CN114744408A - Optical machine structural type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface - Google Patents
Optical machine structural type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN114744408A CN114744408A CN202210353904.7A CN202210353904A CN114744408A CN 114744408 A CN114744408 A CN 114744408A CN 202210353904 A CN202210353904 A CN 202210353904A CN 114744408 A CN114744408 A CN 114744408A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/004—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective using superconducting materials or magnetised substrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light machine structural type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface, which is applied to the field of beam scanning reflective array antennas and focal length adjustable planar devices. The method aims at the problems that the sizes of the units of the existing controllable super-surface of the optical machine are consistent, and the electromagnetic response characteristic of each unit in the super-surface can not be independently controlled, namely the control flexibility of electromagnetic waves is limited. According to the optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface, under the excitation of electromagnetic waves with different power, the nonlinear response characteristics of each unit in a super surface unit subarray are different, the cantilever arm and the air gap of each unit are designed in a unified mode, the capacitor transverse shaft of each unit is designed independently, the electromagnetic response of each unit in the super surface is controlled dynamically in real time, and the more flexible reconfigurable function is achieved. The invention provides a new idea for real-time dynamic regulation and control of the tunable and reconfigurable super surface, and supplements the technical research of the controllable super surface based on the optical-mechanical coupling mechanism at home and abroad.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of beam scanning reflective array antennas and focal length adjustable planar devices, and particularly relates to a reconfigurable tuning type super-surface technology.
Background
The electromagnetic metamaterial is an artificial electromagnetic material with unique physical characteristics which cannot be found in nature, and compared with a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial, the two-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial has the advantages of small size, low loss and low cost, so that the two-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial is widely concerned and researched. However, after the super-surface is designed, manufactured and shaped, the specific response characteristic within the designed frequency band is solidified and can not be changed, and the super-surface does not have the tunability of the working frequency and the reconfigurability of the function. In recent years, researches on a synthesis mechanism, a design method and the like of a response characteristic reconfigurable intelligent metamaterial and a super surface become a hotspot and a key point in academic circles and industrial circles, concepts and design technologies such as an active controllable super surface, a temperature control super surface, a nonlinear super surface, a mechanical controllable super surface, an acoustic controllable super surface and the like are successively provided, various characteristic parameters of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves are intelligently controlled, and the application prospect and the requirements are wide.
However, the active reconfigurable tuning type super-surface provided at present has the problems of large volume, high power consumption, low reliability, limited applicability and application field and the like; the temperature control super surface proposed at present is greatly influenced by environmental changes, and has poor real-time controllability; the electromagnetic response regulation of the nonlinear super surface proposed at present to each unit is limited, so that the reconfigurable function and performance of the nonlinear super surface are very limited; the currently proposed mechanically controllable super-surface has limited adjustable precision and slow switching speed. In recent years, the optical-mechanical metamaterial has nonlinear optical-mechanical coupling characteristics, which are concerned, the nonlinear characteristics of the optical-mechanical metamaterial are derived from mutual coupling effect of incident wave energy and unit structure potential energy, the optical-mechanical structure type controllable super surface is constructed on the basis of the optical-mechanical metamaterial, namely, a complex peripheral circuit and an auxiliary device are not needed, the electromagnetic characteristics can be controlled only by changing the power of external excitation, the optical-mechanical structure type controllable super surface has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in controlling electromagnetic wave characteristics and high control response speed, the electromagnetic characteristic control precision of the currently proposed optical-mechanical structure type super surface to each unit is limited, namely, the electromagnetic response characteristics of all units in the super surface are the same, the optical-mechanical structure type wave beam controllable super surface has different unit electromagnetic response characteristics, and the beam direction control is finally realized through independent design and control of the electromagnetic response of each unit, in conclusion, the optical-mechanical structural type beam controllable super-surface innovatively provided by the paper has important scientific research value and has wide application requirements in various fields of military and civil use.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface, wherein under the excitation of electromagnetic waves with different power levels, the nonlinear response characteristics of each unit in the super surface are different, the electromagnetic response of each unit in the super surface is dynamically controlled in real time by independently designing the length of a transverse shaft of a capacitor of each unit and combining the uniform design of a cantilever arm and an air gap of the whole super surface and changing the power level of external excitation, and the controllability of reflected beams is finally realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface is formed by periodically arranging unit subarrays, wherein the unit subarrays are formed by n super surface units with continuous gradient change of phases.
The structure of the super-surface unit is as follows from top to bottom: the ELC metal resonant ring, the flexible medium substrate and the metal back plate; the ELC metal resonant ring is prepared on the flexible medium substrate, and air is filled between the flexible medium substrate and the bottom metal back plate; the structure of the flexible medium substrate specifically comprises: the middle square part and the four cantilever beam arms are perpendicular to a capacitor transverse shaft of the ELC metal resonant ring, one end of each of the four cantilever beam arms is fixed on a support column of the metal back plate, and the other end of each of the four cantilever beam arms is connected with the middle square part into a whole.
The length of a capacitor transverse shaft of each super-surface unit is independently designed, and cantilever beams and air gaps of all super-surface units are uniformly designed.
The combination of the length of the transverse shaft of the capacitor, the size of the cantilever beam and the size of the air gap of each super-surface unit corresponds to an abrupt phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave.
The phase arrangement corresponding to the n super-surface units in the unit subarray meets the generalized Snell's law.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the unit structure adopted by the optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflection beam controllable super surface, the metal resonance ring is prepared on the flexible medium substrate, and air is filled between the flexible medium and the bottom metal back plate; the optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit structure is excited to perform electromagnetic resonance under the action of incident electromagnetic waves, induced currents are generated on the metal resonance ring and the metal back plate in the unit structure, the metal resonance ring and the metal back plate generate mutually repulsive ampere force due to the existence of the induced currents, the metal resonance ring and the metal back plate are far away from each other, finally, the flexible medium of the optical mechanical metamaterial deforms, and the metal resonance ring and the flexible medium of the optical mechanical metamaterial are used as a unified whole to deform;
the unit structure of the invention changes the sudden change phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave by independently designing the length of the transverse shaft of the capacitor and uniformly designing the cantilever beam arm and the air gap of the unit. When the applied power is changed from low power to high power, the sizes of the cantilever arms of all the units on the super surface are consistent, and the difference of the length of the transverse shaft of each unit capacitor in the unit sub-array only brings slight difference to the mass, so that the flexible medium almost uniformly jumps from the ground state h1 to the steady state h2, the phase response of each unit corresponding to the sub-array is changed, and the design of controllable beam deflection is finally completed;
the invention provides a new idea for real-time dynamic regulation and control of the tunable and reconfigurable super surface, so that the electromagnetic response of each unit in the super surface is dynamically controlled in real time, and a more flexible reconfigurable function is realized. The invention provides a new idea for real-time dynamic regulation and control of the tunable and reconfigurable super surface, and supplements the technical research of the controllable super surface based on the optical-mechanical coupling mechanism at home and abroad.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an opto-mechanical millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit and its geometry according to the present invention;
wherein, (a) is a schematic diagram of a unit structure, (b) is a top view of the unit structure, and (c) is a side view of the unit structure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the return loss and phase of the reflected wave of the optical-mechanical millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit and the variation of the frequency of the electromagnetic wave;
wherein, (a) is the change relation of the return loss of unit structure reflected waves along with the frequency of incident electromagnetic waves, and (b) is the change relation of unit structure reflected wave phases along with the frequency of incident electromagnetic waves;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the amplitude and phase of the reflected wave of the optical-mechanical millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit and the change of the horizontal axis of the capacitor according to the present invention;
wherein, (a) is the change relation between the phase of the reflected wave of the super surface unit structure and the length of the transverse axis of the capacitor when the h _ air interval is changed by 0.1mm, and (b) is the change relation between the amplitude of the reflected wave of the super surface unit structure and the length of the transverse axis of the capacitor when the h _ air interval is changed by 0.1 mm;
fig. 4 shows induced current distribution of the metal resonant ring surface and the metal back plate of the optical mechanical structure millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit provided by the present invention;
wherein, (a) is a current mode corresponding to a horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor of 0.63mm, (b) is a current mode corresponding to a horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor of 0.63mm, (c) is a current mode corresponding to a horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor of 0.69mm, (d) is a current mode corresponding to a horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor of 0.69mm, (e) is a current mode corresponding to a horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor of 0.72mm, (f) is a current mode corresponding to a horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor of 0.72mm, (g) is a current mode corresponding to a horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor of 0.80mm, and (h) is a current mode corresponding to a horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor of 0.80 mm;
FIG. 5 is an ampere force and elastic force analysis of the optical mechanical structure millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit provided by the present invention;
wherein, (a) is an ampere force elasticity analysis chart of a super surface composed of phase points selected from a curve of an air gap h _ air of 0.3mm shown in fig. 3(a), and (b) is an enlarged view of fig. 5 (a);
FIG. 6 is an illustration showing the intrinsic mechanical frequency of the optical mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram of arrangement and beam deflection effects of the optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface and the unit sub-arrays thereof, and finally deflection from 0 ° to 25 ° is achieved;
the structure of the super surface and the unit subarrays of the super surface is 0.2mm for each unit air gap, (b) the structure of the super surface and the unit subarrays of the super surface is 0.3mm for each unit air gap, and (c) the structure of the super surface and the unit subarrays of the super surface is 0.35mm for each unit air gap;
FIG. 8 is a deflection of Ey's far field radiation pattern from 0 to 25 in the xoz plane of an opto-mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable metasurface provided by the present invention;
wherein (a) is the far field 0 ° radiation direction of Ey, and (b) is the far field 25 ° radiation direction of Ey;
fig. 9 is a deflection from 0 ° to 25 ° of an electric field path diagram of the optical mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface on the xoz plane according to the present invention;
wherein (a) is the 0 DEG direction of the electric field path, and (b) is the 25 DEG direction of the electric field path;
fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement and beam deflection effect of the optical mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit sub-array, which is provided by the present invention, to realize deflection from 34 ° to 0 °;
wherein (a) is the beam 0 ° direction and (b) is the beam 25 ° direction;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a far-field radiation pattern of Ey on xoz plane of an optical-mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface, which is used for realizing the deflection from 34 degrees to 0 degrees;
wherein (a) is the far field 34 ° radiation direction of Ey, and (b) is the far field 0 ° radiation direction of Ey;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of an electric field path of the optical mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface on the xoz plane, which realizes a deflection from 34 degrees to 0 degrees;
wherein, (a) is the 34 ° direction of the electric field path, and (b) is the 0 ° direction of the electric field path;
description of the reference numerals: the structure comprises an ELC metal resonant ring 1, a cantilever beam 2, a flexible medium substrate 3, an air gap 4, a metal back plate 5 and a support column 6.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical contents of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the following technical terms will be described first:
1. capacitor cross shaft
As shown in fig. 1 (b), the portion of the ELC metal resonator corresponding to the capacitance is defined as the capacitor horizontal axis, i.e., the portion of the ELC metal resonator having the length m shown in fig. 1 (b).
2. Independent design
Corresponding to the present invention, the capacitor cross-axis lengths representing each super-surface unit are all different.
3. Unified design
Corresponding to the present invention, the dimensions of the cantilever arms and the air gaps, representing all cells of the super-surface, are the same.
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam nonlinear controllable super-surface unit, which is specifically:
the invention provides a thought for constructing a novel optical mechanical structural type super surface, and the optical mechanical structural type reflection type microwave super surface is excited by electromagnetic waves with different power levels to independently design the length of a capacitor cross shaft of each unit and uniformly design cantilever arms and air gaps of all units on the super surface so as to dynamically control the electromagnetic response of each unit in the super surface in real time and realize a more flexible reconfigurable function. The discovery of the invention fills the gap of the research on the novel nonlinear controllable super-surface technology based on the electromagnetic energy-structure potential energy coupling mechanism at home and abroad.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the independent design mentioned in the present invention is to independently design the length of the capacitor cross axis of each super-surface unit according to different conditions, and finally the length of the capacitor cross axis of each unit is different; the uniform design in the invention means that the cantilever arms and the air gaps of all the units are designed under the same condition, and finally the cantilever arms and the air gaps of all the units are the same in size parameter.
As shown in fig. 1(a), the optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit structure of the present invention sequentially includes, from top to bottom: the flexible printed circuit board comprises an ELC metal resonance ring 1, a flexible medium substrate 3 and a metal back plate 5; the ELC metal resonant ring 1 is prepared on a flexible medium substrate 3, and air is filled between the flexible medium substrate 3 and a bottom metal back plate 5 to form an air gap 4; the structure of the flexible medium substrate 3 specifically includes: the middle square part and four suspension beam arms 2, the suspension beam arms 2 are perpendicular to a capacitor transverse shaft of the ELC metal resonant ring 1, the uniform ends of the four suspension beam arms 2 are fixed on a support column 6 of the metal back plate, and the other ends of the four suspension beam arms 2 are connected with the square flexible medium into a whole; the flexible medium and the metal resonant ring can be deformed as a whole through the structural design.
Example 2
This embodiment provides an implementation of an optical mechanical structure millimeter wave reflected beam nonlinear controllable super surface:
the embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) the shape of the cell structures in the array; (2) materials of unit structures in the array; (3) the size of the unit metal resonance ring in the array; (4) the dimensions of the unit cantilever arms in the array; (5) cell air gap size in the array; (6) the unit structure realizes the arrangement mode of a periodic array; (7) the period of the cell structure in the array.
Important dimensions are explained below, the short side period of the unit structure is 3.2mm, the long side period of the unit structure is 9.8mm, the width of the flexible medium is 3mm, the period of the metal resonance ring is 2.5mm, further, the half of the capacitor interval is 0.2mm, the width of the resonance ring is 0.3mm, simulation is performed based on the unit structure, the sizes of the unit cantilever arms of the final design obtained through simulation calculation are 3mm x 0.5mm, the air gap is set to be 0.2mm when the resonance structure of the unit is in a basic state, and the air gap is set to be 0.3mm when the resonance structure of the unit is in a stable state. If the super-surface is formed by the unit sub-arrays with 6 unit structures, the lengths of the transverse shafts of the capacitors corresponding to the unit sub-arrays are respectively designed to be 0.48mm, 0.57mm, 0.6mm, 0.61mm, 0.63mm and 0.7mm, the period of the unit sub-arrays on the super-surface is 19.2mm, the width of the unit sub-arrays is 9.8mm, the number of units in the unit sub-arrays is 6, and the super-surface is formed by periodically arranging the unit sub-arrays with the sizes. If the super-surface is formed by the unit subarrays with 8 unit structures, the lengths of the transverse shafts of the capacitors corresponding to the unit subarrays are respectively designed to be 0.63mm, 0.63mm, 0.69mm, 0.69mm, 0.63mm, 0.72mm, 0.72mm, 0.8mm and 0.8mm, the period of the unit subarrays on the super-surface is 25.6mm, the width of the unit subarrays is 9.8mm, the number of the units in the unit subarrays is 8, and the super-surface is formed by periodically arranging the unit subarrays with the sizes.
Referring to fig. 1 (b) and (c), the optomechanical millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit and its geometric dimensions of the present invention, wherein the period p of the unit structure is 3mm, the period d of the metal resonance ring (1) is 2.5mm, the length m of the capacitor transverse axis is variable, the width n of the metal resonance ring is 0.3mm, the half a of the distance between the transverse axes of the metal resonance ring is 0.2mm, the length of the cantilever (2) is length, the width of the cantilever is wide, the period p _ back of the unit along the x axis is 3.2mm, the material used for the unit structure is, in turn, ELC metal resonance ring is Cu, the thickness of copper (Cu) is h _ Cu is 0.012mm, the flexible medium (3) is FPC material, the thickness of flexible medium is h _ FPC mm, the metal back plate is AL, the thickness of metal back plate (5) is q is 0.8mm, and the beam (6) is supported by the flexible beam (6) to form the fixed end of the flexible medium layer, so that the flexible medium and the metal back plate form an air gap (4) with a certain height h _ air. For the array designed in the embodiment, the initial heights between the unit flexible media and the metal back plate in the super surface are both 0.2mm, and then under the external excitation of different powers, the flexible media can start to vibrate, so that the air gap is changed.
Referring to fig. 2, the optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface unit reflected wave return loss, phase and electromagnetic wave frequency variation relationship, fig. 2(a) shows the variation relationship of the unit structure reflected wave phase with the incident electromagnetic wave frequency, which illustrates that the unit structure can realize deflection of a specific beam within a certain frequency range. Fig. 2(b) shows the variation of the return loss of the reflected wave of the unit structure with the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave, which illustrates that the unit structure can change the resonant frequency of the structure by adjusting the size of the air gap h _ air, thereby changing the abrupt phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave.
Referring to fig. 3, the optical-mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam of the invention can control the variation relationship between the amplitude and phase of the reflected wave of the super-surface unit and the transverse axis of the capacitor, the unit structure can change the resonant frequency of the structure by adjusting the size of the transverse axis of the capacitor, thereby changing the sudden change phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave, the unit structure is simulated by using hfss electromagnetic simulation software, the periphery of the unit structure is provided with master-slave boundary conditions, and lumped port excitation is performed. Under the condition of incident y polarization and 28GHz excitation, fig. 3(a) shows the change relationship between the phase of a reflected wave of the super-surface unit structure and the length of the transverse axis of the capacitor when the h _ air interval is changed by 0.1mm, the phase of the reflected wave shown in fig. 3 is reduced along with the increase of the length of the transverse axis of the capacitor, and a simulation result that the phase coverage range is close to 2 pi is obtained, the figure illustrates that the phase change of the h _ air interval is large among 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm, the phase change after 0.3mm is not large, namely, the beam deflection degree is changed along with the change of the applied power on the premise that the change magnitude of the air gap can reach the magnitude of 0.1mm, and the optimal ground state is selected to be 0.1mm or 0.2 mm. FIG. 3(b) shows the relationship between the amplitude of the reflected wave of the super-surface unit structure and the length of the capacitor transverse axis when the h _ air interval is changed to 0.1mm, and these parameters create conditions for realizing the abnormal deflection of the reflected wave beam.
Here Π can be referred to either as 3.1415926 or 180 °, 2 Π indicating that 360 ° phase coverage is achieved.
Referring to FIG. 4, the optical mechanical structure of the present invention is millimeterInduced current distribution of the metal resonant ring surface and the metal back plate of the wave reflection beam controllable super-surface unit selects a phase point in a curve with an air gap h _ air of 0.3mm shown in fig. 3(a), and when the super-surface phase gradient is ξ of 2 π/Lx＝0.418k0Where L is the length of the subarray 25.6mm and the width 9.8mm, since k0＝2π/λ0，λ0The electromagnetic wave is redirected to theta after being reflected by the super surfacerThe number of elements in the sub-array is 23.96 degrees, the phase difference d phi between every two elements is 90 degrees, the constant phase difference between the adjacent elements can be obtained at 28GHz, and the lengths m of the transverse axes of the capacitors are respectively 0.63mm, 0.63mm, 0.69mm, 0.69mm, 0.72mm, 0.72mm, 0.8mm and 0.8 mm. When the incident 28GHz excitation, the metal backboard current and the metal resonance ring current are opposite, the resonance structure works in a magnetic resonance mode, and mutually repulsive ampere force is generated between the metal resonance ring and the metal backboard. It can also be seen from fig. 4 that as the length of the capacitor's horizontal axis increases to a certain value, the direction of the current changes. Fig. 4(a) and (b) show the current patterns corresponding to the case where the horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor is 0.63mm, fig. 4(c) and (d) show the current patterns corresponding to the case where the horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor is 0.69mm, fig. 4(e) and (f) show the current patterns corresponding to the case where the horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor is 0.72mm, and fig. 4(g) and (h) show the current patterns corresponding to the case where the horizontal axis of the cell structure capacitor is 0.80 mm.
Referring to fig. 5, as shown in fig. 5(a), if the electromagnetic wave with the magnetic field intensity of H _ low is perpendicularly incident on the super surface, the generated ampere force corresponds to the long and short dash line in the drawing, and at this time, there is no intersection point between the ampere force and the elastic force, and the resonant unit is stabilized at the ground state of 0.2 mm. If the ampere force generated when the electromagnetic wave with the magnetic field intensity of H _ high is vertically incident on the super surface corresponds to the dotted line, in order to enable each unit to reach the preset steady air gap value from the ground state, namely the position where the steady state air gap value is more than or equal to 0.3mm, a proper elastic curve needs to be found, so that the abscissa corresponding to the intersection of the spring force curve and the ampere force is exactly the range within which the target steady state air gap value is located, as shown in FIG. 5(b) which is an enlarged view of the black straight line shown in FIG. 5(a), since the small variation of the length of the capacitor transverse axis has little influence on the elastic coefficient of the final design structure, therefore, for different unit structures with the length and the width of the cantilever beam being uniform and the length of the transverse axis of the capacitor being changed, the elastic coefficient values of the different unit structures are basically consistent, and the abscissa corresponding to the intersection point of the elastic curve with k being 2.59N/m, k being 2.60N/m and k being 2.61N/m and the ampere force is larger than 0.3 mm.
Referring to fig. 6, the intrinsic mechanical frequency of the optical mechanical structure millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface unit is obtained by calculating the length and width of the cantilever arm corresponding to different elastic coefficients by deriving the corresponding cantilever arm size from the k value obtained in fig. 5, and finally the design of the cantilever arm corresponding to each unit structure is completed, where the sizes are 3mm by 0.5mm in length, the lengths of the transverse axes of different capacitors correspond to different intrinsic frequency values, the intrinsic mechanical resonance frequency is 301.84Hz when m is 0.63mm, the intrinsic mechanical resonance frequency is 300.05Hz when m is 0.69mm, the intrinsic mechanical resonance frequency is 299.82Hz when m is 0.72mm, the intrinsic mechanical resonance frequency is 298.1Hz when m is 0.8mm, and the above characteristic frequency values correspond to 2.61N/m, 2.6N/m, and 2.59N/m, respectively.
Referring to fig. 7, the layout and beam deflection effect diagram of the optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface element subarray of the present invention, for the 8-element subarray composed of 4 phases, the optical mechanical structure type reflected beam controllable super-surface of 4 × 4 element subarrays is arranged, the simulation result shows that when the applied power is changed, the optical mechanical super-surface finally realizes the deflection of the beam from 0 ° to 25 °, which is shown in fig. 7(a) and 7(b), the process is that, the result of the beam deflection of 25 ° is obtained through simulation, and is basically consistent with the theoretical calculated value of 23.96 °. As can be seen from fig. 7(b) and 7(c), the array realizing a certain deflection angle has a large degree of tolerance for the phase difference between the cells, and when the hair change interval is about 0.5mm, there is a phase difference for the same cell, and for the entire cell sub-array, the air gap is changed from 0.3mm to 0.35mm, and their phase difference also becomes not completely consistent with a constant 90 ° phase difference, but the final deflection effect has little influence.
Referring to fig. 8, the far-field radiation pattern of the optical-mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface Ey on the xoz plane realizes the deflection of the beam from 0 ° to 25 ° by periodically arranging 4 × 4 element sub-arrays shown in fig. 7.
Referring to fig. 9, the electric field path diagram of the optical-mechanical-structure reflection-type beam-controllable microwave super-surface of the present invention on the xoz plane realizes the beam deflection from 0 ° to 25 ° by periodically arranging 8 × 1 unit sub-arrays shown in fig. 7.
Referring to fig. 10, in the layout and beam deflection effect diagram of the optical mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface element sub-array of the present invention, phase points are selected from the curves of 0.2mm and h _ air in fig. 3(a) to form the element sub-array, the sizes of the cantilever arms in the element sub-array are designed to be the same, and the sizes of the cantilever arms are all 0.5mm by 3mm, although the lengths of the transverse axes of the element capacitors are different, each element in the element sub-array can be approximately equivalent to the same elastic coefficient, and the flexible medium can jump from the same ground state to the approximately same stable state. The super-surface is composed of unit sub-arrays with 6 unit structures, the lengths of the transverse shafts of capacitors corresponding to the unit sub-arrays are respectively designed to be 0.48mm, 0.57mm, 0.6mm, 0.61mm, 0.63mm and 0.7mm, the period of the unit sub-arrays on the super-surface is 19.2mm, the width of the unit sub-arrays is 9.8mm, the number of units in the unit sub-arrays is 6, and the super-surface is composed of the unit sub-arrays with the sizes in a periodic arrangement mode; for the 6-unit element subarray consisting of 6 phases, 5 × 5 optical mechanical structure type reflection beam controllable super-surface is arranged, simulation results show that when the applied power is changed, the optical mechanical super-surface finally realizes the deflection of the beam from 34 degrees to 0 degrees, the process is shown in fig. 10(a) and 10(b), and the simulation results show that the optical mechanical super-surface realizes the deflection of the beam at 34 degrees and is basically consistent with the theoretical calculated value of 31.947 degrees.
Referring to fig. 11, the far-field radiation pattern of the controllable meta-surface Ey of the optical-mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam on the xoz plane realizes the deflection of the beam from 34 ° to 0 ° by periodically arranging 4 × 4 element sub-arrays shown in fig. 10.
Referring to fig. 12, the electric field path diagram of the optical-mechanical millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super-surface of the present invention on the xoz plane realizes the deflection of the beam from 34 ° to 0 ° by the periodic arrangement of 8 × 1 unit sub-arrays shown in fig. 10.
In conclusion, the optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface is a nonlinear controllable super surface technology based on an electromagnetic energy-structure potential energy coupling mechanism, which is small in size, capable of being dynamically regulated and controlled in real time and simple in structure.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface is characterized by comprising a plurality of unit sub-arrays which are periodically arranged, wherein each unit sub-array comprises n super surface units with continuous gradient change of phase.
2. The optical-mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the super surface units is, from top to bottom: the ELC metal resonant ring, the flexible medium substrate and the metal back plate; the ELC metal resonant ring is prepared on the flexible medium substrate, and air is filled between the flexible medium substrate and the bottom metal back plate; the structure of the flexible medium substrate specifically comprises: the middle square part and the four cantilever beam arms are perpendicular to a capacitor transverse shaft of the ELC metal resonant ring, one end of each of the four cantilever beam arms is fixed on a support column of the metal back plate, and the other end of each of the four cantilever beam arms is connected with the middle square part into a whole.
3. The optical mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface according to claim 2, wherein the length of the transverse axis of the capacitor of each super surface unit is independently designed, and cantilever arms and air gaps of all units of the super surface are uniformly designed.
4. The optical-mechanical structured millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface according to claim 2, wherein a combination of a length of a transverse axis of a capacitor, a cantilever arm and an air gap of each super surface unit corresponds to an abrupt phase of a reflected electromagnetic wave.
5. The optical mechanical structure type millimeter wave reflected beam controllable super surface according to claim 2, wherein the phase arrangement corresponding to n super surface units in the unit sub-array satisfies generalized Snell's law.
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