressor is used in case of water injection. When air is compressed in the screw unit of the compressor 2, the distilled water is evaporated and the air is not heated. Since the compressor 2 is supplied with water, oil for cooling the compressed air does not need to be used. There are no friction losses in the screw compressor. The efficiency of the compressor 2 reaches 97%. From the outlet of the compressor 2, compressed oxygen-enriched air is fed into the combustor 3, as are the fuel gas methane and water vapour from the steam generator 5. Heat energy is saved by supplying steam to the combustion chamber 3, since the absence of a phase change from water to steam increases the efficiency of the power plant. The combustion of methane takes place in the combustion chamber 3. The combustion process of methane takes place in a stoichiometric ratio equal to 1. Further, the combustion products containing nitrogen and carbon dioxide are fed to the turbine 4 together with steam. At the outlet of the combustion chamber 3, there is no oxygen, since the oxidant completely contributes to the combustion of the fuel. This can ensure Protect the turbine blade from oxidation and damage. The steam supplied to the inlet of the turbine 4 protects the turbine blades from the high temperatures of the combustion products. Furthermore, the area of the output channel of the combustion chamber 3 is partially blocked by a protective plate in the form of a sector to protect the blades of the turbine 4 from high temperatures. The rotational energy of the shaft of the turbine 4 is transferred to the energy consumer. The hot exhaust gases of the combustion products assist in the formation of steam in a steam generator 6, which may be installed in the flow of combustion products after the combustion chamber 3 or in the channel 5 after the turbine 4. The resulting steam is fed into the combustion chamber 3, cooling the turbine 4 and rotating the turbine 4. The condenser 8 is connected to an external cooler, e.g. a river, a lake, etc., for cooling the gas from the steam generator 6. The distilled water collected in gas stream 7 comes from the gas being cooled. The resulting distilled water is discharged to a distilled water collection tank 9 and fed back to the system of the power plant. Distilled water from the collection tank 9 is fed to the compressor 2 and the steam generator 6. Thereby, distilled water is produced from the combustion waste and replaces the lubrication of the system, thereby increasing the efficiency of the apparatus. Containing a minimum amount of NO xIs discharged to the atmosphere. The power equipment provided by the invention has the main advantages that:
-a high efficiency of the process,
minimum NO emitted to the atmospherex
High reliability and durability of the device,
refusing to use oil to lubricate the parts.
The claimed invention thus enables an increase in the efficiency of the power plant, while reducing the amount of harmful emissions in the export gas.

Claims (1)

1. A power unit, characterized in that it consists of a combustion chamber with an outlet connected to a turbine, a compressor connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber, a steam generator connected to the combustion chamber, a gas discharge channel equipped with a condenser and connected to a distilled water collection tank connected to the steam generator, wherein the compressor is a screw compressor, the compressor is connected to the distilled water collection tank, the compressor inlet is connected to an air separation plant.
CN202180004515.7A 2020-08-06 2021-06-02 Power unit Active CN114761671B (en)

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RU2020126268 2020-08-06
RU2020126268A RU2744743C1 (en) 2020-08-06 2020-08-06 Power plant
PCT/RU2021/000240 WO2022031185A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-06-02 Power plant

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CN114761671A true CN114761671A (en) 2022-07-15
CN114761671B CN114761671B (en) 2024-06-25

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DE (1) DE112021000060T5 (en)
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WO (1) WO2022031185A1 (en)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1327795A3 (en) * 1983-05-31 1987-07-30 Крафтверк Унион А.Г. (Фирма) Combination power plant
US5175995A (en) * 1989-10-25 1993-01-05 Pyong-Sik Pak Power generation plant and power generation method without emission of carbon dioxide
RU2050443C1 (en) * 1993-06-24 1995-12-20 Химический факультет МГУ им.М.В.Ломоносова Combined steam-gas power plant
CN1612977A (en) * 2001-12-06 2005-05-04 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 Method and apparatus for achieving power augmentation in gas turbines using wet compression
CN102459842A (en) * 2009-06-04 2012-05-16 乔纳森·杰伊·范斯坦 Internal combustion engine
CN202970815U (en) * 2012-10-24 2013-06-05 南京国联电力工程设计有限公司 Heat pump for power plant
CN103967616A (en) * 2013-02-01 2014-08-06 株式会社日立制作所 Thermal power generation system
CN106661955A (en) * 2014-05-21 2017-05-10 芬诺能源有限公司 System and method for generating electric energy
CN109065914A (en) * 2018-07-03 2018-12-21 中国石油大学(北京) Using liquefied natural gas as the distributed energy resource system based on fuel cell of raw material

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6226327A (en) * 1985-07-25 1987-02-04 Mayekawa Mfg Co Ltd Power generating plant
US5247791A (en) * 1989-10-25 1993-09-28 Pyong S. Pak Power generation plant and power generation method without emission of carbon dioxide
JP6226327B2 (en) * 2014-09-17 2017-11-08 株式会社サンセイアールアンドディ Game machine

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1327795A3 (en) * 1983-05-31 1987-07-30 Крафтверк Унион А.Г. (Фирма) Combination power plant
US5175995A (en) * 1989-10-25 1993-01-05 Pyong-Sik Pak Power generation plant and power generation method without emission of carbon dioxide
RU2050443C1 (en) * 1993-06-24 1995-12-20 Химический факультет МГУ им.М.В.Ломоносова Combined steam-gas power plant
CN1612977A (en) * 2001-12-06 2005-05-04 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 Method and apparatus for achieving power augmentation in gas turbines using wet compression
CN102459842A (en) * 2009-06-04 2012-05-16 乔纳森·杰伊·范斯坦 Internal combustion engine
CN202970815U (en) * 2012-10-24 2013-06-05 南京国联电力工程设计有限公司 Heat pump for power plant
CN103967616A (en) * 2013-02-01 2014-08-06 株式会社日立制作所 Thermal power generation system
CN106661955A (en) * 2014-05-21 2017-05-10 芬诺能源有限公司 System and method for generating electric energy
CN109065914A (en) * 2018-07-03 2018-12-21 中国石油大学(北京) Using liquefied natural gas as the distributed energy resource system based on fuel cell of raw material

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RU2744743C1 (en) 2021-03-15
DE112021000060T5 (en) 2022-03-24
CN114761671B (en) 2024-06-25

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