CN114739839A - Test equipment for impact test and use method thereof - Google Patents
Test equipment for impact test and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114739839A CN114739839A CN202210647448.7A CN202210647448A CN114739839A CN 114739839 A CN114739839 A CN 114739839A CN 202210647448 A CN202210647448 A CN 202210647448A CN 114739839 A CN114739839 A CN 114739839A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0035—Spring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0039—Hammer or pendulum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of impact tests, and particularly relates to a test device for an impact test and a using method of the test device. The test apparatus includes: the synchronous belt pulley is driven by a synchronous belt, and the synchronous belt is driven by a servo motor and a speed reducer; the hammer body is arranged below the screw rod pair and is connected to the guide polish rod in a sliding manner; the movable cross beam is positioned above the hammer body, two ends of the movable cross beam are respectively fixedly arranged on the lead screw pair and are respectively sleeved on the transmission lead screw and the guide polished rod in a sliding manner; and the grabbing and releasing hammer device is arranged on the movable beam and is used for grabbing and releasing the releasing hammer. The using method comprises the following steps: grabbing the hammer body; lifting the hammer body; releasing the hammer body; the test was repeated several times and the conclusion was drawn. By utilizing the test equipment, the loss such as friction can be overcome, and the actual impact energy borne by the test block can be accurately simulated or restored, so that the test is more accurate and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of impact tests, and particularly relates to test equipment for an impact test.
The invention also relates to a use method of the test equipment for the impact test.
Background
The drop weight impact test is a common method for simulating collision at present, the drop weight impact test is to drop a heavy hammer onto a test sample (a sheet, a film or a product) from different heights, the relation between the drop height and the damage rate of the test sample is obtained, and the specific impact energy is calculated based on a gravitational potential energy formula Ep = mgh.
Utility model with the bulletin number of CN210513970U discloses a drop hammer impact test device, include: the lifting mechanism comprises a motor, a screw rod and a synchronous belt wheel which is arranged between the motor and the screw rod in a linkage manner, and the screw rod extends downwards; the cross beam is meshed with the screw rod; the hammer body is detachably connected to the cross beam; an energy storage mechanism comprising a spring disposed above the hammer body; the unhooking mechanism comprises a claw rotatably arranged with the cross beam, a hook arranged on the hammer body and an air cylinder used for driving the claw to rotate, and at least a combination state and a separation state are formed between the claw and the hook. The utility model discloses a though can increase the initial impact energy of hammer block through energy storage mechanism, but do not consider at hammer block whereabouts in-process frictional force and air resistance to hammer block impact velocity and the influence of energy, lead to the actual impact energy that can not accurately simulate and restore and receive the sample part and receive, influence experimental accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test device for an impact test, which can make a test result accurate, in order to reduce the influence of friction and air resistance on a hammer body in the falling process, and comprises:
the pair of transmission screw rods extend vertically side by side and are rotatably arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the top plate is erected on the bottom plate through a stand column;
one transmission screw is sleeved on one of the pair of screw pairs and can move up and down through the rotation of the transmission screw;
the pair of guide polished rods are arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, vertically extend side by side with the transmission screw rods and are positioned between the pair of transmission screw rods;
the hammer body is positioned below the screw rod pair, is connected to the guide polished rods in a sliding manner and is positioned between the two guide polished rods, a hammer head is arranged below the hammer body through a split type detachable structure, a bolt is upwards extended from the upper end of the hammer body and is used for grabbing and releasing the hammer body, and a light shielding sheet is further arranged on the hammer head;
the movable cross beam is positioned above the hammer body, two ends of the movable cross beam are respectively fixedly arranged on the pair of screw rod pairs and are respectively sleeved on the pair of transmission screw rods and the pair of guide polished rods in a sliding manner;
the upper end of the transmission screw rod is coaxially provided with a synchronous belt wheel, the synchronous belt wheel is driven by a synchronous belt, and the synchronous belt is driven by a servo motor and a speed reducer;
the sample mounting table is positioned above the bottom plate and below the hammer body and used for fixing a test sample;
specifically, a vertically extending bolt hole is formed in the middle of the movable cross beam, a grabbing and releasing hammer device matched with the bolt hole is arranged in the bolt hole, the grabbing and releasing hammer device comprises a hook of a grabbing and releasing hammer body, the hook is controlled by a unhooking cylinder arranged on the movable cross beam and used for grabbing and releasing the hammer body, and the grabbing and releasing hammer mechanism is further connected with a weighing sensor arranged on the movable cross beam and used for detecting that the hook hooks the hammer body;
an electric control system is fixed on the top plate, and the servo motor and the grabbing and releasing hammer device receive the instruction of the electric control system together.
Further, the whole hammer body is in a flat I shape.
Further, a tension wheel is further arranged on the synchronous belt.
Furthermore, the hook is approximately J-shaped, one end of a straight section of the hook is a long circular hole, the other end of the straight section of the hook is a circular hole, the circular hole is located in a pin groove in the movable cross beam, the pin shaft is connected to a weighing end of the weighing sensor extending into the pin groove, the long circular hole is connected to a telescopic end of the unhooking cylinder through a pin shaft, when the telescopic end retracts, the hook rotates by taking the circular hole as the center to hook the pin, and in the hammer lifting stage, the telescopic end of the unhooking cylinder is kept in a retracting state to lock the pin.
Furthermore, two speed measuring devices are arranged on the sample mounting table, optical fiber speed measuring sensors are adopted, and the two speed measuring devices are arranged at different heights in the same vertical direction and are used for measuring the instantaneous speed of the hammer before impacting the sample and the instantaneous speed of the hammer after impacting the sample.
Further, hammer block below sets up one and prevents secondary impact device, and its is fixed to be set up on the sample mount table on the bottom plate to be located between the direction polished rod, prevent that secondary impact device includes the flexible cylinder of a level and a buffer beam that can reciprocate, the buffer beam sets up in a buffer sleeve, and a wedge can be passed to the buffer sleeve lower extreme, and the wedge fills up at the buffer beam lower extreme, and the wedge is with the flexible end rigid coupling of cylinder, and when the hammer block rebounded, the shading piece on the tup can pass optic fibre tacho sensor, and electrical control system can send the instruction immediately for the cylinder, drives the flexible end of actuating cylinder and orders about the wedge translation, raises the buffer beam of pad on the wedge with the wedge to with the hammer block of bounce-back together risees, and catches the hammer block.
Further, safety protection nets extending from the top plate to the bottom plate are laid along the stand columns, and the safety protection nets are located on two sides of the top plate.
Further, still include jettison device, jettison device is high strength spring, and it sets up on the roof, passes the walking beam and extrudees the hammer block, realizes the different impact test speed of hammer block.
The invention also provides a using method of the impact test equipment, which comprises the following steps:
s1: starting a servo motor to enable a transmission lead screw to rotate, enabling a lead screw pair to rotate through the transmission lead screw and move downwards together with a movable cross beam arranged on the lead screw pair, so that a grabbing and releasing hammer device on the movable cross beam moves to a position close to a hammer body below the grabbing and releasing hammer device, a unhooking cylinder extends out at the moment, a hook is bent outwards, after the movable cross beam reaches a preset position, the unhooking cylinder retracts, the hook hooks a bolt on the hammer body, and grabbing operation of the hammer body is completed;
s2: the servo motor drives the transmission screw rod reversely to lift the movable cross beam, so that the grabbing and releasing hammer device carries the hammer body to move to a specified height position along the guide polished rod to complete the lifting operation of the hammer body;
s3: the grabbing and releasing hammer device is driven, the releasing cylinder extends out, the hook bends outwards, and the hammer body falls off, so that the releasing operation of the hammer body is completed.
Further, the speed of the hammer at the moment before impacting the test block and the speed of the hammer after impacting are measured by a speed measuring device, and E is utilizedk=（mv2) And/2, calculating the kinetic energy difference of the hammer head before and after the impact, wherein the kinetic energy difference is the absorption work of the test block when the test block is impacted and the friction loss on the hammer body displacement between the heights of the two speed measuring devices, and measuring the absorption work of the test sample when the test sample is impacted after the friction loss is corrected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. make things convenient for the couple to snatch and drop the hammer block through utilizing the unhook cylinder, the frictional force of taking off the hammer in-process has been reduced as far as possible, impact velocity and impact energy when guaranteeing the hammer block whereabouts, and it is self-locking device to grab and take off the hammer device, and be connected with weighing sensor, only when weighing sensor detects hammer block weight, servo motor just can carry the hammer through the lead screw, movable beam just can rise, at the ascending in-process, will grab and take off hammer device auto-lock through self-lock device, avoided because of the hammer block perhaps unexpected outage or the outage often leads to the unhook to take place unexpected under the action of gravity. The device is convenient to install and use, long in service life, safe and reliable.
2. Through designing the hammer block into flat I-shaped, reduced the hammer block because of receiving the energy loss that friction and air resistance caused in the in-process that falls, and then simulated and reduced the actual impact energy of test block more accurately, guaranteed the accuracy of test result. And the hammer head can be detachably arranged below the hammer body and can be replaced according to the actual engineering condition.
3. The hammer block initiating terminal is provided with jettison device, can realize different impact test speed, satisfies the experimental requirement of more test blocks, and still is provided with and prevents secondary impact device, can avoid because of the elastic recovery of test block, leads to tup and test block secondary striking, does not conform with the engineering reality, has influenced the accuracy of experiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the overall structure of the test apparatus described in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a hammer block structure according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a driving relationship between a drive screw and a servo motor according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the movable beams according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the movable beam according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the hook connection according to embodiment 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a speed measuring device according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the sample-mounting stage according to example 1;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the structure of the secondary impact preventing device according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 10 is a cylinder initial state diagram according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 11 is a state diagram of the cylinder ejecting a wedge block according to embodiment 1;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the ejector according to embodiment 1.
Reference numerals are as follows: 1. an electrical control system; 201. A top plate; 202. A base plate; 203. A column; 204. A sample mounting stage; 3. A hammer body; 301. A hammer head; 302. A bolt; 4. Moving the beam; 401. A weighing sensor; 501. A drive screw; 502. A lead screw pair; 6. A guide polish rod; 7. A speed measuring device; 8. A safety protection net; 9. A unhooking cylinder; 10. Hooking; 110. A servo motor; 111. A speed reducer; 112. A synchronous belt; 113. A synchronous pulley; 114. A tension wheel; 12. A cylinder; 13. A buffer rod; 130. A wedge block; 14. An ejection device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the present embodiment provides a test apparatus for an impact test, including:
a pair of drive screws 501 extending vertically side by side and rotatably disposed between the top plate 201 and the bottom plate 202, the top plate 201 being erected above the bottom plate 202 by the upright 203;
one of the screw pairs 502 is sleeved with one transmission screw 501, and the transmission screw 501 can rotate to move up and down;
the pair of guide polished rods 6 are arranged between the top plate 201 and the bottom plate 202, extend side by side with the transmission screw rods 501 vertically and are positioned between the pair of transmission screw rods 501, and the guide polished rods 6 are made of hard chromium-plated round steel rods with the diameter of 25mm, and are firm and wear-resistant;
the hammer body 3 is positioned below the lead screw pair 502, is connected to the guide polished rods 6 in a sliding manner, is positioned between the two guide polished rods 6, can ascend or descend along the guide polished rods 6, avoids deviation in the descending process under the guiding action of the guide polished rods 6, ensures the positioning precision of the hammer body 3 in the descending process, is provided with a hammer head 301 through a split type detachable structure below the hammer body 3, can be replaced according to the actual engineering condition, extends upwards from the upper end of the hammer body 3 to form a bolt 302 for grabbing and releasing the hammer body 3, and is also provided with a shading sheet on the hammer head 301;
the movable cross beam 4 is positioned above the hammer body 3, two ends of the movable cross beam are respectively fixedly arranged on the pair of screw rod pairs 502 and are respectively sleeved on the pair of transmission screw rods 501 and the pair of guide polished rods 6 in a sliding manner;
the upper end of the transmission screw 501 is coaxially provided with a synchronous pulley 113, the synchronous pulley 113 is driven by a synchronous belt 112, the synchronous belt 112 is driven by a servo motor 110 and a speed reducer 111, and the transmission screw 501 can move up and down under the driving of the servo motor 110 so as to drive the movable beam 4 to move up and down; by utilizing the servo motor 110, compared with a common motor, the servo motor has the characteristics of higher efficiency, energy conservation and accuracy, and has low noise, stable performance and high positioning accuracy in the working process, and the speed reducer 111 is arranged to transmit power, so that the rotating speed is reduced and larger torque is obtained;
a sample mounting table 204, which is located above the base plate 202 and below the hammer body 3, for fixing a test sample;
specifically, a vertically extending pin hole is formed in the middle of the movable cross beam 4, a grabbing and releasing hammer device matched with the pin hole is arranged in the pin hole, the grabbing and releasing hammer device comprises a hook 10 of a grabbing and releasing hammer body 3, the hook 10 is controlled by a unhooking cylinder 9 arranged on the movable cross beam 4 and used for grabbing and releasing the hammer body 3, and the grabbing and releasing hammer mechanism is further connected with a weighing sensor 401 arranged on the movable cross beam 4 and used for detecting that the hook 10 hooks the hammer body 3.
The grabbing and falling of the hammer body 3 are completed through the unhooking cylinder 9, the friction force in the process of unhooking the hammer is reduced as much as possible, the impact speed and the impact energy when the hammer body 3 falls are guaranteed, the hook 10 is used for ascending and falling the hammer body 3, and the installation and the operation are convenient. When a hammer needs to be grabbed, the unhooking cylinder 9 extends out, the hook 10 bends outwards, after the movable beam 4 reaches a preset position, the unhooking cylinder 9 retracts, the hook 10 is hung on the bolt 302 on the hammer body 3, and when the weight sensor 401 detects the weight of the hammer body 3, the servo motor 110 lifts the hammer through the transmission screw 501; when the hammer is about to fall, the unhooking cylinder 9 extends out, and the hammer body 3 falls to perform impact action.
An electric control system 1 is fixed on the top plate 201, and the servo motor 110 and the grabbing and releasing hammer device receive the command of the electric control system 1 together.
In this embodiment, the whole body of the hammer body 3 is in a flat i shape, so that the speed and energy loss caused by air friction can be reduced, sufficient impact kinetic energy is ensured when the hammer body 3 falls to a test piece, and the hammer body 3 is formed by processing and combining thick steel materials with the thickness of 30mm and has strong enough hardness.
In this embodiment, the timing belt 112 is further provided with a tension pulley 114, so as to better control the tension of the timing belt 112 and avoid the slip of the timing belt 112.
In this embodiment, the hook 10 is substantially J-shaped, one end of a straight section of the hook 10 is a long circular hole, the other end of the straight section of the hook is a circular hole, the circular hole is located in a bolt slot in the movable beam 4, the round pin is connected to a weighing end of the weighing sensor 401 extending into the bolt slot, the long circular hole is connected to a telescopic end of the unhooking cylinder 9 through a pin shaft, when the telescopic end retracts, the hook 10 rotates around the circular hole to hook the bolt 302, and in the hammer lifting stage, the telescopic end of the unhooking cylinder 9 is kept in a retracted state to lock the bolt 302. Remove and grab and take off hammer device for the self-lock device of special design, grab hammer block 3 back and follow promptly auto-lock, can not take place the condition of hammer block 3 unhook and meet accident under the action of gravity, couple 10 can not open when unexpected outage or cut off gas yet to be furnished with weighing sensor 401 and detect the position of couple 10 at any time, if fail to grab hammer block 3, then remove crossbeam 4 and can not promote, and can also be according to the sample of different specifications, automatic zero point location.
In this embodiment, two speed measuring devices 7 are arranged on the sample mounting table 204, and all adopt optical fiber speed measuring sensors, the two speed measuring devices 7 are arranged at different heights in the same vertical direction, and the instantaneous speed of the hammer 301 before impacting the sample and the instantaneous speed of the hammer 301 after impacting the sample are measured by measuring the time that the light shielding sheet on the hammer 301 passes through the optical fiber speed measuring sensors. The kinetic energy difference before and after the hammer head 301 is impacted is calculated by using the measured speed before and after the impact, the kinetic energy difference is the absorption power of the test block when the test block is impacted and the friction loss between the two speed measuring devices 7, and the accurate absorption power of the test block when the test block is impacted can be obtained by carrying out multiple impact tests and continuously correcting the test data to minimize the error caused by the friction loss, so that the impact test is completed.
In this embodiment, a secondary impact prevention device is disposed below the hammer 3, and is fixedly disposed on the sample mounting table 204 on the bottom plate 202 and located between the guide polished rods 6, the secondary impact prevention device includes a horizontally telescopic cylinder 12 and a buffer rod 13 capable of moving up and down, the buffer rod 13 is disposed in a buffer sleeve, the lower end of the buffer sleeve can pass through a wedge block 130, the wedge block 130 is cushioned at the lower end of the buffer rod 13, the wedge block 130 is fixedly connected with the telescopic end of the cylinder 12, when the hammer 3 rebounds, the light shielding sheet on the hammer 301 can pass through the optical fiber velocity measurement sensor, the electrical control system 1 immediately sends a command to the cylinder 12, drives the telescopic end of the cylinder 12 to drive the wedge block 130 to translate, raises the buffer rod 13 cushioned on the wedge block 130 by a wedge surface, and raises together with the rebounded hammer 3, and catches the hammer 3, so as to avoid elastic recovery due to the test block, the secondary impact between the hammer 301 and the test block is caused and is inconsistent with the actual engineering, and the accuracy of the experiment is influenced.
The equipment configuration prevents the secondary and strikes the device, prevent that the secondary from strikeing the assembly and adopting cylinder 12 drive, initial condition cylinder 12 withdrawal, when the sample bounce-back has been strikeed to the hammer block 3, the shading piece on the tup 301 can pass optic fibre speed sensor, electrical control system 1 can send the instruction immediately and give cylinder switching-over valve, let the cylinder piston release, ejecting wedge 130, bed hedgehopping buffer beam 13 makes its 3 to same height with the hammer block of bounce-back, when waiting that 3 seconds of hammer block fall down, buffer beam 13 catches hammer block 3, prevent that 3 seconds of hammer block from strikeing the sample. When the hammer is lifted by the hammer grabbing assembly next time, the electrical control system 1 sends an instruction to the air cylinder reversing valve to enable the air cylinder piston to retract, the wedge block 130 to retract, the buffer rod 13 to reset, and the impact test is continued.
In this embodiment, lay the safety protection net 8 that extends by roof 201 to bottom plate 202 along stand 203, safety protection net 8 is located roof 201 both sides, and safety protection net 8's setting has effectively prevented that the drop hammer from spattering test block piece everywhere after destroying the test block thereby causing on-the-spot staff's personal safety problem.
In this embodiment, the impact test device further includes an ejection device 14, where the ejection device 14 is a high-strength spring, and is disposed on the top plate 201, penetrates through the movable cross beam 4, and presses the hammer block 3, so as to achieve different impact test speeds of the hammer block 3, and meet impact requirements of different test blocks.
The ejection device 14 is based on the principle that energy is stored by a high-strength spring, and in the impact process, the high-strength spring gives an initial speed to the hammer 301 and then freely falls, so that the hammer 301 impacts the sample at a high speed.
During the test, the weight of the hammer body 3 is adjusted, and the weight of the hammer body 3 and the speed of impact are input into a computer. The sample is placed, and the automatic zero setting button is pressed, so that the hammer lifting system can automatically set zero. When the hammer is started, the hammer lifting device drives the servo motor 110 to drive the transmission screw 501 through the synchronous belt 112, so that the movable beam 4 rises, and when the movable beam rises to the top end, the high-strength spring penetrates through the movable beam 4 and presses on the hammer body assembly. The moving beam 4 continues to rise and the hammer block assembly will compress the high strength spring until it is compressed to a set position. When the hammer is impacted, the grabbing and releasing pendulum device is unhooked, the hammer body assembly is released, the compressed high-strength spring releases energy, the energy acts on the hammer body assembly, initial speed is provided for the hammer body assembly, then the hammer body assembly continuously and freely falls, and a sample is impacted.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a use method of a test device for an impact test, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the servo motor 110 is started to enable the transmission screw 501 to rotate, the screw pair 502 rotates through the transmission screw 501 and moves downwards together with the movable cross beam 4 arranged on the screw pair 502, so that the grabbing and releasing hammer device on the movable cross beam 4 moves to a position close to the hammer body 3 below the grabbing and releasing hammer device, the unhooking cylinder 9 extends out at the moment, the hook 10 bends outwards, after the movable cross beam 4 reaches a preset position, the unhooking cylinder 9 retracts, the hook 10 hooks the bolt 302 on the hammer body 3, and grabbing operation of the hammer body 3 is completed;
s2: the servo motor 110 reversely drives the transmission screw 501 to lift the movable cross beam 4, so that the grabbing and releasing hammer device carries the hammer body 3 to move to a specified height position along the guide polished rod 6 to complete the lifting operation of the hammer body 3;
s3: the grabbing and releasing hammer device is driven, the unhooking cylinder 9 extends out, the hook 10 bends outwards, and the hammer body 3 falls off, so that the releasing operation of the hammer body 3 is completed.
In this embodiment, the speed of the hammer 301 immediately before impacting the test block and the speed of the hammer after impacting are measured by the speed measuring device 7, and E is usedk=（mv2) And/2, calculating the kinetic energy difference of the hammer head 301 before and after the impact, wherein the kinetic energy difference is the absorption work of the test block when the test block is impacted and the friction loss on the displacement of the hammer body 3 between the heights of the two speed measuring devices 7, and measuring the absorption work of the test sample when the test block is impacted after the friction loss is corrected.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test apparatus for impact testing, comprising:
a pair of transmission screw rods (501), which are vertically extended side by side and are rotatably arranged between the top plate (201) and the bottom plate (202), wherein the top plate (201) is erected on the bottom plate (202) through an upright post (203);
one of the screw pair (502) is sleeved on one transmission screw (501), and the transmission screw (501) can rotate to move up and down through the transmission screw;
the pair of guide polished rods (6) are arranged between the top plate (201) and the bottom plate (202), vertically extend side by side with the transmission screw rods (501), and are positioned between the pair of transmission screw rods (501);
the hammer body (3) is positioned below the lead screw pair (502), is connected to the guide polished rods (6) in a sliding manner, is positioned between the two guide polished rods (6), is provided with a hammer head (301) below through a split type detachable structure, extends upwards from the upper end of the hammer body (3) to form a bolt (302) for grabbing and releasing the hammer body (3), and is also provided with a shading sheet on the hammer head (301);
the movable cross beam (4) is positioned above the hammer body (3), two ends of the movable cross beam are respectively and fixedly arranged on the pair of lead screw pairs (502), and the movable cross beam is respectively sleeved on the pair of transmission lead screws (501) and the pair of guide polished rods (6) in a sliding manner;
the upper end of the transmission screw rod (501) is coaxially provided with a synchronous belt wheel (113), the synchronous belt wheel (113) is driven by a synchronous belt (112), and the synchronous belt (112) is driven by a servo motor (110) and a speed reducer (111);
a sample mounting table (204) located above the base plate (202) and below the hammer body (3) for fixing a test sample;
the method is characterized in that:
a vertically extending bolt hole is formed in the middle of the movable cross beam (4), a grabbing and releasing hammer device matched with the bolt hole is arranged in the bolt hole, the grabbing and releasing hammer device comprises a hook (10) of a grabbing and releasing hammer body (3), the hook is controlled by a unhooking cylinder (9) arranged on the movable cross beam (4) and used for grabbing and releasing the hammer body (3), and the grabbing and releasing hammer mechanism is further connected with a weighing sensor (401) arranged on the movable cross beam (4) and used for detecting that the hook (10) hooks the hammer body (3);
an electric control system (1) is fixed on the top plate (201), and the servo motor (110) and the grabbing and releasing hammer device jointly receive the instruction of the electric control system (1).
2. The test apparatus for impact tests according to claim 1, characterized in that said hammer body (3) is overall of a flattened i-shape.
3. The apparatus for testing an impact test according to claim 1, wherein a tension pulley (114) is further provided on the timing belt (112).
4. The impact test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hook (10) is substantially J-shaped, and has a straight section with a long circular hole at one end and a round circular hole at the other end, the round circular hole is located in a pin slot in the movable beam (4), and the pin is connected to a weighing end of the weighing sensor (401) extending into the pin slot, the long circular hole is connected to a telescopic end of the unhooking cylinder (9) through a pin shaft, when the telescopic end is retracted, the hook (10) is rotated around the round circular hole to hook the pin (302), and during the hammer lifting stage, the telescopic end of the unhooking cylinder (9) is kept in a retracted state to lock the pin (302).
5. The test equipment for the impact test according to claim 1, wherein two speed measuring devices (7) are arranged on the sample mounting table (204), both of which adopt optical fiber speed measuring sensors, and the two speed measuring devices (7) are arranged at different heights in the same vertical direction and are respectively used for measuring the instantaneous speed of the hammer head (301) before impacting the test sample and the instantaneous speed of the hammer head after impacting.
6. The test equipment for the impact test according to claim 1, wherein a secondary impact prevention device is arranged below the hammer body (3) and is fixedly arranged on a sample mounting table (204) on the bottom plate (202) and is positioned between the guide polished rods (6), the secondary impact prevention device comprises a horizontally telescopic cylinder (12) and a buffer rod (13) capable of moving up and down, the buffer rod (13) is arranged in a buffer sleeve, the lower end of the buffer sleeve can penetrate through a wedge block (130), the wedge block (130) is cushioned at the lower end of the buffer rod (13), the wedge block (130) is fixedly connected with the telescopic end of the cylinder (12), when the hammer body (3) rebounds, a shading sheet on the hammer head (301) can penetrate through a speed measurement optical fiber sensor, the electrical control system (1) immediately sends a command to the cylinder (12), the telescopic end of the cylinder (12) is driven to drive the wedge block (130) to translate, the buffer rod (13) which is arranged on the wedge block (130) is lifted by the wedge surface to be lifted together with the rebounded hammer body (3) and to be connected with the hammer body (3).
7. The test apparatus of the impact test according to claim 1, wherein a safety net (8) extending from the roof (201) to the floor (202) is laid along the columns (203), the safety net (8) being located on both sides of the roof (201).
8. The test equipment of the impact test is characterized by further comprising an ejection device (14), wherein the ejection device (14) is a high-strength spring, is arranged on the top plate (201), penetrates through the movable cross beam (4) and presses the hammer body (3), and different impact test speeds of the hammer body (3) are realized.
9. A method of using a test apparatus for applying the impact test of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1: the servo motor (110) is started to enable the transmission lead screw (501) to rotate, the lead screw pair (502) rotates through the transmission lead screw (501) and moves downwards together with the movable cross beam (4) arranged on the lead screw pair (502), so that the grabbing and releasing hammer device on the movable cross beam (4) moves to a position close to the hammer body (3) below the grabbing and releasing hammer device, the unhooking cylinder (9) extends out at the moment, the hook (10) bends outwards, after the movable cross beam (4) reaches a preset position, the unhooking cylinder (9) retracts, the hook (10) hooks the bolt (302) on the hammer body (3), and grabbing operation of the hammer body (3) is completed;
s2: the servo motor (110) drives the transmission screw rod (501) in a reverse direction to lift the movable cross beam (4), so that the grabbing and releasing hammer device carries the hammer body (3) to move to a specified height position along the guide polished rod (6), and the lifting operation of the hammer body (3) is completed;
s3: the grabbing and releasing hammer device is driven, the releasing cylinder (9) extends out, the hook (10) bends outwards, and the hammer body (3) falls off, so that the releasing operation of the hammer body (3) is completed.
10. Use of a test device for impact testing according to claim 9, characterized in that the speed of the hammer head (301) immediately before impact on the test block and after completion of the impact is measured by a speed measuring device (7) and E is usedk=（mv2) And/2, calculating the kinetic energy difference of the hammer head (301) before and after the impact, wherein the kinetic energy difference is the absorption work of the test block when the test block is impacted and the friction loss on the hammer body displacement between the heights of the two speed measuring devices (7), and measuring the absorption work of the test sample when the test sample is impacted after the friction loss is corrected.
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| CN202210647448.7A CN114739839A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Test equipment for impact test and use method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220712 |