CN114738731A - Steam supply system of novel zero-number high-pressure heater of coal-fired unit of drum furnace and operation method - Google Patents
Steam supply system of novel zero-number high-pressure heater of coal-fired unit of drum furnace and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114738731A CN114738731A CN202210240124.1A CN202210240124A CN114738731A CN 114738731 A CN114738731 A CN 114738731A CN 202210240124 A CN202210240124 A CN 202210240124A CN 114738731 A CN114738731 A CN 114738731A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
- F22D1/325—Schematic arrangements or control devices therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/50—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters incorporating thermal de-aeration of feed-water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a steam supply system and an operation method of a novel zero-number high-pressure heater of a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace in the technical field of coal-fired power generation. The invention replaces superheated steam used for heating in the prior art with saturated steam of the steam pocket, and the heat transfer of the saturated steam can greatly reduce the heat transfer end difference of the zero-number high-pressure heater, improve the heat transfer efficiency of the heater of the high-pressure heater and is beneficial to the overall economy of unit operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel zero-number high-pressure heater steam supply system of a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace and an operation method, belonging to the technical field of coal-fired power generation.
Background
Under the strategic objectives of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization in China, a novel power system is constructed by the power grid, large-scale new energy is in grid-connected operation, the stability of the power grid is greatly reduced, the role of peak regulation and frequency modulation of the existing coal-fired unit in the power system is highlighted, meanwhile, great challenge is provided for the capacity of partial load operation of the unit, under the background that the country encourages high-efficiency coal and electricity cleaning, how the existing subcritical steam drum furnace unit of 600MW or below adapts to the peak regulation and frequency modulation tasks and evaluation given by the novel power system is a great problem in the operation and development processes of the unit, when the coal-fired unit is in peak regulation operation, the load of the unit is at a lower level, the water temperature level is also lower, and the heat consumption rate, the circulation efficiency and the flue gas denitration effect of the unit are all unsatisfactory.
In view of the above problems, scholars and manufacturers at home and abroad provide solutions for zero-number high-pressure heaters, specifically refer to patent grant nos. CN211008792U, CN207621988U, CN 206554985U: the water is heated by the original heat regenerative system and enters the zero-number high-pressure heater for further heating to improve the water supply temperature and optimize various indexes of the unit, wherein in the prior art, the heating steam source of the zero-number high-pressure heater is generally one-section extraction steam of a high-pressure cylinder or new steam after a steam supplementing valve of a full-cycle steam inlet unit. It can be seen that the zero high pressure heater unit is mostly used for the direct current furnace coal-fired unit of supercritical and above, and simultaneously, the heating steam source of the existing zero high pressure heater is mostly superheated steam, the heat exchange process in the zero heater has large end difference, and meanwhile, the superheated steam introduced by the steam turbine needs to be cooled and decompressed, so that the energy-saving effect of the zero high pressure heater is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a novel zero-gauge high-pressure heater steam supply system and an operation method for a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a steam supply system of a novel zero-number high-pressure heater of a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace, which comprises a heat regenerative system arranged in a steam-water circulation system, wherein the heat regenerative system comprises a multi-stage heat regenerative heater connected between a steam turbine and a boiler drum, the multi-stage heat regenerative heater comprises the zero-number high-pressure heater, saturated steam led out from the boiler drum is sent into a heating steam inlet of the zero-number high-pressure heater, and a heating steam outlet of the zero-number high-pressure heater is connected to a steam inlet of the boiler drum.
Furthermore, a regulating valve capable of regulating the steam pressure is arranged on a steam supply pipeline of the zero-number high-pressure heater.
Furthermore, a zero-number shutoff valve is arranged on a steam supply pipeline of the zero-number high-pressure heater and is arranged in front of the regulating valve.
Furthermore, the multi-stage regenerative heater also comprises a first high-pressure heater, a second high-pressure heater and a third high-pressure heater, and the drain of the zero high-pressure heater is converged into the first high-pressure shut-off valve and then continuously flows to the third high-pressure heater in a step-by-step self-flow mode, and finally is gathered to the deaerator by the third high-pressure heater.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a steam supply operation method for a novel zero-size high pressure heater of a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace, which is applied to any one of the steam supply systems for the novel zero-size high pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace, and comprises:
when the load of the unit is in a first interval, the zero-grade high-pressure heater steam extraction pipeline regulating valve maintains a first opening degree and is not adjusted;
when the unit load is in a second interval, regulating a steam extraction pipeline regulating valve of the zero high-pressure heater through a PID (proportion integration differentiation) controller to maintain the steam pressure at the inlet of the heater to be consistent with a set value, and improving the water supply temperature at the outlet of the water side of the zero high-pressure heater;
when the unit load is in a third interval, the heater is cut off and is not used any more;
and when the high-pressure heater is disconnected or the zero-number high-pressure heater fails to operate in response to the unit, quickly closing a shut-off valve and an adjusting valve on the steam extraction pipeline.
Further, the first interval is greater than 85%, the first opening degree is 5%, the second interval is 10% -85%, and the third interval is less than 10%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a steam supply system of a zero high-pressure heater of a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace and an operation method thereof. Meanwhile, the stress level of the metal material of the heat exchanger is improved by small-end difference heat exchange, and the service life of equipment is prolonged;
aiming at a coal-fired unit of a steam drum furnace, the zero high-pressure heater technology is introduced to improve the water supply temperature, reduce the heat transfer end difference of a boiler and improve the cycle efficiency of the unit, and meanwhile, the improvement of the water supply temperature optimizes the flue gas denitration effect, improves the economy of the unit, optimizes the environmental protection performance of the unit and ensures the running reliability of the unit in the peak and frequency modulation process of a power system;
the steam supply mode of the zero high-pressure heater of the unit is optimized, the saturated steam in the steam drum is used for replacing superheated steam led out by a steam turbine, the heat transfer end difference in the heater is reduced, the thermal stress of metal in the heater is reduced, and the safety and the reliability of the operation of the zero heater are fully guaranteed. Meanwhile, saturated steam is adopted to effectively reduce the temperature and pressure reducing effect of the backheating steam extraction pipeline, and the running economy of the unit is further optimized. The invention is optimized by the existing coal-fired unit of the steam drum furnace in China, the modification difficulty and the modification cost are lower, the market prospect is wide, and the popularization and the application of the unit in China are simpler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a thermodynamic system diagram of a steam supply system of a zero-number high-pressure heater of a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace according to an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 100. a boiler; 110. a boiler drum; 210. a high pressure cylinder; 220. an intermediate pressure cylinder; 230. a first low-pressure cylinder; 240. a second low-pressure cylinder; 300. a high pressure heater No. zero; 310. a first high pressure heater; 320. a second high pressure heater; 330. a third high pressure heater; 340. a deaerator; 350. a first low pressure heater; 360. a second low pressure heater; 370. a third low pressure heater; 410. a main feed pump; 420. a feed water pre-pump; 430. a condensate pump; 500. adjusting a valve; 510. a first high pressure shut off valve; 520. a second high pressure shut-off valve; 530. a third high pressure shut off valve; 540. a deoxygenation shut-off valve; 550. a first low pressure shut off valve; 560. a second low pressure shut-off valve; 570. a third low pressure shut off valve; 610. a high-pressure cylinder main regulating valve; 620. the intermediate pressure cylinder main regulating gate; 630. a condensate water regulating valve; 710. a high pressure cylinder main valve; 720. the intermediate pressure cylinder main regulating gate; 730. the zero-signal closes the valve; 910. a first condenser; 920. and a second condenser.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and a specific preferred embodiment, and aiming at the insufficient energy-saving effect of the existing zero number heater technology, the embodiment discloses a novel zero number high-pressure heater steam supply system and an operation method of a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace.
The steam supply system of the novel zero-number high-pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace and the operation method thereof have the technical scheme that:
the invention is explained by taking a 600MW subcritical coal-fired unit as an example by adopting a three-cylinder four-steam-exhaust arrangement, as shown in figure 1, the coal-fired unit of a drum furnace comprises a boiler 100, a steam turbine, a power generation system (the power generation system comprises a main power generator, a main voltage transformation system, an excitation system and a service power loop, which are not marked in the figure) and a steam-water circulation system (the steam-water circulation system comprises a regenerative system, a condensed water system and a water supply system), wherein the steam-water circulation system comprises the regenerative system, the condensed water system and the water supply system, and the regenerative system is used for heating the water which releases latent heat by using a part of steam led out by the steam turbine, so that the operation efficiency of the whole steam-water circulation process is improved.
The steam turbine comprises a high-pressure cylinder 210, an intermediate-pressure cylinder 220, a first low-pressure cylinder 230 and a second low-pressure cylinder 240 which are coaxially connected in sequence, and steam enters the high-pressure cylinder 210 after passing through a high-pressure cylinder main throttle valve 710 and a high-pressure cylinder main regulating valve 610 in sequence; the exhaust steam from the high pressure cylinder 210 returns to the reheating system in the boiler, and the steam provided by the reheating system sequentially passes through the intermediate pressure cylinder main throttle 720 and the intermediate pressure cylinder main throttle 620 and then enters the intermediate pressure cylinder 220.
The condenser body is used for condensing the exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder and releasing the latent heat of the exhaust steam; the vacuumizing of the condenser comprises vacuumizing of a steam chamber and vacuumizing of a water chamber, wherein non-condensed gas in the steam chamber of the condenser is discharged in the vacuumizing process of the steam chamber, so that the water quality in the steam-water circulation process is ensured, and the vacuumizing of the water chamber is used for establishing the siphoning effect of the water chamber of the condenser when a unit is started, so that the stable operation of a circulating water system is ensured; the main condensed water valve controls the flow of the main condensed water, thereby maintaining the stability of the water level of the deaerator 340; the water level of a hot well of the condenser body is controlled by a water replenishing valve and an overflow valve, and the water replenishing liquid level of the hot water level and the opening liquid level of the overflow valve are set.
In the invention, a first low-pressure cylinder 230 is connected with a first condenser 910, and the first condenser 910 is connected with a second condenser 920; the second low-pressure cylinder 240 is also connected with a second condenser 920; the second condenser 920 is sequentially connected with the condensate pump 430, the condensate water regulating valve 630 and the third low-pressure heater 370.
The feedwater system includes a main feedwater pump 410 and a feedwater pre-pump 420, whose primary function is to pressurize the thermally deoxygenated main feedwater from the deoxygenator 340 to the high pressure heater, economizer, and subsequent heating systems. The water supply path is as follows: the discharged steam in each high-pressure heater and each low-pressure heater enters a deaerator 340 for thermal deoxidization to form circulating feed water, and the circulating feed water is heated by a feed water pre-pump 420, a main feed water pump 410, a third high-pressure heater 330, a second high-pressure heater 320, a first high-pressure heater 310 and a zero high-pressure heater 300 in sequence and then is communicated with a water wall inlet of the boiler steam drum 110.
The regenerative system comprises a multistage regenerative heater, preferably four high-pressure heaters (namely a zero-number high-pressure heater 300, a first-number high-pressure heater 310, a second-number high-pressure heater 320 and a third-number high-pressure heater 330), a deaerator 340 and three low-pressure heaters (namely a first low-pressure heater 350, a second low-pressure heater 360 and a third low-pressure heater 370, wherein part of steam in a high-pressure cylinder 210 is communicated with a heating steam inlet of the first-number high-pressure heater 310 through a first high-pressure shutoff valve 510, part of steam in a high-pressure cylinder 210 is communicated with a heating steam inlet of the second-number high-pressure heater 320 through a second high-pressure shutoff valve 520), part of steam in an intermediate pressure cylinder 220 is communicated with a heating steam inlet of the third-number high-pressure heater 330 through a third high-pressure shutoff valve 530, part of steam in the intermediate pressure cylinder 220 enters the deaerator 340 through a deaerator shutoff valve 540, and part of steam in a first low-pressure cylinder 230 and a second low-pressure cylinder 240 is communicated with a first low-pressure heater through a first low-pressure shutoff valve 550 The heating steam inlet of the heater 350 is communicated, and part of steam in the first low-pressure cylinder 230 is communicated with the heating steam inlet of the second low-pressure heater 360 through a second low-pressure shutoff valve 560; and part of steam in the second low-pressure cylinder 240 is communicated with a heating steam inlet of a third low-pressure heater 370 through a third low-pressure shutoff valve 570), and the heat exchange end difference between the steam and the feed water is reduced through the multi-stage arrangement of the heaters.
As shown in figure 1, saturated steam led out from a boiler drum 110 of a steam supply system of a novel zero-grade high-pressure heater of a coal-fired unit of a drum furnace is fed into a heating steam inlet of a zero-grade high-pressure heater 300. Saturated steam replaces superheated steam of the high-pressure cylinder, the steam-water heat exchange end difference in the heater is reduced, the heat exchange efficiency of the heater is improved, and the running economy of the whole unit is improved. Meanwhile, the saturated steam is used as the heating steam, so that the thermal stress of metal in the heater can be effectively reduced, the running safety and reliability of the zero-number high-pressure heater 300 are fully ensured, and the service life of the metal structure of the zero-number high-pressure heater 300 is further prolonged.
It should be noted that, the regulating valve 500 is arranged on the steam supply pipeline of the zero-size high-pressure heater 300, and the regulating valve 500 is arranged for regulating the steam pressure entering the zero-size high-pressure heater 300 when the steam supply pipeline runs at partial load, so as to control the water supply temperature at the outlet of the heater within a reasonable range. A zero-number shutoff valve 730 is arranged in front of the regulating valve 500 on the steam supply pipeline of the zero-number high-pressure heater 300, the zero-number shutoff valve 730 is arranged to ensure the operation safety of the zero-number high-pressure heater 300 and the boiler drum 110, and the zero-number high-pressure heater 300 and the boiler drum 110 are isolated when the zero-number high-pressure heater 300 is in fault disconnection. The zero high-pressure heater 300 adopts a step-by-step self-flowing mode for drainage, and the drainage is converged into the first high-pressure shutoff valve 510 to continue to flow step by step and is finally converged into the deaerator 340. The steam turbine form, the high pressure addition scheme and the low pressure addition arrangement scheme of the set listed by the invention can be changed according to the scheme provided by a manufacturer aiming at the steam turbine arrangement form and the heat regeneration system arrangement scheme of a 600MW subcritical unit and a coal-fired unit with the capacity of 600MW and below single unit.
The operation method of the steam supply system of the novel zero-number high-pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace comprises the following steps:
step 1, when the load of the unit is higher than 85%, at this time, the water supply temperature at the outlet of the first high-pressure heater 310 is at a higher level, and the zero high-pressure heater 300 steam extraction pipeline regulating valve 500 is kept at an opening degree of 5% without adjustment.
And 2, when the load of the unit is between 10% and 85%, regulating a steam extraction pipeline regulating valve 500 of the zero high-pressure heater 300 through a PID controller to maintain the steam pressure at the inlet of the heater to be consistent with a set value, and increasing the water supply temperature at the water side outlet of the zero high-pressure heater 300. It should be noted that the temperature finally entering the economizer needs to be under-saturated to maintain the hydrodynamic circulation of the boiler, the difference from the saturation temperature should be kept above 35 ℃, and the heater is cut off and not put into use after the unit load is lower than 10%.
And 3, when the high-pressure heater (the first high-pressure heater 310, the second high-pressure heater 320 or the third high-pressure heater 330) is disconnected or the zero high-pressure heater 300 has an operation fault, the shut-off valves (the first high-pressure shut-off valve 510, the second high-pressure shut-off valve 520 or the third high-pressure shut-off valve 530) and the regulating valve 500 on the steam extraction pipeline are quickly closed, so that the safety risk is avoided.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Novel No. zero high pressure feed water heater of coal-fired unit of drum stove supplies vapour system, characterized by, including setting up the backheat system in steam-water circulation system, the backheat system is including connecting the multistage backheat heater between steam turbine and boiler drum, multistage backheat heater includes No. zero high pressure feed water heater, saturated steam that the boiler drum was drawn forth sends into No. zero high pressure feed water heater's heating steam inlet, and No. zero high pressure feed water heater's heating steam outlet inserts the steam inlet of boiler drum.
2. The steam supply system of the novel zero-gauge high-pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein a regulating valve capable of regulating steam pressure is arranged on a steam supply pipeline of the zero-gauge high-pressure heater.
3. The steam supply system of the novel zero-gauge high-pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace as claimed in claim 2, wherein a zero-gauge shut-off valve is arranged on a steam supply pipeline of the zero-gauge high-pressure heater, and the zero-gauge shut-off valve is arranged in front of the regulating valve.
4. The steam supply system of the novel zero-type high-pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multistage regenerative heater further comprises a first high-pressure heater, a second high-pressure heater and a third high-pressure heater, and after the drained water of the zero-type high-pressure heater is converged into the first high-pressure shutoff valve, the zero-type high-pressure heater continuously flows to the third high-pressure heater in a step-by-step self-flow manner, and finally the third high-pressure heater is converged to the deaerator.
5. The steam supply operation method of the novel zero-number high-pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace is characterized in that the method is applied to the steam supply system of the novel zero-number high-pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following steps:
when the load of the unit is in a first interval, the zero-grade high-pressure heater steam extraction pipeline regulating valve maintains a first opening degree and is not adjusted;
when the load of the unit is in a second interval, regulating a steam extraction pipeline regulating valve of the zero high-pressure heater through a PID (proportion integration differentiation) controller to maintain the steam pressure at the inlet of the heater to be consistent with a set value, and improving the water supply temperature at the outlet of the water side of the zero high-pressure heater;
when the unit load is in a third interval, the heater is cut off and is not used any more;
and when the high-pressure heater is disconnected or the zero-number high-pressure heater fails to operate in response to the unit, quickly closing a shut-off valve and an adjusting valve on the steam extraction pipeline.
6. The steam supply operation method for the novel zero-gauge high-pressure heater of the coal-fired unit of the drum furnace as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first interval is more than 85%, the first opening degree is 5%, the second interval is 10% -85%, and the third interval is less than 10%.
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| CN202210240124.1A CN114738731A (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2022-03-10 | Steam supply system of novel zero-number high-pressure heater of coal-fired unit of drum furnace and operation method |
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| CN202210240124.1A CN114738731A (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2022-03-10 | Steam supply system of novel zero-number high-pressure heater of coal-fired unit of drum furnace and operation method |
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