CN114738021A - Large-deformation short anchor yielding supporting structure and method for high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel - Google Patents
Large-deformation short anchor yielding supporting structure and method for high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114738021A CN114738021A CN202210320298.9A CN202210320298A CN114738021A CN 114738021 A CN114738021 A CN 114738021A CN 202210320298 A CN202210320298 A CN 202210320298A CN 114738021 A CN114738021 A CN 114738021A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013267 Pinus ponderosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000555277 Pinus ponderosa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000000439 stratum lucidum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a short anchor yielding support structure and method for large deformation of a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel, and aims to solve the problem of large deformation of the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel. The method takes the tunnel as the center, and divides the tunnel surrounding rock into a short anchor layer, a pressure-bearing layer and an original rock layer from near to far in sequence. The short anchor layer is a primary supporting structure body of tunnel surrounding rock, namely a tunnel supporting layer, and is used for supporting the stability of the tunnel; the pressed layer is a broken rock mass generated by excavation disturbance and is not supported and used for absorbing energy generated by high ground stress of an original rock layer; the original rock layer is a stable layer and consists of an original rock body which is not disturbed by excavation. Has the advantages that: a pressure-relief layer is arranged between the short anchor layer and the original rock layer, and the tunnel supporting structure systematically absorbs energy generated by high ground stress of the original rock layer, so that load borne by the short anchor layer is weakened, and surface convergence of surrounding rock of the tunnel is reduced. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of low requirement on the drilling hole forming rate, high drilling efficiency and low cost of supporting materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel support, in particular to a short anchor yielding support structure and method suitable for large deformation of a high ground stress soft rock tunnel.
Background
More and more mountain tunnels are built in western mountainous areas, and a large amount of high-ground-stress soft rock strata cannot be avoided, so that the large deformation problem of the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnels brings great safety, construction period and investment risk for project construction, for example, serious diseases such as lining cracking invasion limit, anchor rod breaking, steel arch frame distortion and the like occur in primary support.
In order to solve the problem of large deformation of a high ground stress soft rock tunnel, a plurality of experts and scholars optimize the existing supporting system and provide supporting methods such as yielding anchor cables, telescopic steel arches and the like. However, in a high-stress soft rock stratum, particularly under the working condition of rock mass crushing, the anchor rod cable drilling efficiency is low, the hole forming rate is low, and the construction progress is greatly limited; the telescopic steel arch frame joint has low rigidity and is easy to damage; and when the tunnel surface lets pressure, local falling block and collapse are easy to generate, and the risk is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a short anchor yielding support structure and method for large deformation of a high ground stress soft rock tunnel so as to solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the short anchor yielding support structure for the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel large deformation comprises a short anchor layer, a yielding layer and an original rock layer, wherein the tunnel is used as a center, and the surrounding rock of the tunnel is divided into the short anchor layer, the yielding layer and the original rock layer from near to far; the short anchor layer is a primary support structure body of tunnel surrounding rock, namely a tunnel support layer, and is used for supporting the stability of the tunnel; the pressure layer is a broken rock body generated by excavation disturbance, is not supported and is used for absorbing energy generated by high ground stress of an original rock layer; the original rock stratum is a stable layer and consists of an original rock mass which is not disturbed by excavation.
The short anchor layer is internally provided with a short anchor cable, the length of the short anchor cable is not less than 1m, the row spacing of the short anchor cable is not more than 1m, the short anchor cable body adopts a hollow structure for grouting reinforcement, and the exposed end of the short anchor cable is welded and fixed on the steel arch frame.
The short anchor layer, let the division between stratum stack, the former rock stratum according to ultrasonic wave country rock pine circle detector, the short anchor layer with let the sum of stratum stack thickness be pine circle thickness, and let the stratum stack thickness be no longer than 1/2 of pine circle thickness.
A pressure yielding layer is arranged between a short anchor layer and an original rock layer, so that the tunnel supporting structure systematically absorbs energy generated by high ground stress of the original rock layer, further weakens load borne by the short anchor layer and reduces surface convergence of surrounding rocks of the tunnel.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the yielding layer is arranged between the short anchor layer and the original rock layer, and the tunnel supporting structure systematically absorbs energy generated by high ground stress of the original rock layer, so that the load borne by the short anchor layer is weakened, and the convergence of the surface of surrounding rock of the tunnel is reduced, rather than the conventional yielding anchor rod cable or a telescopic steel arch frame and other supporting members yielding the pressure and the surface of the tunnel. Meanwhile, the method adopts the short anchor rod cable, the requirement on the drilling hole forming rate is reduced, the drilling efficiency is improved, and the cost of the supporting material is also reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-deformation short-anchor yielding support structure of a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel.
In the figure: 1-short anchor layer, 2-let pressure layer, 3-original rock layer, 4-short anchor cable and 5-steel arch frame.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
The invention relates to a short anchor yielding support structure and a method for large deformation of a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel, which are shown in a figure 1 and comprise the steps of taking the tunnel as a center, and sequentially dividing surrounding rocks of the tunnel into a short anchor layer 1, a yielding layer 2 and an original rock layer 3 from near to far; the short anchor layer 1 is a primary support structure body of tunnel surrounding rock, namely a tunnel support layer, and is used for supporting the stability of a tunnel; the laminated layer 2 is a broken rock mass generated by excavation disturbance and is not supported and used for absorbing energy generated by high ground stress of an original rock layer; and the original rock layer 3 is a stable layer and consists of original rock mass which is not disturbed by excavation. A pressure-yielding layer 2 is arranged between a short anchor layer 1 and an original rock layer 3, so that a tunnel supporting structure systematically absorbs energy generated by high ground stress of the original rock layer 3, load borne by the short anchor layer is weakened, and surface convergence of surrounding rock of a tunnel is reduced.
The short anchor layer 1 is composed of short anchor rods 4, the length of the short anchor rods 4 is not less than 1m, the row spacing between the short anchor rods 4 is not more than 1m, the short anchor rods can adopt a hollow mode and are used for grouting reinforcement, and the tail ends of the short anchor rods 4 are welded and fixed on the steel arch frame 5.
The specific embodiment is as follows: and (3) tunneling a certain tunnel with the diameter of 5m by adopting TBM (tunnel boring machine), wherein the surrounding rock is subjected to large deformation under the action of high stress in the excavation process, and the large deformation of the surrounding rock is controlled by support design along with disasters such as rib spalling, cracking and bulging, collapse and the like. Monitoring the thickness of a tunnel loosening ring by using an ultrasonic surrounding rock loosening ring detector, wherein the thickness of the loosening ring is 4m, the thickness of a yielding layer is set to be 2m, a short anchor layer is 2m, the distance between short anchor rods is 0.6m multiplied by 0.6m, and the tail end of each short anchor rod is welded and fixed on a steel arch frame. After the supporting scheme is implemented, compared with the conventional supporting design, the deformation of the surface of the tunnel is reduced by 20%, and the field requirement is met.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a high ground stress soft rock tunnel large deformation's short anchor lets presses supporting construction which characterized in that: the method comprises the steps that a tunnel is taken as a center, and tunnel surrounding rock is divided into a short anchor layer (1), a yielding layer (2) and an original rock layer (3) from near to far in sequence; the short anchor layer (1) is a primary supporting structure body of tunnel surrounding rock, namely a tunnel supporting layer, and is used for supporting the stability of a tunnel; the pressure-bearing layer (2) is a broken rock mass generated by excavation disturbance, is not supported and is used for absorbing energy generated by high ground stress of an original rock layer; the original rock stratum (3) is a stable layer and consists of original rock bodies which are not disturbed by excavation.
2. The high-ground-stress soft-rock tunnel large-deformation short-anchor yielding supporting structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the short anchor layer (1) in be equipped with short stock cable (4), the length of short stock cable (4) is not less than 1m, the row spacing between short stock cable (4) is not more than 1m, the short stock cable body adopts the hollow structure that is used for the slip casting to consolidate, the end welded fastening that exposes of short stock cable (4) is on steel bow member (5).
3. The high-ground-stress soft-rock tunnel large-deformation short-anchor yielding supporting structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: short anchor layer (1), let between stratum (2), the former rock stratum (3) divide according to ultrasonic wave country rock pine circle detector, short anchor layer (1) and let stratum (2) thickness sum be pine circle thickness, and let stratum (2) thickness be no longer than 1/2 of pine circle thickness.
4. The method for the large-deformation short-anchor yielding support structure of the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: a pressure layer (2) is arranged between the short anchor layer (1) and the original rock stratum (3), and the tunnel supporting structure systematically absorbs energy generated by high ground stress of the original rock stratum (3), so that load borne by the short anchor layer is weakened, and surface convergence of tunnel surrounding rocks is reduced.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210320298.9A CN114738021A (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Large-deformation short anchor yielding supporting structure and method for high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210320298.9A CN114738021A (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Large-deformation short anchor yielding supporting structure and method for high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel |
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| CN114738021A true CN114738021A (en) | 2022-07-12 |
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| CN202210320298.9A Withdrawn CN114738021A (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Large-deformation short anchor yielding supporting structure and method for high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel |
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3208470A1 (en) * | 1981-03-24 | 1982-10-07 | F. Willich GmbH & Co, 4600 Dortmund | Rock-stabilising method with tubular anchor or tubular nail |
| CN204002836U (en) * | 2014-06-07 | 2014-12-10 | 中国矿业大学 | The high-strength yield supporting structure of heavily stressed broken soft rock chamber |
| CN107035387A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-08-11 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of roadway surrounding rock control method under the influence of strong dynamic pressure |
| CN206681751U (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-11-28 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | One kind is used for breaking surrounding rock alley way anchor and notes integrated support system |
| CN109026070A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of buried lane cave country rock near field stress regulation and control method |
| CN110847930A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-02-28 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Multistage yielding-resisting supporting structure of extremely-high ground stress soft rock large-deformation tunnel and construction method |
| CN210977516U (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-07-10 | 河南理工大学 | A scour protection energy release composite support structure for rock burst mine tunnel |
| CN111594223A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-08-28 | 河海大学 | Yielding structure capable of absorbing aging deformation of anchoring body and supporting method thereof |
| CN113482685A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-08 | 华能铜川照金煤电有限公司西川煤矿分公司 | Method for reinforcing and supporting coal pillar |
-
2022
- 2022-03-29 CN CN202210320298.9A patent/CN114738021A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3208470A1 (en) * | 1981-03-24 | 1982-10-07 | F. Willich GmbH & Co, 4600 Dortmund | Rock-stabilising method with tubular anchor or tubular nail |
| CN204002836U (en) * | 2014-06-07 | 2014-12-10 | 中国矿业大学 | The high-strength yield supporting structure of heavily stressed broken soft rock chamber |
| CN107035387A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-08-11 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of roadway surrounding rock control method under the influence of strong dynamic pressure |
| CN206681751U (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-11-28 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | One kind is used for breaking surrounding rock alley way anchor and notes integrated support system |
| CN109026070A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of buried lane cave country rock near field stress regulation and control method |
| CN110847930A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-02-28 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Multistage yielding-resisting supporting structure of extremely-high ground stress soft rock large-deformation tunnel and construction method |
| CN210977516U (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-07-10 | 河南理工大学 | A scour protection energy release composite support structure for rock burst mine tunnel |
| CN111594223A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-08-28 | 河海大学 | Yielding structure capable of absorbing aging deformation of anchoring body and supporting method thereof |
| CN113482685A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-08 | 华能铜川照金煤电有限公司西川煤矿分公司 | Method for reinforcing and supporting coal pillar |
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Application publication date: 20220712 |
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