CN114752423A - Activated sludge biomass fuel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Activated sludge biomass fuel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114752423A CN114752423A CN202210354541.9A CN202210354541A CN114752423A CN 114752423 A CN114752423 A CN 114752423A CN 202210354541 A CN202210354541 A CN 202210354541A CN 114752423 A CN114752423 A CN 114752423A
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000770 Toxic Equivalency Factor Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/32—Molding or moulds
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and discloses an activated sludge biomass fuel and a preparation method thereof, wherein in step 1, dried activated sludge is carbonized at the temperature of 900-1100 ℃ in an oxygen-free atmosphere; and 2, crushing the activated sludge carbonized in the step 1, mixing the crushed activated sludge with crushed biomass waste, and performing extrusion forming to obtain the activated sludge biomass fuel. According to the invention, the carbonization temperature of the activated sludge is controlled in an oxygen-free atmosphere, so that the generation of short-chain chlorinated hydrocarbons is reduced, and the generation of dioxin precursors is reduced from the source; the carbonized activated sludge is mixed with biomass waste to prepare the formed biomass fuel with high heat value, and the toxicity equivalent of dioxin generated by the fuel is lower than 0.01ng TEQ/Nm3Is far lower than the national standard, and the whole preparation process is simple and convenient and is suitable for industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to an activated sludge biomass fuel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Activated sludge is a type of solid waste discharged by sewage treatment plants. The activated sludge is composed of microorganisms (mainly bacteria) and organic and inorganic substances which are adsorbed and glued together, and generally carries pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals, parasitic ova and organic substances which are difficult to degrade. The urban sewage treatment plant mainly accepts and treats domestic sewage, so that the discharged activated sludge contains relatively less heavy metals and refractory organic matters. The disposal mode of the activated sludge comprises modes of landfill, incineration, agricultural utilization, forestry utilization, building material utilization and the like, and also has some unusual technical routes, such as adsorbent preparation and combustible gas preparation through pyrolysis.
The activated sludge landfill disposal, agricultural utilization and forestry utilization bring secondary pollution risks, and particularly underground water pollution is easy to cause. The problem of emission of dioxin gaseous pollutants in incineration disposal exists, and part of dioxin belongs to high-toxicity gaseous pollutants. These disposal methods have the above disadvantages, and research and development of activated sludge carbonization techniques have been promoted. For example, in the 1990 s, about 80% of activated sludge is disposed by combustion, and in order to reduce the emission of dioxin-like gas pollutants, an expensive process flow has to be added to inhibit and remove dioxin, for example, CN 102689898A discloses a method for continuously producing activated carbon by activated sludge, which has high equipment requirement and complex process flow.
The resource utilization is a large direction of activated sludge disposal, the dry-based calorific value of the activated sludge is 800-1100kCal/kg, and the calorific value is lower when the activated sludge is directly used as fuel. When the activated sludge is mixed with agriculture and forestry biomass wastes (such as straw, sawdust and bamboo wood wastes), the agriculture and forestry biomass wastes are cooperatively treated, and a biomass fuel with high calorific value can be prepared, namely, the energy of the agriculture and forestry biomass wastes is recovered while the energy of the activated sludge is recovered. Therefore, the activated sludge mixed with the agriculture and forestry biomass waste to prepare the biomass fuel is a better way for recycling the activated sludge.
For example, CN102942978A discloses a method for producing a sludge biomass fuel, in which an organic water-containing sludge and a biomass material are mixed, fermented and dehydrated to produce a new sludge biomass fuel. However, the process is complex, multiple fermentations are needed, the fermentation time is long, and the activated sludge contains a certain amount of chlorinated organic matters which are combined into dioxin in the fuel process, so that the problem of avoiding or reducing the generation of dioxin by the activated sludge biomass fuel is a key technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an activated sludge biomass fuel, aiming at solving the problems that activated sludge is difficult to dispose and is easy to generate dioxin and other hazards as well as resource, and the biomass fuel prepared by the method has high heat value, low dioxin discharge amount in the combustion and use process, simple preparation process and low cost.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of activated sludge biomass fuel comprises the following steps:
step 1, carbonizing dried activated sludge at the temperature of 900-1100 ℃ in an oxygen-free atmosphere;
and 2, crushing the activated sludge carbonized in the step 1, mixing the crushed activated sludge with crushed biomass waste, and performing extrusion forming to obtain the activated sludge biomass fuel.
There are two main mechanisms due to dioxin production. (1) High temperature homogeneous reaction mechanism: under the high temperature condition of 500-800 ℃, incomplete combustion Products (PIC) are generated in the incineration process of the organic solid wastes. The chloride in the organic solid waste is completely combusted to generate Cl2And Cl.radical. Cl2And reacting with Cl & free radical and PIC, i.e. chlorination process of PIC. The chlorination and oxidation of PIC are competitive, when the temperature is lower, the chlorination reaction is dominant, the chlorinated PIC is generated to include chlorobenzene, phenoxy and other precursors, and then dioxin is generated through condensation reaction, and the reaction route is shown in figure 1. (2) A low temperature heterogeneous catalytic reaction mechanism comprising (a) a de novo synthesis reaction: in the temperature range of 200-; (b) precursor generation reaction: when the temperature in the later combustion period is reduced to 200-450 ℃, under the catalytic action of the medium of the fly ash and the metal ions, the chlorinated organic precursor generates dioxin.
Therefore, the activated sludge is carbonized at the high temperature of 900-1100 ℃, so that a temperature area for generating dioxin is avoided, and the quantity of dioxin synthesized in the process of burning the activated sludge or mixing other biomass is greatly reduced; and the method is carried out under the anaerobic condition, wherein the organic matters are carbonized, the heat value of the activated sludge is preserved, and the recovery utilization rate of the activated sludge is improved. The carbonized activated sludge and the agriculture and forestry biomass waste are subjected to crushing, uniform mixing, extrusion forming and cutting processes to obtain the formed biomass fuel, the fuel has high heat value, the dioxin discharge amount in the subsequent combustion and use process is obviously reduced, and the storage and the transportation are convenient.
Preferably, the carbonation time in step 1 is 30min-2 h. Too short carbonization time is not beneficial to reducing the discharge amount of dioxin during the combustion of finished products.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the activated sludge to the biomass waste in the step 2 is 1-1.5: 2-4.
The carbonized activated sludge is crushed to the particle size of 0.1-3 mm; the particle size of the crushed biomass waste is 0.1-3 mm.
The biomass waste comprises at least one of sawdust, bamboo and wood waste, straw, garden pruning and the like.
The activated sludge biomass fuel is in a columnar shape with the diameter of 1-10 cm and the length of 5-100 cm.
The invention also provides the biomass fuel prepared by the preparation method, and the calorific value of the biomass fuel is 10487--1Flammability index of 6.88-12.92X 10-5％·min·K2(ii) a The comprehensive combustion performance index is 2.61-5.22 multiplied by 10-7％2·min2·K3。
The toxicity equivalent of dioxin generated by burning the biomass fuel is lower than 0.01ng TEQ/Nm3Far lower than the national Standard for controlling pollution caused by Incineration of household garbage (GB18485-2014) and the European Union Directive 2000/76/EC of the European parameter and the Council of 4 Decumber 2000on the introduction of Water Directive, about the emission limit of dioxin, 0.1ng TEQ/Nm3。
Further preferably, in practical production application of the invention, the biomass fuel is produced by combustion The toxicity equivalent of the raw dioxin can be controlled between 0.001 ng and 0.004ng TEQ/Nm3It can be seen that the method of the present invention has a significant effect on reducing the amount of dioxin discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the method for controlling the discharge amount of dioxin through process inhibition and terminal treatment in the fuel combustion process in the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention controls the carbonization temperature and atmosphere of activated sludge only by carbonizing under an anaerobic condition, avoids the temperature interval for generating dioxin through low-temperature heterogeneous catalysis, reduces the generation of short-chain chlorinated hydrocarbons, and reduces the generation of dioxin precursors from the source; and mixing the carbonized activated sludge with biomass waste to prepare the formed biomass fuel with high calorific value.
(2) The forming method of the biomass fuel is extrusion forming, and tar substances generated in the carbonization process have good bonding effect, so that no additional bonding agent is needed, and the cost and the process complexity are reduced.
(3) The toxicity equivalent of dioxin generated by combustion of the biomass fuel prepared by the invention is lower than 0.01ng TEQ/Nm3The method is far lower than the emission limit value of dioxin in the national standard, and the whole preparation process is simple and convenient, is suitable for industrialization, realizes industrial production and has good effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a possible route for high temperature gas phase generation of dioxin.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a process flow for preparing activated sludge biomass fuel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that they can make modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In the following specific embodiment, the activated sludge is derived from a sludge workshop of a sewage treatment plant in east China of Jiande city, Zhejiang province, and the biomass fuel comprises sawdust, bamboo and wood waste, straws, garden pruning and the like.
Example 1
The preparation process schematic diagram of the biomass fuel is shown in fig. 2, and the carbonized activated sludge is obtained by feeding dried activated sludge into a belt-type carbonizing machine from a feeding bin positioned at the front end of the carbonizing machine under the anaerobic condition, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 900 ℃ and the carbonizing time is 2 hours. The carbonized activated sludge is crushed to the particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. Pulverizing the agricultural and forestry waste to particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. And respectively conveying the carbonized activated sludge powder and the agriculture and forestry biomass waste powder to a mixing bin according to the mass ratio of 3:5, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture. And conveying the mixed material to a screw forming machine, and extruding the mixed material by controlling the screw feeding speed. And (4) outputting the mixture by a screw heating forming machine, and feeding the mixture into a cutting machine to obtain the formed biomass fuel. The formed biomass fuel is normally combusted in a boiler, and the toxicity equivalent of dioxin in flue gas is measured to be 0.001ng TEQ/Nm 3。
Comparative example 1
And under the aerobic condition, feeding the dried activated sludge into a belt-type carbonizing machine from a feeding bin positioned at the front end of the carbonizing machine, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 900 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 2 hours, so as to obtain the carbonized activated sludge. The carbonized activated sludge is crushed to the particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. Pulverizing the agricultural and forestry waste to particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. And respectively conveying the carbonized activated sludge powder and the agriculture and forestry biomass waste powder to a mixing bin according to the mass ratio of 3:5, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture. The mixture is conveyed to a screw forming machine, and the mixed material is extruded by controlling the screw feeding speed. And (4) outputting the mixture by a screw heating forming machine, and feeding the mixture into a cutting machine to obtain the formed biomass fuel. The formed biomass fuel is normally combusted in a boiler, and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin is measured to be 0.43ng TEQ/Nm3. Therefore, the release amount of dioxin is still not low when the biomass fuel prepared by using the activated sludge is combusted under the aerobic condition.
Example 2
Under the condition of no oxygen, the dried activated sludge is carbonizedFeeding the material feeding bin at the front end of the machine into a belt type carbonizing machine, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 1000 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 2 hours, so that carbonized activated sludge is obtained. The carbonized activated sludge is crushed to the particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. Pulverizing the agricultural and forestry waste to particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. And respectively conveying the carbonized activated sludge powder and the agriculture and forestry biomass waste powder to a mixing bin according to the mass ratio of 3:5, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture. And conveying the mixed material to a screw forming machine, and extruding the mixed material by controlling the screw feeding speed. And (4) outputting the mixture by a screw heating forming machine, and feeding the mixture into a cutting machine to obtain the formed biomass fuel. The formed biomass fuel is normally combusted in a boiler, and the toxicity equivalent of dioxin is measured to be 0.002ng TEQ/Nm 3。
Comparative example 2
And (3) under the anaerobic condition, feeding the dried activated sludge into a belt-type carbonizing machine from a feeding bin positioned at the front end of the carbonizing machine, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 400 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 2 hours, so as to obtain the carbonized activated sludge. The carbonized activated sludge is crushed to the particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. Pulverizing the agricultural and forestry waste to particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. And respectively conveying the carbonized activated sludge powder and the agriculture and forestry biomass waste powder to a mixing bin according to the mass ratio of 3:5, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture. The mixture is conveyed to a screw forming machine, and the mixed material is extruded by controlling the screw feeding speed. And (4) outputting the mixture by a screw heating forming machine, and feeding the mixture into a cutting machine to obtain the formed biomass fuel. The formed biomass fuel is normally combusted in a boiler, and the toxicity equivalent of dioxin is measured to be 0.013ng TEQ/Nm3。
Example 3
And (3) under an anaerobic condition, feeding the dried activated sludge into a belt-type carbonizing machine from a feeding bin positioned at the front end of the carbonizing machine, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 900 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 1h, so as to obtain the carbonized activated sludge. The carbonized activated sludge is crushed to the particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. Pulverizing the agricultural and forestry waste to particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. And respectively conveying the carbonized activated sludge powder and the agriculture and forestry biomass waste powder to a mixing bin according to the mass ratio of 3:5, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture. And conveying the mixed material to a screw forming machine, and extruding the mixed material by controlling the screw feeding speed. The mixed material is output from the screw heating forming machine and enters a cutting machine to obtain And (4) forming the biomass fuel. The formed biomass fuel is normally combusted in a boiler, and the toxicity equivalent of dioxin is measured to be 0.003ng TEQ/Nm3。
Comparative example 3
And (3) under an anaerobic condition, feeding the dried activated sludge into a belt-type carbonizing machine from a feeding bin positioned at the front end of the carbonizing machine, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 900 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 10min, so as to obtain the carbonized activated sludge. The carbonized activated sludge is crushed to the particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. Pulverizing the agricultural and forestry waste to particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. And respectively conveying the carbonized activated sludge powder and the agriculture and forestry biomass waste powder to a mixing bin according to the mass ratio of 3:5, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture. And conveying the mixed material to a screw forming machine, and extruding the mixed material by controlling the screw feeding speed. And (4) outputting the mixture by a screw heating forming machine, and feeding the mixture into a cutting machine to obtain the formed biomass fuel. The formed biomass fuel is normally combusted in a boiler, and the toxicity equivalent of dioxin is measured to be 0.26ng TEQ/Nm3. The carbonization time is too short, and the dioxin release amount is still not low when the biomass fuel prepared by the activated sludge is combusted.
Example 4
And (3) under an anaerobic condition, feeding the dried activated sludge into a belt-type carbonizing machine from a feeding bin positioned at the front end of the carbonizing machine, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 900 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 2 hours, so as to obtain the carbonized activated sludge. The carbonized activated sludge is crushed to the particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. Pulverizing the agricultural and forestry waste to particle size of 0.1-3.0 mm. Respectively conveying the carbonized activated sludge powder and the agricultural and forestry waste powder to a mixing bin according to the proportion of 60%, 40% and 20%, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture. And conveying the mixed material to a screw forming machine, and extruding the mixed material by controlling the screw feeding speed. And (4) outputting the mixture by a screw heating forming machine, and feeding the mixture into a cutting machine to obtain the formed biomass fuel. The formed biomass fuel was normally combusted in a boiler, and the test results are shown in table 1.
The ignition temperature reflects the ease with which the fuel ignites and the reaction proceeds during the initial stage of combustion, and a lower ignition temperature indicates that the fuel ignites more easily and the ignition performance is better. As is clear from Table 1, the ignition temperature of the activated sludge was 246 ℃, the ignition temperature of the wood chips was 298 ℃, and the ignition temperature (283-298 ℃) of the molded biomass fuel gradually increased as the proportion of the activated sludge decreased. The ignition temperature of the formed biomass fuel is closely related to the types of volatile matters contained in the formed biomass fuel, the volatile matters in the activated sludge mainly comprise fats, proteins and saccharides, and CO in the activated sludge can convert refractory volatile matters into easily decomposable volatile matters, so that the ignition temperature of the activated sludge is reduced. The volatile components in the wood chips are mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which are difficult to decompose, so the ignition temperature of the wood chips is relatively high. As the proportion of the activated sludge is increased, the ignition temperature of the formed fuel is lower and lower, because the volatile components of the activated sludge can be greatly separated out and combusted at a lower temperature, thereby improving the ignition performance of the formed biomass fuel
The burnout temperature is an important parameter for the burnout characteristics of the reaction fuel, and a lower burnout temperature indicates that the fuel is more easily burnout, whereas the fuel is less easily burnout. As can be seen from Table 1, the burnout temperature of the shaped biomass fuel increased with the increase of the proportion of the activated sludge, indicating that the wood chips were more easily burnout than the activated sludge because the activated sludge contained organic substances and inorganic salts which were difficult to burn.
Although the ignition temperature can more intuitively reflect the ignition characteristics in the fuel combustion process, the ignition temperature is not enough to reflect the reaction capability of the fuel before combustion, so the concept of flammability index C is introduced, and C is defined as (dw/dt)max/Ti 2. A higher flammability index indicates a better ignition stability of the fuel. The flammability index indicates that the ignition stability of the shaped biomass fuel becomes worse as the proportion of activated sludge increases.
In order to comprehensively evaluate the combustion condition of the formed biomass fuel, the combustion performance of the fuel is evaluated by adopting a comprehensive combustion performance index Sw, and Sw (dw/dt)max·(dw/dt)mean/(Ti 2·Th). The comprehensive combustion performance index reflects the combustion condition of the sludge in the whole process from ignition to burnout, and the larger the comprehensive combustion performance index is, the better the combustion performance of the fuel is. The comprehensive combustion characteristic index of the fuel is gradually increased along with the increase of the content of the wood chips, which indicates the addition of the wood chipsThe overall combustion performance of the shaped fuel is improved.
Although the toxicity equivalent of dioxin gradually increases along with the proportion of the activated sludge, the value is still lower than 0.01ng TEQ/Nm required by national standard3。
Table 1 combustion performance of biomass fuel prepared in example 4
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the activated sludge biomass fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, carbonizing dried activated sludge at the temperature of 900-1100 ℃ in an oxygen-free atmosphere;
and 2, crushing the activated sludge carbonized in the step 1, mixing the crushed activated sludge with crushed biomass waste, and performing extrusion forming to obtain the activated sludge biomass fuel.
2. The method for preparing the activated sludge biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization time in step 1 is 30min-2 h.
3. The method for preparing the activated sludge biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the activated sludge to the biomass waste in the step 2 is 1-1.5: 2-4.
4. The method for preparing the activated sludge biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein the carbonized activated sludge is pulverized to have a particle size of 0.1 to 3 mm; the particle size of the crushed biomass waste is 0.1-3 mm.
5. The preparation method of the activated sludge biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein the biomass waste comprises at least one of sawdust, bamboo wood waste, straw and garden pruning.
6. The method for preparing the activated sludge biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein the activated sludge biomass fuel is in a columnar shape with the diameter of 1-10 cm and the length of 5-100 cm.
7. The biomass fuel produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The biomass fuel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the biomass fuel has a heat value of 10487-16722 kJ-kg-1Flammability index of 6.88-12.92X 10-5％·min·K2(ii) a The comprehensive combustion performance index is 2.61-5.22 x 10-7％2·min2·K3。
9. The biomass fuel according to claim 7, wherein the toxic equivalent of dioxin in flue gas generated by combustion of the biomass fuel is less than 0.01ng TEQ/Nm3。
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