CN114755575B - Motor fault diagnosis system and method for new energy electric vehicle - Google Patents
Motor fault diagnosis system and method for new energy electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114755575B CN114755575B CN202210373673.6A CN202210373673A CN114755575B CN 114755575 B CN114755575 B CN 114755575B CN 202210373673 A CN202210373673 A CN 202210373673A CN 114755575 B CN114755575 B CN 114755575B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/2607—Circuits therefor
- G01R31/2621—Circuits therefor for testing field effect transistors, i.e. FET's
Abstract
A motor fault diagnosis system and method for a new energy electric vehicle is disclosed, wherein the system comprises a microprocessor, a PWM driving signal generation module, a fault diagnosis circuit and a fault diagnosis module, wherein the microprocessor is used for acquiring load current, generating a PWM driving signal for driving the motor and judging whether an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube driving the fault diagnosis circuit has a fault; an overcurrent detection circuit for detecting a load current; a drive failure diagnosis circuit comprising: the driving chip is used for receiving a PWM driving signal sent by the MCU; at least three groups of parallel MOS tubes for driving single-phase coil of motor; and the switching unit is used for judging whether the group of parallel MOS tubes has faults or not, closing the group of switches, disconnecting other groups of switches, and starting the microprocessor to send out a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving signal to detect the current of the current motor, wherein if the current is normal, the group of parallel MOS tubes is normal. The method can judge which one group of MOS tubes has faults and also can judge which specific MOS tube in the group has faults, thereby realizing accurate and efficient detection of the faults.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy motor fault diagnosis, in particular to a motor fault diagnosis system and method for a new energy electric vehicle.
Background
With the development of new energy industry, new energy electric vehicles are more and more popular, and the market of small electric vehicles is more and more huge. The three-phase brushless direct current motor driving of the small-sized electric automobile usually adopts a pair of parallel MOS tubes to control a single-phase coil of the motor, and the motor is usually a three-phase motor, namely three pairs of parallel MOS tubes are adopted to control the three-phase coil of the motor to work. However, the above structure has the following drawbacks: on one hand, each phase of coil is driven by only one pair of parallel MOS tubes, so that the heat dissipation is not facilitated when the pair of MOS tubes work frequently, and the service life and the stability of the MOS tubes are also reduced; on the other hand, the circuit can only be used for driving the motor to work, but cannot be used for fault diagnosis, according to historical maintenance experience, the fault probability of the electric vehicle is very high due to the fact that the MOS tube is damaged, whether the MOS tube is damaged or not can be diagnosed by means of an external tool, and therefore the maintenance difficulty of the electric vehicle is greatly improved; the motor can not work normally, and the working efficiency is affected.
In addition, the existing overcurrent detection circuit is generally provided with a current detection sensor to detect the load current, so that the cost is increased, and the response speed is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a motor fault diagnosis system and a motor fault diagnosis method for a new energy electric vehicle, which have the advantages of high working efficiency, high stability, high detection speed, low cost and high response speed.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a motor fault diagnosis system for a new energy electric vehicle, which comprises:
the microprocessor is connected with the driving fault diagnosis circuit and the overcurrent detection circuit and is used for acquiring load current and judging whether an overcurrent problem exists or not; the fault diagnosis circuit is also used for generating PWM driving signals for driving the motor to control the power of the motor and judging whether an MOS tube driving the fault diagnosis circuit has faults or not when fault diagnosis is started;
the overcurrent detection circuit is connected with the output end of the driving fault diagnosis circuit and is used for detecting the load current and completing the fault diagnosis of the MOS tube by matching with the driving fault diagnosis circuit;
a drive failure diagnosis circuit comprising:
the driving chip is used for receiving a PWM driving signal sent by the MCU to drive the MOS tube;
at least three groups of parallel MOS tubes for driving single-phase coil of motor;
the switch unit is used for judging whether the group of parallel MOS tubes has faults or not, closing the group of switches, disconnecting other groups of switches, and starting the microprocessor to send a PWM (pulse width modulation) driving signal to detect the current of the motor, wherein if the current is normal, the group of parallel MOS tubes is normal.
Further, the switching unit is further configured to: when judging whether the group of parallel MOS tubes has a fault, closing the group of switches, disconnecting other groups of switches, and starting a microprocessor to send a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving signal to detect the current of the current motor, wherein if the current is normal, one MOS tube in the group of parallel MOS tubes works normally, otherwise, the MOS tube is judged to have a fault; when the MOS tube works normally, whether the current of the motor has periodic variation is detected, if so, the other MOS tube in the group of parallel MOS tubes works normally, otherwise, the fault is judged to occur.
Furthermore, the input end of the driving chip is connected with the microprocessor, and the output end of the driving chip is connected between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each group of parallel MOS tubes through a resistor; the node between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each group of parallel MOS tubes is connected with a single-phase coil of the motor; the switch is respectively connected between the drain electrode of one MOS tube of each group of parallel MOS tubes and the power supply of the circuit board; and the source electrode of the other MOS tube of the group is connected with the input end of the over-current detection circuit.
Further, the fault diagnosis system also comprises an overheat detection circuit, wherein the overheat detection circuit comprises a thermistor and is used for detecting the temperature of the circuit board, once the temperature is higher than a set value, an instruction is sent to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller controls the system to stop working.
The over-current detection circuit comprises a current conversion circuit and a negative feedback amplification circuit; the current conversion circuit is used for converting current into voltage and inputting the voltage to the negative feedback amplifying circuit; and the input end of the current conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the driving fault diagnosis circuit.
Further, the negative feedback amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier, and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the current conversion circuit; one branch of the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is grounded through a resistor, and the other branch is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier through a resistor.
Further, the number of the drive failure diagnosis circuits is the same as the number of phases of the motor.
The invention relates to a diagnosis method of a motor fault diagnosis system for a new energy electric vehicle, which comprises the following steps: when judging whether one group of the parallel MOS tubes has a fault, closing the switch for controlling the group of the parallel MOS tubes, disconnecting the switches of other groups, starting the microprocessor to send out a PWM driving signal, detecting the current motor current, if the current is detected to be normal, judging that the group of the parallel MOS tubes works normally, otherwise, judging that the group of the parallel MOS tubes has the fault.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: when judging whether the group of parallel MOS tubes has a fault, closing the group of switches, disconnecting other groups of switches, and starting the microprocessor to send a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving signal to detect the current of the current motor, wherein if the current is normal, the operation of one MOS tube in the group of parallel MOS tubes is normal, otherwise, the MOS tube is judged to have a fault; when the MOS tube works normally, detecting whether the current of the motor has periodic variation, if so, judging that the other MOS tube in the group of parallel MOS tubes works normally, otherwise, judging that a fault occurs.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the load current of a current resistor connected in series behind a plurality of groups of MOS tubes and unipolar coils is detected, the current generates voltage through the resistor of the current conversion circuit, the voltage is converted into voltage through the operational amplifier of the negative feedback amplification circuit, and the voltage is collected through the microprocessor to further obtain the load current.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the motor single-phase coil is driven by adopting a plurality of pairs of parallel MOS tubes, so that on one hand, the plurality of MOS tubes are beneficial to heat dissipation, and the service life and the stability of the MOS tubes are improved; when one of the MOS tubes is damaged, the other MOS tubes can continue to work, so that the electric vehicle can continue to work; on the other hand, the switch can be combined to judge which MOS tube is damaged, so that the fault diagnosis detection rate is improved, and the replacement is convenient; that is, the driving fault diagnosis circuit is connected to the current detection unit, so that it can be determined which pair has a fault, and also can be determined which MOS transistor has a fault in the pair having the fault, thereby implementing accurate and efficient detection of the fault.
By arranging the overheating/overcurrent detection circuit, a hardware monitoring threshold value can be adopted to trigger the response of the MCU, the response speed is greatly improved, and the fault diagnosis of the MOS tube can be completed by matching with a driving fault diagnosis circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic of a microprocessor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic of a motor single phase coil drive fault diagnostic circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the circuit principle of four pairs of parallel MOS transistors in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic of an over-temperature detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of an over-current detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
A motor fault diagnosis system for a new energy electric vehicle comprises a Microprocessor (MCU), an overheating/overcurrent detection circuit and a driving fault diagnosis circuit.
As shown in fig. 1: u3 is a microprocessor, and the motor is controlled to start and stop, advance and retreat, an accelerator and a brake by reading user control signals through IO. Whether overvoltage, undervoltage and overcurrent problems exist at present is judged by detecting the power supply voltage, the temperature and the current; the three-phase power of the motor is controlled by generating PWM drive signals for motor driving, thereby determining the motor speed. And when starting fault diagnosis, the method is also used for judging the fault of the MOS tube.
Wherein, R25 and C37 constitute MCU power-on reset circuit, Y1, C39, C43 constitute MCU's clock circuit, L1, C48, C49 constitute MCU filter circuit.
In this embodiment, the control circuits of the overvoltage and undervoltage detection, the motor start and stop, the forward and backward, the accelerator, and the brake all belong to the prior art, and are not described in detail here.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3: the driving fault diagnosis circuit of the embodiment adopts four pairs of parallel MOS tubes to drive the single-phase coil of the motor, so as to ensure stable power output and prolong the service life of the power tube. According to historical maintenance experience, the probability of failure of the electric vehicle caused by damage of the MOS tube is very high, so that the four-switch switching mode is adopted, the effect of rapid failure diagnosis is achieved, and the maintenance efficiency is greatly improved. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the driving fault diagnosis circuit comprises a driving chip U2, four pairs of parallel MOS tubes Q1-Q8 and switches K1-K4. The four pairs of parallel MOS transistors refer to a pair in which an upper MOS transistor and a lower MOS transistor in fig. 3 are connected in parallel, such as Q1 and Q5, Q2 and Q6, Q3 and Q7, and Q4 and Q8. Pins 1 and 3 of the input end of the U2 are respectively connected with pins 23 and 26 of the microprocessor through resistors and used for receiving PWM driving signals sent by the MCU. The output end 12 pin of the U2 is connected between the 2 pin and the 3 pin of each pair of parallel MOS tubes through a resistor, namely between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the node between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each pair of parallel MOS tubes is connected with the single-PHASE coil PHASE _ A of the motor. And a resistor is connected in parallel between the grid and the source of each MOS tube. The source electrodes of the MOS transistors Q5-Q8 are connected with the input end of the over-current detection circuit and are grounded through a resistor R65, a parallel capacitor C68 and a resistor R67 in the graph of FIG. 5. The switches K1-K4 are respectively connected between the drain electrodes of the MOS tubes Q1-Q4 and a power supply of the circuit board.
In the embodiment, the driving chip U2 is used for driving the eight MOS tubes Q1-Q8 to work alternately. The switches K1-K4 are used for switching 4 paths of MOS tube power supplies, and the fault diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
when judging whether the first pair of MOS tubes Q1 and Q5 normally work, closing K1, opening K2, K3 and K4, starting the MCU to send out duty ratio PWM (corresponding to low frequency, if 1s switches high and low level once), detecting the current motor current through the overcurrent detection circuit, if the current exists, judging that the MOS tube Q1 normally works, otherwise, judging that the MOS tube Q1 is damaged. When the MOS tube Q1 works normally, if the detection current has periodic variation, the Q5 works normally, otherwise, the Q5 is damaged.
Closing K2, disconnecting K1, K3 and K4, starting the MCU to send out low duty ratio PWM, detecting the current, if the current exists, judging that the MOS tube Q2 works normally, otherwise, judging that the MOS tube Q2 is damaged. When the MOS tube Q2 works normally, if the detection current has periodic variation, the Q6 works normally, otherwise, the Q6 is damaged.
Closing K3, disconnecting K1, K2 and K4, starting the MOS to send out low duty ratio PWM, detecting the current, if the current exists, judging that the MOS tube Q3 works normally, otherwise, judging that the MOS tube Q3 is damaged. When the MOS transistor Q3 works normally, if the detection current has periodic variation, the Q7 works normally, otherwise, the Q7 is damaged.
Closing K4, disconnecting K1, K2 and K3, starting the MCU to send out low duty ratio PWM, detecting the current, if the current exists, judging that the MOS tube Q4 works normally, otherwise, judging that the MOS tube Q4 is damaged. When the MOS transistor Q4 works normally, if the detection current has periodic variation, the Q8 works normally, otherwise, the Q8 is damaged. Specifically, because the MOS transistor Q4 is used to connect the unipolar coil and the positive electrode of the power supply, if the current in the current coil is detected, it is determined that the MOS transistor Q4 is normally connected, otherwise, it is determined that the MOS transistor Q4 is damaged. When MOS pipe Q4 normal work, because MOS pipe Q8 is used for switching on unipolar coil and power ground, when MOS pipe Q4, MOS pipe Q8 switched on in turn, the electric current can be according to PWM periodic variation, and Q8 normal work this moment, if the electric current does not change and judges that Q8 has damaged.
In the embodiment, the four pairs of parallel MOS tubes are adopted to drive the single-phase coil of the motor, so that on one hand, the plurality of MOS tubes are beneficial to heat dissipation, and the service life and the stability of the MOS tubes are improved; when one pair of MOS tubes is damaged, the other pairs of MOS tubes can continue to work, so that the electric vehicle can continue to work; on the other hand, the switch can be combined to judge which MOS tube is damaged, so that the fault diagnosis detection rate is improved, and the replacement is convenient; that is, the driving fault diagnosis circuit is connected to the current detection unit, so that it can be determined which pair has a fault, and also can be determined which MOS transistor has a fault in the pair having the fault, thereby implementing accurate and efficient detection of the fault.
The circuit diagram of the drive failure diagnosis circuit of the present embodiment is used only for driving a single-phase coil of the motor, and if a three-phase motor is used, three drive failure diagnosis circuits are required to be connected to the coils of the respective phases of the motor for driving. Because the circuit principle is the same, the motor driving and fault diagnosis circuits of other two-phase coils are not described in detail herein.
In this embodiment, the overheat/overcurrent detection circuit adopts hardware to monitor the threshold and trigger the MCU to respond, thereby greatly increasing the response speed. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 4, the overheat detection circuit includes a thermistor RT1, one end of the thermistor RT1 is connected to 5V, the other end is divided into two branches, one branch is grounded via a resistor R84, the other branch is respectively connected to a PE7_ NTC (i.e., pin 23) and a capacitor C72 of the microprocessor, and the resistor R84 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C72. The temperature of the circuit board is detected through the thermistor RT1, once the temperature is higher than a set value, an instruction is sent to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller controls the motor to stop operating.
As shown in fig. 5, the overcurrent detection circuit includes a current conversion circuit and a negative feedback amplification circuit. The resistor R65, the resistor R60, the resistor R67 and the capacitor C68 form a current conversion circuit, and the current conversion circuit is used for converting current into voltage and inputting the voltage into the negative feedback amplifying circuit. The input end of the current conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the driving fault diagnosis circuit. The negative feedback amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier U5, and a 1-pin non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the current conversion circuit; the 2 pin of the operational amplifier is grounded, and the 5 pin of the operational amplifier is connected with a +5V power supply; one branch of the 3-pin inverting input end is grounded through a resistor R74, the other branch is connected with the 4-pin output end through a resistor R72, and the 4-pin output end of the operational amplifier U5 is grounded through a resistor R75 and a capacitor C65.
The operating principle of the over-current detection circuit is as follows: the current detection resistor is connected in series behind the 4 pairs of MOS tubes and the unipolar coil and is used for detecting load current, the current generates voltage through the resistor of the current conversion circuit, the voltage is converted into voltage through the operational amplifier U5 of the negative feedback amplification circuit, and the MCU acquires the load current through the voltage acquired by the ADC. The over-current detection circuit can be used for judging whether the MOS tube works normally in cooperation with the switch.
In the embodiment, the overcurrent problem is detected by adopting the operational amplifier, so that compared with the current sensor, on one hand, the cost is reduced, and the processing and mounting steps are saved; on the other hand, the hardware circuit is adopted for current detection, the response speed can be greatly improved, once the current is detected to be overlarge, the power supply can be immediately cut off, the safety coefficient is greatly improved, and the service life of the motor is prolonged.
In summary, on one hand, the motor single-phase coil is driven by the multiple pairs of parallel MOS tubes, the multiple MOS tubes are beneficial to heat dissipation, and the service life and the stability of the MOS tubes are improved; when one of the MOS tubes is damaged, the other MOS tubes can continue to work, so that the electric vehicle can continue to work; the switch can be combined to judge which MOS tube is damaged, so that the fault diagnosis detection rate is improved, and the replacement is convenient; that is, in the present embodiment, the driving fault diagnosis circuit is connected to the current detection unit, so that it can be determined which pair has a fault, and also can be determined which MOS transistor has a fault in the pair that has the fault, thereby implementing accurate and efficient detection of the fault; on the other hand, through the arrangement of the overheating/overcurrent detection circuit, a hardware monitoring threshold value can be adopted to trigger the response of the MCU, the response speed is greatly improved, and the fault diagnosis of the MOS tube can be completed by matching with the driving fault diagnosis circuit.
Claims (8)
1. A motor fault diagnosis system for a new energy electric vehicle is characterized by comprising:
the microprocessor is connected with the driving fault diagnosis circuit and the overcurrent detection circuit and used for acquiring load current and judging whether an overcurrent problem exists or not; the fault diagnosis circuit is also used for generating PWM driving signals for driving the motor to control the power of the motor and judging whether an MOS tube driving the fault diagnosis circuit has faults or not when fault diagnosis is started;
the overcurrent detection circuit is connected with the output end of the driving fault diagnosis circuit and is used for detecting the load current and completing the fault diagnosis of the MOS tube by matching with the driving fault diagnosis circuit;
a drive failure diagnosis circuit comprising:
the driving chip is used for receiving a PWM driving signal sent by the MCU to drive the MOS tube;
at least three groups of parallel MOS tubes for driving single-phase coil of motor;
the switch unit is used for judging whether the group of parallel MOS tubes has faults or not, closing the group of switches, disconnecting other groups of switches and starting the microprocessor to send a PWM (pulse width modulation) driving signal to detect the current of the current motor, and if the current is normal, indicating that the group of parallel MOS tubes is normal;
the switch unit is further configured to: when judging whether the group of parallel MOS tubes has a fault, closing the group of switches, disconnecting other groups of switches, and starting a microprocessor to send a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving signal to detect the current of the current motor, wherein if the current is normal, one MOS tube in the group of parallel MOS tubes works normally, otherwise, the MOS tube is judged to have a fault; when the MOS tube works normally, detecting whether the current of the motor has periodic variation, if so, judging that the other MOS tube in the group of parallel MOS tubes works normally, otherwise, judging that a fault occurs.
2. The system for diagnosing the fault of the motor for the new energy electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the input end of the driving chip is connected with the microprocessor, and the output end of the driving chip is connected between the source and the drain of each group of parallel MOS tubes through a resistor; the node between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each group of parallel MOS tubes is connected with a single-phase coil of the motor; the switch is respectively connected between the drain electrode of one MOS tube of each group of parallel MOS tubes and the power supply of the circuit board; and the source electrode of the other MOS tube of the group is connected with the input end of the over-current detection circuit.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising an overheat detection circuit including a thermistor for detecting the temperature of the circuit board, and sending a command to the microcontroller to stop the system once the temperature is higher than a set value.
4. The motor fault diagnosis system for the new energy electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the over-current detection circuit comprises a current conversion circuit and a negative feedback amplification circuit; the current conversion circuit is used for converting current into voltage and inputting the voltage to the negative feedback amplifying circuit; and the input end of the current conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the driving fault diagnosis circuit.
5. The system for diagnosing the fault of the motor for the new energy electric vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the negative feedback amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier, and a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the current converting circuit; one branch of the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is grounded through a resistor, and the other branch is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier through a resistor.
6. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the driving failure diagnosis circuits is the same as the number of phases of the motor.
7. The method for diagnosing the motor fault diagnosis system for the new energy electric vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1~6, comprising the steps of: when judging whether one group of the parallel MOS tubes has a fault, closing a switch for controlling the group of the parallel MOS tubes, disconnecting switches of other groups, starting a microprocessor to send a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving signal, detecting the current motor current, judging that the group of the parallel MOS tubes works normally if the current is detected to be normal, and otherwise, judging that the group of the parallel MOS tubes has the fault;
further comprising the steps of: when judging whether the group of parallel MOS tubes has a fault, closing the group of switches, disconnecting other groups of switches, and starting the microprocessor to send a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving signal to detect the current of the current motor, wherein if the current is normal, the operation of one MOS tube in the group of parallel MOS tubes is normal, otherwise, the MOS tube is judged to have a fault; when the MOS tube works normally, whether the current of the motor has periodic variation is detected, if so, the other MOS tube in the group of parallel MOS tubes works normally, otherwise, the fault is judged to occur.
8. The method for diagnosing the motor fault diagnosis system for the new energy electric vehicle as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a current detection method: the load current of a current resistor connected in series behind a plurality of groups of MOS tubes and unipolar coils is detected, the current generates voltage through the resistor of the current conversion circuit, the voltage is converted into voltage through the operational amplifier of the negative feedback amplification circuit, and the voltage is collected through the microprocessor to further obtain the load current.
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