CN114754966B - Superspeed vacuum test device with rail car - Google Patents
Superspeed vacuum test device with rail car Download PDFInfo
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- CN114754966B CN114754966B CN202210455069.8A CN202210455069A CN114754966B CN 114754966 B CN114754966 B CN 114754966B CN 202210455069 A CN202210455069 A CN 202210455069A CN 114754966 B CN114754966 B CN 114754966B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrahigh speed wind tunnel tests and discloses an ultrahigh speed vacuum test device with a rail car. The ultrahigh-speed vacuum test device comprises a vacuum acceleration section, a test section and a deceleration section which are sequentially connected from front to back, wherein a quick gate I and a quick gate II are respectively arranged at the front end and the back end of the test section and used for sealing and isolating the test section, and test gas is filled in the test section; the bottom surfaces of the vacuum acceleration section, the test section and the deceleration section are provided with a straight line track which is through from front to back, a rail car is clamped on the straight line track, a test model is installed on the rail car, and the head of the test model faces the deceleration section. The ultrahigh-speed vacuum test device realizes ground reproduction of any airspace ultrahigh-speed flight environment by adopting a method of directly accelerating a test model in a vacuum environment, and has wide test simulation parameter range and high test efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrahigh speed wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to an ultrahigh speed vacuum test device with a rail car.
Background
In the aerospace field, in order to reproduce the real flight environment of an aircraft under ground test conditions, two methods are generally adopted: one is to directly accelerate the test model to the flying speed, such as model flying test, ballistic target equipment, rocket sled equipment and the like; the other method is to fix the test model, accelerate the gas to the flying speed by adopting certain measures, and realize that the relative speed between the test model and the gas is consistent with the real flying environment, such as a subsonic wind tunnel, a supersonic wind tunnel, a hypersonic wind tunnel and the like. The two implementation modes are good and bad respectively, factors such as economic cost and testing cost are considered comprehensively, and the application of the gas accelerating scheme in the ground test is wider. However, when low-altitude ultrahigh-speed flight is simulated, the ground wind tunnel equipment has the difficulties of simultaneously simulating high enthalpy/high total pressure, stagnation and high-temperature dissociation pollution, heat protection and the like, the shock wind tunnel is the ground equipment with the strongest comprehensive simulation capability of enthalpy value and total pressure in all wind tunnels at present, but can only meet the simulation requirement of partial ballistic parameters of ultrahigh-speed flight, the effective test time is only millisecond magnitude, and the application is extremely limited. At present, the highest simulation speed of the rocket sled device is about 5km/s, but with the improvement of the simulation speed, the larger the aerodynamic resistance of a test piece with a larger windward area is, the larger the total energy amount, energy power, acceleration time, track length and the like required by acceleration are, and the application field and the capability exertion of the rocket sled are limited.
At present, the ultrahigh speed wind tunnel test technology needs to be expanded, and an ultrahigh speed vacuum test device with a rail car needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrahigh-speed vacuum test device with a rail car.
The invention discloses an ultrahigh-speed vacuum test device with a rail car, which is characterized by comprising a vacuum acceleration section, a test section and a deceleration section which are sequentially connected from front to back, wherein the front end and the back end of the test section are respectively provided with a quick gate I and a quick gate II for sealing and isolating the test section, and test gas is filled in the test section; the bottom surfaces of the vacuum acceleration section, the test section and the deceleration section are provided with a straight line track which is through from front to back, a rail car is clamped on the straight line track, a test model is installed on the rail car, and the head of the test model faces the deceleration section; the rail car drives the test model to move from front to back along the linear rail, to move in the vacuum acceleration section in an acceleration mode, to move in the test section in a uniform speed mode, to move in the deceleration section in a deceleration mode until the test model stops, to stop when the test model reaches the front of the rear end face of the deceleration section, and to return to the front end of the vacuum acceleration section.
Furthermore, the vacuum acceleration section is externally connected with a vacuumizing device, and vacuumizing is carried out according to the test state before the test starts.
Furthermore, the test section is externally connected with a test gas mixing device, and test gas is injected according to the test state requirement before the test starts.
Furthermore, the test section is internally provided with test equipment, wherein the test equipment comprises pressure measurement equipment and temperature measurement equipment.
Furthermore, the test section is provided with an optical glass window, and the outer side of the optical glass window is provided with a flow field display system.
Furthermore, a speed reduction device is arranged in the speed reduction section and used for reducing the running speed of the rail car until the rail car reaches the front part of the rear end face of the speed reduction section and stops.
Furthermore, the rear end face of the deceleration section is closed or not closed according to the test state.
Furthermore, the test model is provided with a test device and a data storage and transmission device, and after the test is finished, the test data is transmitted to the external data processing system.
The rail car in the ultra-high speed vacuum test device with the rail car provides a platform for mounting and fixing the test model, and the rail car and the test model can be accelerated to the speed required by the test by the aid of the power device. The vacuum acceleration section provides a vacuum environment, the pneumatic resistance of the rail car in a high-speed running state can be reduced, the acceleration efficiency and the upper limit of the speed of the rail car are improved, and the acceleration process of the rail car is completed in the vacuum acceleration section. The test section is an area for carrying out high-speed flight test measurement, and gas media with different temperatures, different pressures and different components can be filled in the test section according to requirements; the rail car carries the test model to move at a high speed in the test section, receives great aerodynamic drag, and the power device of rail car can continuously provide thrust as required in order to offset or partially offset the influence of aerodynamic drag, also can close power as required, and required measuring equipment can follow and install on the test model in the experiment, also can arrange along the journey at the test section. The deceleration section provides a deceleration space and a deceleration pneumatic environment for the deceleration process of the rail car, the rail car carries the test model to enter the deceleration section after completing the test, and the rail car and the test model are finally stopped through the deceleration device.
The test operation process of the ultra-high speed vacuum test device with the rail car is as follows:
a. the vacuum acceleration section, the test section and the deceleration section are respectively kept in a sealing state, wherein a quick gate between the vacuum acceleration section and the test section is in a closing state, a quick gate between the test section and the deceleration section is in a closing state, the rail car is positioned at the initial position of the rail in the vacuum acceleration section, and the test model is fixed on the rail car.
b. The vacuum acceleration section is vacuumized, or the lower pressure is continuously maintained; the test section is filled with a gas medium with certain temperature, pressure and components according to the test state, and the deceleration section is vacuumized or filled with a gas medium with certain pressure according to the test state.
c. When the test is started, the rail car is accelerated in the vacuum acceleration section under the action of the power device, and the rapid gate I is quickly opened when the rail car is about to reach the rapid gate I; after the rail car enters a test section along a rail, the quick gate I is quickly closed; the rail car carries the test model to pass through the test section and complete the test, when the rail car is about to reach the rapid gate II, the rapid gate II is rapidly opened, and the rail car passes through the rapid gate II and enters the deceleration section; after the rail car enters the deceleration section, the quick gate II is quickly closed; and after the rail car enters the deceleration section, starting the deceleration device, finally stopping the rail car and the test model, and finishing the test.
d. The rail car drives the test model to return to the front end of the vacuum acceleration section along the linear rail, the quick gate I and the quick gate II are closed, the vacuum acceleration section is vacuumized, test gas is filled in the test section, and next test is ready to be carried out.
The ultrahigh-speed vacuum test device with the rail car can realize the reproduction of the real flight environment of any airspace, including the reproduction of extraterrestrial celestial stars such as mars and the like in the flight environment; the size and the mass of the test model can be larger, and theoretically, the upper limit requirement is not met; the requirement on energy power is low, and the speed of a test model can be improved in a long-time energy storage mode; the effective test time can be long or short, and can be adjusted in the test process according to the needs.
The ultrahigh-speed vacuum test device with the rail car realizes ground reproduction of any airspace ultrahigh-speed flight environment by adopting a method of directly accelerating a test model in a vacuum environment. The vacuum acceleration section provides a vacuum environment and is used for accelerating the test model to a required speed; the test section is used for simulating the atmospheric environment in real flight and developing corresponding tests and measurements; the deceleration section is used for decelerating the model running at high speed to stop; the rail car is used for fixing the test model, so that the test model can be accelerated and decelerated on the high-speed rail along with the rail car. The ultrahigh-speed vacuum test device with the rail car has the advantages of wide test simulation parameter range and high test efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultra high speed vacuum test apparatus having a rail car according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic external view of an ultra-high speed vacuum test apparatus having a rail car according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a test state diagram (start position) of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the test state of example 1 (rail car passing through the rapid gate I);
FIG. 5 is a view showing the state of the test in example 1 (the quick-acting shutter I is closed);
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the test state of example 1 (the rail car passing through the quick gate II);
fig. 7 is a test state diagram (end of test) of example 1.
In the figure, 1, a vacuum acceleration section; 2. a test section; 3. a deceleration section; 4. a rail car; 5. a test model; 6. a quick gate I; 7. a quick gate II; 8. a linear track.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ultra-high speed vacuum test device with the rail car comprises a vacuum acceleration section 1, a test section 2 and a deceleration section 3 which are sequentially connected from front to back, wherein a quick gate I6 and a quick gate II 7 are respectively arranged at the front end and the back end of the test section 2 and used for sealing and isolating the test section 2, and test gas is filled in the test section 2; the bottom surfaces of the vacuum acceleration section 1, the test section 2 and the deceleration section 3 are provided with a straight line track 8 which is through from front to back, a rail car 4 is clamped on the straight line track 8, a test model 5 is installed on the rail car 4, and the head of the test model 5 faces the deceleration section 3; the rail car 4 drives the test model 5 to move from front to back along the linear rail 8, to move in the vacuum acceleration section 1 at an accelerated speed, to move in the test section 2 at a uniform speed, to move in the deceleration section 3 until stopping, to stop before reaching the rear end face of the deceleration section 3, and then to return to the front end of the vacuum acceleration section 1.
Further, the vacuum acceleration section 1 is externally connected with a vacuumizing device, and vacuumizing is performed according to the test state before the test starts.
Furthermore, the test section 2 is externally connected with a test gas mixing device, and test gas is injected according to the test state before the test starts.
Furthermore, the test section 2 is internally provided with test equipment, including pressure measurement equipment and temperature measurement equipment.
Furthermore, the test section 2 is provided with an optical glass window, and a flow field display system is arranged on the outer side of the optical glass window.
Furthermore, a speed reduction device is arranged in the speed reduction section 3 and used for reducing the running speed of the rail car 4 until the rail car 4 reaches the front of the rear end face of the speed reduction section 3 and stops.
Further, the rear end face of the deceleration section 3 is closed or not closed according to the test state.
Furthermore, the test model 5 is provided with a test device and a data storage and transmission device, and after the test is finished, the test data is transmitted to an external data processing system.
Example 1
In this example, the vacuum acceleration section 1 has a length of 10km and an initial vacuum pressure of 0.1Pa. The mass of the railcar 4 and the test model 5 is 100kg, the power of the railcar 4 adopts the power of a solid rocket, and the thrust of the solid rocket is 4.5 tons. The length of the test section 2 is 1km, air is filled in the test section, the atmospheric environment with the altitude of 35km is simulated, the pressure is stabilized at 575Pa, and the temperature is controlled at 236K. The rear end of the speed reduction section 3 is not closed together with the atmospheric environment, and the length is 15km.
The specific test states are shown in fig. 3-7, and the specific process is as follows:
the rail car 4 is located in a starting position atThe front end of the vacuum acceleration section 1 is far away from the test section 2, and the test model 5 is fixed on the rail car 4. The test is started, the solid rocket is ignited, the thrust is 4.5 tons, and the distance between the rail car 4 and the test model 5 is 450m/s 2 The acceleration of the rail car 4 and the test model 5 reaches 3000m/s when the rail car accelerates forwards from a rest state on the linear rail 8 and reaches the rear end of the vacuum acceleration section 1 and approaches the test section 2, and the acceleration process takes 6.67s.
Quick gate I6 between section 1 and the test section 2 is accelerated in the vacuum in time opened, and railcar 4 passes through quick gate I6, and railcar 4 and test model 5 get into test section 2 with 3000 m/s' speed, and the solid rocket stalls simultaneously, and quick gate I6 closes immediately.
The rail car 4 and the test model 5 are gradually decelerated in the test section 2 under the influence of the aerodynamic resistance, but because the pressure in the test section 2 is low in the embodiment, the influence of the aerodynamic resistance can be ignored, and the rail car 4 and the test model 5 are considered to pass through the test section 2 at a constant speed of 3000m/s and complete the relevant test, and the time for passing through the test section 2 is 0.333s.
When the rail car 4 and the test model 5 reach the test section 2 and are close to the front end of the deceleration section 3, the quick gate II 7 between the test section 2 and the deceleration section 3 is rapidly opened, the rail car 4 and the test model 5 pass through the quick gate II 7 and enter the deceleration section 3, and the quick gate II 7 is immediately closed. The rail car 4 and the model 5 pass through the deceleration section 3 at an initial speed of 3000m/s, deceleration is carried out by using aerodynamic resistance and frictional resistance, if the resistance value is constant at 45000N, the rail car 4 and the model 5 continue to advance for 10km, then the speed of the rail car 4 and the model 5 is reduced to 0, and the test is finished.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed, the embodiments are not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, and can be fully applied to various fields of hypersonic boundary layer transition mode methods suitable for the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that additional modifications and adaptations can be readily made without departing from the principles of the invention, and the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations set forth herein.
Claims (8)
1. The ultrahigh-speed vacuum test device with the rail car is characterized by comprising a vacuum acceleration section (1), a test section (2) and a deceleration section (3) which are sequentially connected from front to back, wherein the front end and the back end of the test section (2) are respectively provided with a quick gate I (6) and a quick gate II (7) for sealing and isolating the test section (2), and test gas is filled in the test section (2); the bottom surfaces of the vacuum acceleration section (1), the test section (2) and the deceleration section (3) are provided with a straight line track (8) which is through from front to back, a rail car (4) is clamped on the straight line track (8), a test model (5) is installed on the rail car (4), and the head of the test model (5) faces the deceleration section (3); the rail car (4) drives the test model (5) to move from front to back along the linear rail (8), to move at an accelerated speed in the vacuum acceleration section (1), move at a uniform speed in the test section (2), move at a decelerated speed in the deceleration section (3) until stopping, stop before reaching the rear end face of the deceleration section (3), and then return to the front end of the vacuum acceleration section (1).
2. The ultra-high speed vacuum test device with a rail car according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum acceleration section (1) is externally connected with a vacuum pumping device, and the vacuum pumping device is used for carrying out vacuum pumping according to the test state before the test is started.
3. The ultra-high speed vacuum test apparatus with a rail car according to claim 1, wherein the test section (2) is externally connected with a test gas mixing device, and test gas is injected according to the test state before the test is started.
4. The ultra-high speed vacuum test device with a rail car according to claim 1, wherein the test section (2) is internally provided with test equipment, including pressure measurement equipment and temperature measurement equipment.
5. The ultra-high speed vacuum test device with a rail car as claimed in claim 1, wherein the test section (2) is provided with an optical glass window, and a flow field display system is arranged outside the optical glass window.
6. The ultra-high speed vacuum test device with a rail car according to claim 1, characterized in that a speed reduction device is arranged in the speed reduction section (3) for reducing the running speed of the rail car (4) until the rail car (4) reaches the front of the rear end face of the speed reduction section (3) and stops.
7. The ultra-high speed vacuum test apparatus with a rail car according to claim 1, wherein the rear end face of the deceleration section (3) is closed or not closed according to the test state.
8. The ultra-high-speed vacuum test device with the rail car as claimed in claim 1, wherein the test model (5) is provided with a test device and a data storage and transmission device, and after the test is finished, the test data is transmitted to an external data processing system.
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| CN202210455069.8A CN114754966B (en) | 2022-04-28 | 2022-04-28 | Superspeed vacuum test device with rail car |
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| JPH07500645A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1995-01-19 | フォリニン インコーポレイテッド | Nonlinear propulsion and energy conversion systems |
| US7059564B2 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2006-06-13 | The Insitu Group, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for capturing and recovering unmanned aircraft, including a cleat for capturing aircraft on a line |
| RU69244U1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2007-12-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Летно-исследовательский институт имени М.М. Громова" | GAS-DYNAMIC INSTALLATION |
| RU85650U1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2009-08-10 | Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный казенный научно-испытательный полигон авиационных систем" (ФКП "ГкНИПАС") | BENCH FOR DYNAMIC TESTS OF HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT |
| CN108398226A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-08-14 | 中南大学 | The lower train-bridge system aerodynamic characteristic wind tunnel test test device of beam wind effect and method |
| US11780580B2 (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2023-10-10 | California Institute Of Technology | Passive and active stability systems for ballistically launched multirotors |
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| US5942682A (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 1999-08-24 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Apparatus to simulate aerodynamic cooling and heating effects on aircraft/missile equipment |
| CN112504615A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-16 | 中国运载火箭技术研究院 | Rotary acceleration type magnetic suspension electromagnetic propulsion test system and method |
| CN113432823A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-24 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Polyester film clamping device |
| CN113820099A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-21 | 中山大学 | Laboratory simulation forward jet flow experiment mechanism based on motor acceleration |
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