CN114739114B - Hydrogen liquefying device - Google Patents
Hydrogen liquefying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114739114B CN114739114B CN202210342688.6A CN202210342688A CN114739114B CN 114739114 B CN114739114 B CN 114739114B CN 202210342688 A CN202210342688 A CN 202210342688A CN 114739114 B CN114739114 B CN 114739114B
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- hydrogen
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- refrigeration
- precooling
- cycle structure
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006903 response to temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
- F25J1/0227—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers within a refrigeration cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/82—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a reactor with combustion or catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen manufacture, and discloses a hydrogen liquefying device. The hydrogen liquefying device comprises a precooling structure, a Stirling cycle structure and at least one refrigeration cycle structure; the precooling structure is provided with a first hydrogen channel, a first precooling channel and a second precooling channel, and the second precooling channel is filled with precooling agent; the refrigerating circulation structure comprises a refrigerating heat exchanger, a compressor, a cooler and an expansion valve, wherein the refrigerating heat exchanger is provided with a second hydrogen channel and a first refrigerating channel, the second hydrogen channel is connected with the first hydrogen channel, the outlet end of the first refrigerating channel, the compressor and the cooler are sequentially connected, the inlet end of the first refrigerating channel is connected with the outlet end of the first precooling channel through the expansion valve, the outlet end of the cooler is connected with the first precooling channel, and the refrigerating circulation structure is filled with refrigerant; the Stirling cycle structure is provided with a third hydrogen passage connected to the second hydrogen passage. The hydrogen can be more economically and efficiently converted into liquid hydrogen, so that the hydrogen can be more effectively transported and stored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen manufacture, in particular to a hydrogen liquefying device.
Background
Hydrogen is considered one of the best energy carriers, is chosen by many countries as the best and final form of energy supply, and the direct and indirect use of hydrogen as energy carrier and process gas respectively will enable us to suppress CO 2 And (5) discharging.
In the present state of the art, hydrogen can be effectively applied on a large scale worldwide, but there are still some technical obstacles and economic feasibility bottlenecks of applying hydrogen, one of the main problems is the inability to efficiently transport and store hydrogen.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a hydrogen liquefying device, which aims to solve the technical problem that hydrogen cannot be transported and stored effectively.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hydrogen liquefying apparatus for converting hydrogen into liquid hydrogen, the hydrogen liquefying apparatus including a precooling structure, a stirling cycle structure and at least one refrigeration cycle structure;
the precooling structure is provided with a first hydrogen channel, a first precooling channel and a second precooling channel, and precooling agent is injected into the second precooling channel;
the refrigeration cycle structure comprises a refrigeration heat exchanger, a compressor, a cooler and an expansion valve, wherein the refrigeration heat exchanger is provided with a second hydrogen channel and a first refrigeration channel, the second hydrogen channel is connected with the first hydrogen channel, the outlet end of the first refrigeration channel, the compressor and the cooler are sequentially connected, the inlet end of the first refrigeration channel is connected with the outlet end of the first precooling channel through the expansion valve, the outlet end of the cooler is connected with the inlet end of the first precooling channel to form a circulation loop, and a refrigerant is arranged in the circulation loop;
the Stirling cycle structure is provided with a third hydrogen channel, and the third hydrogen channel is connected with the second hydrogen channel;
the hydrogen is input from the first hydrogen channel, sequentially passes through the second hydrogen channel and the third hydrogen channel, and is converted into the liquid hydrogen.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the hydrogen liquefying device includes four refrigeration cycle structures, and the refrigeration heat exchanger further includes a second refrigeration channel;
for the first of the refrigeration cycle structures: the inlet end of the first refrigeration channel is connected with the outlet end of the first precooling channel through the expansion valve, and the outlet end of the cooler is connected with the inlet end of the first precooling channel to form a circulation loop;
for the second of the refrigeration cycle structures: the inlet end of the first refrigeration channel is connected with the outlet end of the second refrigeration channel of the first refrigeration cycle structure through the expansion valve, and the outlet end of the cooler is connected with the inlet end of the second refrigeration channel of the first refrigeration cycle structure to form a circulation loop;
the connection mode of the third refrigeration cycle structure and the fourth refrigeration cycle structure is the same as that of the second refrigeration cycle structure;
after being input from the precooling structure and precooled, the hydrogen is refrigerated by four refrigeration heat exchangers and then converted into the liquid hydrogen by the Stirling cycle structure.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the pre-cooling structure includes a pre-cooling heat exchanger, and the first hydrogen channel, the first pre-cooling channel, and the second pre-cooling channel are disposed in the pre-cooling heat exchanger.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the hydrogen liquefying device further includes a refrigeration tank, wherein the refrigeration tank is used for providing a low-temperature environment, and the refrigeration cycle structure and the stirling cycle structure are disposed in the refrigeration tank.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the refrigeration box includes a first refrigeration box and a second refrigeration box, the refrigeration cycle structure is disposed in the first refrigeration box, and the stirling cycle structure is disposed in the second refrigeration box.
Alternatively, in one embodiment, the temperature in the first refrigeration tank is 120K to 140K and the temperature in the second refrigeration tank is 70K to 90K.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the hydrogen liquefying device further includes a reactor for converting the liquid hydrogen between normal hydrogen and para hydrogen, and the reactor is connected to an output end of the stirling cycle structure.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the reactor includes a fourth hydrogen channel, a fourth refrigeration channel, fins and a catalyst, the fins are disposed in the fourth hydrogen channel and/or the fourth refrigeration channel, the fins are welded to inner walls of the fourth hydrogen channel and/or the fourth refrigeration channel by brazing, and the catalyst is disposed on the fins of the fourth hydrogen channel.
Optionally, in an embodiment, optionally, the refrigerant comprises one or more of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and nitrogen.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the refrigerant comprises at least two of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and nitrogen;
the refrigerant in each refrigeration cycle structure has the same substance, and the mole fraction of each substance is different.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the hydrogen is required to be cooled by liquefaction, the hydrogen is precooled and cooled by a precooling agent of a precooling structure, the temperature is precooled to a preset temperature from the ambient temperature, then the hydrogen enters a refrigeration cycle structure, one or more refrigeration cycle structures are used for further refrigeration, and finally the hydrogen is completely liquefied by a Stirling cycle structure, so that liquid hydrogen is obtained. The temperature difference between the hydrogen and the circulating refrigerant can be reduced through the precooling structure, so that the loss of the strong irreversible heat transfer process in the refrigeration heat exchanger is reduced; in the process of liquefying hydrogen into liquid hydrogen, the refrigerant can be recycled between the precooling structure and the refrigeration cycle structure, and the temperature of the refrigerant behind the refrigerant is lower because the hydrogen is cooled and refrigerated step by step, so that the temperature of the refrigerant rises due to the fact that the refrigerant absorbs the heat released by the hydrogen in the refrigeration heat exchanger of a certain refrigeration cycle structure, the refrigerant can be recycled to the refrigeration heat exchanger of the last refrigeration cycle structure for reuse, the hydrogen in the refrigerant can be cooled by the aid of the refrigerant, the refrigerant in the first refrigeration cycle structure can also be recycled to the precooling structure for precooling the hydrogen, the utilization rate of the refrigerant and the cooling and refrigerating efficiency of the hydrogen can be greatly improved, and the manufacturing and using costs of the hydrogen liquefying device can be reduced.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which the figures of the drawings are not to scale, unless expressly stated otherwise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen liquefaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration cassette according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the reactor of the present invention.
100 parts of a hydrogen liquefying device; 110. a precooling structure; 111. precooling a heat exchanger; 112. a first hydrogen passage; 113. a first pre-cooling channel; 114. a second pre-cooling channel; 120. a refrigeration cycle structure; 121. a refrigeration heat exchanger; 122. a second hydrogen channel; 123. a first refrigeration channel; 124. a second refrigeration channel; 125. a compressor; 126. a cooler; 127. an expansion valve; 130. a Stirling cycle structure; 131. a liquefaction heat exchanger; 132. a third hydrogen passage; 133. a third refrigeration passage; 134. a Stirling cycle; 140. a refrigeration box; 141. a first refrigeration tank; 142. a second refrigeration tank; 150. a reactor; 151. a fourth flow path; 152. a fourth refrigeration passage; 153. a fin; 154. a catalyst; 160. a pre-cooling agent; 170. and (3) a refrigerant.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more particular description thereof will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in this specification for purposes of illustration only. In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, features defining "first", "second" may include one or more such features either explicitly or implicitly; the meaning of "plurality" is two or more. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof may be present or added.
Furthermore, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other. All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In addition, the technical features mentioned in the different embodiments of the invention described below can be combined with one another as long as they do not conflict with one another.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a hydrogen liquefying device for liquefying hydrogen H 2 Conversion to liquid hydrogen LH 2 The hydrogen liquefying apparatus includes a pre-cooling structure 110, a Stirling cycle structure 130, and at least one refrigeration cycle structure 120; the pre-cooling structure 110 is provided with a first hydrogen channel 112, a first pre-cooling channel 113 and a second pre-cooling channel 114, and a pre-cooling agent 160 is injected into the second pre-cooling channel 114; the refrigeration cycle structure 120 comprises a refrigeration heat exchanger 121, a compressor 125, a cooler 126 and an expansion valve 127, the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 is provided with a second hydrogen channel 122 and a first refrigeration channel 123, the second hydrogen channel 122 is connected with the first hydrogen channel 112, the outlet end of the first refrigeration channel 123, the compressor 125 and the cooler 126 are sequentially connected, and the inlet end of the first refrigeration channel 123 is connected with the outlet of the first pre-cooling channel 113 through the expansion valve 127The outlet end of the cooler 126 is connected with the inlet end of the first pre-cooling channel 113 to form a circulation loop, and a refrigerant 170 is arranged in the circulation loop; the Stirling cycle structure 130 is provided with a third hydrogen passage 132, the third hydrogen passage 132 being connected to the second hydrogen passage 122; the hydrogen H 2 Is input from the first hydrogen passage 112, sequentially passes through the second hydrogen passage 122 and the third hydrogen passage 132, and is converted into the liquid hydrogen LH 2 。
Wherein, the pre-cooling agent 160 is different from the refrigerant 170, the pre-cooling agent 160 is a single substance, the refrigerant 170 is a mixture of multiple substances, and the refrigerant 170 comprises more than two substances of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and nitrogen, which are also the same in the following embodiments.
In the present embodiment, hydrogen H 2 Is required for liquefying hydrogen H 2 Cooling, namely, cooling hydrogen H by using a precooling agent 160 of a precooling structure 110 2 Precooling to reduce the temperature, precooling from the ambient temperature to a preset temperature, entering the refrigeration cycle structure 120, further refrigerating by one or more refrigeration cycle structures 120, and finally cooling the hydrogen H by the Stirling cycle structure 130 2 Completely liquefying to obtain liquid hydrogen LH 2 . Hydrogen H may be reduced by pre-cooling structure 110 2 A temperature difference with the circulating refrigerant 170, thereby reducing a loss of a strong irreversible heat transfer process occurring in the refrigeration heat exchanger 121; second in hydrogen H 2 Liquefied to liquid hydrogen LH 2 The refrigerant 170 may be circulated between the pre-cooling structure 110 and the refrigeration cycle structure 120 because the hydrogen H is supplied in steps 2 Since the temperature of the refrigerant is lowered as the cooling refrigeration is performed, the refrigerant 170 absorbs the hydrogen gas H in the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 of the refrigeration cycle structure 120 2 The released heat causes the temperature to rise and can be recycled to the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 of the last refrigeration cycle structure 120 to be reused, thereby helping hydrogen H in the refrigeration heat exchanger 2 And the refrigerant 170 in the first refrigeration cycle structure 120 can be circulated to the pre-cooling structure 110 to help to cool hydrogen, and then the cooled refrigerant is returned to the current refrigeration heat exchanger 121 through the expansion valve 127Gas H 2 Precooling is carried out, so that the utilization rate of the refrigerant 170 and the hydrogen H can be greatly improved 2 The cooling and refrigerating efficiency of the hydrogen liquefying device 100 is very high, the hydrogen liquefying device 100 has lower cost compared with the current industrial practice equipment, and the hydrogen liquefying device 100 can more economically and efficiently liquefy hydrogen H 2 To liquid hydrogen, thereby enabling more efficient transportation and storage of hydrogen H 2 。
In an embodiment, four refrigeration cycle structures 120 are preferably provided, that is, the hydrogen liquefying device includes a pre-cooling structure 110, four refrigeration cycle structures 120 and a stirling cycle structure 130 sequentially connected, specifically, the pre-cooling structure 110 is a pre-cooling heat exchanger 111, a first hydrogen channel 112, a first pre-cooling channel 113 and a second pre-cooling channel 114 are provided in the pre-cooling heat exchanger 111, and hydrogen H is input into the first hydrogen channel 112 2 The second pre-cooling channel 114 injects the pre-cooling agent 160 into the inlet end through the external refrigerator, and inputs the hydrogen H into the first hydrogen channel 112 2 Precooling, and discharging the precooling agent 160 from the outlet end of the second precooling passage 114 after the precooling agent is used; each refrigeration cycle structure 120 comprises a refrigeration heat exchanger 121, a compressor 125, a cooler 126 and an expansion valve 127, wherein the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 is provided with a first refrigeration channel 123 and a second refrigeration channel 124 of a second hydrogen channel 122, and an outlet end of the first refrigeration channel 123, the compressor 125 and the cooler 126 are sequentially connected; for the first one of the refrigeration cycle structures 120: an inlet end of the first refrigeration channel 123 is connected with an outlet end of the first pre-cooling channel 113 through the expansion valve 127, and an outlet end of the cooler 126 is connected with an inlet end of the first pre-cooling channel 113 to form a circulation loop; for the second one of the refrigeration cycle structures 120: the inlet end of the first refrigeration channel 123 is connected to the outlet end of the second refrigeration channel 124 of the first refrigeration cycle structure 120 through the expansion valve 127, and the outlet end of the cooler 126 is connected to the inlet end of the second refrigeration channel 124 of the first refrigeration cycle structure 120 to form a circulation loop; third one of the refrigeration cycle structures 120 and fourth one of the refrigeration cycle structuresThe connection manner of the refrigeration cycle structure 120 is the same as that of the second refrigeration cycle structure 120, and four circulation loops are formed in total; the hydrogen H 2 Is input from the pre-cooling structure 110, is cooled by four cooling heat exchangers 121, is then transferred to the Stirling cycle structure 130, and is converted into the liquid hydrogen LH 2 。
Wherein the Stirling cycle structure 130 comprises a Stirling cycle 134 and a liquefaction heat exchanger 131, the liquefaction heat exchanger 131 is provided with a third hydrogen channel 132 and a third refrigeration channel 133, the third hydrogen channel 132 is connected with the second hydrogen channel 122, the outlet end of the Stirling cycle 134 is connected with the inlet end of the third refrigeration channel 133, the outlet end of the third refrigeration channel 133 is connected with the inlet end of the Stirling cycle 134, and the Stirling cycle 134 is used for providing refrigeration working medium to liquefy hydrogen input into the liquefaction heat exchanger 131, so that liquid hydrogen LH can be stably and efficiently produced 2 。
In the present embodiment, the raw material hydrogen gas H is input in the first hydrogen passage 112 2 Precooling and cooling are performed in the precooling heat exchanger 111 by the precooling agent 160 injected into the second precooling passage 114 through the external refrigerant 170, and hydrogen H is introduced into the precooling heat exchanger 2 Precooling from ambient temperature to 268K-228K, and reducing hydrogen H 2 A temperature difference with the first refrigeration cycle structure 120, thereby reducing a loss of a strong irreversible heat transfer process occurring in the refrigeration heat exchanger 121; then hydrogen H 2 Into the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 of the first refrigeration cycle structure 120, the temperature thereof is reduced to 222K-182K by the refrigerant 170, wherein the refrigerant 170 in the first refrigeration cycle structure 120 absorbs hydrogen H 2 After the released heat is heated, the high-pressure refrigerant 170 is sucked by the compressor 125 and conveyed to the cooler 126 for refrigeration, then circulated to the pre-cooling heat exchanger 111 for auxiliary pre-cooling, and then circulated back to the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 for hydrogen H after passing through the expansion valve 127 and outputting the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant 170 2 Cooling; then hydrogen H 2 Into the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 of the second refrigeration cycle structure 120, the temperature thereof is reduced to 178K-138K by the refrigerant 170, wherein the circulation of the refrigerant 170 is as in the previous refrigeration cycle structure 120,except that the refrigerant 170 is circulated to the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 in the previous refrigeration cycle structure 120 to assist in cooling; then hydrogen H 2 Into the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 of the third refrigeration cycle structure 120, its temperature is reduced to 127K-107K by the refrigerant 170, wherein the refrigerant 170 circulates as in the second refrigeration cycle structure 120; then hydrogen H 2 To the refrigeration heat exchanger 121 of the fourth refrigeration cycle structure 120, the temperature thereof is reduced to 90K-70K by the refrigerant 170, wherein the refrigerant 170 circulates as in the second refrigeration cycle structure 120; finally hydrogen H 2 Cooling to 36K-16K in Stirling cycle structure 130, and completely liquefying to form liquid hydrogen LH 2 . Thereby realizing the economical and efficient hydrogen H 2 To liquid hydrogen, thereby enabling more efficient transportation and storage of hydrogen H 2 。
Among them, the refrigerant 170 mainly has four or six components: ethane, propane, methane, n-butane, nitrogen, and other trace gases, the refrigerant 170 in each refrigeration cycle structure 120 is the same in material, and the mole fractions of each material are different, and specific numerical determination methods include application of the Peng-Robinson equation of state, application of the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) method, application of NIST attribute data, and trial-and-error method. During operation, the efficiency of the hydrogen liquefaction plant may also be increased and maintained at a relatively high value by varying the ratio between the constituent components of the refrigerant 170 in each cycle, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the refrigerant 170 during operation.
Further, the hydrogen liquefying apparatus further includes a refrigerating tank 140, the refrigerating tank 140 is used for providing a low temperature environment, and the refrigerating cycle structure 120 and the stirling cycle structure 130 are disposed in the refrigerating tank 140. Specifically, the refrigeration box 140 includes a first refrigeration box 141 and a second refrigeration box 142, the temperature in the first refrigeration box 141 is 120K-140K, the temperature in the second refrigeration box 142 is 70K-90K, the refrigeration cycle structure 120 is disposed in the first refrigeration box 141, and the stirling cycle structure 130 is disposed in the second refrigeration box 142. Due to hydrogen H 2 During liquefaction, a large amount of heat is evolved, whichSome heat will be dissipated into the surrounding air to raise the surrounding ambient temperature, so that the refrigeration cycle structure 120 and the Stirling cycle structure 130 are respectively placed in the low-temperature environment adapted to the ambient temperature, and the hydrogen H can be immediately supplied 2 The released heat is removed, so that the working efficiency of the hydrogen liquefying device is higher.
In an embodiment, the hydrogen liquefying apparatus further includes a reactor 150, the reactor 150 is connected to the output end of the Stirling cycle structure 130, the reactor 150 is also disposed in the refrigeration tank 140, and the reactor 150 is used for introducing the liquid hydrogen LH 2 Conversion between normal and para-hydrogen. Ortho-hydrogen and para-hydrogen are two spin isomers of molecular hydrogen, which isomerism arises from the two possible couplings of the nuclear spins of the two hydrogen atoms.
Specifically, the reactor 150 includes a fourth cooling channel 151, a fourth cooling channel 152, fins 153 and a catalyst 154, the fins 153 are disposed in the fourth cooling channel 152 and the fourth cooling channel 151, the fins 153 are welded to inner walls of the fourth cooling channel 152 and the fourth cooling channel 151 by brazing, and the catalyst 154 is disposed on the fins 153 of the fourth cooling channel 151. Wherein, the side wall of the fourth cooling channel 151, the side wall of the fourth cooling channel 152 and the fins 153 are all made of high purity aluminum. To minimize thermal resistance.
In the present embodiment, hydrogen H 2 Typically an equilibrium mixture of normal and para-hydrogen. Hydrogen H at room temperature and thermal equilibrium 2 About a mixture of 75% normal hydrogen and 25% para-hydrogen. Para-hydrogen is a stabilizer at low temperatures, but the adjustment of this equilibrium is quite slow in response to temperature changes, and by using catalyst 154, the establishment of equilibrium can be accelerated. The hydrogen is converted between the normal position and the secondary position by the catalyst 154 in the fourth hydrogen channel 151, then the heat released by the conversion is conducted through the fins 153, and then the internal environment and the external environment of the reactor 150 are cooled by the refrigerant 170 and the refrigeration box 140, so that the conversion of the normal position hydrogen and the secondary position hydrogen is maintained at a relatively stable temperature, and the isotherm reaction is realized. In normal hydrogenThe spins of the two nuclei are parallel and the spins of the two nuclei in the para-hydrogen are antiparallel.
In an embodiment of the invention, for hydrogen H 2 Further improves the liquefying method and accurately solves the problem of hydrogen H 2 Three unique important characteristics: 1. a long temperature span from ambient to boiling, next to helium; 2. non-ideal gas behavior at low temperatures; 3. the conversion of ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen and its relatively large heat of reaction generated during the conversion process is even greater than the heat of liquefaction of hydrogen. In addition, very important aspects related to future hydrogen transportation and storage, particularly for hydrogen infrastructure such as hydrogen stations.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; the technical features of the above embodiments or in the different embodiments may also be combined within the idea of the invention, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A hydrogen liquefaction device for converting hydrogen into liquid hydrogen, the hydrogen liquefaction device comprising a pre-cooling structure, a stirling cycle structure and at least one refrigeration cycle structure;
the precooling structure is provided with a first hydrogen channel, a first precooling channel and a second precooling channel, and precooling agent is injected into the second precooling channel;
the refrigeration cycle structure comprises a refrigeration heat exchanger, a compressor, a cooler and an expansion valve, wherein the refrigeration heat exchanger is provided with a second hydrogen channel and a first refrigeration channel, the second hydrogen channel is connected with the first hydrogen channel, the outlet end of the first refrigeration channel, the compressor and the cooler are sequentially connected, the inlet end of the first refrigeration channel is connected with the outlet end of the first precooling channel through the expansion valve, the outlet end of the cooler is connected with the inlet end of the first precooling channel to form a circulation loop, and a refrigerant is arranged in the circulation loop;
the Stirling cycle structure is provided with a third hydrogen channel, and the third hydrogen channel is connected with the second hydrogen channel;
the hydrogen is input from the first hydrogen channel, sequentially passes through the second hydrogen channel and the third hydrogen channel and is converted into the liquid hydrogen; wherein,
the hydrogen liquefying device comprises four refrigeration cycle structures, and the refrigeration heat exchanger further comprises a second refrigeration channel;
for the first of the refrigeration cycle structures: the inlet end of the first refrigeration channel is connected with the outlet end of the first precooling channel through the expansion valve, and the outlet end of the cooler is connected with the inlet end of the first precooling channel to form a circulation loop;
for the second of the refrigeration cycle structures: the inlet end of the first refrigeration channel is connected with the outlet end of the second refrigeration channel of the first refrigeration cycle structure through the expansion valve, and the outlet end of the cooler is connected with the inlet end of the second refrigeration channel of the first refrigeration cycle structure to form a circulation loop;
the connection mode of the third refrigeration cycle structure and the fourth refrigeration cycle structure is the same as that of the second refrigeration cycle structure;
after being input from the precooling structure and precooled, the hydrogen is refrigerated by four refrigeration heat exchangers and then converted into the liquid hydrogen by the Stirling cycle structure.
2. The hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 1, wherein the pre-cooling structure includes a pre-cooling heat exchanger, the first hydrogen passage, the first pre-cooling passage, and the second pre-cooling passage being disposed in the pre-cooling heat exchanger.
3. The hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 1, further comprising a refrigeration tank for providing a low temperature environment, the refrigeration cycle structure and the stirling cycle structure being disposed within the refrigeration tank.
4. The hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 3, wherein the refrigeration tank comprises a first refrigeration tank and a second refrigeration tank, the refrigeration cycle structure is disposed within the first refrigeration tank, and the stirling cycle structure is disposed within the second refrigeration tank.
5. The hydrogen liquefying apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the temperature in the first refrigeration tank is 120K to 140K and the temperature in the second refrigeration tank is 70K to 90K.
6. The hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 1, further comprising a reactor for converting the liquid hydrogen between normal and para-hydrogen, the reactor being connected to an output of the stirling cycle structure.
7. The hydrogen liquefying apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the reactor comprises a fourth hydrogen passage, a fourth cooling passage, fins provided in the fourth hydrogen passage and/or the fourth cooling passage, the fins being welded to inner walls of the fourth hydrogen passage and/or the fourth cooling passage by brazing, and a catalyst provided on the fins of the fourth hydrogen passage.
8. The hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises at least two of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and nitrogen.
9. The hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises at least two of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and nitrogen;
the refrigerant in each refrigeration cycle structure has the same substance, and the mole fraction of each substance is different.
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| CN103148673B (en) * | 2013-01-27 | 2015-01-07 | 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | Natural gas isobaric liquefaction device |
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