CN114728474A - 拼接方法和设备 - Google Patents

拼接方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114728474A
CN114728474A CN202080077550.7A CN202080077550A CN114728474A CN 114728474 A CN114728474 A CN 114728474A CN 202080077550 A CN202080077550 A CN 202080077550A CN 114728474 A CN114728474 A CN 114728474A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
tape
length
overlapping
pressure
support surface
Prior art date
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Pending
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CN202080077550.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
D·芬奇
C·道森
W·考德威尔-巴尔
M·阿尔-祖拜迪
A·明察斯
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Baker Hughes Energy Technology UK Ltd
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Baker Hughes Energy Technology UK Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of CN114728474A publication Critical patent/CN114728474A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/566Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally for making tubular articles followed by compression
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/581Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using sheets or strips consisting principally of plastics material
    • B29C53/582Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using sheets or strips consisting principally of plastics material comprising reinforcements, e.g. wires, threads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C53/8008Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations specially adapted for winding and joining
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C53/8008Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations specially adapted for winding and joining
    • B29C53/8041Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C53/84Heating or cooling
    • B29C53/845Heating or cooling especially adapted for winding and joining
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/081Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30Electrical means
    • B29C65/305Electrical means involving the use of cartridge heaters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7832Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the overlap between the parts to be joined, e.g. the overlap between sheets, plates or web-like materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8215Tensile tests
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/004Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0042Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0222Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping without removal of material, e.g. cleaning by air blowing or using brushes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/341Measures for intermixing the material of the joint interlayer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B29C66/3472General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/81421General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
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    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B29C66/81435General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping
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Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种制造用于从海底位置输送流体的柔性管的铠装层的方法和设备。该方法包括卷绕第一长度的复合带以形成该铠装层的第一区段,以及将该第一长度的复合带的端部区域定位在第二长度的复合带的端部区域上以形成重叠带区段。向该重叠带区段施加热和压力以形成所接合的重叠带区段,其中该第一长度的带接合到该第二长度的带,使得所接合的重叠带区段具有至少11MPa的搭接剪切强度。卷绕所接合的重叠带区段和该第二长度的复合带以形成该铠装层的第二区段。

Description

拼接方法和设备
本发明涉及拼接方法和设备。具体地但非排他地,本发明涉及用于在制造用于从海底位置输送流体的柔性管期间,通过重叠来拼接复合带的两端的方法和设备。
传统上,柔性管用于将采出液诸如油和/或气和/或水从一个位置输送到另一个位置。柔性管具体地讲可用于将海底位置(其可以是深海)连接到海平面位置。管可具有通常高达约0.6米的内径(例如,直径可在0.05m至高达0.6m的范围内)。柔性管通常形成为柔性管主体和一个或多个端部接头的组件。管主体通常形成为层状材料的组合,该层状材料的组合形成承压导管。管结构允许大的挠曲,而不会引起会在其寿命期间损害管的功能的弯曲应力。管主体通常被构建成包括多个层的组合结构,该多个层包括以下项中的至少一项:聚合物层、金属层和复合层。例如,管主体可包括聚合物层和金属层,或聚合物层和复合材料层,或聚合物层、金属层和复合材料层。
API推荐做法17B为用于陆上、海底和海洋应用的柔性管和柔性管系统的设计、分析、制造、测试、安装和操作提供指导。
标题为“Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe”的API规范17J定义了安全的、在尺寸和功能上可互换的柔性管的技术要求,这些柔性管被设计和制造成统一的标准和准则。
在许多已知的柔性管设计中,管主体包括一个或多个压力铠装层。此类层上的主要载荷由径向力形成。压力铠装层通常具有特定的横截面轮廓以互锁,以便能够保持和吸收由管上的外部或内部压力产生的径向力。因此防止管因压力而塌缩或破裂的卷绕线的横截面轮廓有时称为耐压轮廓。当压力铠装层由形成环箍部件的螺旋卷绕线形成时,来自外部或内部压力对管的径向力导致环箍部件膨胀或收缩,从而在线上施加拉伸载荷。
在许多已知的柔性管设计中,管主体包括一个或多个拉伸铠装层。此类层上的主要载荷为张力。在高压应用中,诸如在深水环境和超深水环境中,拉伸铠装层经历来自内部压力端盖载荷和柔性管的自支撑重量的组合的高张力载荷。这可能导致柔性管中的失效,因为此类条件会在长时间段内经历。
非粘结柔性管已被用于深水(小于3,300英尺(1,005.84米)和超深水(大于3,300英尺)的开发。对于需在越来越大的深度进行勘探的石油的需求日益增长,其中环境因素变得越来越极端。例如,在此类深水环境和超深水环境中,洋底温度增加了采出液冷却至可导致管堵塞的温度的风险。增加的深度还增加了与柔性管必须在其中操作的环境相关联的压力。例如,可能需要柔性管以作用于管上的0.1MPa至30MPa范围内的外部压力操作。同样,输送油、气或水可很好地产生从内部作用于柔性管上的高压,例如作用于管上的来自井筒流体的零至140MPa范围内的内部压力。因此,增加了对于柔性管主体的层的高性能水平的需求。
柔性管也可用于浅水应用(例如,深度小于约500米)或甚至用于海岸(陆上)应用。
改善铠装层的载荷响应并因此改善铠装层的性能的一种方法是由更厚且更坚固并因此更稳固的材料制造层。例如,对于其中层通常由卷绕线形成并且层中的相邻卷绕互锁的压力铠装层,由较粗材料制造线导致强度相应地增加。然而,随着使用的材料更多,柔性管的重量增加。最终,柔性管的重量可成为使用柔性管时的限制因素。另外,使用越来越厚的材料制造柔性管大大增加了材料成本,这也是缺点。
因此,一些柔性管设计包括由复合材料形成的一个或多个压力铠装层或拉伸铠装层。复合压力铠装层或拉伸铠装层通常由螺旋卷绕的复合带形成。复合带以离散的长度提供,并且因此,有必要将各长度的复合带接合在一起,以在柔性管的整个长度上形成连续的压力铠装层或螺旋拉伸铠装层。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种制造用于从海底位置输送流体的柔性管的铠装层的方法,该方法包括:
卷绕第一长度的复合带以形成铠装层的第一区段;
将第一长度的复合带的端部区域定位在第二长度的复合带的端部区域上以形成重叠带区段,并且向重叠带区段施加热和压力以形成所接合的重叠带区段,其中第一长度的带接合到第二长度的带,使得所接合的重叠带区段具有至少11MPa的搭接剪切强度;以及
卷绕所接合的重叠带区段和第二长度的复合带以形成铠装层的第二区段。
根据本公开的一个方面,提供了一种拼接复合带的方法,该复合带用在用于从海底位置运输流体的柔性管中,该方法包括:
将第一长度的带的端部区域定位在第二长度的带的端部上以形成重叠带区段,并且向重叠带区段施加热和压力以形成所接合的重叠带区段,其中第一长度的带接合到第二长度的带,使得所接合的重叠带区段具有至少11MPa的搭接剪切强度。
适当地,经由包括支承表面的至少一个压板向重叠带区段施加热和压力中的至少一者。
适当地,在重叠带区段上均匀地施加热和压力中的至少一者。
适当地,在重叠带区段上不均匀地施加热和压力中的至少一者。
适当地,横跨或沿着重叠带区段不均匀地施加热和压力中的至少一者。
适当地,沿着重叠带区段的长度从重叠带区段的第一端部到重叠带区段的第二端部逐渐施加热和压力中的至少一者。
适当地,经由至少一个辊向重叠带区段施加热和压力中的至少一者。
适当地,施加热和压力包括在与开始施加压力不同的时间开始施加热。
适当地,施加热和压力包括在开始施加热之前开始施加压力。
适当地,清洁第一端部区域和第二端部区域。
适当地,该方法还包括监测所施加的热或所施加的压力中的至少一者。
适当地,该方法还包括响应于该监测,控制所施加的热或所施加的压力中的至少一者。
适当地,该方法还包括在形成重叠带区段之前,对第一长度的带或第二长度的带中的至少一者的端部区域进行预热。
适当地,该方法还包括使重叠带区段振动。
适当地,使重叠带区段振动包括向重叠带区段施加超声范围振动。
适当地,重叠带区段被横向和/或纵向振动。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种拼接复合带的方法,该复合带用在用于从海底位置运输流体的柔性管中,该方法包括:
将第一长度的带的端部区域定位在第二长度的带的端部上以形成重叠带区段,并且向重叠带区段施加热和压力以形成所接合的重叠带区段,其中第一长度的带接合到第二长度的带。
重叠带区段可任选地被构造成使得重叠带区段的搭接剪切强度为至少11MPa。
适宜地,本发明的第二方面可包括上文相对于第一方面描述的任何特征结构。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供了一种用于拼接复合带的设备,该复合带用在用于从海底位置输送流体的柔性管中,该设备包括:
第一支承表面;
第二支承表面,该第二支承表面被设置成与第一支承表面相对;
加热器,该加热器被构造成加热第一支承表面与第二支承表面之间的区域;
其中第一支承表面和第二支承表面能够相对于彼此移动,从而在第一长度的带和第二长度的带被定位在两者间时,向第一长度的带和第二长度的带的端部区域施加压缩力。
适当地,第一支承表面被构造用于支撑第一长度的带的端部区域。
适当地,第二支承表面被构造用于支撑第二长度的带的端部区域。
适当地,第一支承表面或第二支承表面中的至少一者包括基本上平坦的表面。
适当地,第一支承表面或第二支承表面中的至少一者包括弯曲的或圆形的支承表面。
适当地,第一支承表面或第二支承表面中的至少一者包括耐热的不粘表面。
适当地,第一支承表面或第二支承表面中的至少一者包括多个脊或起伏。
适当地,该设备还包括第一压板,该第一压板包括第一支承表面。
适当地,该设备还包括第二压板,该第二压板包括第二支承表面。
适当地,第一支承表面和第二支承表面中的至少一者包括从其延伸的至少一个纵向引导件。
适当地,支承表面中的至少一个支承表面被构造成振动。
适当地,支承表面中的至少一个支承表面被构造成以超声频率振动。
适当地,支承表面中的至少一个支承表面被构造成横向和/或纵向振动。
根据本发明的第四方面,提供了用于拼接复合带的第三方面的设备的用途,该复合带用在用于从海底位置输送流体的柔性管中。
应当理解,可使用相对于第三方面描述的任何设备特征结构来执行根据第一方面和第二方面的方法。
本发明的某些实施方案提供的优点是,与通过先前已知的拼接方法实现的接合相比,复合带的离散区段之间的接合可具有改进的强度。
本发明的某些实施方案提供的优点是,与先前已知的拼接方法相比,可更好地控制两个离散长度的复合带的拼接。例如,本发明的某些实施方案允许存储带拼接参数,因此允许在整个制造过程中重复相同的接合。
与先前已知的拼接方法相比,本发明的某些实施方案允许拼接方法的改进的准确性和可重复性。这使得每个接合的强度一致。拼接接合的可重复性确保了在不断裂的情况下带从卷轴传递到接触点所需的带强度得到满足。
下文参考附图进一步描述本发明的实施方案,其中:
图1示出了柔性管主体;
图2示出了立管组件;
图3示出了示例性复合带拼接设备的透视图;
图4a示出图3的复合带拼接设备的平面图;
图4b示出图4a的复合带拼接设备的一部分;
图5a示出了第一示例的压板的侧视图;
图5b示出了图5a的压板的前视图;
图6示出了另一个示例的压板的侧视图;
图7a示出了又一个示例的压板的侧视图;
图7b示出了图7a的压板的前视图;
图8a示出了另一个示例的压板的侧视图;
图8b示出了图8a的压板的前视图;
图9a示出了压板和辊的侧视图;
图9b示出了图9a的压板和辊的前视图;
图10示出了拼接复合带的方法的流程图;
图11a示出了第一长度的带和第二长度的带的定位;
图11b示出了在施加热和压力期间的第一长度的带和第二长度的带;以及
图12示出了相对于生产线就位的拼接设备。
在附图中,类似的附图标号指代类似的部件。
如本文所用,提及了重叠带区段的“搭接剪切强度”。该术语用于描述当在单搭接试样上测试时粘结材料的剪切强度,通常根据ASTM D5868测试。
在整个说明书中,将参考柔性管。应当理解,柔性管是管主体的一部分和一个或多个端部接头的组件,管主体的相应端部终止于所述一个或多个端部接头的每个端部接头中。图1示出了根据一个实施方案的如何由形成承压导管的层状材料的组合形成管主体100。尽管图1中示出了多个特定层,但应当理解,管主体广泛地适用于包括由多种可能的材料制成的两个或更多个层的同轴结构。例如,管主体可由聚合物层、金属层、复合材料层或不同材料的组合形成。还应当注意,层厚度仅为了进行示意性的说明而示出。如本文所用,术语“复合材料”用于广义地指由两种或更多种不同材料形成的材料,例如由基质材料和增强纤维形成的材料。
如图1所示,管主体包括任选的最内侧胎体层101。胎体提供可用作最内层的互锁构造,以完全或部分地防止内部压力护套102由于管减压、外部压力以及拉伸铠装压力和机械断裂载荷而塌缩。胎体层通常为例如由不锈钢形成的金属层。胎体层也可由复合材料、聚合物、或其他材料、或材料的组合形成。应当理解,某些实施方案适用于“平滑孔”操作(即,不具有胎体层)以及此类“粗糙孔”应用(具有胎体层)。
内部压力护套102用作流体保持层并且包括确保内部流体完整性的聚合物层。应当理解,该层本身可包括多个子层。应当理解,当使用任选的胎体层时,内部压力护套通常被本领域的技术人员称为阻挡层。在没有此类胎体的操作(所谓的光滑孔操作)中,内部压力护套可被称为衬里。
任选的压力铠装层103是增加柔性管对内部和外部压力以及机械断裂载荷的阻力的结构层。该层还在结构上支撑内部压力护套,并且通常可由以接近90°的布设角度卷绕的线材的互锁构造形成。压力铠装层通常为例如由碳钢形成的金属层。压力铠装层也可由复合材料、聚合物、或其他材料、或材料的组合形成。
柔性管主体还包括任选的第一拉伸铠装层105和任选的第二拉伸铠装层106。每个拉伸铠装层用于维持拉伸载荷和内部压力。拉伸铠装层通常由多个线形成(以赋予所述层强度),所述多个线位于内层上方并且以通常介于约10°至55°之间的布设角度沿管的长度螺旋卷绕。拉伸铠装层通常成对反向卷绕。拉伸铠装层通常为例如由碳钢形成的金属层。拉伸铠装层也可由复合材料、聚合物、或其他材料、或材料的组合形成。
所示的柔性管主体还包括任选的带材层104,所述任选的带材层有助于包含下面的层并且在某种程度上防止相邻层之间的磨损。带材层可为聚合物或复合材料或材料的组合。
柔性管主体通常还包括任选的绝缘层107和外部护套108,该外部护套包括用于保护管免受海水和其他外部环境的渗透、腐蚀、磨损和机械损坏的聚合物层。
每个柔性管包括至少一个部分(有时称为管主体100的区段或节段),以及位于柔性管的至少一个端部处的端部接头。端部接头提供在柔性管主体与连接器之间形成过渡部的机械装置。例如,如图1所示的不同管层终止于端部接头中,使得在柔性管与连接器之间传递载荷。
图2示出了适用于将采出液诸如油和/或气和/或水从海底位置201输送到浮动设施的立管组件200。例如,在图2中,海底位置201包括海底流动管线。柔性流动管线205包括全部或部分搁置在海床204上或掩埋在海床下面并用于静态应用的柔性管。浮动设施可以由平台和/或浮标或如图2所示的船202提供。立管组件200以柔性立管的形式提供,即,将船连接到海床设施的柔性管203。柔性管可位于柔性管主体的具有连接端部接头的区段中。
应当理解,存在不同类型的立管,如本领域的技术人员所熟知。实施方案可与任何类型的立管一起使用,诸如自由悬浮的立管(自由悬链线立管)、在一定程度上受限的立管(浮标、链条)、完全受限的立管或封闭在管(I管或J管)中。
图2也示出了如何将柔性管的部分用作流动管线205或跨接线。
图3和图4a示出了拼接设备300。设备300适用于拼接用在柔性管中的复合带,例如图1所示的柔性管100。即,设备300适于将离散长度的复合带接合在一起以形成连续长度的带。
连续长度的带可用于在柔性管100中形成一个或多个层。适宜地,连续长度的带可用于在柔性管100中形成至少一个铠装层。例如,连续长度的带可用于形成压力铠装层103和拉伸铠装层105中的至少一者。例如,可首先卷绕第一长度的复合带以形成铠装层的第一区段。第一区段可包括铠装层的单层的一部分或长度。第一长度的复合带可接合到第二长度的带以形成连续长度的带。然后可卷绕所接合的第二长度的带以形成铠装层的第二区段。第二区段可包括邻近第一区段的铠装层的单层的另一部分。应当理解,铠装层可包括如上文参考图1讨论的一个或多个层,其可通过复合带的进一步卷绕形成。
设备300包括第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304。第二支承表面304被设置成与第一支承表面302相对。第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304可被构造用于贴靠一定长度的复合带。因此,第一支承表面和第二支承表面可另选地被称为第一邻接表面302和第二邻接表面304。
在使用中,可将第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的端部区域定位在第一支承表面302与第二支承表面304之间,使得第一长度的带和第二长度的带的端部区域重叠。
在该示例中,第一压板322包括第一支承表面302,并且第二压板324包括第二支承表面304。
该设备还包括加热器,该加热器构造成加热第一支承表面302与第二支承表面304之间的区域316。在该示例中,加热器包括第一加热器盒330和第二加热器盒332。第一加热器盒330和第二加热器盒332被设置成分别邻近第一压板322和第二压板324,使得它们能够加热相应的压板。因此,第一压板322和第二压板324也用作加热板以加热设置在两者间的带316。
这样,第一加热器盒330和第二加热器盒332被构造成传导地加热相应的压板,压板继而传导地加热设置在两者间的带316。
适宜地,加热器盒和/或加热板可被构造成包括不同的加热区,使得可实现均匀的加热。每个加热区的温度可通过例如热电偶来监测和控制。
也可使用摩擦来实现加热。带可在两个支承板之间经受50Hz和10MHz频率之间的振动。适宜地,初始频率为从100Hz至300Hz。任选地,一旦已经产生足以开始熔融和移动基质聚合物的热,就可增加频率,向20,000Hz至10MHz的超声频率增加。当使用摩擦加热时,也可随时间推移增加或减小施加在支承表面之间的压力,以控制拼接位置处的粘结的程度和厚度。
第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304能够相对于彼此移动,使得当第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310定位在第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304之间时,可向它们的端部区域施加压缩力。即,在该示例中,包括第一支承表面302的第一压板322和包括第二支承表面的第二压板324能够相对于彼此移动,使得第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304能够朝向彼此移动。
在该示例中,第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304两者能够在基本垂直于支承表面302、304的方向上朝向和远离彼此移动。
在使用中,当第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304朝向彼此移动时,第一长度的带306的端部区域可贴靠(或抵靠)第一支承表面302,并且第二长度的带310的端部区域可贴靠(或抵靠)第二支承表面304。当支承表面移动得更靠近在一起时,第一支承表面302与第二支承表面304之间的区域316的宽度减小,并且第一长度的带306的端部区域将接触第二长度的带310的端部区域。第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304可随后向设置在两者间的第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的端部区域施加压缩力,从而将第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的端部区域压缩在一起。
支承表面302、304的位移可由任何合适的装置控制。在该示例中,支承表面中的每个支承表面的位移由气压缸340控制。用于控制支承表面的位移的其他合适的装置可包括例如液压缸。
图5a和图5b更详细地示出了第一压板322和第二压板324。如图所示,第一压板322包括第一支承表面302。第一支承表面302被构造成支撑第一长度的带306的端部区域308。
在该示例中,第一支承表面302的中心区域是基本上平面的,使得第一长度的带的端部区域308可定位在第一支承表面302上。此外,第一纵向引导件336和第二纵向引导件338从第一支承表面302延伸。第一纵向引导件336和第二纵向引导件338被构造成将第一长度的带306的端部区域308支撑和/或引导到位。在该示例中,纵向引导件336、338也构造成当定位在第一长度的带306的端部区域308上时,支撑或引导第二长度的带310的端部区域312。
在该示例中,第一纵向引导件336和第二纵向引导件338从第一支承表面302基本垂直地延伸。从支承表面302垂直测量的纵向引导件336、338的高度h适宜地等于或大于第一长度的带306的厚度。在该示例中,纵向引导件的高度h大于第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的总厚度。
第一纵向引导件336基本上平行于第二纵向引导件338。第一纵向引导件336适宜地与第二纵向引导件338间隔开基本上等于第一长度的带306的宽度的距离。
在该示例中,纵向引导件336、338形成第一压板322的相对的第一侧边缘部分和第二侧边缘部分的一部分。纵向引导件336、338可与第一压板322联接(例如,经由焊接),或可与第一压板322一体地形成。
第二压板324的横截面为基本上矩形。第二支承表面304为基本上平面的(即平坦的)。第二压板324被构造成使得其可被接纳在第一压板322的第一纵向引导件336与第二纵向引导件338之间。换句话讲,第二压板324的宽度小于或基本上等于第一纵向引导件336与第二纵向引导件338之间的距离。
这样,第二压板324可在第一纵向引导件336与第二纵向引导件338之间沿箭头A的方向朝向第一压板322移动,使得第二压板324的第二支承表面304可贴靠第二长度的带的端部区域312。第二压板324可随后向第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的端部区域308、312施加压缩力。
第一压板322和第二压板324可各自由金属形成,例如钢、或镍合金、或钛合金、或铝合金、或陶瓷、或陶瓷基质复合材料。适宜地,第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304中的至少一者包括耐热的不粘表面。在该示例中,第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304两者包括耐热的不粘表面。耐热的不粘表面可被形成为支承表面上的涂层,例如,包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层或陶瓷涂层或例如铝合金或钛合金上的硬质阳极氧化涂层。在其他示例中,第一压板322和第二压板324中的至少一者可由耐热的不粘材料形成,使得支承表面也是耐热的和不粘的。
图6示出了另一个示例性拼接设备600。设备600包括第一压板322,其基本上与上文相对于图5a和图5b描述的压板相同,并且将不再详细描述。
拼接设备还包括具有第二支承表面604的第二压板624。在该示例中,第二支承表面604包括多个脊6501-n。在该示例中,脊650中的每个脊沿着支承表面604的长度纵向延伸(即,在对应于带的纵向方向或长度的方向上)。在其他示例中,脊650可横向地延伸跨过支承表面604的宽度(即,在对应于带的横向方向或宽度的方向上)。
类似于上文相对于图5a和图5b描述的示例,第二压板624能够沿箭头A的方向朝向第一压板322移动,从而压缩第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310在第一支承表面302与第二支承表面604之间的端部区域。
作为多个脊650的替代形式,支承表面604可包括多个起伏或多个突起。多个脊、起伏或突起中的每一者可纵向地或横向地延伸跨过支承表面。
图7示出了另一个示例性拼接设备700。设备700包括第一压板322,其基本上与上文相对于图5a和图5b描述的压板相同,并且将不再详细描述。
设备700还包括第二压板724。第二压板724包括弯曲的(或圆形的)支承表面704。在该示例中,弯曲的支承表面704沿着第二压板724的长度弯曲。即,第二压板724被构造成使得第二压板724的侧横截面包括弯曲的支承表面704。如图7a所示,在该示例中,弯曲的支承表面704的形状为基本上弧形的。这样,第二压板704的高度向压板的中心部分增加。
在该示例中,第二压板724构造成沿箭头A的方向相对于第一压板322移动。即,第二压板724被构造成朝向第一压板302线性地移动,使得弯曲的支承表面定位在第一纵向引导件336与第二纵向引导件338之间。第二压板724的弯曲的支承表面704可贴靠第二长度的带的端部区域312。第二压板724可随后向第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的端部区域308、312施加压缩力。
由于弯曲的支承表面704,向第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310施加的压缩力是不均匀的,使得最大的压缩力施加在弯曲的支承表面704的中心区域(即第二压板724的高度最大的区域)。
图8a和图8b示出了另一个示例性拼接设备800。拼接设备800与上文相对于图7a和图7b描述的拼接设备基本上相同,但在该示例中,第二压板724被构造成相对于第一压板322线性地和旋转地移动。
在第一种情况下,第二压板724可被构造成使得弯曲的支承表面704的第一端部704a朝向第一压板322旋转,而弯曲的支承表面704的第二端部704b远离第一压板322旋转。
第二压板724被构造成沿箭头A的方向朝向第一压板322线性地移动,类似于上文相对于图7a和图7b描述的示例。然而,由于弯曲的支承表面704的第一端部704a朝向第一压板322旋转,因此弯曲的支承表面704的第一端部704a将是弯曲的支承表面704接触第二长度的带的端部区域的第一点。
与上文类似,第二压板724可随后向第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的端部区域施加压缩力。第二压板724可随后沿箭头B的方向相对于第一压板322旋转。旋转轴线适宜地位于第二压板724的中心部分,与限定弯曲的支承表面704的弧的中心成一直线。换句话讲,旋转轴线适宜地沿着包括弧形支承表面704的第二压板724的中心轴线。这样,可沿着第一长度的带和第二长度的带的重叠端部区域308、312从重叠区域的第一端部朝向重叠区域的第二端部逐渐施加压缩力。
图9a和图9b示出了拼接设备900的另选示例。第一压板322与在上面示例中描述的第一压板322基本上相同,并且为了简洁起见,将不再详细描述。
在该示例中,拼接设备900包括第一压板322和代替第二压板的辊924。辊924包括支承表面904。支承表面904是弯曲的或圆形的。在该示例中,支承表面904是辊924的外圆周表面。
该示例中的辊924是基本上圆柱形的。辊924具有中心纵向轴线,辊可围绕该中心纵向轴线旋转。辊924被构造成具有等于或大于第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的宽度的长度。适宜地,辊的长度基本上等于第一压板322的第一支承表面的宽度。例如,在第一压板322包括第一纵向引导件336和第二纵向引导件338(诸如相对于图5a和图5b描述的那些)的情况下,辊924的长度适宜地被构造成适配在第一纵向引导件和第二纵向引导件之间。
辊924被构造成围绕其中心纵向轴线旋转,并且沿箭头A的方向相对于第一压板324线性地平移。换句话讲,辊被构造成沿着第一支承表面302的长度滚动。
在使用中,可将第一长度的带和第二长度的带的端部区域定位在第一支承表面302上。辊924可随后在第一支承表面302上滚动,使得第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的端部区域被压缩在第一压板322的第一支承表面302与辊924的第二支承表面904之间。因此,可沿着第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的重叠区域的长度逐渐施加压缩力。
图10、图11a和图11b示出了接合用在柔性管中的复合带的示例性方法1000。应当理解,可使用本文所述的任何示例性拼接设备来执行本文所述的方法1000。
在方法1000中使用的复合带适宜地是包括嵌入在基质材料中的纵向延伸纤维的复合带。纤维适宜地沿着复合带的长度基本上连续地延伸。这样,当卷绕以在柔性管中形成层(例如,压力铠装层)时,纤维有助于在整个层中保持一致的环向强度。这种合适的带材料的示例可见于WO2018/060718。
在第一任选的步骤1001中,可清洁第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310中至少一者的端部区域。清洁端部区域可有助于在拼接过程中将各长度的带粘结在一起,并且可有助于形成更强的接合。
适宜地,清洁第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310中的至少一者的端部区域以去除或基本上去除任何污染物,例如灰尘、油脂、油、碎屑、纤维等。例如,可擦拭干净第一长度的带和第二长度的带的端部区域。例如,可用溶剂擦拭物、酒精擦拭物或水擦拭物中的一者或多者来擦拭端部区域。适宜地,擦拭物是无绒的,以有助于使留在带上的灰尘或纤维最小化。另选地,可使用(诸如购自Hielscher Ultrasonics的)连续的、半自动的或过程性的超声清洁系统来清洁一定长度的带。
应当理解,如本领域技术人员所知,可使用其他清洁方法从第一长度的带和第二长度的带的端部区域去除任何灰尘、碎屑、油脂和油。
在另一个任选的步骤1002中,可对第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310中的至少一者进行预热。可使用任何合适的加热设备进行预热。用于预热的加热设备可包括在拼接设备中,或者其可以是独立的预热设备。
在该示例中,使用独立的预热设备(未示出)对第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310进行预热。
在步骤1003处,将第一长度的带306的端部区域定位在第二长度的带310的端部区域上以形成重叠带区段1100。如上文所提及,在形成重叠带区段1100之前,可对第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的一个或两个端部区域进行清洁和/或预热。
在形成重叠带区段时,第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310中的每一者的端部区域对齐,使得各长度的带中的每一者的纵向纤维在基本上相同的方向上对齐。这样,可在整个接合处保持由纤维在带的纵向方向上提供的强度。
此外,第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310中的每一者的端部区域在横向方向上适宜地对齐,使得第一长度的带306的端部区域的整个表面与第二长度的带310的端部区域的整个表面重叠。
可通过使用诸如上述那些的第一纵向引导件336和第二纵向引导件338,来控制第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310的对齐。
在步骤1003中,可通过将各长度的带定位在拼接设备的一个或多个支承表面上来形成重叠带区段1100。例如,对于图5a和图5b的拼接设备,可将第一长度的带和第二长度的带两者定位在第一支承表面302上以形成重叠带区段。可类似地在本文所述的任何其他拼接设备中形成重叠带区段。
在步骤1004处,向重叠带区段1100施加热和压力以形成所接合的重叠带区段1102,其中第一长度的带306接合到第二长度的带310。所接合的重叠带区段1102被构造成具有至少11MPa的搭接剪切强度。
适宜地,可向重叠带区段1100的两侧施加热。即,可在重叠带区段1100处向第一长度的带306和第二长度的带310两者施加热。向重叠带区段的两侧施加热可有助于在整个重叠带区段中提供均匀的热分布,这可有助于加速接合过程并且提供具有均匀厚度的更均匀的接合。
在一个示例中,可在与施加压力不同的时间向重叠带区段施加热。例如,可首先向重叠带区段施加压力,并且随后可向重叠带区段施加热。
在一些示例中,热和压力的施加可以重叠。例如,可在与施加压力不同的时间开始施加热。在一个示例中,可在开始施加热之前开始施加压力。
该方法还可包括监测施加到重叠带区段的压力或热中的至少一者。例如,可使用压力传感器来监测施加到重叠区段的压力。压力传感器可向控制器提供反馈,该控制器可随后响应于所监测的压力,来控制所施加的压力(例如,通过控制拼接设备的一个或多个支承表面的相对移动)。
类似地,可使用温度传感器来监测施加到重叠带区段的温度。温度传感器也可向控制器提供反馈,该控制器可响应于所监测的温度,来控制所施加的热(例如,通过调节提供给加热器的功率)。
该方法还可包括向重叠带区段施加振动。这可采取超声范围振动的形式。例如,至少一个支承表面可以20,000Hz至10MHz的频率横向振动、纵向振动或同时横向和纵向振动。与聚合物的振动焊接过程不同,所述振动本身并不显著软化和接合基质材料的聚合物,然而在拼接过程期间,确实有助于增强纤维在软化的聚合物内的混合,并且这可有助于帮助两个带端部的纤维的混合以确保高性能拼接。也可使用较低频率的振动,例如低至约50Hz。然而,如果使用较低频率,可能需要更长的时间来完成拼接操作。
如上文所提及,可使用本文所述的任何示例性拼接设备来执行方法1000。因此,可经由包括支承表面的至少一个压板(例如包括支承表面302的图5a的压板322),向重叠带区段施加热和压力中的至少一者。
在一些示例中,可在重叠带区段上均匀地施加热和压力中的至少一者。例如,至少一个压板的支承表面可被构造成横跨重叠带区段基本上均匀地施加热和/或压力。
例如,如果使用图5a所示示例的设备,则可经由第一支承表面302和/或第二支承表面304施加热和压力。由于第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304的基本上平坦的构造,可向重叠带区段施加均匀的压力。类似地,第一支承表面302和第二支承表面304中的至少一者可被构造成横跨支承表面基本上均匀地施加热,以便基本上均匀地加热两者间的重叠带区段。
在其他示例中,可在重叠带区段上不均匀地施加热和压力中的至少一者。例如,至少一个压板的支承表面可被构造成横跨重叠带区段不均匀地施加热和/或压力。
例如,图6的拼接设备600包括第二支承表面604,该第二支承表面被构造成横跨重叠带区段不均匀地施加热和/或压力。在该示例中,多个脊650有助于向定位在第一支承表面与第二支承表面之间的重叠带区段提供不均匀的压力施加。与脊之间的谷相比,将在脊的峰处向重叠带区段施加更大的压力。
类似地,由于多个脊,在第二支承表面604被加热的情况下,支承表面604将不均匀地加热重叠带区段。
热和/或压力的不均匀施加可横跨或沿着重叠带区段不均匀地施加。例如,支承表面可被构造成沿着重叠带区段的长度或横跨重叠带区段的宽度不均匀地施加热和/或压力。
例如,图7a的示例中的弯曲的支承表面704被构造成沿着重叠带区段的长度不均匀地施加压力(和任选的热)。在该示例中,最大的压力被施加在重叠带区段的中心区域。
在其他示例中,可沿着重叠带区段的长度从重叠带区段的第一端部到重叠带区段的第二端部逐渐施加热和/或压力。
例如,支承表面中的至少一个支承表面可被构造成向重叠带区段施加热和压力,从重叠带区段的第一端部开始并且进展到重叠带区段的第二端部。
如上文所讨论的,在图8a的示例性拼接设备800中,第二压板724包括弯曲的支承表面704,并且其被构造成相对于第一压板322平移和旋转。这样,弯曲的支承表面704被构造成在重叠带区段上摇动(或旋转),使得可向重叠带区段施加压力,从重叠带区段的第一端部开始并且并朝向重叠带区段的第二端部进展。
可类似地加热第二压板724,从而沿着重叠带区段从重叠带区段的第一端部向其第二端部逐渐施加热。
图9a所示的示例性拼接设备900也可被构造成经由辊924向重叠带区段逐渐施加热和/或压力。如上所述,包括弯曲的支承表面904的辊924被构造成沿着重叠带区段从重叠带区段的第一端部滚动到重叠带区段的第二端部。这样,可从第一端部到第二端部向重叠带区段逐渐施加压力。
可类似地加热辊924,从而沿着重叠带区段从重叠带区段的第一端部向其第二端部逐渐施加热。
在步骤1004之后,可关闭加热器并使所接合的重叠带区段冷却。在一些示例中,可提供额外的冷却(例如,经由风扇或压缩空气流),以使所接合的重叠带区段能够更快地冷却。
然后可从重叠带部分去除压力(例如,通过分离一个或多个压板)。
为了帮助确保所接合的重叠带区段具有至少11MPa的搭接剪切强度,可在拼接过程期间监测或控制所施加的热和压力中的至少一者。也可控制其他因素,例如各长度的带的端部区域的切割角度、所用带的宽度和重叠带区段的长度。
例如,重叠带区段可被加热到150摄氏度至350摄氏度的温度,例如180摄氏度至215摄氏度。最佳温度可取决于带的熔融温度。例如,PVDF或聚乙烯材料的加热温度可适宜地为180摄氏度至215摄氏度,而PEEK材料的加热温度可适宜地为至少300摄氏度。
施加到重叠带区段的压力可为0.1N/mm2至5N/mm2,或更适宜地为0.25N/mm2至1.0N/mm2,或适宜地为0.30N/mm2至0.40N/mm2
如上所述,可在拼接操作期间监测施加到重叠带区段的压力,并且该压力可根据所使用的温度而变化:温度越高,所需压力越低。响应于所监测的压力,可控制压力以调节施加到重叠带区段的压力。例如,可在拼接操作期间监测和/或控制至少一个压板中的至少一者的位移,以控制和/或调节施加到重叠带区段的压力。
可向重叠带区段施加压力,时间长度为1秒至5分钟。适宜地,可向重叠带区段施加压力,时间长度为1秒至120秒。适宜地,可向重叠带区段施加压力,时间长度为1秒至30秒。
每种长度的带可适宜地具有0.05mm至0.5mm的厚度,例如0.25mm或0.4mm。
每种长度的带的宽度可为15mm至200mm,或其宽度更适宜地为20mm至100mm。
第一长度的带和第二长度的带中的至少一者的端部可以相对于带的纵向方向的90°±10°的角度被切割。可使用任何合适的切割工具例如锋利的刀片、切断机等来切割带的端部。
可将第一长度的带的端部定位在第二长度的带的端部上,使得重叠带区段的长度为至少20mm。例如,重叠带区段的长度可适宜地为20mm至100mm,或其长度更适宜地为约20mm至30mm。选择重叠带区段的长度,使得接合既保持所需的强度,同时也使重叠带区段的长度最小,以便不损害带的柔韧性。
图12示出了相对于生产线1200定位的拼接设备。在该示例中,拼接设备被支撑在台车1202上。当需要将两种长度的复合带接合在一起以继续生产时,支撑拼接设备的台车1202可被推到适当位置,使得其与支撑相应长度的带的卷轴相邻。在一些示例中,可首先定位槽盖,以使得台车能够尽可能靠近机器主体放置,从而为操作者留出足够的空间。
一旦台车就位,就可使用如本文所述的拼接设备执行拼接过程。在拼接过程之后,可随后移除台车以避免生产线上的任何碰撞。
对如上所述的详细布置的各种修改是可能的。例如,第一压板或第二压板中的至少一者还可包括长度引导件,用于轴向定位和/或安置第一长度的带或第二长度的带中的至少一者的预定长度。例如,长度引导件可横向地延伸跨过压板中的至少一个压板的支承表面,从而限定重叠带区段的长度。长度引导件可包括支承表面上的标记或突起,以有助于帮助定位各长度的带。
在一些示例中,拼接过程可以是自动化过程。例如,设备可包括控制器以控制拼接过程。操作者可向控制器输入用于拼接的各长度的带的属性(例如,材料、厚度和/或宽度)。控制器可随后计算最佳的施加温度、压力和施加温度和压力的时间长度。一旦各长度的带就位,控制器就可随后控制拼接设备并且控制进入设备中的带的进给,以加热、压缩和任选地冷却重叠带区段,从而形成所接合的重叠带区段。对于这种程度的自动化,可存在由操作者执行的用于带卷的装载过程,该装载过程包括带卷的外端的预先设置。
尽管在上述示例中,仅一个支承表面被构造成移动,但在其他示例中,两个支承表面相对于彼此移动,从而当重叠带区段定位在两者间时向重叠带区段施加压缩力。
在一些示例中,可使用一个或多个夹具将第一长度的带和第二长度的带中的至少一者夹持在拼接设备中的适当位置。例如,拼接设备可包括一个或多个夹具,用于将第一长度的带和第二长度的带中的至少一者相对于第一支承表面和第二支承表面中的至少一者夹持就位。至少一个夹具可被定位成邻近支承表面,并且可被构造成基本上防止至少一种长度的带相对于支承表面移动。
通过上述布置,可比先前已知的方法更准确和有效地执行复合带的拼接。
本文所述的某些示例允许复合带的一致和可靠的拼接,从而产生搭接剪切强度大于能够用许多已知拼接方法实现的搭接剪切强度的接合。
本文所述的某些示例允许这样拼接方法,该拼接方法与已知的拼接方法相比提供了改进的操作者安全性。
与已知方法相比,本文所述的某些示例允许复合带的改进的拼接。
本文所述的某些示例提供了这样的方法,该方法确保了可重复性,这继而改进了带拼接质量。
如本文所述的带的端部区域的周密对齐有助于确保应力传递穿过接合处的纤维,从而保持整个接合的强度。而且,当卷绕在柔性管层中时,周密对齐有助于保持纤维的所需节距,使得节距沿管的整个长度保持一致。
实施例
根据一个实施例,使用拼接设备制造多个不同的单搭接接合样本,并且随后进行测试以确定拼接带的基质界面处的搭接剪切强度。在这些测试期间观察失效载荷的最大值、最小值和平均值,并且记录和分析失效类型。
对于具有80mm宽度和0.2mm厚度的PVDF/碳复合带的样品,用于拼接过程的参数在下表1中概述。所有测试均在室温下执行。
表1
温度(℃) 215
拼接时间(秒) 220
压力(N/mm<sup>2</sup>) 0.35
拼接长度(mm) 20
测试了十个不同的样品。测试样品1至4、9和10在拼接之前未清洁。测试样品5至8在拼接之前经过清洁。针对样品测量的平均搭接剪切强度在下表2中概述。
表2
测试样品编号 条件 平均搭接剪切强度(MPa)
样品1至4、9和10 未清洁 13
样品5至8 经过清洁 16
如上表所示,与未清洁样品相比,清洁样品表现出搭接剪切强度增加。
对于本领域的技术人员将显而易见的是,相对于上述实施方案中的任一个所描述的特征结构可在不同实施方案之间互换应用。上述实施方案是用于示出本发明的各种特征结构的示例。
在本说明书的整个具体实施方式和权利要求书中,词语“包含”和“含有”以及它们的变型意指“包括但不限于”,并且它们并非旨在(并且不)排除其他部分、添加剂、部件、整体或步骤。在本说明书的整个具体实施方式和权利要求书中,除非上下文另有要求,否则单数涵盖复数。具体地,在使用不定冠词的情况下,除非上下文另有要求,否则说明书应理解为考虑了复数和单数。
结合本发明的特定方面、实施方案或示例描述的特征结构、整体、特性、化合物、化学部分或基团应被理解为适用于本文描述的任何其他方面、实施方案或示例,除非与其不相容。本说明书(包括任何所附权利要求、说明书摘要和附图)中公开的所有特征和/或如此公开的任何方法或过程的所有步骤可以任何组合来组合,除了此类特征和/或步骤中的至少一些是互相排斥的组合。本发明不限于任何前述实施方案的细节。本发明延伸到本说明书(包括任何所附权利要求、说明书摘要和附图)中公开的特征结构的任何新颖的特征结构或任何新颖的组合,或延伸到如此公开的任何方法或过程的步骤的任何新颖的步骤或任何新颖的组合。
读者的注意力涉及与本说明书同时或在本说明书之前结合本专利申请提交的并且公开了对本说明书的公共检查的所有论文和文档,并且所有这些论文和文档的内容以引用方式并入本文。

Claims (30)

1.一种制造用于从海底位置输送流体的柔性管的铠装层的方法,所述方法包括:
卷绕第一长度的复合带以形成所述铠装层的第一区段;
将所述第一长度的复合带的端部区域定位在第二长度的复合带的端部区域上以形成重叠带区段,并且向所述重叠带区段施加热和压力以形成所接合的重叠带区段,其中所述第一长度的带接合到所述第二长度的带,使得所接合的重叠带区段具有至少11MPa的搭接剪切强度;以及
卷绕所接合的重叠带区段和所述第二长度的复合带以形成所述铠装层的第二区段。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中经由包括支承表面的至少一个压板向所述重叠带区段施加所述热和压力中的至少一者。
3.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中在所述重叠带区段上均匀地施加所述热和压力中的至少一者。
4.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的方法,其中在所述重叠带区段上不均匀地施加所述热和压力中的至少一者。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中横跨或沿着所述重叠带区段不均匀地施加所述热和压力中的至少一者。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中沿着所述重叠带区段的长度从所述重叠带区段的第一端部到所述重叠带区段的第二端部逐渐施加所述热和压力中的至少一者。
7.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中经由至少一个辊向所述重叠带区段施加所述热和压力中的至少一者。
8.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中施加所述热和压力包括在与开始施加压力不同的时间开始施加热。
9.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中施加所述热和压力包括在开始施加热之前开始施加压力。
10.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中清洁第一端部区域和第二端部区域。
11.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,所述方法还包括监测所施加的热或所施加的压力中的至少一者。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,所述方法还包括响应于所述监测,控制所施加的热或所施加的压力中的至少一者。
13.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,所述方法还包括在形成所述重叠带区段之前,对所述第一长度的带或所述第二长度的带中的至少一者的所述端部区域进行预热。
14.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,所述方法还包括使所述重叠带区段振动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述使所述重叠带区段振动包括向所述重叠带区段施加超声范围振动。
16.根据权利要求14或权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述重叠带区段被横向和/或纵向振动。
17.一种用于拼接复合带的设备,所述复合带用在用于从海底位置输送流体的柔性管中,所述设备包括:
第一支承表面;
第二支承表面,所述第二支承表面被设置成与所述第一支承表面相对;
加热器,所述加热器被构造成加热所述第一支承表面与所述第二支承表面之间的区域;
其中所述第一支承表面和所述第二支承表面能够相对于彼此移动,从而在第一长度的带和第二长度的带被定位在两者间时,向所述第一长度的带和所述第二长度的带的端部区域施加压缩力。
18.根据权利要求17所述的设备,其中所述第一支承表面被构造用于支撑所述第一长度的带的所述端部区域。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的设备,其中所述第二支承表面被构造用于支撑所述第二长度的带的所述端部区域。
20.根据权利要求17至19中任一项所述的设备,其中所述第一支承表面或所述第二支承表面中的至少一者包括基本上平坦的表面。
21.根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的设备,其中所述第一支承表面或所述第二支承表面中的至少一者包括弯曲的或圆形的支承表面。
22.根据权利要求17至21中任一项所述的设备,其中所述第一支承表面或所述第二支承表面中的至少一者包括耐热的不粘表面。
23.根据权利要求17至22中任一项所述的设备,其中所述第一支承表面或所述第二支承表面中的至少一者包括多个脊或起伏。
24.根据权利要求17至23中任一项所述的设备,所述设备还包括第一压板,所述第一压板包括所述第一支承表面。
25.根据权利要求17至24中任一项所述的设备,所述设备还包括第二压板,所述第二压板包括所述第二支承表面。
26.根据权利要求17至25中任一项所述的设备,其中所述第一支承表面和所述第二支承表面中的至少一者包括从其延伸的至少一个纵向引导件。
27.根据权利要求17至26中任一项所述的设备,其中所述支承表面中的至少一个支承表面被构造成振动。
28.根据权利要求27所述的设备,其中所述支承表面中的至少一个支承表面被构造成以超声频率振动。
29.根据权利要求27或28所述的设备,其中所述支承表面中的至少一个支承表面被构造成横向和/或纵向振动。
30.根据权利要求17至29中任一项所述的设备用于拼接用在用于从海底位置输送流体的柔性管中的复合带的用途。
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