CN114736896A - Method for improving light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigment by utilizing slow photon effect of photonic crystal - Google Patents
Method for improving light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigment by utilizing slow photon effect of photonic crystal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: preparing photonic crystal hydrogel with blue edge or red edge of photonic band gap matched with ultraviolet-visible absorption peak of photosynthetic pigment of algae, and combining the algae with the surface of the photonic crystal hydrogel by utilizing electrostatic interaction to form algae/photonic crystal assembly. The method of the present invention can raise the photosynthesis efficiency of algae by 100%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to biotechnology, in particular to a method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals.
Background
Photosynthesis is the "most important chemical reaction on earth", provides the energy and material sources necessary for life activities, and maintains the carbon-oxygen balance of the ecosystem. Improving the photosynthesis efficiency is beneficial to increasing the biomass yield, accelerating the carbon dioxide emission reduction and resource utilization, and is internationally recognized as the most direct, effective and environmentally-friendly method for solving the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Light energy absorption is a prerequisite and original driving force for photosynthesis, and is a key factor determining the efficiency of photosynthesis. However, in practice the photopolymerically effective radiation, i.e. the spectral components of the sunlight which are effective for plant photosynthesis, is only 48.7% of the incident solar energy. Therefore, improving the light-capturing efficiency of photosynthetic pigments, especially improving the utilization rate of the photosynthetic pigments to the weak absorption band, is one of the most direct and effective methods for improving the efficiency of photosynthesis. The traditional method mainly utilizes fluorescent dyes such as conjugated polymers, quantum dots, aggregation-induced emission molecules and the like as artificial antenna pigments or utilizes genetic engineering means to modify photosynthetic pigments and related proteins so as to improve the light energy utilization rate. However, dye molecules all face the problem of photobleaching. With the prolonging of the illumination time, the molecular structure is changed, and the action effect is gradually weakened. The operation of the genetic engineering method is complex, and the biological safety problem caused by artificially introducing new genes is an unknown hidden danger.
In tropical rainforests, a begonia plant with brilliant blue leaves lives, and basal granule thylakoids of the begonia plant are in a photonic crystal structure which is periodically arranged. Researches show that the thylakoid body with the special structure remarkably enhances the absorption of the begonia on green light and red light, and improves the photosynthesis efficiency by 5-10%. The teachers and the laws are natural, the structural design of the begonia in nature is used as inspiration, and the method for effectively and feasibly improving the photosynthesis efficiency of the plants by utilizing the photonic crystal structural color material to improve the light energy utilization rate is provided. However, no relevant studies have been reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals.
The technical scheme is as follows: the method for improving the light energy utilization rate of the photosynthetic pigment by utilizing the slow photon effect of the photonic crystal comprises the following steps of: preparing photonic crystal hydrogel with blue edge or red edge of photonic band gap matched with ultraviolet-visible absorption peak of photosynthetic pigment of algae, and combining the algae with the surface of the photonic crystal hydrogel by utilizing electrostatic interaction to form algae/photonic crystal assembly.
Further, the preparation method of the photonic crystal hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing monodisperse nanoparticles;
(2) preparing a photonic crystal hydrogel: and (3) mixing the monodisperse polymethyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate nanoparticle aqueous solution, the cross-linking agent and the photosensitizer, oscillating until the aqueous solution presents a bright structural color, and irradiating by using an ultraviolet light source to prepare the photonic crystal hydrogel.
Further, the monodisperse nanoparticles may be, but are not limited to: polymethyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles and polystyrene nanoparticles.
Further, the crosslinking agent may be, but is not limited to: polyethylene glycol diacrylate, acrylamide/N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide.
Further, the photosensitizer may be, but is not limited to: 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methylpropiophenone, 2, 4, 6 (trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, alpha-hydroxyisobutyrophenone, lithium phenyl (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphate
Further, the algal plant may be, but is not limited to: chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Nostoc, Anabaena.
The photonic crystal hydrogel with the blue edge or the red edge of the photonic band gap matched with the ultraviolet-visible absorption peak of the photosynthetic pigment of the algae plant, which is prepared by the invention, utilizes the electrostatic interaction to combine the algae plant to the surface of the photonic crystal hydrogel to form the algae/photonic crystal assembly.
The reasons why the method of the present invention can improve the photosynthesis efficiency of algal plants may be: when sunlight irradiates the algae/photonic crystal assembly, photons with energy falling on the blue edge or the red edge of the photonic band gap can greatly slow down the group speed due to the action of the slow photon effect, and the interaction time of the photosynthetic pigment of the algae and the photons is prolonged, so that the absorption of the photosynthetic pigment to the photons is obviously enhanced, and further the photosynthetic efficiency is obviously improved.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method of the present invention can raise the photosynthesis efficiency of algae by 100%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photonic crystal reflectance spectrum and a Chlorella pyrenoidosa UV-visible absorption spectrum;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between oxygen release amount and time of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under white light irradiation;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the oxygen release amount of Chlorella pyrenoidosa after irradiation of different monochromatic lights for 10 minutes;
FIG. 4 is a graph of carbon sequestration rates for Chlorella pyrenoidosa under white light illumination;
FIG. 5 photonic crystal hydrogel-Chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly lipid content test.
Detailed Description
In the following examples of the present invention,
chlorella pyrenoidosa was purchased from institute of aquatic organisms, academy of sciences, China.
BG-11 cultures were purchased from institute of aquatic organisms, academy of sciences, China.
UV-visible absorption Spectroscopy testing was performed on a UV-visible spectrophotometer (from JASCO, model V-550).
Reflectance spectrum testing was performed on a fiber optic spectrometer (available from Ocean Optics)
The oxygen evolution activity test was performed on a clark liquid phase oxygen electrode (available from Hanshatech, model number Chlorolab-2).
The carbon sequestration activity test was performed on a portable photosynthesizer (purchased from Hanspatech, model number CIRAS-3).
The remaining chemical and biological agents are commercially available.
Example 1
This example illustrates the preparation of monodisperse polymethylmethacrylate-butylacrylate nanoparticles:
3mL of methyl methacrylate, 3mL of butyl acrylate, 0.2g of acrylamide, 0.2mL of acrylic acid, 50. mu.L of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 60mL of ultrapure water were mixed in a 100mL three-necked flask, stirred, and heated to 90 ℃ with introduction of nitrogen. Then, 4mL of an aqueous solution containing 180mg of ammonium persulfate and 5mg of sodium styrenesulfonate was added. The reaction was carried out for 8h, the temperature was returned to room temperature, and the obtained nanoparticles were washed 3 times with ultrapure water. Finally, the nanoparticles were dispersed in 20mL of ultrapure water.
Example 2
This example illustrates the preparation of a photonic crystal hydrogel:
1mL of monodisperse polymethyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate nanoparticle aqueous solution (the particle diameter is 125nm) is used as colloidal particles, 50 mu L of polyethylene glycol diacrylate is used as a cross-linking agent, 10 mu g of 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl propiophenone is used as a photosensitizer, the materials are uniformly mixed, the mixture is vibrated until the aqueous solution presents bright structural color, and then a 365nm ultraviolet light source irradiates for 3 minutes to prepare the photonic crystal hydrogel. The volume fraction of the colloid particles is adjusted to adjust the photon band gap of the prepared photonic crystal, namely the wavelength of a reflection peak. The reflectance spectrum and the chlorella pyrenoidosa uv-visible absorption spectrum are shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, photonic crystal hydrogels having reflection peaks at 430nm (blue), 550nm (green) and 670nm (red), respectively, were prepared. Wherein, the red edges of the blue and red photonic crystal photonic band gaps are respectively matched with two absorption peaks of the chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the green photonic crystal photonic band gap is positioned in the weakest absorption waveband of the chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Example 3
This example serves to illustrate the preparation of unassembled hydrogels:
1mL of monodisperse polymethyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate nanoparticle aqueous solution (the particle diameter is 125nm) is used as colloidal particles, 50 mu L of polyethylene glycol diacrylate is used as a cross-linking agent, and 10 mu g of 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl propiophenone is used as a photosensitizer, and the materials are uniformly mixed and stirred to enable the solution to be white. Then, the hydrogel was irradiated with 365nm ultraviolet light for 3 minutes. The nano particles in the hydrogel are not orderly assembled, so that the hydrogel cannot present structural color and is used as a control group of subsequent experiments.
Example 4
This example illustrates the preparation of a photonic crystal hydrogel-Chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly:
soaking the photonic crystal hydrogel in a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt aqueous solution (mass volume fraction is 1%) overnight to fully combine the hydrogel with the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt. The photonic crystal hydrogel was washed with ultrapure water to remove unbound chitosan quaternary ammonium salt. Then, the photonic crystal hydrogel was soaked in chlorella pyrenoidosa (OD)6801.0) and overnight to allow the chlorella pyrenoidosa to bind well to the hydrogel. The water gel was washed with BG-11 medium to remove unbound Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Example 5
This example is presented to illustrate the testing of oxygen evolution activity of photonic crystal hydrogel-Chlorella pyrenoidosa assemblies under white light irradiation:
and (4) carrying out electrode oxygen release activity test by using a liquid-phase oxygen measuring system. The photonic crystal hydrogel-chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly was placed vertically in an oxygen electrode reaction chamber, and 1mL of BG-11 culture solution and 20 μ L of aqueous sodium carbonate solution (0.1mM) were added. Nitrogen gas was purged into the reaction chamber for 15 minutes to remove dissolved oxygen. Then, at 25 ℃, 1000. mu. mol m-2s-1Oxygen release was measured under white light irradiation. The relationship between the oxygen release amount of chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on three photonic crystals and the time under the irradiation of white light is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, after ten minutes of light irradiation, the oxygen release amount of the chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on the unassembled hydrogel was 54.48nmol, and the oxygen release amount of the chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on the green photonic crystal hydrogel was 59.63nmol, which is substantially consistent with the control group, indicating that the green photonic crystal with mismatched photonic band gap has no substantial influence on the photosynthesis efficiency of the chlorella pyrenoidosa. Oxygen release amounts of the chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on the blue photonic crystal hydrogel and the red photonic crystal hydrogel respectively reach 96.02nmol and 91.98nmol, which are respectively increased by 76% and 69% compared with a control group, and the result shows that the blue photonic crystal and the red photonic crystal with red edges matched with the absorption peak of the photosynthetic pigment obviously accelerate the photosynthesis rate of the chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Example 6
This example is intended to illustrate the testing of the oxygen evolution activity of the photonic crystal hydrogel-Chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly under irradiation with different monochromatic lights:
the photonic crystal hydrogel-chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly was placed vertically in an oxygen electrode reaction chamber, and 2mL of BG-11 culture solution and 20 μ L of sodium carbonate aqueous solution (0.1mM) were added. Nitrogen gas was purged into the reaction chamber for 15 minutes to remove dissolved oxygen. Then, at 25 ℃ at 1000. mu. mol m, respectively-2s-1Testing oxygen release amount under irradiation of monochromatic light of 420nm, 430nm, 440nm, 450nm, 500nm, 600nm, 660nm, 670nm, 680nm and 690 nm. The oxygen release within 10 minutes of the modification of chlorella pyrenoidosa on unassembled hydrogel, blue photonic crystal hydrogel and red photonic crystal hydrogel under irradiation with different monochromatic light is shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the chlorella pyrenoidosa modified with blue photonic crystals (430nm) has significantly improved oxygen evolution activity under irradiation of monochromatic light of 420nm, 430nm and 440nm, as compared to chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on unassembled hydrogel. The chlorella pyrenoidosa modified in the red photonic crystal (670nm) has obviously improved oxygen release activity under the irradiation of 660nm, 670nm and 680nm monochromatic light. The slow photon effect of the photonic crystal can improve the light energy utilization rate of the photosynthetic pigment, so that the photosynthesis speed is accelerated.
Example 7
This example is presented to illustrate the carbon fixation activity of a photonic crystal hydrogel-Chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly under white light irradiation:
putting the photonic crystal hydrogel-chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly into a reaction chamber of an algae photosynthetic determination module, adding 9mL BG-11 culture solution, tightly plugging a wood plug of the reaction chamber and ensuring that an air inlet on the wood plug is immersed below the liquid level. And an air inlet on the photosynthetic measurement module is connected with an air inlet on the left side of the leaf chamber of the main machine of the photosynthetic apparatus, and an air outlet on the photosynthetic measurement module is connected with an air outlet on the right side of the leaf chamber of the main machine of the photosynthetic apparatus after being connected with the water-steam balancing pipe. The gas flow rate was set at 200cc/min and the temperature was room temperature. At 1000. mu. mol m-2s-1Carbon fixation rates of chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on three photonic crystals were tested under white light irradiation, and the results are shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from the view in figure 4,carbon fixation rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on unassembled hydrogel was 5.03nmol CO2min-1The oxygen release amount of the chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on the green photonic crystal hydrogel is 5.44nmol CO2min-1And the crystal is basically consistent with a control group, which shows that the green photonic crystal with mismatched photonic band gap has no influence on the photosynthesis efficiency of the chlorella pyrenoidosa. The oxygen release amount of the chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on the blue photonic crystal hydrogel and the red photonic crystal hydrogel respectively reaches 9.42nmol CO2min-1And 8.59nmol CO2min-1The photosynthetic rate of the chlorella pyrenoidosa is remarkably accelerated by the blue photonic crystal and the red photonic crystal which have red edges matched with the absorption peak of the photosynthetic pigment, wherein the red edges of the blue photonic crystal and the red photonic crystal are respectively increased by 87 percent and 71 percent compared with a control group.
Example 8
This example serves to illustrate the photonic crystal hydrogel-Chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly lipid content test:
the photonic crystal hydrogel-Chlorella pyrenoidosa assembly was incubated with BG-11 medium in a light incubator (temperature: 25 ℃, light intensity: 1500lx, light/dark: 12 hours/12 hours) for 30 days. The assembly was removed and soaked overnight in 20mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) to disrupt the electrostatic interaction and detach Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The solution was centrifuged at 6000rpm for 3min to collect the precipitate. The precipitate was dried in an oven (85 ℃, 12 hours). The dried Chlorella pyrenoidosa is placed in a desiccator to be cooled and weighed (M)1). Soaking Chlorella pyrenoidosa dry powder in ether for 12 hr, and extracting with Soxhlet extractor for 6 hr. The sample is dried and weighed (M)2). The lipid content was calculated as: (M)1-M2)/M1X 100%, the results are shown in FIG. 5.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the lipid content of chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on the unassembled hydrogel was 17.5%, the lipid content of chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on the green photonic crystal hydrogel was 18.3%, and the lipid content of chlorella pyrenoidosa modified on the blue photonic crystal and red photonic crystal hydrogels was 22.4% and 21.8%, respectively, indicating that the improvement in photosynthesis efficiency resulted in an increase in biomass yield.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing photonic crystal hydrogel with blue edge or red edge of photonic band gap matched with ultraviolet-visible absorption peak of photosynthetic pigment of algae, and combining the algae with the surface of the photonic crystal hydrogel by utilizing electrostatic interaction to form algae/photonic crystal assembly.
2. The method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the photonic crystal hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing monodisperse nano particles;
(2) preparing a photonic crystal hydrogel: and (3) mixing the monodisperse polymethyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate nanoparticle aqueous solution, the cross-linking agent and the photosensitizer, oscillating until the aqueous solution presents a bright structural color, and irradiating by using an ultraviolet light source to prepare the photonic crystal hydrogel.
3. The method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the monodisperse nano particles are polymethyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate nano particles, silicon dioxide nano particles or polystyrene nano particles.
4. The method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cross-linking agent is polyethylene glycol diacrylate, acrylamide or N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide.
5. The method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the photosensitizer is 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl propiophenone, 2, 4, 6 (trimethylbenzoyl) diphenyl phosphine oxide, alpha-hydroxyisobutyrophenone or lithium phenyl (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphate.
6. The method for improving the light energy utilization rate of photosynthetic pigments by utilizing the slow photon effect of photonic crystals as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the algae plant is Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Nostoc or Anabaena.
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