CN107167875A - Polarization converter, conversion method and Pauli X - Google Patents
Polarization converter, conversion method and Pauli X Download PDFInfo
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- CN107167875A CN107167875A CN201710445186.5A CN201710445186A CN107167875A CN 107167875 A CN107167875 A CN 107167875A CN 201710445186 A CN201710445186 A CN 201710445186A CN 107167875 A CN107167875 A CN 107167875A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/126—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of polarization converter, deflection method and Pauli X.Wherein polarization converter includes signal wave-guides, and for transmitting horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes signal, and signal wave-guides along the width on signal transmission direction vertical cross-section in continuity with changing；And assistant waveguide, it is arranged at intervals with signal wave-guides, the Regulate signal of polarization is tilted for transmitting, the signal polarization of transmission in signal wave-guides is deflected；Wherein, the spacing value between assistant waveguide and signal wave-guides is in continuity curvilinear motion along signal transmission direction.The polarization converter of the present invention, using the principle of the adiabatic passage of excited Raman, realizes the mutual conversion between horizontal polarization photon and vertical polarized photon in integrated light guide, meanwhile, the bandwidth of operation of device has reached tens nanometers, to the less demanding of machining accuracy.For the information process of polarization encoder, the device can be used as reversible Pauli X of unitary.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to integrated optics field, further to a kind of polarization converter, and polarization converting method, also relate to
And the Pauli (Pauli) X comprising the polarization converter.
Background technology
In the past, it has already been proposed many polarization converter designs, three classes can be probably classified as.
Most commonly make the cross section structure of waveguide asymmetric, then between horizontal polarization pattern and vertical polarization mode just
It can couple, so as to realize polarization conversion.Such as, the waveguide of triangle and " L " type, their device size can be with very little
(length is up to 2 μm), but the structural failure that its polarization conversion effect is caused to waveguide processing is very sensitive.Also have waveguide side
Tilt or with groove-shaped design, its conversion efficiency of such waveguide can be very high, also there is certain fault-tolerant to mismachining tolerance
Rate, still, this structure processing get up more complicated, and variable design parameter is also very limited.Even if by improving processing technology,
The circulator that loss is low, transformation efficiency is high is produced, device size is also all than larger.In a word, above-mentioned polarization converter is general
All over exist it is very high to requirement on machining accuracy, and bandwidth of operation it is narrow the problem of.
Also a class device, frequently relies on the evolution of pattern, by making the structure of waveguide slowly change, so that by photon
Polarization state slowly change.The bandwidth of operation of this device is very wide, is of great benefit to for the application for being related to pulse laser.But,
They are generally only effective to specific polarization, can only such as realize horizontal polarization to the conversion polarized vertically, and polarize to turn vertically
Horizontal polarization is changed to, such unidirectional conversion is not used to quantum information processing.
In addition, an also class deflects switching device by means of surface phasmon, because surface phasmon is to light
The polarization state of son has selectivity.This mixed type circulator can accomplish very little (such as several microns), and the absorption of unfortunate metal is led
Cause the loss ratio of device larger.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of polarization converter, conversion method and Pauli X, with least
Part solves problem described above.
(2) technical scheme
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of signal wave-guides, for transmitting horizontal polarization pattern or vertical polarization mould
Formula signal, and the signal wave-guides along the width on signal transmission direction vertical cross-section in continuity with changing；And auxiliary
Waveguide, is arranged at intervals with the signal wave-guides, and the Regulate signal of polarization is tilted for transmitting, and makes the signal of transmission in signal wave-guides
Polarization deflects；Wherein, the spacing value between the assistant waveguide and the signal wave-guides is in continuous along signal transmission direction
Linearity curve changes.
Further, the signal wave-guides along the width w on signal transmission direction vertical cross-section with meeting adiabatic change bar
Part：
|g|2＞ ＞ | d (Δ nk0)/dz|
Wherein, g is signal wave-guides and assistant waveguide stiffness of coupling；Δ n is refraction of the mode signal along signal transmission direction
Rate is poor, k0For propagation constant, z is the coordinate of signal propagation direction, and | d (Δ nk0)/dz|∞|dw/dz|。
Further, the continuous linearity curve is circular arc, parabola or hyperbola.
Further, vertical cross-section of the assistant waveguide along signal transmission direction has a unfilled corner.
Further, the effective refractive index of the horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes and the width are positive
Close.
Further, the coefficient of coup tilted between polarization and horizontal polarization and the spacing value are negative correlation；Or
The coefficient of coup and the spacing value tilted described in person between polarization and vertical polarization is negative correlation.
Further, signal wave-guides along the width w (z) on signal transmission direction vertical cross-section with meeting below equation：
W (z)=w0+δw(z-δz)/L
Wherein, L is length of the signal wave-guides along signal transmission direction, w0For width of the signal wave-guides at length half L/2
Degree, δ w are signal wave-guides input and the stand out of output end, and z is the coordinate of signal propagation direction；The origin of coordinates is set in letter
At the half of number waveguide length, δ z are the position offset of whole signal wave-guides in the propagation direction.
Further, the spacing value d (z) meets below equation：
D (z)=d0+z2/ R,
Wherein, R is the radius of curvature of continuous linearity curve, d0For signal wave-guides at signal wave-guides length half L/2 and auxiliary
Distance between waveguide, z is the coordinate of signal propagation direction.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of polarization converting method, including：
Transmit horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes signal；
Transmission tilts the Regulate signal of polarization, horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes signal polarization is deflected.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of Pauli X, including a kind of polarization conversion described in any of the above
Device, for the horizontal polarization photon conversion of input to be output as into vertical polarization photon or the vertical polarization photon of input is changed
Horizontal polarization photon is output as, unitary invertible operation is realized.
(3) beneficial effect
Compared with traditional polarization converter, polarization converter of the invention utilizes the principle of the adiabatic passage of excited Raman,
The three-lever system for making waveguide mode constitute develops along eigenstate, so that more than 99% polarization efficiency is realized, and
Due to being adiabatic Evolution Modes, so the transformation efficiency of device has the high tolerance of comparison for the mismachining tolerance of waveguide.
In addition, it is often more important that, it is inclined that incident H polarized photons can be changed into V by polarization converter of the invention
Shake, incident V polarized photons can also be changed into H polarizations, the transmission matrix of such a linear optical system can be writeThis exactly one unitary, reversible Pauli (Pauli) X, for following polarization encoder quantum information science very
It is important.
The highly efficient process that the photon polarization proposed by the present invention realized in waveguide is mutually converted, can be in integrated optics core
It is applied in piece.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the atom three-lever system schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the waveguide three-lever system schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are respectively that the order polarization of the embodiment of the present invention realizes the Δ n in the Hamiltonian of conversionV、ΔnHBecome
Change situation map, and gV、gHSituation of change figure；
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B be respectively polarization converter of the embodiment of the present invention by V to H patterns and by H to V model eigenstate
The evolution diagram of (" dark-state ")；
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are respectively the top view and sectional view of the waveguide modes of polarization converter of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 A are the Hamiltonian of the embodiment of the present invention and waveguiding structure parameter w dependence graph；
Fig. 6 B are the Hamiltonian of the embodiment of the present invention and waveguiding structure parameter d dependence graph；
Fig. 7 A under the different waveguide structural parameters δ w of the embodiment of the present invention, polarization efficiency and signal wave-guides length
Dependence graph；
Fig. 7 B under the different waveguide structural parameters R of the embodiment of the present invention, polarization efficiency and signal wave-guides length
Dependence graph；
Fig. 7 C are the different waveguide structural parameters d of the embodiment of the present invention0Under, polarization efficiency and signal wave-guides length
Dependence graph；
Fig. 7 D under the different waveguide structural parameters δ z of the embodiment of the present invention, polarization efficiency and signal wave-guides length
Dependence graph；
Fig. 8 A is under the different incident wavelengths of the embodiment of the present invention, polarization efficiency join with polarization converter waveguiding structure
Number δ w dependence graph；
Fig. 8 B is under the different incident wavelengths of the embodiment of the present invention, polarization efficiency join with polarization converter waveguiding structure
Number R dependence graph；
Fig. 8 C is under the different incident wavelengths of the embodiment of the present invention, polarization efficiency join with polarization converter waveguiding structure
Number d0Dependence graph；
Fig. 8 D is under the different incident wavelengths of the embodiment of the present invention, polarization efficiency join with polarization converter waveguiding structure
Number δ z dependence graph；
Fig. 9 for polarization converter of the embodiment of the present invention particular waveguide structural parameters under, polarization efficiency and incidence wave
Long dependence graph.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Continuity of the present invention, refers to the change non-hopping formula of relevant parameter, and " continuous in mathematical definition
Property " implication is consistent.
According to the basic conception of the present invention, it is intended to utilize the adiabatic channel concept of excited Raman in quantum optices, design collection
Into wave-guide polarization converter, the photon horizontally and vertically polarized is set mutually to be converted in transmitting procedure.Propose atomic system
In the adiabatic channel pattern of excited Raman be applied in Wave guide system, and on this basis, be designed to make polarization deflect
Hamiltonian.
Excited Raman thermal insulation passage is derived from the concept of atomic system.As shown in figure 1, for a Three-level Atom,
Can occur transition by eelctric dipole effect between energy level 2,3 between energy level 1,2, and there is no eelctric dipole work between energy level 1,3
With, it is impossible to occur i on population transfer.Assuming that i on population is all on energy level 1 under original state, then pass through and apply a time
On pulse train (first beat stokes light Ω s, then beat pump light Ω p), it is possible to i on population is transferred to energy level 3 completely.
For Wave guide system, coupled as shown in Fig. 2 being not present between horizontal H and vertical V polarization modes, it is impossible to occur energy
Amount is exchanged, can be with H polarization mode couplings if an inclined O pattern, also can be with V polarization mode couplings, then, by
The three-lever system that tri- waveguide modes of H, V, O are constituted is similar to three level atomic system above-mentioned.Assuming that when initial
Energy is with H polarized incidents, then the stiffness of coupling by adjusting between H and O, between V and O, just photon can be completely converted into V
Polarization.Similarly for the photon of V polarized incidents, H polarizations can be also converted it into.
For three-level Wave guide system, under interaction representation, its Hamiltonian matrix form can be write：
Wherein, Δ nV(H)=nV(H)-nO。nV、nH、nOIt is the effective refractive index of tri- eigen modes of V, H, O, g respectivelyV、gHPoint
Be not between V and O, the stiffness of coupling between H and O.
The system has three new eigenstates, is the linear superposition of tri- patterns of H, V, O, one of eigenstate and O
Pattern is unrelated, is referred to as " dark-state ", can be expressed as：
Wherein m is one and Δ nV、ΔnH、gV、gHRelevant coefficient.
A signal wave-guides can be used, it is supported H and V both of which, then with an assistant waveguide, it is supported O moulds
Formula.By the structure of modelled signal waveguide, Δ n can be controlledV、ΔnHChange, then pass through Regulate signal waveguide and assistant waveguide
The distance between, as shown in figure 3, g can be controlledV、gHChange, then, as shown in figure 4, m just can be adjusted between zero and one
Develop, so as to realize that photon polarization is mutually converted between horizontally and vertically.
The one side of the embodiment of the present invention is there is provided a kind of polarization converter, including signal wave-guides, and it is used to transmitting level inclined
Pattern of shaking or orthogonal polarization modes signal, and the signal wave-guides are with being in connect along the width on signal transmission direction vertical cross-section
Continuous property change (such as linear change)；And assistant waveguide, it is arranged at intervals with the signal wave-guides, it, which is used to transmit, tilts polarization
Regulate signal, the signal polarization of transmission in signal wave-guides is deflected, wherein, the assistant waveguide and the signal wave-guides
Between spacing value along signal transmission direction be in continuity curvilinear motion.
Using above-mentioned model, for example, a polarization converter is devised with silica-based waveguides (following referring to the drawings to the present invention
The explanation of embodiment is intended to explain the present general inventive concept of the present invention, and is not construed as one kind to the present invention
Limitation).
Fig. 5 A give the structure top view of polarization converter, and Fig. 5 B are the structural section figure of polarization converter.It can select
Take the rectangular cross-section (such as height 400nm, width w is in adiabatic change) on signal wave-guides (left side), and assistant waveguide (right side)
Section is the rectangle (such as height 400nm, width 410nm, unfilled corner size 250nm × 150nm) that there is a unfilled corner in corner, two
Distance between waveguide is d.
The signal wave-guides along the width on signal transmission direction vertical cross-section with meeting adiabatic change condition：
|g|2＞ ＞ | d (Δ nk0)/dz|
Wherein, g is signal wave-guides and assistant waveguide stiffness of coupling；Δ n is refraction of the mode signal along signal transmission direction
Rate is poor, k0For propagation constant, z is the coordinate of signal propagation direction, and | d (Δ nk0)/dz|∞|dw/dz|。
Wherein, d is in continuity curvilinear motion along signal transmission direction (i.e. z-axis direction).The continuity illustrated in Fig. 5 A is bent
Line is the circular arc line of radius of curvature R, but continuous linearity curve can also be other continuous linearity curves, such as parabola, hyperbola or
Person's logarithmic curve.
For signal wave-guides, as shown in Figure 6A, the effective refractive index n of two eigen modes of V, H that it is supportedV、nHWith ripple
The width w led is relevant, and horizontal polarization pattern H or orthogonal polarization modes V effective refractive index and width w are positive correlation.
As shown in Figure 6B, V and O patterns, the coefficient of coup g of H and O patternsV、gHThen depend on signal wave-guides and assistant waveguide
The distance between d, tilt polarization O and horizontal polarization H between coefficient of coup gHWith being negatively correlated apart from d；Or tilt polarization O
The coefficient of coup between vertical polarization V is with being negatively correlated apart from d.Regulate signal duct width is：
W (z)=w0+δw(z-δz)/L (1)
Wherein, L is length of the signal wave-guides along signal transmission direction, w0For width of the signal wave-guides at length half L/2
Degree, δ w are signal wave-guides input and the stand out of output end, and z is the coordinate of signal propagation direction；The origin of coordinates is set in letter
At the half of number waveguide length, δ z are the position offset of whole signal wave-guides in the propagation direction.
Two waveguide spacing are：
D (z)=d0+z2/R (2)
Wherein, R is the radius of curvature of continuous linearity curve, d0For signal wave-guides at signal wave-guides length half L/2 and auxiliary
Distance between waveguide, z is the coordinate of signal propagation direction.
Δ n in HamiltonianV、ΔnH、gV、gHAlso can correspondingly it change.Referring to Fig. 3 A- Fig. 3 B, and Fig. 4 A- Fig. 4 B,
For example as δ w=0.016 μm, d0=0.03 μm, δ z=4.5 μm, R=1502μm, L=150 μm when, system is in the Hamiltonian
Under effect, develop along " dark-state ", and Coefficient m changes between zero and one, just completes photon and is horizontally and vertically polarizing it
Between mutually convert.
The transformation efficiency of such polarization converter can be by solving Hamiltonian evolution obtain.Wave guide system is drilled
Schrodinger equation is deferred in change, and the effect that then Hamiltonian is applied to system from 0 at z is expressed asWherein
Matrix element | T13|2、|T31|2Just it is the efficiency eta that H is polarized to represent V polarizationsV→H, H polarizations be V polarize efficiency
ηH→V。
Define device efficacy parameter beSo Error and the structural parameters of waveguide
It is as shown in Figure 7 A Error under different waveguide structural parameters δ w and length is relevant, the dependence with signal wave-guides length is closed
System, wherein d0=0.03 μm, δ z=4.5 μm, R=1502μm.As shown in Figure 7 B for Error under different waveguide structural parameters R,
With the dependence of signal wave-guides length, wherein δ w=0.016 μm, d0=0.03 μm, δ z=4.5 μm.If Fig. 7 C are that Error exists
Different waveguide structural parameters d0Under, the dependence with signal wave-guides length, wherein δ w=0.016 μm, δ z=4.5 μm, R=
1502μm.As shown for Error under different waveguide structural parameters δ z, the dependence with signal wave-guides length, wherein δ w
=0.016 μm, d0=0.03 μm, R=1502μm。
It is as shown in Figure 8 A Error under different incident wavelengths, is closed with polarization converter waveguiding structure parameter δ w dependence
System, wherein d0=0.03 μm, δ z=4.5 μm, R=1502μm, L=150 μm.As shown in Figure 8 B for Error in different incident wavelengths
Under, the dependence with polarization converter waveguiding structure parameter R, wherein δ w=0.016 μm, d0=0.03 μm, δ z=4.5 μm, L
=150 μm.As shown in Figure 8 C for Error under different incident wavelengths, with polarization converter waveguiding structure parameter d0Dependence close
System, wherein δ w=0.016 μm, δ z=4.5 μm, R=1502μm, L=150 μm.As in fig. 8d for Error in different incidence waves
Under length, the dependence with polarization converter waveguiding structure parameter δ z, wherein δ w=0.016 μm, d0=0.03 μm, R=1502μ
M, L=150 μm of
It is illustrated in figure 9 for specific waveguiding structure, the dependence graph of polarization efficiency and incident wavelength.Can be with
See, the bandwidth of operation of the device is up to 30nm (about in 1535nm-1565nm is interval).
Another aspect according to embodiments of the present invention there is provided a kind of polarization converting method, including：
Transmit horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes signal；
Transmission tilts the Regulate signal of polarization, horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes signal polarization is deflected.
Another further aspect according to embodiments of the present invention includes the polarization conversion of preceding claim there is provided a kind of Pauli X
Device, for the horizontal polarization photon conversion of input to be output as into vertical polarization photon or the vertical polarization photon of input is changed
Horizontal polarization photon is output as, unitary invertible operation is realized.
The polarization conversion inspired by a kind of adiabatic channel concept of excited Raman by quantum optices proposed by the present invention
Device, polarization efficiency is improved to more than 99%, and transformation efficiency is insensitive to mismachining tolerance, incident wavelength etc..This
The polarization converter of sample, is hopeful substitution existing polarization converter design at present, can be used for the Integrated Light with polarization encoder
Learn chip in, carry out bit operating, especially, due to the operation be unitary, it is reversible, can be completely used at quantum information
Reason.
Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out further in detail to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention specific embodiment, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of polarization converter, it is characterised in that including：
Signal wave-guides, for transmitting horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes signal, and the signal wave-guides with along signal
Width on transmission direction vertical cross-section changes in continuity；And
Assistant waveguide, is arranged at intervals with the signal wave-guides, and the Regulate signal of polarization is tilted for transmitting, and makes biography in signal wave-guides
Defeated signal polarization deflects；
Wherein, the spacing value between the assistant waveguide and the signal wave-guides becomes along signal transmission direction in continuous linearity curve
Change.
2. polarization converter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the signal wave-guides along signal transmission direction with hanging down
Width w on straightforward face meets adiabatic change condition：
|g|2＞ ＞ | d (Δ nk0)/dz|
Wherein, g is signal wave-guides and assistant waveguide stiffness of coupling；Δ n is refringence of the mode signal along signal transmission direction,
k0For propagation constant, z is the coordinate of signal propagation direction, and | d (Δ nk0)/dz|∞|dw/dz|。
3. polarization converter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the continuous linearity curve be circular arc, parabola or
Person's hyperbola.
4. polarization converter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the assistant waveguide hangs down along signal transmission direction
Straightforward face has a unfilled corner.
5. polarization converter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes
Effective refractive index and the width be positive correlation.
6. polarization converter according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the coupling between the inclination polarization and horizontal polarization
Syzygy number is negative correlation with the spacing value；Or the coefficient of coup tilted between polarization and vertical polarization and the interval
It is worth for negative correlation.
7. polarization converter according to claim 2, it is characterised in that signal wave-guides are vertical with along signal transmission direction
Width w (z) on section meets below equation：
W (z)=w0+δw(z-δz)/L
Wherein, L is length of the signal wave-guides along signal transmission direction, w0For width of the signal wave-guides at length half L/2, δ w
For signal wave-guides input and the stand out of output end, z is the coordinate of signal propagation direction；The origin of coordinates is set in signal wave-guides
At the half of length, δ z are the position offset of whole signal wave-guides in the propagation direction.
8. polarization converter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the spacing value d (z) meets below equation：
D (z)=d0+z2/ R,
Wherein, R is the radius of curvature of continuous linearity curve, d0For at signal wave-guides length half L/2 between signal wave-guides and assistant waveguide
Distance, z be signal propagation direction coordinate.
9. a kind of polarization converting method, it is characterised in that including：
Transmit horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes signal；
Transmission tilts the Regulate signal of polarization, horizontal polarization pattern or orthogonal polarization modes signal polarization is deflected.
10. a kind of Pauli X, it is characterised in that including any described polarization converters of claim 1-8, for by input
The conversion of horizontal polarization photon is output as vertical polarization photon or the vertical polarization photon conversion of input is output as into horizontal polarization
Photon, realizes unitary invertible operation.
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| CN201710445186.5A CN107167875A (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2017-06-13 | Polarization converter, conversion method and Pauli X |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109581589A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-05 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of single photon polarization method |
| CN114740569A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-12 | 华南师大(清远)科技创新研究院有限公司 | Three-waveguide structure and optical waveguide wave-splitting device |
-
2017
- 2017-06-13 CN CN201710445186.5A patent/CN107167875A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| XIAO XIONG等: "Integrated polarization rotator/converter by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage", 《OPTICS EXPRESS》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109581589A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-05 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of single photon polarization method |
| CN114740569A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-12 | 华南师大(清远)科技创新研究院有限公司 | Three-waveguide structure and optical waveguide wave-splitting device |
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Application publication date: 20170915 |