CN114740569A - Three-waveguide structure and optical waveguide wave-splitting device - Google Patents

Three-waveguide structure and optical waveguide wave-splitting device Download PDF

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CN114740569A
CN114740569A CN202210507665.6A CN202210507665A CN114740569A CN 114740569 A CN114740569 A CN 114740569A CN 202210507665 A CN202210507665 A CN 202210507665A CN 114740569 A CN114740569 A CN 114740569A
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CN114740569B (en
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张新定
皮嘉威
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Qingyuan Tianzhiheng Quantum Technology Co ltd
South China Normal University Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co Ltd
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South China Normal University Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
    • G02B2006/12085—Integrated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133—Functions
    • G02B2006/1215—Splitter

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Abstract

The invention relates to a three-waveguide structure and an optical waveguide wave-splitting device. After the light beam enters the first waveguide, photon distribution is realized between the first waveguide and the third waveguide according to the assistance of the second waveguide; the transmission path of photons among the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide satisfies adiabatic shortcut. Therefore, the optical waveguide path with adiabatic shortcut improves the fidelity of the optical quantum state transition in the optical waveguide structure.

Description

Three-waveguide structure and optical waveguide wave-splitting device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical waveguides, in particular to a three-waveguide structure and an optical waveguide wave-splitting device.
Background
An optical waveguide (optical waveguide) is a structure capable of transmitting light, and the principle of the optical waveguide is that different layered optical medium structures are used to guide light to be transmitted in the waveguide, and various planar or three-dimensional structures can be formed. From the external configuration and function, optical waveguides can be divided into two broad categories: one type is an integrated optical waveguide, including a planar (thin film) dielectric optical waveguide and a strip dielectric optical waveguide, which are usually part of an optoelectronic integrated device and are called integrated optical waveguides; another type is a cylindrical optical waveguide, commonly referred to as an optical fiber.
The integrated optical waveguide structure has important application in the fields of optical communication, optical quantum information calculation and the like, namely a core device of the optical waveguide structure of the waveguide wave-splitting device, the function of the core device is to guide photons to be split between two or more waveguides according to a preset proportion, for example, the light of the waveguide A is equally divided into the waveguides A and B, and the function of the core device is equal to that of a beam splitter in free space. A typical wave-splitting device is based on a kinetic approach, i.e. two waveguides are brought close to each other, and the shape and spatial distribution of the waveguides are designed based on numerical calculations.
However, the conventional optical waveguide structure has a certain degree of distortion in the optical quantum state transition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a three-waveguide structure and an optical waveguide demultiplexer, which are not enough to cause a certain degree of distortion in the conventional optical waveguide structure during the optical quantum state transition.
A three waveguide structure comprising:
a first waveguide, a second waveguide and a third waveguide fabricated in adiabatic short-cut technology;
after the light beam enters the first waveguide, photon distribution is realized between the first waveguide and the third waveguide according to the assistance of the second waveguide; the transmission path of the photons among the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide satisfies adiabatic shortcut.
The three-waveguide structure comprises a first waveguide, a second waveguide and a third waveguide which are prepared by adiabatic shortcut technology. After the light beam enters the first waveguide, photon distribution is realized between the first waveguide and the third waveguide according to the assistance of the second waveguide; the transmission path of photons among the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide satisfies adiabatic shortcut. Therefore, the optical waveguide path with adiabatic shortcut improves the fidelity of the optical quantum state transition in the optical waveguide structure.
In one embodiment, the photons satisfy adiabatic shortcuts in the first, second, and third waveguides as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000021
wherein the column vector of the above equation is c(t)＝[cL(z),cc(z),cR(z)]TThe elements in the column vector are states | L>,|C>,|R>The amplitude of the electric field intensity in the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide; the ratio frequency omegaPAnd ΩsIs a time-dependent variable used to describe state | L>,|C>,|R>The coupling strength of (2).
In one embodiment, the ratio frequency ΩPAnd ΩsFor describing state | L>,|C>,|R>Are coupled to each other.
In one embodiment, the Ratio frequency ΩPBased on coupled pulses, the ratio frequency ΩsBased on the detuned pulse, the photon degenerates a process of the photon in the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide from a three-level system to an effective two-level system under the condition of single photon resonance, wherein the process comprises the following formula:
Figure BDA0003636671690000022
wherein, b12(t)The relationship between the probability magnitudes of the three levels is as follows:
cL(z)＝1-2|b1(z)|2
Figure BDA0003636671690000031
cR(z)＝1-2|b2(z)|2。
in one embodiment, the Hamiltonian in the adiabatic shortcut is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000032
wherein, omega'P(z)And omega's(z)Is modified pump light and stokes light, Ω'P(z)，Ω's(z)The relationship with the original pulse is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000033
Figure BDA0003636671690000034
in one embodiment, adjusting a between the first waveguide or the third waveguide and the second waveguide outside along the direction of propagationRAnd aLObtaining an ideal coupling function between waveguides, namely the Larrer frequency is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000035
Figure BDA0003636671690000036
wherein omega0And α are two constant parameters, Ω0Determines the fundamental strength of coupling between the waveguides, and α is the propagation coefficient of the waveguide mode.
In one embodiment, the second waveguide is configured as a straight line, and the first waveguide and the third waveguide satisfy the following equation:
Figure BDA0003636671690000037
Figure BDA0003636671690000041
wherein, aminRepresents the minimum distance between the second waveguide and the first and third waveguides, wherein the parameter aminAnd alpha is directly determined by the tuning behavior between the waveguides.
In one embodiment, R ═ 3.445m, amin＝9.1μm，L＝24mm，z0＝0.1L，a09.0 μm and Ω0＝1.789mm-1；
The corresponding coupling strengths have a gaussian form, as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000042
Figure BDA0003636671690000043
wherein, omega'0＝1.659mm-1And 2 σ is 5.25mm, the half width of the maximum value of the pulse.
In one embodiment, the stacked state is obtained by performing equal-splitting optical operation in the first waveguide and the third waveguide by adiabatic shortcut
Figure BDA0003636671690000044
The coupling coefficient takes the following values:
Figure BDA0003636671690000045
Figure BDA0003636671690000046
an optical waveguide wavelength-splitting device comprises the three-waveguide structure of any one of the above embodiments.
The optical waveguide wave-splitting device comprises a three-waveguide structure, wherein the three-waveguide structure comprises a first waveguide, a second waveguide and a third waveguide which are prepared by adiabatic shortcut technology. After the light beam enters the first waveguide, photon distribution is realized between the first waveguide and the third waveguide according to the assistance of the second waveguide; the transmission path of photons among the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide satisfies adiabatic shortcut. Therefore, the optical waveguide path with adiabatic shortcut improves the fidelity of the optical quantum state transition in the optical waveguide structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a three-waveguide structure energy level structure;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the pull-ratio frequency for achieving adiabatic shortcut;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the planar adjacent waveguide spatial orientation of a three-waveguide structure according to an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a variation trend of photon counts in a three-waveguide structure according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Meanwhile, the following described examples are only for explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a three-waveguide structure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy level structure of an embodiment of a three-waveguide structure, as shown in fig. 1, the three-waveguide structure of an embodiment is a first waveguide (L), a second waveguide (C) and a third waveguide (R) fabricated by adiabatic short-cut technique;
after the light beam enters the first waveguide, photon distribution is realized between the first waveguide and the third waveguide according to the assistance of the second waveguide; the transmission path of the photons among the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide satisfies adiabatic shortcut.
Wherein the second waveguide (C) acts as an intermediate waveguide structure for the first waveguide (L) and the third waveguide (R). The first waveguide (L) is a left L waveguide, the second waveguide (C) is a middle C waveguide, the third waveguide (R) is a right R waveguide, after light beams enter from the L, photons can be distributed between the L and the R according to a certain proportion as required, and the middle waveguide (C) only plays an auxiliary role in the process. Wherein, when photons are transmitted in the middle of the waveguide structure, quantum mechanical adiabatic shortcut is satisfied.
In one embodiment, the photons satisfy adiabatic shortcuts in the first, second and third waveguides as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000061
wherein the column vector of the above equation is c(t)＝[cL(z),cc(z),cR(z)]TThe elements in the column vector are states | L>,|C>,|R>The amplitude of the electric field intensity in the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide; the ratio frequency omegaPAnd ΩsIs a time-dependent variable used to describe state | L>,|C>,|R>The coupling strength of (2).
As shown in fig. 1, starting from the level structure of fig. 1, photons satisfy the following schrodinger form equation in the waveguide structure:
Figure BDA0003636671690000062
the column vector of the above equation is c(t)＝[cL(z),cc(z),cR(z)]TWherein the elements are respectively state | L>,|C>,|R>I.e. the amplitude of the electric field strength in the different waveguides. Two Ratio frequencies omegaPAnd ΩsIs a time-dependent variable used to describe | L>,|C>,|R>The coupling strength of (2).
In one embodiment, FIG. 2 is a graph of the pull-ratio frequency for adiabatic short-cut implementation, as shown in FIG. 2, the pull-ratio frequency ΩPAnd ΩsFor describing state | L>,|C>,|R>Are coupled to each other. Compared with the conventional adiabatic coupling, i.e. the STIRAP technology is used for regulating the coupling of photons in the waveguide, the STIRAP technology needs to be relatively very much due to the adiabatic processLong manipulation times, for photonic systems, require waveguide lengths long enough to meet adiabatic conditions, which can produce additional system decoherence and spontaneous emission, limiting their usefulness. The close-neighbor coupling is beneficial to breaking through the adiabatic limit, and is convenient for introducing an adiabatic shortcut into a three-waveguide structure.
In one embodiment, the ratio frequency ΩPBased on coupled pulses, the ratio frequency ΩsBased on the detuned pulse, the photon degenerates a process of the photon in the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide from a three-level system to an effective two-level system under the condition of single photon resonance, wherein the process comprises the following formula:
Figure BDA0003636671690000071
wherein, b12(t)The relationship between the probability magnitudes of the three levels is as follows:
cL(z)＝1-2|b1(z)|2
Figure BDA0003636671690000072
cR(z)＝1-2|b2(z)|2。
using detuned pulses omegasAnd coupled pulses omegapThe three-level system in the above equation is degenerated to an effective two-level system under single photon resonance:
Figure BDA0003636671690000073
wherein b is12(t)The link between the probability magnitudes of the three energy levels can be written as:
cL(z)＝1-2|b1(z)|2
Figure BDA0003636671690000074
cR(z)＝1-2|b2(z)|2
in one embodiment, the Hamiltonian in the adiabatic shortcut is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000075
wherein omega'P(z)And omega's(z)Is modified pump light and stokes light, Ω'P(z)，Ω's(z)The relationship with the original pulse is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000076
Figure BDA0003636671690000077
in order to achieve quantum manipulation of adiabatic shortcut based on the equation's hamiltonian, the hamiltonian is constrained to be modified as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000081
wherein omega'P(z)And omega's(z)Is modified pump light and stokes light, Ω'P(z)，Ω's(z)The relationship with the original pulse is as follows
Figure BDA0003636671690000082
Figure BDA0003636671690000083
Figure BDA0003636671690000084
The modified Hamiltonian can meet the requirement of adiabatic shortcut. Thus, by properly adjusting the effective coupling strength, an adiabatic shortcut based photon steering scheme can be achieved.
In one embodiment, adjusting a between the first or third waveguide and the second waveguide outside along the direction of propagation adjusts the first or third waveguide and the second waveguideRAnd aLObtaining an ideal coupling function between waveguides, namely the Larrer frequency is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000085
Figure BDA0003636671690000086
wherein omega0And α is two constant parameters, Ω0Determines the fundamental strength of coupling between the waveguides, and α is the propagation coefficient of the waveguide mode.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the planar neighboring waveguide spatial orientation of a three-waveguide structure according to an embodiment, such as that shown in FIG. 3, for any three-level system, the Hamilton required for adiabatic shortcut is achieved in the three-waveguide structure, and the idea is to slowly adjust the distance a between the outer waveguides (L and R) and the center waveguide (C) along the z-axis of the propagation modeRAnd aLThe ideal coupling function between the waveguides is obtained, i.e. the ratio frequency in the previous derivation:
Figure BDA0003636671690000091
Figure BDA0003636671690000092
in one embodiment, the second waveguide is configured as a straight line, and the first waveguide and the third waveguide satisfy the following equation:
Figure BDA0003636671690000093
Figure BDA0003636671690000094
wherein, aminRepresents the minimum distance between the second waveguide and the first and third waveguides, wherein the parameter aminAnd α is directly determined by the tuning behavior between the waveguides (L, C, R).
In one embodiment, R is 3.445m, amin＝9.1μm，L＝24mm，z0＝0.1L，a09.0 μm and Ω0＝1.789mm-1；
The corresponding coupling strengths have a gaussian form, as follows:
Figure BDA0003636671690000095
Figure BDA0003636671690000096
wherein, omega'0＝1.659mm-1And 2 σ is 5.25mm, the half width of the maximum value of the pulse.
In one embodiment, the stacked state is obtained by performing equal-splitting optical operation in the first waveguide and the third waveguide by adiabatic shortcut
Figure BDA0003636671690000097
The coupling coefficient takes the following values:
Figure BDA0003636671690000098
Figure BDA0003636671690000099
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a variation trend of photon counts in the three waveguide structure according to an embodiment, and as shown in fig. 4, it is shown that the three waveguide structure constructed based on the adiabatic short-cut technique may better implement high-fidelity photon state transition according to the completed corresponding numerical simulation and the corresponding simulation result.
The three-waveguide structure comprises a first waveguide, a second waveguide and a third waveguide which are prepared by adiabatic shortcut technology. After the light beam enters the first waveguide, photon distribution is realized between the first waveguide and the third waveguide according to the assistance of the second waveguide; the transmission path of photons among the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide satisfies adiabatic shortcut. Therefore, the fidelity of the optical quantum state transition in the optical waveguide structure is improved by the optical waveguide path with adiabatic shortcut.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an optical waveguide wave-splitting device.
An optical waveguide wavelength-splitting device comprises the three-waveguide structure of any one of the above embodiments.
Based on the structure, the optical waveguide wave splitter realizes the device based on the three-waveguide structure, and meets the corresponding product requirements.
The optical waveguide wave-splitting device comprises a three-waveguide structure, wherein the three-waveguide structure comprises a first waveguide, a second waveguide and a third waveguide which are prepared by adiabatic shortcut technology. After the light beam enters the first waveguide, photon distribution is realized between the first waveguide and the third waveguide according to the assistance of the second waveguide; the transmission path of photons among the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide satisfies adiabatic shortcut. Therefore, the optical waveguide path with adiabatic shortcut improves the fidelity of the optical quantum state transition in the optical waveguide structure.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A three waveguide structure, comprising:
a first waveguide, a second waveguide and a third waveguide fabricated in adiabatic short-cut technology;
after the light beam enters the first waveguide, photon distribution is realized between the first waveguide and the third waveguide according to the assistance of the second waveguide; the transmission path of the photons among the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide satisfies adiabatic shortcut.
2. The three waveguide structure of claim 1 wherein the photons satisfy adiabatic shortcuts in the first, second and third waveguides as follows:
Figure FDA0003636671680000011
wherein the column vector of the above equation is c(t)＝[cL(z),cc(z),cR(z)]TThe elements in the column vector are states | L>,|C>,|R>The amplitude of the electric field intensity in the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide; the ratio frequency omegaPAnd ΩsIs a time-dependent variable used to describe state | L>,|C>,|R>The coupling strength of (c).
3. The method of claim 2Is characterized in that the said ratio frequency omega isPAnd ΩsFor describing state | L>,|C>,|R>Are coupled to each other.
4. A three waveguide structure according to claim 3 wherein said pull ratio frequency ΩPBased on coupled pulses, the ratio frequency ΩsBased on the detuned pulse, the process of the photon in the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the third waveguide is degenerated from a three-energy-level system to an effective two-energy-level system under the condition of single photon resonance by the photon, and the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003636671680000012
wherein, b12(t)The relationship between the probability magnitudes of the three energy levels is as follows:
cL(z)＝1-2|b1(z)|2
Figure FDA0003636671680000021
cR(z)＝1-2|b2(z)|2。
5. the three waveguide structure of claim 4 wherein the Hamiltonian in the adiabatic shortcut is as follows:
Figure FDA0003636671680000022
wherein, omega'P(z)And omega's(z)Is modified pump light and stokes light, Ω'P(z)，Ω's(z)The relationship with the original pulse is as follows:
Figure FDA0003636671680000023
Figure FDA0003636671680000024
6. the three waveguide structure of claim 2 wherein a between the first waveguide or the third waveguide and the second waveguide outside along the propagation direction is adjustedRAnd aLObtaining an ideal coupling function between waveguides, namely the Larrer frequency is as follows:
Figure FDA0003636671680000025
Figure FDA0003636671680000026
wherein omega0And α is two constant parameters, Ω0Determines the fundamental strength of coupling between the waveguides, and α is the propagation coefficient of the waveguide mode.
7. The three waveguide structure according to claim 6, wherein the second waveguide is a straight-line structure, and the first waveguide and the third waveguide satisfy the following equation:
Figure FDA0003636671680000027
Figure FDA0003636671680000031
wherein, aminRepresents the minimum distance between the second waveguide and the first and third waveguides, wherein the parameter aminAnd alpha is directly guided by the waveguideThe adjustment behavior is determined.
8. A three waveguide structure according to claim 7 wherein R is 3.445m, amin＝9.1μm，L＝24mm，z0＝0.1L，a09.0 μm and Ω0＝1.789mm-1；
The corresponding coupling strengths have a gaussian form, as follows:
Figure FDA0003636671680000032
Figure FDA0003636671680000033
wherein, omega'0＝1.659mm-1And 2 σ is 5.25mm, which is the half width of the maximum value of the pulse.
9. The three waveguide structure of claim 8 wherein the stacking mode is achieved by performing equal splitting optical operations in the first waveguide and the third waveguide using adiabatic short-cuts
Figure FDA0003636671680000034
The coupling coefficient takes the following values:
Figure FDA0003636671680000035
Figure FDA0003636671680000036
10. an optical waveguide demultiplexing device comprising a three waveguide structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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CN113777705A (en) * 2021-08-04 2021-12-10 华中科技大学 Optical polarization mode asymmetric conversion method and device
CN113640914A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-12 中国科学院物理研究所 Integrated device for realizing directional routing and beam splitting and preparation method thereof

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