CN114739854B - Method for detecting steel slag mixing amount in steel slag stabilized loess - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the mixing amount of steel slag in steel slag stabilized loess, which relates to the technical field of road engineering and comprises the following steps: step one, preprocessing a steel slag raw material to obtain steel slag with a required grain size; step two, determining the optimal water content and the lowest designed steel slag doping amount; thirdly, measuring steel slag, water and loess according to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount and the optimal water content corresponding to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount, and mixing the steel slag, the water and the loess to obtain a mixture; step four, drying the uniformly mixed mixture, testing the drying quality and calculating the water content, washing the dried mixture, drying and weighing the washed steel slag to obtain a steel slag mixing amount initial value, and correcting the steel slag mixing amount initial value to obtain a steel slag mixing amount actual value. According to the invention, the steel slag is separated from loess by a water washing method, so that the steel slag mixing amount is obtained through calculation, and the method is convenient, effective, high in practicality and easy to popularize and use in engineering practice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road engineering, in particular to a method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in steel slag stabilized loess.
Background
The highway subgrade construction in loess areas faces the problem of collapsibility, and the conventional method adopts cement or lime to stabilize loess for roadbed construction. To promote the application of bulk solid wastes and reduce the CO discharged from cement production 2 Based on the analysis that the steel slag fine aggregate has gelation property, the steel slag fine aggregate with the diameter of less than 3mm is adopted to replace cement, lime and other stable loess roadbed, and the large-scale application is carried out at present. In the application process, the problem of steel slag mixing amount detection exists, the content of cement and lime is detected by adopting a titration method in the traditional method, however, most of particles are contained in the steel slag below 3mm, and the titration detection cannot be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the mixing amount of steel slag in stable loess of steel slag, which solves the problems in the prior art, and the steel slag is separated from loess by a water washing method, so that the mixing amount of steel slag is calculated, and the method is convenient, effective, strong in practicability, convenient to operate and easy to popularize and use in engineering practice.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a method for detecting the mixing amount of steel slag in steel slag stabilized loess, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preprocessing a steel slag raw material to obtain steel slag with a required grain size;
step two, determining the optimal water content and the lowest designed steel slag doping amount;
thirdly, measuring steel slag, water and loess according to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount and the optimal water content corresponding to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount, and mixing the steel slag, the water and the loess to obtain a mixture;
step four, drying the uniformly mixed mixture, testing the drying quality and calculating the water content, washing the dried mixture with water, drying and weighing the washed steel slag to obtain the initial value of the steel slag mixing amount,
fifthly, correcting the initial value of the steel slag doping amount to obtain the actual value of the steel slag doping amount.
Preferably, in the second step, different steel slag mixing amounts are designed, steel slag of each steel slag mixing amount is mixed with loess under different water content conditions to form stable loess mixture, experiments are carried out on the loess mixture of each steel slag mixing amount to obtain the optimal water content and the maximum dry density of the loess mixture of different steel slag mixing amounts, the loess mixture of different steel slag mixing amounts is respectively manufactured into test pieces under the optimal water content and the maximum dry density conditions, and the test is carried out on each test piece to determine the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount.
Preferably, loess mixtures with different steel slag doping amounts are respectively manufactured into cylindrical test pieces under the conditions of optimal water content and maximum dry density, after the test pieces are subjected to health maintenance for 7 days under standard culture conditions, the test pieces are tested for unconfined compressive strength and soaking strength loss rate, and the lowest designed steel slag doping amount is determined according to unconfined compressive strength not less than 0.5MPa and soaking strength loss not more than 50%.
Preferably, in the third step, when the steel slag, the water and the loess are mixed to obtain the loess material, the loess material is subjected to the choke plug, the steel slag is mixed with the loess material after the choke plug, and the mixture is obtained.
Preferably, in the fourth step, before the uniform mixture is dried, the mixture needs to be sampled to determine whether the mixture is uniform, and if the mixture is not uniform, the mixture is mixed until the mixture is uniform.
Preferably, when the mixture is sampled, the samples are respectively sampled in the plane direction and the depth direction, the samples are sampled at intervals along the extending direction of the road in the S shape, and the samples are sampled at intervals from top to bottom in the depth range of the sampling points in the plane direction in the depth direction.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the initial value of the steel slag mixing amount is X 1 ，X 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m is 1 The steel slag is the dry mass of the steel slag after water washing; m is m 2 The loess is dry mass.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the steel slag and loess with corresponding mass are respectively weighed according to the lowest designed steel slag doping amount, symmetrically-weighed steel slag and loess are respectively washed, the washing steel slag loss rate and the washing loess sediment rate are determined, and the corrected steel slag doping amount actual value X is obtained 2 The following are provided:
wherein m is 1 The steel slag is the dry mass of the steel slag after water washing; m is m 2 The loess is the dry mass; beta 1 Loss rate (%) of the steel slag for washing; beta 2 The sediment rate (%) of the loess is water-washed.
Preferably, the steel slag with the mass of m is weighed according to the minimum design steel slag mixing amount, and is washed with water, and the loss rate beta of the washed steel slag is calculated 1 The following are provided:
wherein m is 3 The dry mass of the steel slag is obtained after the steel slag with the mass m is washed with water.
Preferably, the loess with the mass of n is weighed according to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount, the loess with the mass of n is washed, and the sediment rate beta of the washed loess is increased 2 The following are provided:
wherein m is 4 The dry mass of the deposited gravel soil obtained after washing loess with water having a mass n.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention adopts a water washing method to detect the mixing amount of steel slag, and the principle of the method is that the density of the steel slag is far greater than the density of loess and water, and the loess is soluble in water and the steel slag is insoluble in water. The steel slag modified loess mixture is washed for a plurality of times, the steel slag is sunk at the bottom, loess and water are fused and float at the upper part, so that the steel slag and the loess are separated, and the mixing amount of the steel slag can be calculated after the steel slag is dried. The invention can judge the mixing amount and mixing uniformity of the steel slag for mixing the stabilized soil on site.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water-washable steel slag of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the sampling of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the steel slag doping amount and the water stability, wherein the steel slag doping amount is shown on the abscissa, the unconfined compressive strength (MPa) is shown on the left side of the ordinate, and the loss rate (%) of the immersed strength is shown on the right side of the ordinate;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the parallel detection variability and error range of the steel slag doping amount, wherein the abscissa is the number of parallel detection samples, and the ordinate is the steel slag doping amount (%);
wherein: 1-water, 2-mixture, 3-steel slag and 4-container.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the mixing amount of steel slag in stable loess of steel slag, which solves the problems in the prior art, and the steel slag is separated from loess by a water washing method, so that the mixing amount of steel slag is calculated, and the method is convenient, effective, strong in practicability, convenient to operate and easy to popularize and use in engineering practice.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
The embodiment provides a method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in steel slag stabilized loess, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preprocessing a steel slag raw material to obtain steel slag with a required grain size;
in the embodiment, wine steel slag is selected as a steel slag raw material, the steel slag raw material is subjected to primary jaw crushing and secondary hammer crushing, the steel slag is crushed and screened to obtain steel slag fine aggregate with the size of less than 3mm, the concrete size of the steel slag fine aggregate for improving loess is determined to be 2.36mm through vibration screening, and the sieve pore passing rate is 100%, so that the steel slag fine aggregate has gelatinization property and can be used for replacing cement, lime and the like to be used for stabilizing highway beds in loess areas;
step two, determining the optimal water content and the lowest designed steel slag doping amount;
in the second embodiment, five different steel slag doping amounts are designed, wherein the steel slag doping amounts are respectively 10%, 13%, 15%, 17% and 20%, the steel slag of each steel slag doping amount is respectively mixed with loess under the condition of different water contents (the water contents are respectively 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16%, the water contents are selected according to the rule of compaction test T0131 of soil of Highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG E40)), so as to form a stable loess mixture, and then the loess mixture with different steel slag doping amounts is subjected to experiments according to the heavy compaction test (T0131) of Highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430) after earth is closed for one day and night, so that the optimal water contents and the maximum dry densities of the loess mixture with different steel slag doping amounts are obtained, as shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 maximum dry Density and optimal Water content of modified loess with different amounts of slag
In the embodiment, the loess mixtures with different steel slag doping amounts are respectively prepared into cylindrical test pieces with the diameter and the height of 50mm under the conditions of optimal water content and maximum dry density, after the test pieces are subjected to health maintenance for 7 days under standard culture conditions (humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent and temperature is 23+/-2 ℃), the test pieces are tested for unconfined compressive strength and soaking strength loss rate, and the lowest design steel slag doping amount is 15 percent according to unconfined compressive strength not less than 0.5MPa and soaking strength loss not more than 50 percent (according to loess regional highway subgrade design Specification (DB 62/T2991)), and the result is shown in figure 3;
thirdly, measuring steel slag, water and loess according to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount and the optimal water content corresponding to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount, and mixing the steel slag, the water and the loess to obtain a mixture;
in the third embodiment, when mixing steel slag, water and loess, firstly weighing 200g of dry loess, mixing water and loess with corresponding mass according to the optimal water content of 11.4% to obtain a loess material, wrapping the loess material by adopting a plastic film after mixing, and putting the loess material in an environment with humidity of more than 50% and temperature of room temperature for smoldering for at least 24 hours, specifically in an environment with humidity of more than or equal to 95% and temperature of 23+/-2 ℃, after the smoldering is completed, mixing 30g of steel slag with 15% according to the loess material after the smoldering is externally mixed, and manually or mechanically turning to make the loess material uniform to obtain a mixture;
step four, before the uniformly mixed mixture is dried, sampling the mixture is needed to determine whether the mixture is uniform, and if the mixture is not uniform, mixing the mixture until the mixture is uniform;
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, when the mixture is sampled, the samples are respectively sampled in the plane direction and the depth direction, the samples are sampled along the extending direction of the road at intervals of 50m in the S shape, the samples are sampled from top to bottom in the depth range of the sampling points in the plane direction in the depth direction, that is, the samples are sampled up, down and middle in the depth direction, each time the samples are not less than 500g, the samples 500g are representative for sampling, the field samples must be expanded in range and quality, a small amount of samples can be taken for detection after the samples are mixed in a laboratory, the mixing uniformity of the mixture can be judged from the three-dimensional angle by adopting the sampling method, the sampled mixture is manually turned over, and 230g of samples are used for the detection of the subsequent step on the basis; in the embodiment, the indoor test, mixing, sampling, detection and verification are adopted, namely 230g of mixed stabilized soil is directly sampled and detected; too much sampling is easy to increase errors, too little sampling is not representative, and the test shows that the data is stable and has small variability when the sampling is about 230 g;
drying the obtained sample (230 g) to constant weight by adopting an alcohol combustion method or an oven (105-110 ℃) to remove the influence of moisture, testing the drying quality and calculating the moisture content because the mixing amount of the steel slag is the ratio of the dry mass of the steel slag to the loess mass, as shown in figure 1, washing the dried mixture with water, selecting a container with the depth not less than 15cm, reducing the steel slag loss rate when washing the steel slag and the loess mixture, because the container with the too small depth can easily take away part of steel slag powder when pouring the loess solution at the upper layer, influencing the detection accuracy of the steel slag mixing amount, and the water flow is not too large, avoiding the splashing of steel slag particles, simultaneously stirring by adopting a stirring rod in the washing process to accelerate the fusion of the loess and the water, standing for 30 seconds after stirring, slowly pouring the loess mixture with the dissolved upper part, repeatedly washing until the upper floating liquid is clear and visible steel slag at the bottom of the container, drying the steel slag or rapidly drying the steel slag on site by adopting alcohol, and calculating to obtain the initial value of the mixing amount of the steel slag, wherein the initial value of the steel slag mixing amount is X 1 (％)，X 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m is 1 The steel slag is the dry mass of the steel slag after water washing; m is m 2 Dry loess mass, m 1 And m 2 The units of (a) are g;
the initial values of the steel slag mixing amount are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 initial value of slag mixing amount measured by water washing method
Step five, as the steel slag contains soil and the like, the steel slag doping amount is reduced after water washing, so that the influence factors are needed to be considered; the loess is mixed with gravel, the gravel is mixed with steel slag after washing to increase the mixing amount of the steel slag, and the mixing of the loess with the steel slag after washing also causes errors on the mixing amount of the steel slag, so that the factors also need to be considered;
in the embodiment, in the fifth step, steel slag and loess with corresponding quality are respectively weighed according to the lowest designed steel slag doping amount, symmetrically-weighed steel slag and loess are respectively washed, and the loss rate of the washed steel slag and the sediment rate of the washed loess are determined;
in this example, beta is being performed 1 And beta 2 In the calculation of (2), 30g of steel slag and 200g of loess are respectively weighed according to the mixing amount of 15 percent, the steel slag and the loess are independently washed, and at least 5 groups of tests are parallel to each other to obtain an average value; specifically, the steel slag with the mass of m (30 g) is weighed according to the minimum design steel slag mixing amount, and is washed with water, and the loss rate beta of the washed steel slag is calculated 1 The following are provided:
wherein m is 3 The dry mass of the steel slag obtained after the water washing of the steel slag with the mass of m is m and m 3 The units of (a) are g;
loss rate beta of water-washed steel slag 1 As shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 loss rate of steel slag washed with water
In this example, loess with a mass of n (200 g) was weighed according to the minimum designed steel slag blending amount, and the loess with a mass of n was washed with water to obtain a loess sediment rate β 2 The following are provided:
wherein m is 4 Is the dry mass of the deposited gravel soil obtained after loess water washing with the mass of n, n and m 4 The units of (a) are g;
washing loess sediment rate beta 2 As shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 washing loess sediment Rate
Beta when the steel slag batch changes 1 Recalibration is required; beta when loess changes 2 Recalibration is required;
thereby obtaining the corrected actual value X of the steel slag doping amount 2 (%) as follows:
wherein m is 1 The steel slag is the dry mass of the steel slag after water washing; m is m 2 Dry loess mass, m 1 And m 2 The units of (a) are g; beta 1 Loss rate (%) of the steel slag for washing; beta 2 The sediment rate (%) of the loess is water-washed.
The calculated loss rate beta of the water-washing steel slag 1 3.26%, water washing loess sediment rate beta 2 1.09%. The variation coefficient of the results obtained by the parallel 5 groups of tests is not more than10%, for example, greater than 10%, of the outliers need to be removed for retesting. The initial value of the steel slag mixing amount is corrected according to the correction coefficient, and the result is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 actual values of the modified slag contents
After correction, the actual steel slag mixing amount is 14.5%, the steel slag mixing amount is only 0.5% different from the lowest design steel slag mixing amount, and the error of 0.5% is related to the uncertainty factor of loess and steel slag, for example, the dust content of the steel slag and the loess sediment quality are different each time the steel slag is sampled, so that a certain error can be caused. However, the verification shows that the maximum error is 0.6%, the minimum error is 0.4%, the average value is 0.5%, and the error is small and can be ignored. In addition, the existence of the error is beneficial to the effect of the actual on-site steel slag soil improvement, because the actual steel slag doping amount is 0.5% larger than the lowest design steel slag doping amount, and because the error is negative, when the steel slag doping amount is detected to be the lowest design steel slag doping amount by the method, the actual steel slag doping amount is larger than the lowest design steel slag doping amount. Fig. 4 shows the steel slag doping amount obtained in parallel 5 groups of experiments, and the variation coefficient is only 0.41%. The steel slag mixing amount detection method of the embodiment is proved to be feasible.
The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess of the embodiment separates the steel slag and the loess by a water washing method, thereby calculating the steel slag mixing amount. By the method, whether the steel slag mixing amount is enough in the actual construction process can be judged, and meanwhile, the mixing uniformity can be judged, so that the spreading parameters of the spreading car and the mixing parameters of the mixer can be adjusted. If the plant mixing method is adopted for construction, parameters of the mixing station can be calibrated through the method. The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess is used as a key control means for the construction quality of the steel slag stabilized loess. The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess is convenient to operate, simple in working procedure, easy to accept, accurate in detection result and beneficial to construction quality control.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in this specification with reference to specific examples, the description of which is only for the purpose of aiding in understanding the method of the present invention and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting the mixing amount of steel slag in steel slag stabilized loess is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, preprocessing a steel slag raw material to obtain steel slag with a required grain size;
step two, determining the optimal water content and the lowest designed steel slag doping amount;
thirdly, measuring steel slag, water and loess according to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount and the optimal water content corresponding to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount, and mixing the steel slag, the water and the loess to obtain a mixture;
step four, drying the uniformly mixed mixture, testing the drying quality and calculating the water content, washing the dried mixture with water, drying and weighing the washed steel slag to obtain the initial value of the steel slag mixing amount,
fifthly, correcting the initial value of the steel slag doping amount to obtain the actual value of the steel slag doping amount;
in the fifth step, the steel slag and loess with corresponding quality are respectively weighed according to the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount, symmetrically-weighed steel slag and loess are respectively washed, the washing steel slag loss rate and the washing loess sediment rate are determined, and the corrected steel slag mixing amount actual value X is obtained 2 The following are provided:
wherein m is 1 The steel slag is the dry mass of the steel slag after water washing; m is m 2 The loess is the dry mass; beta 1 Loss rate (%) of the steel slag for washing; beta 2 The sediment rate (%) of the loess is water washing;
weighing steel slag with the mass of m according to the minimum design steel slag doping amount, washing the steel slag with the mass of m, and washing the steel slag with the loss rate beta of the steel slag 1 The following are provided:
wherein m is 3 The dry mass of the steel slag is obtained after the steel slag with the mass m is washed with water;
weighing loess with the mass of n according to the minimum designed steel slag doping amount, washing the loess with the mass of n with water,
washing loess sediment rate beta 2 The following are provided:
wherein m is 4 The dry mass of the deposited gravel soil obtained after washing loess with water having a mass n.
2. The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the second step, different steel slag mixing amounts are designed, steel slag of each steel slag mixing amount is mixed with loess under different water content conditions to form stable loess mixture, experiments are carried out on the loess mixture of each steel slag mixing amount to obtain the optimal water content and the maximum dry density of the loess mixture of different steel slag mixing amounts, the loess mixture of different steel slag mixing amounts is respectively manufactured into test pieces under the optimal water content and the maximum dry density conditions, and the test is carried out on each test piece to determine the lowest designed steel slag mixing amount.
3. The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the steps of: loess mixtures with different steel slag doping amounts are respectively manufactured into cylindrical test pieces under the conditions of optimal water content and maximum dry density, after the test pieces are subjected to health maintenance for 7 days under standard culture conditions, the test pieces are tested for unconfined compressive strength and soaking strength loss rate, and the lowest designed steel slag doping amount is determined according to unconfined compressive strength not less than 0.5MPa and soaking strength loss not more than 50%.
4. The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the third step, when the steel slag, the water and the loess are mixed, firstly, the water and the loess are mixed to obtain a loess material, the loess material is subjected to smoldering, the steel slag is mixed with the smoldering loess material, and the mixture is obtained.
5. The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the fourth step, before the uniform mixture is dried, the mixture needs to be sampled to determine whether the mixture is uniform, and if the mixture is not uniform, the mixture is mixed until the mixture is uniform.
6. The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: when the mixture is sampled, the mixture is sampled in the plane direction and the depth direction respectively, the mixture is sampled along the extending direction of the road at S-shaped intervals in the plane direction, and the mixture is sampled from top to bottom at intervals in the depth range of the sampling points in the plane direction in the depth direction.
7. The method for detecting the steel slag mixing amount in the steel slag stabilized loess according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the fourth step, the initial value of the steel slag mixing amount is X 1 ，X 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m is 1 The steel slag is the dry mass of the steel slag after water washing; m is m 2 The loess is dry mass.
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