CN114737953A - Azimuth locking instrument for monitoring position of underground optical cable - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an azimuth locking instrument for monitoring the position of an underground optical cable, which comprises an upper joint part, a power structure, an emission unit and an azimuth reference unit, wherein the upper joint part, the power structure, the emission unit and the azimuth reference unit are sequentially connected; the device comprises an upper joint component, a power structure, a control component, a transmitting unit, a signal processing circuit, an orientation reference unit and an orientation locking unit, wherein a rotary transformation element is arranged between the upper joint component and the power structure, the upper joint component, the power structure, the control component, the transmitting unit, the signal processing circuit, the orientation reference unit and the orientation locking unit are all arranged inside a shell, and the shell is fixedly connected with the power structure. The motor is driven to rotate through power supply, and the rotor of the motor is fixed to the upper portion of the instrument, so that the shell of the motor of the device is fixed to the lower portion of the instrument, and the lower signal monitoring device is guaranteed to rotate to monitor the position of the optical cable under the condition that the upper portion of the device does not rotate.

Description

Azimuth locking instrument for monitoring position of underground optical cable

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of petroleum logging devices, in particular to an azimuth locking instrument for monitoring the position of an underground optical cable.

Background

In the process of oil drilling, some underground parameters need to be recorded in real time, so that the pressure, temperature and other parameters of the underground parameters can be known, the underground reserves can be conveniently monitored, and meanwhile, the development of adjacent wells can be conveniently provided with references.

The optical cable is attached to the outer wall of a casing when the casing is put, the casing is fixed by a hoop and the like and then put into a well, and the optical cable is directly sealed at the bottom of the well through cement paste. In this case, various sensors are provided in the lower part of the cable, as are generally customary temperature and pressure sensors. After the well is completed, the signals can be uploaded, so that data can be read conveniently. Since the cable is cemented outside the casing during cementing, perforations are required during subsequent fracture stimulation, thus risking fracturing the cable. In order to solve the problem, a matched monitoring device for the optical cable outside the casing is needed, after the position of the optical cable is locked underground, a perforating gun conducts perforation in the reverse direction, and the cable is prevented from being broken.

In order to provide an instrument capable of safely and effectively locking the position of the optical cable underground, research and development are needed, the monopoly of foreign technologies is broken away, and the azimuth locking of the optical cable position monitoring in the current logging is met.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an azimuth locking instrument for monitoring the position of an underground optical cable.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an azimuth locking instrument for monitoring the position of an underground optical cable comprises an upper joint part, a power structure, an emission unit and an azimuth reference unit, wherein the upper joint part, the power structure, the emission unit and the azimuth reference unit are sequentially connected, a control element is arranged in the power structure, and a signal processing circuit is arranged on the control element; the device comprises an upper joint component, a power structure, a control component, a transmitting unit, a signal processing circuit, an orientation reference unit and an orientation locking unit, wherein a rotary transformation element is arranged between the upper joint component and the power structure, the upper joint component, the power structure, the control component, the transmitting unit, the signal processing circuit, the orientation reference unit and the orientation locking unit are all arranged inside a shell, and the shell is fixedly connected with the power structure.

Further, the upper joint component comprises an upper rotating shaft, a retaining pad, an upper plug and an upper protective cap; the upper protective cap is connected with one end of the upper rotating shaft, holes are formed in the contact end faces of the upper rotating shaft and the upper protective cap, an upper plug is arranged in each hole, a stopping pad is arranged between the upper protective cap and the upper rotating shaft, and the outer diameter of the stopping pad is consistent with that of the upper protective cap.

Furthermore, the other end of the upper rotating shaft is connected with the bearing shell, a centering spring and a bearing backing ring are arranged at the joint of the upper rotating shaft and the bearing shell, first bearings are arranged at two ends of the bearing backing ring, a check ring is arranged at the tail end of the upper rotating shaft, and the first bearing far away from the upper protective cap is connected with the bearing press ring; the retainer ring and the bearing press ring are connected.

Furthermore, a through hole is formed in the axis of the upper rotating shaft, and a conducting rod is arranged in the through hole; one end of the conducting rod is connected with the upper plug, and the tail end of the conducting rod is provided with a banana plug; the upper rotating shaft is connected with the transmission shaft, a shaft shoulder is arranged on the transmission shaft, and two second bearings are respectively arranged on two sides of the shaft shoulder; one end of one of the second bearings is connected with the bearing shell, one end of the other second bearing is connected with the motor connecting shell, the motor connecting shell is connected with the bearing shell, and a jackscrew is arranged between the motor connecting shell and the bearing shell.

Further, the power structure comprises a transmission shaft, a coupling, a motor and a cooling fin; the transmission shaft is connected with the motor through a coupling, the motor is connected with the transmission shaft through a mandrel arranged in the motor, the motor is connected with the motor connecting shell, radiating fins are arranged outside the motor, a motor shell is arranged outside the radiating fins, and the radiating fins are arranged between the motor connecting shell and the motor shell.

Furthermore, a plug is arranged at one end, away from the upper protective sleeve, of the motor shell, and a plug pressing block is arranged at the lower end of the plug; plug briquetting lower extreme is provided with the complex socket briquetting with it, socket briquetting and socket connection, the socket sets up on the circuit skeleton, the circuit skeleton is connected with motor housing, one side of circuit skeleton is provided with circuit board and motor drive.

Furthermore, a signal transmitting unit is arranged in the transmitting unit; the signal processing circuit comprises a signal receiving circuit framework and a signal reference unit; the azimuth reference unit comprises an azimuth locking unit, and a signal locking unit is arranged in the azimuth locking unit; the signal transmitting unit is arranged at the end part of the circuit framework, the circuit framework is connected with the signal receiving circuit framework, the signal receiving circuit framework is provided with a signal reference unit, and the signal locking unit is arranged on the signal receiving circuit framework; and the signal receiving circuit framework is provided with a hole and a groove.

Furthermore, the signal receiving circuit framework is connected with one end of the lower connector body, the other end of the lower connector body is connected with the lower protective cap, and the lower connector body is internally provided with the lower socket.

Further, the rotating transforming element comprises a monolithic slip ring component; the single slip ring component is arranged on the transmission shaft and is of a cylindrical structure, the single slip ring component comprises an insulating baffle ring, a conducting ring and a transformation element, the conducting ring is arranged on the outer side of the cylindrical structure in a surrounding mode, the transformation element is arranged in the conducting ring, the insulating baffle ring is arranged on the periphery of the conducting ring, the insulating baffle ring is arranged on the transformation element through a rolling pin, an insulating fixing seat is arranged on one side of the cylindrical structure, a conducting strip is arranged on the insulating fixing seat, and the insulating fixing seat and the motor connecting shell are connected and arranged.

Furthermore, the outer side wall of the motor connecting shell is connected with an upper split spiral ring, a lower split spiral ring is arranged on the lower joint body, and the upper split spiral ring and the lower split spiral ring are both in threaded connection with the outer shell.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects: the motor is driven to rotate by supplying power, and the rotor of the motor is fixed with the upper part of the instrument, so that the shell of the motor of the device is fixed with the lower part of the instrument, and the lower signal monitoring device is ensured to rotate and monitor the position of the optical cable under the condition that the upper part of the device does not rotate.

Further, an orientation locking device is provided, which can effectively ensure that the device can transmit and receive signals in the rotation of the orientation locking device inside the orientation locking instrument, and further can ensure the coaxiality when the external optical cable position righting spring is used for rotating the bearing shell and the upper rotating shaft by monitoring and locking, so that the clamping stagnation is prevented.

Furthermore, the first bearing is separated by a certain distance through a radial bearing backing ring and is used for reducing resistance when the bearing shell and the upper rotating shaft rotate mutually; the radiating fins are arranged outside the motor and can be used for radiating heat when the motor works for a long time; the socket pressing block is provided with a groove matched with the key of the plug pressing block, so that the circuit framework and the motor shell can be prevented from rotating mutually.

Furthermore, the signal receiving circuit framework is provided with a signal locking unit which is used for receiving the signal of the signal transmitting unit, matching the signal according to the information of the signal reference unit and locking the position of the optical cable when the signal is completely consistent with the signal of the signal transmitting unit; the single-chip slip ring component is provided with a voltage transformation element for generating voltage change when the single-chip slip ring component rotates, and whether the transmission shaft rotates normally for one circle or not is monitored.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or technical descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an azimuth locking instrument for monitoring the position of a downhole optical cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an azimuth lock for downhole cable position monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an azimuth lock for downhole cable position monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a monolithic slip ring component of an azimuth lock instrument for downhole cable position monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a monolithic slip ring component in the A-A direction of an azimuth lock instrument for monitoring the position of a downhole optical cable according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: an upper protective cap 1, an upper plug 2, a retaining pad 3, an upper rotating shaft 4, a bearing housing 5, a first screw 6, a centering spring 7, a conductive rod 8, a radial bearing backing ring 9, a radial bearing press ring 10, a motor connecting housing 11, an insulating nut 12, a banana plug 13, a transmission shaft 14, a coupling 15, a second screw 16, a heat sink 17, a motor housing 18, a third screw 19, a fourth screw 20, a transformer 21, a first circuit board 22, a second circuit board 23, a motor drive 24, a socket 25, a first O-ring 26, a socket press block 27, a plug press block 28, a second O-ring 29, a plug 30, an outer housing 31, a motor 32, a monolithic slip ring component 33, a third O-ring 34, an upper split spiral ring 35, a tetrafluoro tube 36, a plane needle bearing 37, a retainer ring 38, a fourth O-ring 39, a jackscrew 40, a first bearing 41, a combined seal ring 42, a fifth O-ring 43, the signal transmission unit 44, the circuit framework 45, the signal receiving circuit framework 46, the signal reference unit 47, the lower connector body 48, the lower protective cap 49, the sixth O-ring 50, the lower socket 51, the lower split screw ring 52, the seventh O-ring 53, the fifth screw 54, the signal locking unit 55, the sixth screw 56, the third circuit board 57, the upper connector part 101, the rotating housing 102, the rotating transformation element 103, the power structure 104, the motor control circuit part 105, the transmission unit 106, the signal processing circuit part 107, the orientation reference unit 108, the orientation locking unit 109, the transformation element 201, the insulating barrier rings 202 and 203, the conductive sheets 204, the winding pins 205, the nuts 206, the insulating holders 207, the orientation locking instrument 300, the orientation locking device 301, the optical cable 302, the sleeve 303, the cement 304 and the instrument anchoring device 305.

Detailed Description

In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or communication; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the recitation of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the recitation of the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the recitation that the first and second features are not in direct contact, but are in contact via another feature between them. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, an azimuth lock instrument for downhole optical cable position monitoring includes an upper joint member 101, a rotary case 102, a rotary transformer element 103, a power structure 104, a motor control element 105, a transmission unit 106, a signal processing circuit 107, an azimuth reference unit 108, and an azimuth lock unit 109, which constitute an azimuth lock instrument 300. The power structure 104 is provided in this embodiment as a rotating electrical machine. The upper joint member 101 is connected to a motor spindle of the power structure 104. The rotating housing 102 is fixedly coupled to the motor housing of the power structure 104. The rotary housing 102 is fitted over the upper joint member 101. The lower end of the power structure 104 is provided with a motor control circuit part 105, a transmitting unit 106, a signal processing circuit part 107, an orientation reference unit 108 and an orientation locking unit 109 in sequence.

In actual use, after the upper joint part 101 is fixed, the mandrel of the power structure 104 does not rotate, and at this time, when the power structure 104 works, the housing drives the rotating housing 102 to rotate, and the internal motor control circuit part 105, the transmitting unit 106, the signal processing circuit part 107, the orientation reference unit 108 and the orientation locking unit 109 rotate to monitor the position of the external optical cable 302. Cable 302 is cemented 304 around the casing and azimuth lock device 301 inside azimuth lock instrument 300 is rotated to transmit and receive signals, thereby monitoring and locking the position of outer cable 302.

As shown in fig. 3, the upper end of the upper rotating shaft 4 is provided with a retaining pad 3 made of red copper for preventing the loosening by plastic deformation of the retaining pad 3 after the threaded connection with the upper instrument. The upper rotating shaft 4 is provided with an upper plug 2 for electrical connection with an upper member to be electrically conducted. The upper rotating shaft 4 is provided with a fifth O-ring 43 for sealing after being connected with an upper instrument to prevent mud from entering. The upper rotary shaft 4 is provided with an upper protective cap 1, said upper protective cap 1 being intended to protect the screw sealing surface, the fifth O-ring 43 and the upper plug 2 from damage. Go up the outside of axis of rotation 4 and be provided with bearing housing 5, be provided with combination sealing washer 42 between last axis of rotation 4 and bearing housing 5, combination sealing washer 42 is used for sealing, can prevent effectively that outside mud from getting into. Meanwhile, a first screw 6 is arranged, and enough grease is injected into the screw hole for lubricating and then blocking the screw hole. Be provided with and right spring 7, right spring 7 and be provided with a plurality ofly for guarantee the axiality when rotating between bearing housing 5 and the last axis of rotation 4, prevent the jamming simultaneously. And a first bearing 41 is provided at the fingertip and spaced apart by a radial bearing grommet 9 for reducing resistance when the bearing housing 5 and the upper rotating shaft 4 are rotated with each other. A radial bearing retaining ring 10 is provided on the upper rotating shaft 4, and the radial bearing retaining ring 10 retains the first bearing 41 therein and retains it by providing a retaining ring 38 on the upper rotating shaft 4.

As shown in fig. 3, a conductive rod 8 is disposed inside the upper rotating shaft 4, an upper portion of the conductive rod 8 is connected to the upper plug 2 through a screw, and a lower portion of the conductive rod 8 is screwed to the insulating nut 12. The lower part of the conductor rod 8 is provided with a banana plug 13 which leads the conductor through the bore of the drive shaft 14 to a one-piece slip ring part 33. The transmission shaft 14 is in threaded connection with the upper rotating shaft 4 and is fixed in a threaded glue mode. A second bearing 37 is arranged at the shoulder position of the transmission shaft 14, one end of the second bearing 37 is pressed against the bearing housing 5, and the other end is pressed against the shoulder of the transmission shaft 14. The other second bearing 37 is supported against the shoulder of the transmission shaft 14 at one end and against the motor connecting housing 11 at the other end. The motor connecting housing 11 is screwed into the bearing housing 5 by means of a screw thread and is sealed by means of a fourth O-ring 39, preventing the ingress of mud. The release is prevented by the jackscrew 40.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the motor connection housing 11 is provided with an upper split screw ring 35 for screw connection with the outer housing 31. Sealing is provided by a third O-ring 34 to prevent mud ingress. A single piece slip ring part 33 is provided on the drive shaft 14, leading the wires to the lower part. The spindle of the motor 32 is connected with the transmission shaft 14 through a coupling 15 to transmit torque. In this embodiment, the motor 32 is provided by a dc motor, and the housing of the motor 32 is fixed to the motor connecting housing 11 by a plurality of second screws 16. A heat sink 17 is provided outside the motor 32 to dissipate heat generated when the motor operates for a long time. The motor 32 is arranged in the motor housing 18, and the motor housing 18 is fixedly connected with the motor connecting housing 11. A 12-core plug 30 is arranged at the lower end of the motor shell 18 and is positioned by a third screw 19. The lower end face of the motor shell 18 is provided with a plug pressing block 28 which is fixed by a fourth screw 20 to prevent the plug 30 from falling out of the motor shell 18. The plug 30 in this embodiment is a 12-core plug, and wires of the transformer element 2-1 in the motor 32 and the monolithic slip ring part 33 are led to the plug 30.

As shown in fig. 3, a socket 25 is provided at the upper end of the circuit frame 45 and is positioned by a third screw 19, and the socket 25 is a 12-core socket in the present embodiment. The socket 25 is stopped by the socket pressing piece 27 and fixed by the fourth screw 20. The socket press block 27 is provided with a groove matched with the key of the plug press block 28, so that the circuit framework 45 and the motor shell 18 are prevented from rotating mutually. A second O-ring 29 is arranged on the motor housing 18, and the second O-ring 29 is used for shock absorption. The first O-ring 26 is provided on the circuit frame 45 for damping vibration. The circuit frame 45 is provided with the transformer 21, the motor driver 24, and a circuit board structure, and in the present embodiment, electronic components such as the first circuit board 22, the second circuit board 23, and the third circuit board 57 are used for electric signal processing. The lower end of the circuit framework 45 is provided with a signal transmitting unit 44 for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals. The circuit framework 45 and the signal receiving circuit framework 46 are fixedly connected through a sixth screw 56. A signal reference unit 47 is provided in the signal receiving circuit framework 46, and the signal reference unit 47 is used for receiving the signal of the signal transmitting unit 44 as a reference. And the signal receiving circuit framework 46 is provided with a signal locking unit 55 for receiving the signal of the signal transmitting unit 44, matching the signal according to the information of the signal reference unit 47 and locking the position of the optical cable when the signal is completely consistent with the information of the signal reference unit 47. The signal receiving circuit skeleton 46 is provided with a number of slots and holes for passing wires. A lower split screw ring 52 is provided on the lower joint body 48 for screw connection with the outer housing 31. Sealing is performed by the seventh O-ring 53 to prevent mud from entering. The lower connector body 48 is fixedly connected with the signal receiving circuit framework 46 through a plurality of fifth screws 54. A lower socket 51 is provided for electrical connection within the lower connector body 48 and is provided with threads for mechanical connection with a lower instrument. Here, a lower protective cap 49 is provided for protecting the thread and the sealing surface of the lower joint body 48. A sixth O-ring 50 is provided on the lower protective cap 49 to prevent moisture from entering and affecting the insulation.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the monolithic slip ring component 33 is provided with a transformer 201, and the transformer 201 is used for generating voltage change when the transmission shaft 14 rotates, and monitoring whether the transmission shaft 14 normally rotates for one turn. The conductive ring 203 is disposed outside the transformer 201 and is blocked by the insulation stopper 202, and the insulation stopper 202 is fixed to the transformer 201 by the winding pin 205. The monolithic slip ring part 33 is provided with an insulating holder 207 on which the conducting strip 204 is arranged and secured by a nut 206. In the single slip ring component 33, the transformer element 201 is arranged on the transmission shaft 14, and the insulating fixed seat 207 is arranged on the motor connecting shell 11 and fixed. At this time, when the motor 32 works, the mandrel is integrated with the transmission shaft 14 and is provided with the conducting ring 203, and when the motor 32 works, the shell is integrated with the motor connecting shell 11 and is provided with the conducting strip 204. The conductive ring 203 and the conductive sheet 204 rotate with each other to transmit the electric signal.

Introduction of the working principle:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the upper joint member 101 is fixed to an upper instrument, the upper instrument is fixed by an anchor, the upper joint member 101 is fixedly connected to a spindle rotor of the power structure 104, and a housing of the power structure 104 is fixedly connected to the rotary housing 102. When the power structure 104 is energized, it begins to rotate. A transmitting unit 106 is arranged at the lower end of the power structure 104 for transmitting signals, an orientation reference unit 108 for receiving signals, and an orientation locking unit 109 for receiving signals and comparing with the orientation reference unit 108 to determine the position of the optical cable outside the casing.

The upper transmission shaft 4 is mechanically and electrically connected with an upper instrument. The upper instrument string passes through the anchoring device and is fixed. At this time, the upper rotating shaft 4 is connected with the transmission shaft 14 by screw threads, and the transmission shaft 14 is connected with the spindle rotor of the dc motor 32, so that the spindle of the dc motor 32 is integrated with the upper rotating shaft 4. The housing of the motor 32 is fixed on the motor housing 18, and the motor housing 18 is fixed on the motor connecting housing 11, and the upper end is connected in the bearing housing 5, and the lower end is connected in the outer housing 31, as a whole.

When the dc motor 32 is rotated by power supply, the upper rotating shaft 4 and the outer housing 31 are rotated with each other. The signal transmitting means 44 in the housing 31 transmits an electromagnetic wave signal, and the signal reference means 47 receives the electromagnetic wave signal to perform determination. Meanwhile, the signal locking unit 55 also receives signals for judgment, and when the signal reference unit 47 is consistent with the signal locking unit 55, the position of the optical cable is determined and then the back side of the optical cable is subjected to perforation operation, so that the optical cable is prevented from being broken.

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art. The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The azimuth locking instrument for monitoring the position of the underground optical cable is characterized by comprising an upper joint part (101), a power structure (104), an emission unit (106) and an azimuth reference unit (108), wherein the upper joint part (101), the power structure (104), the emission unit (106) and the azimuth reference unit (108) are sequentially connected, a control element (105) is arranged in the power structure (104), and a signal processing circuit (107) is arranged on the control element (105); a rotary transformation element (103) is arranged between the upper connector part (101) and the power structure (104), the upper connector part (101), the power structure (104), the control element (105), the transmitting unit (106), the signal processing circuit (107), the orientation reference unit (108) and the orientation locking unit (109) are all arranged inside the shell (102), and the shell (102) is fixedly connected with the power structure (104).

2. An azimuth lock instrument for downhole optical cable position monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the upper joint part (101) comprises an upper rotating shaft (4), a backstop pad (3), an upper plug (2) and an upper protection cap (1); go up the one end of protective cap (1) and last axis of rotation (4) and connect, go up axis of rotation (4) and last protective cap (1) contact surface and all be provided with the hole, be provided with plug (2) in the hole, it fills up to go up to be provided with between protective cap (1) and last axis of rotation (4) stopping pad (3), the external diameter of stopping pad (3) is unanimous with the external diameter of last protective cap (1).

3. The azimuth locking instrument for monitoring the position of the underground optical cable according to claim 2, wherein the other end of the upper rotating shaft (4) is connected with the bearing housing (5), a centering spring (7) and a bearing backing ring (9) are arranged at the joint of the upper rotating shaft (4) and the bearing housing (5), first bearings (41) are arranged at two ends of the bearing backing ring (9), a retainer ring (38) is arranged at the tail end of the upper rotating shaft (4), and the first bearings (41) far away from the upper protective cap (1) are connected with the bearing pressing ring (10); the retainer ring (38) is connected with the bearing press ring (10).

4. An azimuth lock instrument for downhole optical cable position monitoring according to claim 2, wherein a through hole is arranged at the axis of the upper rotating shaft (4), and a conductive rod (8) is arranged in the through hole; one end of the conducting rod (8) is connected with the upper plug (2), and the tail end of the conducting rod (8) is provided with a banana plug (13); the upper rotating shaft (4) is connected with the transmission shaft (14), a shaft shoulder is arranged on the transmission shaft (14), and two second bearings (37) are respectively arranged on two sides of the shaft shoulder; one end of one of the second bearings is connected with the bearing shell (5), one end of the other second bearing is connected with the motor connecting shell (11), the motor connecting shell (11) is connected with the bearing shell (5), and a jackscrew (40) is arranged between the motor connecting shell (11) and the bearing shell (5).

5. An azimuth lock for downhole cable position monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the power structure (104) comprises a drive shaft (14), a coupling (15), a motor (32) and a heat sink (17); the transmission shaft (14) is connected with a motor (32) through a coupling (15), the motor (32) is connected with the transmission shaft (14) through a mandrel arranged in the motor (32), the motor (32) is connected with a motor connecting shell (11), a cooling fin (17) is arranged outside the motor (32), a motor shell (18) is arranged outside the cooling fin (17), and the cooling fin (17) is arranged between the motor connecting shell (11) and the motor shell (18).

6. An azimuth lock instrument for monitoring the position of an optical fiber cable underground according to claim 5, wherein, a plug (30) is arranged at one end of the motor casing (18) far away from the upper protective sleeve (1), and a plug pressing block (28) is arranged at the lower end of the plug (30); plug briquetting (28) lower extreme is provided with complex socket briquetting (27) with it, socket briquetting (27) and socket (25) are connected, socket (25) set up on circuit skeleton (45), circuit skeleton (45) and motor housing (18) are connected, one side of circuit skeleton (45) is provided with circuit board and motor drive (24).

7. An azimuth lock instrument for cable position monitoring downhole as claimed in claim 1, wherein a signal transmitting unit (44) is arranged in the transmitting unit (106); the signal processing circuit (107) comprises a signal receiving circuit framework (46) and a signal reference unit (47); the azimuth reference unit (108) comprises an azimuth locking unit (109), and a signal locking unit (55) is arranged in the azimuth locking unit (109); the signal transmitting unit (44) is arranged at the end part of the circuit framework (45), the circuit framework (45) is connected with the signal receiving circuit framework (46), the signal receiving circuit framework (46) is provided with a signal reference unit (47), and the signal locking unit (55) is arranged on the signal receiving circuit framework (46); the signal receiving circuit framework (46) is provided with holes and grooves.

8. An azimuth lock instrument for downhole optical cable position monitoring according to claim 7, wherein the signal receiving circuit skeleton (46) is connected with one end of a lower joint body (48), the other end of the lower joint body (48) is connected with a lower protective cap (49), and a lower socket (51) is arranged in the lower joint body (48).

9. An azimuth lock for downhole cable position monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the rotating trans-transforming element (103) comprises a monolithic slip ring member (33); the single slip ring component (33) is arranged on the transmission shaft (14), the single slip ring component (33) is arranged to be of a cylindrical structure, the single slip ring component (33) comprises an insulating baffle ring (202), a conducting ring (203) and a transformation element (201), the conducting ring (203) is arranged on the outer side of the cylindrical structure in a surrounding mode, the transformation element (201) is arranged in the conducting ring (203), the insulating baffle ring (202) is arranged on the periphery of the conducting ring (203), the insulating baffle ring (202) is arranged on the transformation element (201) through a rolling pin (205), an insulating fixing seat (207) is arranged on one side of the cylindrical structure, a conducting plate (204) is arranged on the insulating fixing seat (207), and the insulating fixing seat (207) and the motor connecting shell (11) are connected and arranged.

10. An azimuth lock instrument for downhole cable position monitoring according to claim 9, wherein an upper split ring (35) is connected to an outer side wall of the motor connection housing (11), a lower split ring (52) is arranged on the lower joint body (48), and both the upper split ring (35) and the lower split ring (52) are in threaded connection with the outer housing (31).

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