CN114725544A - Battery management system and battery system - Google Patents
Battery management system and battery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114725544A CN114725544A CN202210311783.XA CN202210311783A CN114725544A CN 114725544 A CN114725544 A CN 114725544A CN 202210311783 A CN202210311783 A CN 202210311783A CN 114725544 A CN114725544 A CN 114725544A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 693
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 103
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 103
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 111
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 89
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 22
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The application provides a battery management system and a battery system, wherein in the working process of the battery management system, a controller can control a first switch to be connected or disconnected and at least one bridge arm switch to act, and a front-end chip is simulated to control a second switch to be connected or disconnected. It can be understood that the controller can control the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to be completely switched off or completely switched on; or controlling the first switch, the second switch and one part of the switches in the at least one bridge arm switch to be switched on, and the other part of the switches to be switched off. In this application, the different switching actions among steerable first switch, second switch and at least one bridge arm switch to realize the charge-discharge protection of energy storage unit and short-circuit protection in order to improve the security of energy storage unit, still can realize battery management system's output voltage adjustable function, the system function is abundanter, and the suitability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of power electronics technologies, and in particular, to a battery management system and a battery system.
Background
Because lithium ion batteries have the advantages of long cycle life, high energy density, and support for high rate charging and discharging, lithium ion batteries (which may be referred to as lithium batteries for short) are widely used in various industrial and consumer electronic products. However, the safety and maintainability of lithium batteries are poor, and it is important to manage the batteries of lithium batteries in order to improve the utilization rate of lithium batteries and prevent overcharge and overdischarge of lithium batteries.
Currently, as shown in fig. 1, a battery management circuit of a lithium battery may include a switching device Q1, a switching device Q2, a battery protection chip U1, a lithium battery BT1 to a lithium battery BT4, and other devices. In the working process of the battery management circuit, the battery protection chip U1 can be used for detecting the cell voltages from the lithium battery BT1 to the lithium battery BT4 and controlling the on/off of each of the switching device Q1 and the switching device Q2 based on the cell voltages, so that the purposes of charging and discharging protection from the lithium battery BT1 to the lithium battery BT4 are achieved. However, the charging and discharging protection of the lithium battery is realized only through the battery protection chip U1, so that the safety is poor, the function is single, and the applicability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a battery management system and battery system, different switching actions in steerable first switch, second switch and at least one bridge arm switch to realize energy storage unit's charge-discharge protection and short-circuit protection in order to improve energy storage unit's security, still can realize that the output voltage of system is adjustable or the function of the super low-power consumption of system and long-time standby, further improved battery management's application flexibility, the system function is abundanter, the suitability is strong.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a Battery Management System (BMS) that may include an Analog Front End (AFE) chip, a controller, a first switch, a second switch, a current limiting resistor, at least one energy storage inductor (i.e., one or more energy storage inductors), and at least one bridge arm switch (i.e., one or more bridge arm switches). The analog front-end chip can be connected with an energy storage unit, and the first connecting end of each energy storage inductor in the at least one energy storage inductor can be connected with the anode of the energy storage unit. The second connection end of one of the at least one energy storage inductor may be connected to a bridge arm midpoint of one of the at least one bridge arm switch, that is, the number of the at least one energy storage inductor is the same as the number of the at least one bridge arm switch, and the at least one energy storage inductor corresponds to the at least one bridge arm switch one to one. The first connection end of each bridge arm switch in the at least one bridge arm switch can be connected with the first connection end of target equipment, the second connection end of each bridge arm switch can be connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage unit, and the second connection end of each bridge arm switch can be connected with the second connection end of the target equipment through the first switch. When the energy storage unit is in a charging state, the target device can be an external power supply; conversely, when the energy storage unit is in a discharge state, the target device may be a load. The second switch and the current-limiting resistor can be connected in series and then connected in parallel with the first switch, wherein the current-limiting resistor can be used for limiting the current of the branch where the current-limiting resistor is located (namely the series branch formed by the second switch and the current-limiting resistor), so that the component connected in series (namely the second switch) is prevented from being burnt out due to overlarge current.
In the working process of the battery management system, the controller can control the first switch to be connected or disconnected and at least one bridge arm switch to act, and the analog front-end chip is used for controlling the second switch to be connected or disconnected. It can be understood that the controller can control the first switch, the second switch and at least one bridge arm switch to be turned off; or the first switch, the second switch and at least one bridge arm switch are controlled to be completely switched on; or the first switch, the second switch and one part of the at least one bridge arm switch are controlled to be switched on, and the first switch, the second switch and the other part of the at least one bridge arm switch are controlled to be switched off. The specific switching actions of the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch may be determined by the actual working requirements of the energy storage unit or the battery management system, which is not limited herein.
In the application, different switch actions in the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch can be controlled, so that the charging protection, the discharging protection and the short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit are realized, the safety of the energy storage unit is further improved, and the service life of the energy storage unit is prolonged; in addition, the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system can be realized, so that the application flexibility of battery management is improved, and the system has the advantages of rich functions, lower cost and strong applicability.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner, each of the at least one bridge arm switch includes a third switch and a fourth switch, where a first pole of the third switch and a second pole of the fourth switch are connected in series to serve as a bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm switch, the second pole of the third switch can serve as a first connection end of each bridge arm switch, and the first pole of the fourth switch can serve as a second connection end of each bridge arm switch. The third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the fourth switch is turned off when the third switch is turned on, or the fourth switch is turned on when the third switch is turned off.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, in a case of performing boost discharge on the energy storage unit, the controller may control the first switch to be turned on, control the fourth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned on and the third switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned off in a first time period, and control the third switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned on and the fourth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned off in a second time period, so as to achieve a purpose of performing boost discharge on the energy storage unit to supply power to a target device (such as a load). The first time period may be understood as a time period earlier than the second time period in the switching cycle of each bridge arm switch. Optionally, in the process of performing voltage boosting and discharging on the energy storage unit, the controller may further control the second switch to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Because the at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge type conversion circuit can be used for assisting the at least one bridge arm switch to act, the function of performing discharge protection (such as discharge current limiting) on the energy storage unit can be realized in the process of performing boosting discharge on the energy storage unit. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. In addition, the bridge type conversion circuit is a Direct Current (DC)/DC conversion circuit, and the DC/DC conversion circuit has a direct voltage conversion function, so that the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system can be realized in the process of boosting and discharging the energy storage unit. Therefore, the controller can control the first switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act in a matched mode, so that the functions of boosting and discharging of the energy storage unit, discharging protection of the energy storage unit and adjustment of the output voltage of the battery management system are achieved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, in the case of performing step-down charging on the energy storage unit, the controller may control the first switch to be turned on, control the third switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned on and the fourth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned off in a first time period, and control the fourth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned on and the third switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned off in a second time period, so as to achieve a purpose that a target device (such as a power supply) performs step-down charging on the energy storage unit. The first time period may be understood as a time period earlier than the second time period in the switching cycle of each bridge arm switch. Optionally, in the process of performing voltage reduction charging on the energy storage unit, the controller may further control the second switch to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Because the at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge type conversion circuit can be used for assisting the at least one bridge arm switch to act, the function of charging protection (such as charging current limiting) on the energy storage unit can be realized in the process of carrying out voltage reduction charging on the energy storage unit. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. Therefore, the controller can control the first switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act in a matched mode, so that the voltage reduction charging of the energy storage unit and the charging protection of the energy storage unit are achieved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to the first aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, when the battery management system is applied to an application scenario with low power consumption, the battery management system is in a standby state, and because the resource demand of the controller is large and the power consumption is large, the controller may enter a sleep state (e.g., a deep sleep state) and cannot normally operate. When the controller enters a dormant state, the analog front-end chip can control the second switch to be conducted and control the first switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to be disconnected, so that the aim of supplying power to target equipment (such as a load) by the energy storage unit is fulfilled; in addition, because the power consumption of the analog front-end chip is extremely low, the low power consumption of the whole system can be kept while the power is supplied to the load, so that the ultra-low power consumption and long-time standby functions of the battery management system can be realized, the system functions are richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to the first aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner, when the energy storage unit includes at least one battery (i.e., one or more batteries), and the controller enters a sleep state, the analog front-end chip may collect battery parameters of each battery in the at least one battery in real time, so that a function of maintaining battery sampling when the battery management system is in a standby state may be implemented, and the applicability is stronger. The battery parameters may include, but are not limited to, a battery voltage of each battery, a battery temperature of each battery, and a current flowing through each battery, and may be determined according to an actual application scenario, which is not limited herein. In addition, the simulation front-end chip can monitor whether the working state of each battery is normal or not in real time based on the battery parameters of each battery, so that the use safety of the batteries is improved, the service life of the batteries is prolonged, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to any one of the first to fifth possible implementation manners of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner, the battery management system further includes a current sampling resistor, and the second connection end of each of the at least one bridge arm switch may be connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit through the current sampling resistor. The current sampling resistor can collect the current flowing through the energy storage unit in real time. Furthermore, the controller can control the first switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to be switched off when the current collected by the current sampling resistor and flowing through the energy storage unit is larger than a preset current threshold value, and controls the second switch to be switched off through the analog front-end chip, so that the function of performing short-circuit protection on the energy storage unit is realized, the safety of the energy storage unit is improved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to any one of the first to sixth possible implementation manners of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner, the battery management system further includes a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor, where the first filter capacitor is connected in parallel with the energy storage unit, and the second filter capacitor is connected in parallel with each of the at least one bridge arm switch. The at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch may form a bridge conversion circuit, and the first filter capacitor may filter a voltage signal output by the bridge conversion circuit to obtain a charging voltage signal when the energy storage unit is charged with a reduced voltage, where the voltage signal output by the bridge conversion circuit may be determined by a voltage provided by a target device (e.g., a power supply). The charging voltage signal can be used for determining the charging voltage to charge the energy storage unit, so that the waveform corresponding to the charging voltage is smoother, and the charging efficiency of the energy storage unit is further improved. Under the condition that the energy storage unit boosts and discharges, the second filter capacitor can filter the voltage signal output by the bridge type conversion circuit to obtain a discharge voltage signal, wherein the voltage signal output by the bridge type conversion circuit can be determined by the voltage provided by the energy storage unit. The discharge voltage signal can be used for determining a discharge voltage to charge a target device (such as a load), so that the waveform corresponding to the discharge voltage is smoother, and the discharge efficiency of the energy storage unit is further improved.
With reference to any one of the first aspect to the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner, the battery management system further includes a fuse, and the first connection end of each of the at least one energy storage inductor may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit through the fuse. The at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and when the bridge type conversion circuit breaks down or works abnormally, the fuse can be fused to cut off the bridge type conversion circuit, so that devices in a battery management system can be prevented from being damaged, the safety of the whole system and the energy storage unit is improved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery management system that may include an analog front-end chip, a controller, a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a current-limiting resistor, at least one energy storage inductor (i.e., one or more energy storage inductors), and at least one leg switch (i.e., one or more leg switches). The analog front-end chip can be connected with an energy storage unit, the first connecting end of the first switch can be connected with the anode of the energy storage unit, the second connecting end of the first switch can be connected with the cathode of the energy storage unit through the second switch, and the energy storage unit can be composed of at least one battery (namely one or more batteries). The third switch and the current-limiting resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the first switch, and the current-limiting resistor can be used for limiting the current of the branch where the current-limiting resistor is located (namely the series branch formed by the third switch and the current-limiting resistor), so that the series-connected components (namely the third switch) are prevented from being burnt out due to overlarge current. And the second connection end of the first switch can be connected with the first connection end of each energy storage inductor in the at least one energy storage inductor, and the second connection end of one energy storage inductor in the at least one energy storage inductor is connected with the bridge arm midpoint of one bridge arm switch in the at least one bridge arm switch, that is, the number of the at least one energy storage inductor is the same as that of the at least one bridge arm switch, and the at least one energy storage inductor corresponds to the at least one bridge arm switch one by one. The first connecting end of each bridge arm switch in the at least one bridge arm switch can be connected with the first connecting end of the target equipment, and the second connecting end of each bridge arm switch can be connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage unit and the second connecting end of the target equipment. When the energy storage unit is in a charging state, the target device can be an external power supply; conversely, when the energy storage unit is in a discharge state, the target device may be a load.
In the working process of the battery management system, the controller can control the on or off of each of the first switch and the second switch and the action of at least one bridge arm switch, and control the on or off of the third switch through the analog front-end chip. It can be understood that the controller can control the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and at least one bridge arm switch to be turned off; or the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and at least one bridge arm switch are controlled to be completely conducted; or the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and one part of the at least one bridge arm switch are controlled to be switched on, and the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and the other part of the at least one bridge arm switch are controlled to be switched off. The specific switching actions of the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and the at least one bridge arm switch may be determined by actual working requirements of the energy storage unit or the battery management system, which is not limited herein.
In the application, different switching actions of the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and at least one bridge arm switch can be controlled, so that the charging protection, the discharging protection and the short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit are realized, the safety of the energy storage unit is further improved, and the service life of the energy storage unit is prolonged; in addition, the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system can be realized, so that the application flexibility of battery management is improved, and the system has the advantages of rich functions, lower cost and strong applicability.
With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner, each of the at least one bridge arm switch includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch, a first pole of the fourth switch and a second pole of the fifth switch are connected in series to serve as a bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm switch, a second pole of the fourth switch can serve as a first connection end of each bridge arm switch, and a first pole of the fifth switch can serve as a second connection end of each bridge arm switch. The fourth switch and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the fifth switch is turned off when the fourth switch is turned on, or the fifth switch is turned on when the fourth switch is turned off.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, in the case of performing boost discharge on the energy storage unit, the controller may control the first switch to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off, control the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch to be turned off and control the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch to be turned on in a first time period, and control the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch to be turned on and control the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch to be turned off in a second time period, so as to perform boost discharge on the energy storage unit to supply power to a target device (such as a load). The first time period may be understood as a time period earlier than the second time period in the switching cycle of each bridge arm switch. Optionally, in the process of performing voltage boosting and discharging on the energy storage unit, the controller may further control the third switch to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Because the first switch, the second switch, the at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge type conversion circuit can be used for assisting the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act, the function of performing discharge protection (such as discharge current limiting) on the energy storage unit can be realized in the process of performing boosting discharge on the energy storage unit. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. In addition, the bridge type conversion circuit is a DC/DC conversion circuit, and the DC/DC conversion circuit has a direct-current voltage conversion function, so that the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system can be realized in the process of boosting and discharging the energy storage unit. Therefore, the controller can control the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act in a matching mode, so that the functions of boosting and discharging of the energy storage unit, discharging protection of the energy storage unit and adjustment of the output voltage of the battery management system are achieved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, when the energy storage unit is charged in a buck manner, the controller may control the first switch to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off, control the fourth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned on and the fifth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned off in a first time period, and control the fourth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned off and the fifth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned on in a second time period, so as to achieve a purpose that a target device (such as a power supply) charges the energy storage unit in a buck manner. The first time period may be understood as a time period earlier than the second time period in the first switching cycle of each bridge arm switch. Optionally, in the process of performing voltage reduction charging on the energy storage unit, the controller may further control the third switch to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Because the first switch, the second switch, the at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge type conversion circuit can be used for assisting the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act, the function of charging protection (such as charging current limiting) on the energy storage unit can be realized in the process of carrying out voltage reduction charging on the energy storage unit. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. Therefore, the controller can control the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act in a matching mode, so that the functions of voltage reduction charging of the energy storage unit and discharge protection of the energy storage unit are achieved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, in a case of performing voltage-reducing discharge on the energy storage unit, the controller may control a fourth switch in each bridge arm switch to be turned on and a fifth switch in each bridge arm switch to be turned off, control the first switch to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off in a first time period, and control the first switch to be turned off and the second switch to be turned on in a second time period, so as to achieve a purpose of performing voltage-reducing discharge on the energy storage unit to supply power to a target device (such as a load). The first time period is a time period earlier than the second time period in the second switching period, and the second switching period is a switching period of the first switch or a switching period of the second switch, that is, a time length corresponding to the switching period of the first switch is the same as a time length corresponding to the switching period of the second switch, and the time lengths are equal to the time lengths corresponding to the second switching period. Optionally, in the process of performing voltage-reducing discharge on the energy storage unit, the controller may further control the third switch to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Because the first switch, the second switch, the at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge type conversion circuit can be used for assisting the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act, the function of performing discharge protection (such as discharge current limiting) on the energy storage unit can be realized in the process of performing voltage reduction discharge on the energy storage unit. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. In addition, the bridge type conversion circuit is a DC/DC conversion circuit, and the DC/DC conversion circuit has a direct-current voltage conversion function, so that the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system can be realized in the process of carrying out voltage reduction and discharge on the energy storage unit. Therefore, the controller can control the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to perform matching action, so that the functions of voltage reduction and discharge of the energy storage unit, discharge protection of the energy storage unit and adjustable output voltage of the battery management system are realized, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner, in a case of performing boost charging on the energy storage unit, the controller may control the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch to be turned on and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch to be turned off, control the first switch to be turned off and the second switch to be turned on in a first time period, and control the first switch to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off in a second time period, so as to achieve a purpose that a target device (such as a power supply) performs boost charging on the energy storage unit. The first time period is a time period earlier than the second time period in the second switching period, and the second switching period is a switching period of the first switch or a switching period of the second switch, that is, a time length corresponding to the switching period of the first switch is the same as a time length corresponding to the switching period of the second switch, and the time lengths are equal to the time lengths corresponding to the second switching period. Optionally, in the process of boosting and charging the energy storage unit, the controller may further control the third switch to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Because the first switch, the second switch, the at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge type conversion circuit can be used for assisting the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act, the function of performing charging protection (such as charging current limiting) on the energy storage unit can be realized in the process of performing boosting charging on the energy storage unit. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. Therefore, the controller can control the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to act in a matching mode, so that the functions of boosting charging of the energy storage unit and charging protection (such as charging current limiting) of the energy storage unit are achieved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner, when the battery management system is applied to an application scenario with low power consumption, the battery management system is in a standby state, and because the controller has a large resource demand and large power consumption, the controller may enter a sleep state (e.g., a deep sleep state) and cannot normally operate. When the controller enters a dormant state, the third switch is controlled to be switched on, and the first switch, the second switch and at least one bridge arm switch are controlled to be switched off, so that the aim of supplying power to target equipment (such as a load) by the energy storage unit is fulfilled; in addition, because the power consumption of the analog front-end chip is extremely low, the low power consumption of the whole system can be kept while the power is supplied to the load, so that the ultra-low power consumption and long-time standby functions of the battery management system can be realized, the system functions are richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner, when the energy storage unit includes at least one battery (i.e., one or more batteries), and the controller enters a sleep state, the analog front-end chip may collect battery parameters of each battery in the at least one battery in real time, so that a function of maintaining battery sampling when the battery management system is in a standby state may be implemented, and the applicability is stronger. The battery parameters may include, but are not limited to, a battery voltage of each battery, a battery temperature of each battery, and a current flowing through each battery, and may be determined according to an actual application scenario, which is not limited herein. Meanwhile, the simulation front-end chip can monitor whether the working state of each battery is normal or not in real time based on the battery parameters of each battery, so that the use safety of the batteries is improved, the service life of the batteries is prolonged, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to any one of the second aspect to the seventh possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner, the battery management system further includes a current sampling resistor, and the second connection end of each of the at least one bridge arm switch is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit through the current sampling resistor. The current sampling resistor can collect the current flowing through the energy storage unit in real time. Furthermore, the controller can control the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to be switched off when the current collected by the current sampling resistor and flowing through the energy storage unit is larger than a preset current threshold value, and controls the third switch to be switched off through the front-end simulation chip, so that the function of performing short-circuit protection on the energy storage unit is realized, the safety of the energy storage unit is improved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
With reference to any one of the second to eighth possible implementation manners of the second aspect, in a ninth possible implementation manner, the battery management system further includes a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor, where the first filter capacitor is connected in parallel with the energy storage unit, and the second filter capacitor is connected in parallel with each bridge arm switch. The first switch, the second switch, the at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and under the condition that the energy storage unit is subjected to buck charging or boost charging, the first filter capacitor can filter a voltage signal output by the bridge type conversion circuit to obtain a charging voltage signal, wherein the voltage signal output by the bridge type conversion circuit can be determined by a voltage provided by a target device (such as a power supply). The charging voltage signal can be used for determining the charging voltage to charge the energy storage unit, so that the waveform corresponding to the charging voltage is smoother, and the charging efficiency of the energy storage unit is further improved. Under the condition that the energy storage unit is subjected to voltage boosting discharge or voltage dropping discharge, the second filter capacitor can filter the voltage signal output by the bridge type conversion circuit to obtain a discharge voltage signal, wherein the voltage signal output by the bridge type conversion circuit can be determined by the voltage provided by the energy storage unit. The discharge voltage signal can be used for determining a discharge voltage to charge a target device (such as a load), so that the waveform corresponding to the discharge voltage is smoother, and the discharge efficiency of the energy storage unit is further improved.
With reference to any one of the second aspect to the ninth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a tenth possible implementation manner, the battery management system further includes a fuse, and the first connection end of the first switch may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit through the fuse. The first switch, the second switch, the at least one energy storage inductor and the at least one bridge arm switch can form a bridge type conversion circuit, and when the bridge type conversion circuit breaks down or works abnormally, the fuse can be fused to cut off the bridge type conversion circuit, so that devices in a battery management system can be prevented from being damaged, the safety of the whole system and the energy storage unit is improved, the system function is richer, and the applicability is stronger.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a battery system, which is applicable to a lithium battery used in a communication base station, an energy storage battery matched with a data center, an energy storage battery matched with a photovoltaic inverter, an energy storage unit in an energy storage system (such as a household energy storage system), a power battery system of an electric device, and a battery system in other fields. The battery system may include an energy storage unit and a battery management system provided in any one of the first to tenth possible implementation manners of the first to second aspects, wherein the energy storage unit includes at least one battery, and each battery of the at least one battery is connected to an analog front-end chip in the battery management system. Because the battery management system can realize the functions of discharge protection, charge protection and short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit, adjustable output voltage of the system, ultralow power consumption and long-time standby of the system by controlling different switch actions in the battery management system, the application flexibility and safety of the whole battery system can be improved, the working efficiency of the battery system is further improved, the cost is lower, and the applicability is stronger. Supposing that the battery system is a power battery system of the electric equipment, because the port voltage of the battery management system can not be reduced along with the reduction of the electric quantity of the energy storage unit, the battery management system can also keep the output power of the energy storage unit unchanged when the electric quantity of the energy storage unit is reduced, and the obvious attenuation of the power of the electric equipment can not be caused (for example, the speed of the electric equipment can not be reduced), so that the use experience of a user is improved, and the applicability is stronger.
In the application, different switch actions in the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch can be controlled, so that the voltage reduction charging and charging protection of the energy storage unit, the voltage boosting discharging and discharging protection of the energy storage unit and the short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit are realized, the safety of the energy storage unit is improved, and the service life of the energy storage unit is prolonged; in addition, the output voltage of the battery management system can be adjusted, or the ultra-low power consumption and long-time standby functions of the battery management system can be realized, so that the application flexibility of battery management is improved, the system functions are richer, the cost is lower, and the applicability is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration of a battery management circuit for a lithium battery;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a battery system provided in the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a discharge circuit of the battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a charging circuit of the battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a battery management system provided herein;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another discharge circuit of the battery management system provided herein;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of another charging circuit of the battery management system provided herein;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery system provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
The battery system provided by the application is suitable for various application fields such as the pure energy storage power generation field, the light storage power generation field (such as power supply to household equipment (such as a refrigerator and an air conditioner) or a power grid), the wind storage power generation field, or the electric equipment field (such as a power battery system in electric equipment), and the like, and can be specifically determined according to actual application scenes, and the limitation is not made herein. The power supply system provided by the application can be adapted to different application scenarios, for example, an optical storage power supply application scenario, a wind storage power supply application scenario, a pure energy storage power supply application scenario, or other application scenarios, for convenience of description, the pure energy storage power supply application scenario will be described as an example, and details are not repeated below.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic view of an application scenario of the battery system provided in the present application. In the pure energy storage power supply application scenario, as shown in fig. 2, the energy storage system 1 includes a battery system 12, a DC/DC converter 13, and a DC/Alternating Current (AC) converter 14, where the battery system 12 may be connected to an input terminal of the DC/AC converter 14 through the DC/DC converter 13, and an output terminal of the DC/AC converter 14 may be connected to a load (e.g., the power grid 2 and the household appliance 3). The battery system 12 includes an energy storage unit 120 and a Battery Management System (BMS) 121 connected to the energy storage unit 120, where the energy storage unit 120 includes at least one battery, and each battery of the at least one battery is connectable to the battery management system 121. During the process of supplying power to the load by the energy storage system 1, the DC/DC converter 13 may convert the DC voltage provided by the energy storage unit 120 into a target DC voltage and output the target DC voltage to the DC/AC converter 14. At this time, the DC/AC converter 14 may convert the target direct-current voltage into an alternating-current voltage, and supply the power grid 2 and the home appliance 3 with power based on the alternating-current voltage. In the above power supply process, in order to further improve the utilization rate of the energy storage unit 120 and prevent the energy storage unit 120 from over-discharging, the battery management system 121 may control different switches inside the battery management system to be turned on or off, so as to realize the discharge protection and the short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit 120, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage unit 120 to ensure that the energy storage unit 120 normally supplies power to the power grid 2 and the household appliance 3, and prolonging the service life of the energy storage unit 120; in addition, the adjustable output voltage, ultra-low power consumption and long-time standby functions of the battery management system 121 can be realized, so that the application flexibility of battery management is improved, the system functions are rich, the cost is lower, and the applicability is strong.
The battery management system, the battery system and the operation principle thereof provided by the present application will be described below with reference to fig. 3 to 16.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the battery management system 1a includes an analog front-end chip 10, a controller 20, a first switch S1, a second switch S2, a current-limiting resistor R11, at least one energy-storage inductor (e.g., energy-storage inductor L1a to energy-storage inductor L1n), and at least one bridge arm switch (e.g., bridge arm switches 30a to 30 n). The analog front-end chip 10 may also be referred to as an AFE chip for short, and the controller 20 may also be referred to as a micro control unit (MCU for short). The analog front-end chip 10 may be connected to the energy storage unit 2a (also referred to as a battery pack), the energy storage unit 2a includes at least one battery (i.e., one or more batteries), and each of the at least one battery (e.g., the battery B1 to the battery Bm) may be connected to the analog front-end chip 10, wherein the number of the batteries B1 to the battery Bm is greater than or equal to 1, and the number of the batteries B1 to the battery Bm may be determined by practical application scenarios, which are not limited herein. The chip of the battery management system 1a for sampling the battery (e.g., collecting the temperature, voltage and current of the battery) may be referred to as an analog front-end chip 10, and the analog front-end chip 10 may also be referred to as a battery management chip. The energy storage unit 2a may be understood as an energy storage carrier of the battery management system 1a, and the battery types from the battery B1 to the battery Bm may include, but are not limited to, a lithium cobalt oxide battery, a lithium manganate battery, a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide battery, a lithium nickel cobalt aluminate battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, or a lithium titanate battery.
In some possible embodiments, the first connection end of each of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit 2a, and the second connection end of one of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n may be connected to the bridge arm midpoint of one of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30 n. The inductor used for storing energy in the battery management system 1a may be referred to as an energy storage inductor. For example, the first connection end of the energy storage inductor L1a may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit 2a, and the second connection end of the energy storage inductor L1a may be connected to the bridge arm midpoint of the bridge arm switch 30 a; … …, the first connection end of the energy storage inductor L1n may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit 2a, and the second connection end of the energy storage inductor L1n may be connected to the bridge arm midpoint of the bridge arm switch 30 n. The connection relationship between the energy storage inductors and the bridge arm switches can be obtained, the number of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n is the same as the number of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n, and the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n are in one-to-one correspondence with the bridge arm switches 30a to 30 n.
In some possible embodiments, the first connection end of each of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n may be connected to a first connection end (e.g., a P + positive connection end) of the target device 3a, the second connection end of each of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n is connected to a negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2a, and the second connection end of each bridge arm switch may be connected to a second connection end (e.g., a P-negative connection end) of the target device 3a through a first switch S1, in other words, the second connection end of each bridge arm switch is connected to the first connection end of the first switch S1, and the second connection end of the first switch S1 is connected to a P-negative connection end of the target device 3 a. For example, the first connection end of the bridge arm switch 30a may be connected to the P + positive connection end of the target device 3a, the second connection end of the bridge arm switch 30a is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2a, and the second connection end of the bridge arm switch 30a may be connected to the P-negative connection end of the target device 3a through the first switch S1; … …, the first connection end of the bridge arm switch 30n may be connected to the P + positive connection end of the target device 3a, the second connection end of the bridge arm switch 30n is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2a, and the second connection end of the bridge arm switch 30n may be connected to the P-negative connection end of the target device 3a through the first switch S1. Wherein, when the energy storage unit 2a is in a charging state, the target device 3a may be an external power source (such as a charging cabinet or other power source); conversely, when the energy storage unit 2a is in a discharging state, the target device 3a may be a load, the first connection end of each bridge arm switch may be understood as a positive electrode output by the energy storage unit 2a through the battery management system 1a, and the second connection end of the first switch S1 may be understood as a negative electrode output by the energy storage unit 2a through the battery management system 1 a. The second switch S2 and the current-limiting resistor R11 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the first switch S1, wherein the current-limiting resistor R11 can be used to limit the current of the branch where the current-limiting resistor R11 is located (i.e., the series branch formed by the second switch S2 and the current-limiting resistor R11), thereby preventing the component (i.e., the second switch S2) connected in series from being burned out due to excessive current, improving the safety of the second switch S2 and prolonging the service life of the second switch S2, and having strong applicability.
In some possible embodiments, the controller 20 may include, but is not limited to, a control board and a control chip; the controller 20 may establish wired communication or wireless communication with the first switch S1, the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n, and the front-end analog chip 10 may establish wired communication or wireless communication with the second switch S2, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. In the case where the controller 20 establishes wired communication with the analog front end chip 10, a communication pin is included in the analog front end chip 10, and the analog front end chip 10 may transmit data or instructions with the controller 20 through the communication pin. The communication pins include, but are not limited to, an SCL pin (a kind of communication pin), an SDA pin (a kind of communication pin), and an SPI pin (a kind of communication pin), for example, as shown in fig. 3, the analog front-end chip 10 includes the SCL pin and the SDA pin. In addition, the front-end analog chip 10 further includes a CHG pin (a charging switch control pin) and a DSG pin (a discharging switch control pin), where the CHG pin may be used to control the first switch S1 and different switch actions of the arm switches 30a to 30n to charge the energy storage unit 2a, and the DSG pin may be used to control the first switch S1 and different switch actions of the arm switches 30a to 30n to discharge the energy storage unit 2 a. Optionally, the analog front-end chip 10 may further include other functional pins, and the other functional pins may be determined according to an actual application scenario, which is not limited herein.
In some possible embodiments, the controller 20 may control the first switch S1 to be turned on or off, the arm switches 30a to 30n to operate, and the analog front-end chip 10 may control the second switch S2 to be turned on or off. It can be understood that the controller 20 can control all of the first switch S1, the arm switches 30a to 30n, and the second switch S2 to be turned off; or controlling all of the first switch S1, the arm switches 30a to 30n, and the second switch S2 to be on; or controlling a part of the first switch S1, the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n, and the second switch S2 to be turned on, and controlling another part of the first switch S1, the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n, and the second switch S2 to be turned off, so as to implement different battery management functions, wherein the battery management functions may include but are not limited to: the charging protection function of the energy storage unit 2a, the discharging protection function of the energy storage unit 2a, the short-circuit protection function of the energy storage unit 2a, or the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1 a. The specific switching actions of the first switch S1, the arm switches 30a to 30n, and the second switch S2 may be determined by the actual operating requirements of the energy storage unit 2a or the battery management system 1a, and are not limited herein. Optionally, the controller 20 may further send a switch control instruction to the analog front-end chip 10 through an SCL pin and an SDA pin, so that the analog front-end chip 10 controls, through the switch control instruction, each of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 to be turned on or off based on the CHG pin and the DSG pin, and controls the bridge arm switches 30a to the bridge arm switches 30n to operate, thereby implementing different battery management functions.
It can be understood that the controller 20 may control different switching actions of the first switch S1, the arm switches 30a to 30n, and the second switch S2, so as to implement charging protection of the energy storage unit 2a, discharging protection of the energy storage unit 2a, and short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit 2a, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage unit 2a and prolonging the service life of the energy storage unit 2 a; in addition, the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1a can be realized, so that the application flexibility of battery management is improved, the system has rich functions, the cost is lower, and the applicability is strong.
In some possible embodiments, each of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n may include a third switch (i.e., an upper bridge arm switch) and a fourth switch (i.e., a lower bridge arm switch), wherein a first pole of the third switch and a second pole of the fourth switch may be connected in series to serve as a bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm switch, a second pole of the third switch may serve as a first connection end of each bridge arm switch, and a first pole of the fourth switch may serve as a second connection end of each bridge arm switch. The third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the fourth switch is turned off when the third switch is turned on, or the fourth switch is turned on when the third switch is turned off. Assuming that the third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch are metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET or MOS transistor), the first poles of the third switch and the fourth switch are source electrodes, and the second pole of the third switch and the second pole of the fourth switch are drain electrodes. Specific structures of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n can be seen in fig. 4, and fig. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of the battery management system provided in the present application.
In some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the bridge arm switch 30a shown in fig. 3 includes a third switch S31 and a fourth switch S32, a first pole of the third switch S31 and a second pole of the fourth switch S32 can be connected in series to serve as a bridge arm midpoint of the bridge arm switch 30a, a second pole of the third switch S31 can serve as a first connection terminal of the bridge arm switch 30a, and a first pole of the fourth switch S32 can serve as a second connection terminal of the bridge arm switch 30 a. The third switch S31 and the fourth switch S32 are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the fourth switch S32 is turned off when the third switch S31 is turned on in one switching period, or the fourth switch S32 is turned on when the third switch S31 is turned off in one switching period. Similarly, referring to the specific structure of the arm switch 30a in fig. 3 for the other arm switches from the arm switches 30a to 30n, the arm switch 30n includes a third switch S31 and a fourth switch S32, a first pole of the third switch S3q-1 and a second pole of the fourth switch S3q can be connected in series to serve as an arm midpoint of the arm switch 30n, a second pole of the third switch S3q-1 can serve as a first connection end of the arm switch 30n, and a first pole of the fourth switch S3q can serve as a second connection end of the arm switch 30 n. The third switch S3q-1 and the fourth switch S3q are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the fourth switch S3q is turned off when the third switch S3q-1 is turned on, or the fourth switch S3q is turned on when the third switch S3q-1 is turned off.
In some possible embodiments, in the case of performing boost discharge on the energy storage unit 2a, the controller 20 may control the first switch S1 to be turned on, control a fourth switch in each of the arm switches 30a to 30n to be turned on and a third switch in each arm switch to be turned off in a first time period, and control a third switch in each of the arm switches 30a to 30n to be turned on and a fourth switch in each arm switch to be turned off in a second time period, so as to achieve the purpose of performing boost discharge on the energy storage unit 2a to supply power to the target device 3a (such as a load), where the battery management system 1a is in a normal operation mode and the energy storage unit 2a is in a discharge state. The first switch S1 is always turned on during the whole voltage boosting discharging process of the energy storage unit 2a, in other words, the first switch S1 is normally closed during the whole voltage boosting discharging process. The first time period may be understood as a time period earlier than the second time period in the switching cycle of each bridge arm switch. Optionally, in the process of performing voltage boosting and discharging on the energy storage unit 2a, the controller 20 may control the second switch S2 to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip 10, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein.
In some possible embodiments, since the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n may form a bridge conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit may be used to assist the actions of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n, the energy storage unit 2a may be subjected to a discharge protection (e.g., a discharge current limiting) function during the process of performing voltage boosting and discharge on the energy storage unit 2 a. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. In addition, since the bridge converter circuit (i.e., the main power circuit of the battery management system 1a) is a DC/DC converter circuit and the DC/DC converter circuit has a DC voltage conversion function, it is also possible to realize the output voltage adjustment (may also be referred to as output voltage self-regulation) of the battery management system 1a or the output constant voltage function of the battery management system 1a during the step-up and discharge of the energy storage unit 2 a.
Specifically, controller 20 described above may generate drive signals for first switch S1, and third and fourth switches in each of bridge arm switches 30a through 30n, where the drive signals may determine the switching duty cycle, switching frequency, and switching period of the switches. The driving signal of the first switch S1 and the driving signals of the third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch may be determined by the battery voltage and the battery temperature of each of the batteries B1 to Bm and the current flowing through each battery. Since the batteries B1 to Bm are connected in series, the current flowing through each of the batteries B1 to Bm has the same value, and the current flowing through each battery has the same value as the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2 a.
Further, in a case that the driving signal is a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal, the controller 20 may further control the first switch S1 to be always turned on (or normally closed) based on the PWM signal of the first switch S1, and control the fourth switches S32 and … … and the fourth switch S3q to be turned on and control the third switches S31 and … … and the third switch S3q-1 to be turned off in a first time period based on the PWM signals of the third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch, so as to discharge the energy storage unit 2a to store energy in the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n, that is, to implement an excitation process from the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1 n. The controller 20 may further control the third switches S31, … … and the third switch S3q-1 to be turned on and the fourth switches S32, … … and the fourth switch S3q to be turned off in the second time period based on PWM signals of the third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch, where energy stored in the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n may discharge and freewheel to charge the target device 3a (e.g., a load) (i.e., a demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n), so as to achieve the functions of boosting and discharging the energy storage unit 2a, limiting the discharging and current of the energy storage unit 2a, and adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1 a.
It can be understood that, when the switching duty ratio of the third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch is larger, the more energy stored in the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n, the larger the output voltage of the battery management system 1a is; conversely, the smaller the switching duty ratio of the third switch and the fourth switch in each arm switch, the less the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L1a through the energy storage inductor L1n, the smaller the output voltage of the battery management system 1 a. Therefore, the controller 20 can control the first switch S1 and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n to cooperate with each other, so as to implement the boosting and discharging functions of the energy storage unit 2a, the discharging protection function of the energy storage unit 2a, and the output voltage of the battery management system 1a is adjustable, so that the system has richer functions and stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, in the case of performing step-down charging on energy storage unit 2a, controller 20 may control first switch S1 to be turned on, control a third switch of each of bridge arm switches 30a to 30n to be turned on and a fourth switch of each of bridge arm switches to be turned off in a first time period, and control a fourth switch of each of bridge arm switches 30a to 30n to be turned on and a third switch of each of bridge arm switches to be turned off in a second time period, so as to achieve the purpose of performing step-down charging on energy storage unit 2a by target device 3a (such as a power supply), where battery management system 1a is in a normal operation mode and energy storage unit 2a is in a charging state. The first switch S1 is always turned on during the whole buck charging process of the energy storage unit 2a, in other words, the first switch S1 is normally closed during the whole buck charging process. The first time period may be understood as a time period earlier than the second time period in the switching cycle of each bridge arm switch. Optionally, in the process of performing step-down charging on the energy storage unit 2a, the controller may control the second switch S2 to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip 10, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Since the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n may form a bridge conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit may be used to assist the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n to operate, the function of charging protection (e.g., charging current limiting) on the energy storage unit 2a may also be implemented during the step-down charging of the energy storage unit 2 a.
Specifically, the controller 20 described above may generate a drive signal for the first switch S1, and drive signals for the third and fourth switches in each of the arm switches 30a through 30 n. The driving signal of the first switch S1 and the driving signals of the third switch and the fourth switch in each arm switch may be determined by the battery voltage and the battery temperature of each of the batteries B1 to Bm and the current flowing through each battery. Since the batteries B1 to Bm are connected in series, the current flowing through each of the batteries B1 to Bm has the same value, and the current flowing through each battery has the same value as the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2 a.
Further, in the case that the driving signal is a PWM signal, the controller 20 may further control the first switch S1 to be always on (or normally off) based on the PWM signal of the first switch S1, and control the third switches S31 and … … and the third switch S3q-1 to be on and control the fourth switches S32 and … … and the fourth switch S3q to be off in the first time period based on the PWM signals of the third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch, so as to enable the target device 3a (e.g., a power supply) to discharge to store energy in the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n, that is, enable the excitation processes of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1 n. The controller 20 may further control the third switches S31, … … and the third switch S3q-1 to be turned on and the fourth switches S32, … … and the fourth switch S3q to be turned off in the second time period based on PWM signals of the third switch and the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch, where energy stored in the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n may discharge to freewheel to charge the energy storage unit 2a (i.e., a demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n), so as to implement the functions of charging the energy storage unit 2a in a voltage reduction manner and charging the current limitation manner. Therefore, the controller 20 can control the first switch S1 and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n to cooperate with each other, so as to implement the step-down charging of the energy storage unit 2a and the charging protection of the energy storage unit 2a, and the system has richer functions and stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, since the battery management system 1a does not limit the number of the batteries B1 to Bm in the energy storage unit 2a, the battery management system 1a can also perform boost discharge and buck charge on all the batteries in the energy storage unit 2a while reducing the number of the batteries in the energy storage unit 2a and increasing the battery capacity, which is lower in cost and more applicable. Because the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n and the bridge arm switch 30a to the bridge arm switch 30n may form a bridge type conversion circuit, that is, the battery management system 1a may integrate the analog front-end chip 10 and the bridge type conversion circuit (a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit), and the power consumption of the analog front-end chip 10 is very low, the functions of charging the target device 3a (such as a load) by low-power consumption direct output and bidirectional power conversion may be simultaneously implemented, wherein the bidirectional power conversion function may be used to implement the boost discharging process and the buck charging process of the energy storage unit 2 a.
In addition, because the current limiting during the boosting and discharging process of the energy storage unit 2a can be realized, and the current limiting during the voltage-reducing and charging process of the energy storage unit 2a can be realized, the function of current-limiting output uninterrupted power can be realized under the condition that the charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit 2a is larger, thereby avoiding the potential safety hazard caused by directly cutting off the output of the battery management system 1a, improving the safety of the energy storage unit 2a, prolonging the service life of the energy storage unit 2a, and having stronger applicability. Moreover, since the batteries B1 to Bm are connected (e.g. connected in parallel) to the same analog front end chip 10, the battery management system 1a can implement a voltage boosting discharge process and a voltage dropping charge process for each of the batteries B1 to Bm, that is, the battery management system 1a can implement a multi-unit (i.e. multiple batteries) parallel operation charging and discharging function, thereby improving the output power (also referred to as parallel operation power) of the battery management system 1a, and having stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, in a case where the battery management system 1a is applied to a low power consumption application scenario, when the battery management system 1a is in a standby state (i.e. the battery management system 1a is in a standby operation mode) and the target device 3a is a load with a smaller power, the controller 20 may enter a sleep state (e.g. a deep sleep state) and cannot normally operate due to the large resource requirement and the large power consumption of the controller 20. That is, at this time, the controller 20 cannot control the bridge circuit formed by the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n and the arm switches 30a to the arm switch 30n to maintain the power supply of the load with a smaller output power. The standby state may be a state in which the battery management system 1a is turned on but does not perform any substantial work, and the sleep state may be a state in which the controller 20 stores all running real-time data on the hard disk and turns off all unnecessary hardware to save power.
In some possible embodiments, when the controller 20 enters the sleep state, the front-end analog chip 10 may control the second switch S2 to be turned on, and control the first switch S1 and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n to be turned off, so as to achieve the purpose that the energy storage unit 2a supplies power to a load with smaller power; furthermore, since the power consumption of the analog front-end chip 10 is extremely low, the power consumption of the entire system can be kept low while supplying power to a load with a small power, and thus, the ultra-low power consumption and long-time standby function of the battery management system 1a can be realized. When the second switch S2 is turned on, the first switch S1 is turned off, and a pulse current flows through the current limiting resistor R11, a voltage drop is formed across the current limiting resistor R11 to obtain a pulse voltage, and the pulse voltage can be used to activate the controller 20, so that a pulse current activation (also referred to as small current wake-up) function can be realized, and the applicability is stronger.
In some possible embodiments, when the controller 20 enters the sleep state, the analog front-end chip 10 may further continuously collect the battery parameters of each of the batteries B1 to Bm (i.e., the energy storage unit 2a), so as to implement the function of maintaining the battery sampling when the battery management system 1a is in the standby operation mode. The battery parameters may include, but are not limited to, a battery voltage of each battery, a battery temperature of each battery, and a current flowing through each battery, and may be determined according to an actual application scenario, which is not limited herein. Here, the current flowing through each battery may be understood as a charging current or a discharging current of the main power circuit of the battery management system 1a (i.e., a charging and discharging current of the main power circuit). Meanwhile, the analog front-end chip 10 can monitor whether the working states of the batteries B1 to Bm are normal or not in real time based on the battery parameters of each battery, so that the safety of the batteries B1 to Bm is improved, the service lives of the batteries B1 to Bm are prolonged, and the applicability is stronger.
In some possible embodiments, the battery management system 1a shown in fig. 4 may further include other devices, which may include, but are not limited to, a current sampling resistor, a filter capacitor, and/or a fuse, please refer to fig. 5 together, and fig. 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the battery management system provided in this application. As shown in fig. 5, the battery management system 1a shown in fig. 4 further includes a current sampling resistor R12, and the second connection end of each of the arm switches 30a to 30n may be connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2a through the current sampling resistor R12. For example, the second connection terminal of the bridge arm switch 30a may be connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit 2a through a current sampling resistor R12, … …, and the second connection terminal of the bridge arm switch 30n may be connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit 2a through a current sampling resistor R12. In the case of performing short-circuit protection on the energy storage unit 2a, the current sampling resistor R12 can collect the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2a in real time. Further, the controller 20 may control the first switch S1 and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n to be turned off when the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2a and collected by the current sampling resistor R12 is greater than a preset current threshold, and control the second switch S2 to be turned off through the front-end chip 10, so as to achieve the purpose of performing short-circuit protection on the energy storage unit 2 a. The preset current threshold may be a current threshold configured by the battery management system 1a, a current threshold set by a user, or a current threshold configured by the energy storage unit 2a when leaving a factory.
Alternatively, in some possible embodiments, the analog front-end chip 10 may collect the battery parameters of each of the batteries B1 to Bm (i.e., the energy storage unit 2a), and transmit the battery parameters of each battery to the controller 20 through the SCL pin and the SDA pin. The battery parameters include a battery voltage, a battery temperature (also referred to as a cell temperature), and a temperature flowing through each battery. At this time, the controller 20 may control different switching actions among the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the arm switches 30a to 30n based on the battery parameter of each battery, thereby implementing the protection function of the energy storage unit 2 a; meanwhile, the voltage difference between any two batteries from the battery B1 to the battery Bm can be controlled within a certain voltage range, so that the voltage balance function from the battery B1 to the battery Bm is realized, and the applicability is stronger. The protection function of the energy storage unit 2a may include, but is not limited to: a charge protection function (e.g., a charge current limiting function) of the energy storage unit 2a, a discharge protection function (e.g., a discharge current limiting function) of the energy storage unit 2a, and a short circuit protection function of the energy storage unit 2 a.
In some possible embodiments, in the case that the battery voltages of the batteries B1 to Bm in the energy storage unit 2a are different, the controller 20 may adjust the charging current limiting point of the energy storage unit 2a based on the battery voltage and the battery temperature of the energy storage unit 2a (i.e., the battery pack), that is, the battery management system 1a may achieve self-regulation of the charging rate of the energy storage unit 2a, thereby prolonging the service life of the energy storage unit 2 a. The battery voltage and the battery temperature of the energy storage unit 2a may be determined by the battery voltages and the battery temperatures of the battery B1 to the battery Bm; the charging current limit point may determine the magnitude of a charging rate, which is a current value required when the energy storage unit 2a is charged to its rated capacity within a predetermined time. In addition, when detecting that the battery temperature of the energy storage unit 2a is less than the preset temperature threshold value, the controller 20 can perform circulating voltage-boosting discharging and voltage-reducing charging on the energy storage unit 2a to uniformly heat the energy storage unit 2a, so that the low-temperature self-heating process of the energy storage unit 2a is realized, the problem of poor charging performance of the energy storage unit 2a in a low-temperature environment is solved, and the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage unit 2a is improved. The preset temperature threshold may be a temperature threshold set by a user or a temperature threshold configured for the energy storage unit 2a to leave a factory. In addition, the battery management system 1a heats the energy storage unit 2a based on an internal bridge type conversion circuit without an external heating device, so that the cost is lower, and the applicability is stronger.
In some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the battery management system 1a shown in fig. 4 further includes a first filter capacitor C11 and a second filter capacitor C12, where the first filter capacitor C11 is connected in parallel with the energy storage unit 2a, the second filter capacitor C12 is connected in parallel with each of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n, the first filter capacitor C11 and the second filter capacitor C12 may be understood as port capacitors of the battery management system 1a, and the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n may form a bridge conversion circuit. In the case of performing the step-down charging on the energy storage unit 2a, the first filter capacitor C11 may filter the voltage signal output by the bridge converter circuit to obtain a charging voltage signal, where the voltage signal output by the bridge converter circuit may be determined by the voltage provided by the target device 3a (e.g., a power supply). The charging voltage signal can be used to determine the charging voltage to charge the energy storage unit 2a, so that the waveform corresponding to the charging voltage is smoother, and the charging efficiency of the energy storage unit 2a is further improved. In the case of boosting and discharging the energy storage unit 2a, the second filter capacitor C12 may filter the voltage signal output by the bridge converter circuit to obtain a discharge voltage signal, where the voltage signal output by the bridge converter circuit may be determined by the voltage provided by the energy storage unit 2 a. The discharge voltage signal can be used to determine a discharge voltage for charging the target device 3a (e.g., a load), so that the waveform corresponding to the discharge voltage is smoother, and the discharge efficiency of the energy storage unit 2a is further improved.
In some possible embodiments, since the battery management system 1a may integrate the bridge converter circuit, the battery management system 1a may set the port output voltage (i.e., the voltage across the port capacitor) according to the user requirement or the product requirement, that is, the battery management system 1a may be compatible with different port output voltages, that is, the battery management system 1a may implement port output multi-platform voltage compatibility, it is not necessary to adjust the circuit topology of the battery management system 1a according to different port output voltages (e.g., the charging voltage or the discharging voltage), which is beneficial to the normalization of the battery management system 1a, and the applicability is stronger. Therefore, the output voltage of the port of the battery management system 1a does not decrease with the voltage decrease of the energy storage unit 2a, that is, under the condition that the electric quantity of the energy storage unit 2a decreases, the battery management system 1a can keep the output power unchanged, so that the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage unit 2a is improved, and the applicability is stronger.
In some possible embodiments, in the case that the battery management system 1a is connected with a plurality of energy storage units (which may include the energy storage unit 2a), a plurality of analog front-end chips 10 are present in the battery management system 1a, and one analog front-end chip 10 is connected with one energy storage unit, that is, the number of the analog front-end chips 10 is the same as the number of the energy storage units, and the analog front-end chips 10 and the energy storage units correspond to each other one to one. In the process of charging the energy storage units in a step-down manner, the target device is a power source (e.g., a charging cabinet), and when the charging cabinet fails, the controller 20 may detect a state of charge (SOC) of each energy storage unit in the energy storage units, and control the energy storage unit with a lower SOC in the energy storage units to charge the energy storage unit with a higher SOC in the energy storage units until the energy storage unit is fully charged, so that the energy storage units can be charged with each other. That is, the controller 20 may preferentially fill the energy storage unit with a higher SOC among the plurality of energy storage units until most of the plurality of energy storage units are fully charged, and at this time, the fully charged energy storage unit may supply power to the load, thereby ensuring user availability and having stronger applicability. Further, the controller 20 may also control other energy storage units of the plurality of energy storage units that are not fully charged or are not charged to be disconnected, or charge other energy storage units that are not fully charged or are not charged until being fully charged after the charging cabinet is powered on, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein.
In some possible embodiments, before performing the boost discharging and the buck charging (i.e., high power charging and discharging) on the energy storage unit 2a, the controller 20 may further control the first switch S1 to be turned off, and control the second switch S2 to be turned on through the analog front-end chip 10, so as to perform current limiting through the current limiting resistor R11 until a voltage difference between the voltage of the energy storage unit 2a and the voltage across the second filter capacitor C12 is smaller than a preset voltage threshold, where the energy storage unit 2a performs the pre-discharging successfully, thereby improving the stability of the energy storage unit 2 a. In other words, the controller 20 may control the first switch S1 to be turned off, and control the second switch S2 to be turned on through the analog front-end chip 10, so that the energy storage unit 2a charges the target device 3a (e.g., a capacitive load) through the series branch formed by the second switch S2 and the current-limiting resistor R11 until a voltage difference between the voltage of the energy storage unit 2a and the voltage across the second filter capacitor C12 is smaller than a preset voltage threshold. The preset voltage threshold may be a voltage threshold configured by the battery management system 1a, or a voltage threshold set by a user. After the energy storage unit 2a is pre-discharged successfully, the controller 20 may control different switching actions among the first switch S1, the arm switches 30a to 30n, and the second switch S2, so as to achieve the purpose of performing high-power charging and discharging on the energy storage unit 2a, and improve the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage unit 2 a.
In some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the battery management system 1a shown in fig. 4 further includes a fuse FU1, and the first connection end of each of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit 2a through the fuse FU 1. For example, the first connection terminal of the energy storage inductor L1a may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit 2a through the fuse FU1, … …, and the first connection terminal of the energy storage inductor L1n may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit 2a through the fuse FU 1. When the bridge type conversion circuit is in fault or works abnormally, the fuse FU1 can be fused to cut off the bridge type conversion circuit, so that the damage to devices in the battery management system 1a can be avoided, the safety of the whole system and the energy storage unit 2a is improved, and the applicability is stronger.
In some possible embodiments, the specific number of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n and the specific number of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n may be determined by a circuit topology of the battery management system 1a, and is not limited herein. For example, when the circuit topology of the battery management system 1a is a three-phase bridge converter circuit topology, the number of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n is 3, the number of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n is 3, and the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n may form a three-phase bridge converter circuit; when the circuit topology of the battery management system 1a is a two-phase bridge conversion circuit topology, the number of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n is 2, the number of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n is 2, and the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n may form a two-phase bridge conversion circuit; in the case that the circuit topology of the battery management system 1a is a single-phase bridge conversion circuit topology, the number of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n is 1, and the number of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n is 1, that is, the battery management system 1a includes one energy storage inductor (for example, any one of the energy storage inductors L1a to L1n) and one bridge arm switch (for example, any one of the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n connected to any one energy storage inductor), and the energy storage inductor and the bridge arm switch can form a single-phase bridge conversion circuit. Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of the battery management system provided in the present application.
In some possible embodiments, in the case that the circuit topology of the battery management system 1a is a two-phase bridge conversion circuit topology (which may be simply referred to as a two-phase bridge circuit), the specific circuit structure of the battery management system 1a is shown as 6a in fig. 6, the battery management system 1a includes two filter inductors (e.g., a filter inductor L1a and a filter inductor L1n), two bridge arm switches (e.g., a bridge arm switch 30a and a bridge arm switch 30n), the analog front end chip 10, the controller 20, a first filter capacitor C11, a second filter capacitor C12, a first switch S1 (i.e., a main discharge tube), a second switch S2 (i.e., a pre-discharge switch), a current limiting resistor R11 (a pre-discharge current limiting resistor), a fuse FU1, and a current sampling resistor R12. The third switch S31 and the fourth switch S32 in the bridge arm switch 30a, and the third switch S3q-1 and the fourth switch S3q in the bridge arm switch 30n can be understood as main power switches in the two-phase bridge circuit.
In some possible embodiments, in a case that the output power of the battery management system 1a is relatively low, the circuit topology of the battery management system 1a may be a single-phase bridge converter circuit topology (which may be simply referred to as a single-phase bridge circuit), where the specific circuit structure of the battery management system 1a is shown as 6b in fig. 6, the battery management system 1a includes a filter inductor (e.g., filter inductor L1a), a bridge arm switch (e.g., bridge arm switch 30a), the analog front-end chip 10, the controller 20, a first filter capacitor C11, a second filter capacitor C12, a first discharge tube S1 (i.e., a main discharge tube), a second switch S2 (i.e., a pre-discharge switch), a current limiting resistor R11 (pre-discharge current limiting resistor), a fuse FU1, and a current sampling resistor R12. The third switch S31 and the fourth switch S32 in the bridge arm switch 30a can be understood as main power switches in the two-phase bridge circuit. As the use of bridge arm switches and energy storage inductors is reduced in the single-phase bridge circuit, the cost and the volume of the battery management system 1a can be greatly reduced, and the applicability is stronger. For convenience of description, the operation principle of the battery management system 1a will be described below by taking the circuit topology as a two-phase bridge conversion circuit topology as an example, and the description thereof is omitted. Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the battery management system provided in the present application.
In some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, the first switch S1, the second switch S2, the third switch S31, the fourth switch S32, the third switch S3q-1 and the fourth switch S3q are MOS transistors, and the controller 20 may connect the gate of each of the first switch S1, the third switch S31, the fourth switch S32, the third switch S3q-1 and the fourth switch S3q to control the driving burst (such as the PWM signal). The analog front end chip 10 may be connected to the gate of the second switch S2 to control the second switch S2 to be turned on or off, for example, the analog front end chip 10 may be connected to the gate of the second switch S2 through the DSG pin. The controller 20 may issue a command to the analog front-end chip 10 through the SCL pin and the SDA pin, so that the analog front-end chip 10 controls the second switch S2 to perform a switching action (i.e., turn on or off). In addition, the analog front-end chip 10 may further collect the battery voltage and the battery temperature of each of the batteries B1 to Bm and the current flowing through each battery, and transmit the battery voltage and the battery temperature of each battery and the current flowing through each battery to the controller 20 through the SCL pin and the SDA pin, so that the controller 20 controls the driving wave generation (such as the PWM signal described above) of each of the first switch S1, the third switch S31, the fourth switch S32, the third switch S3q-1, and the fourth switch S3q, thereby implementing the functions of performing boost discharge and discharge protection (such as discharge current limiting) on the energy storage unit 2a and performing buck charge and charge protection (such as charge current limiting) on the energy storage unit 2a, and the system function is richer and has stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, during the process of performing the boosting discharge on the energy storage unit 2a, referring to fig. 8, a schematic diagram of a discharge loop of the battery management system 1a is shown, and fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a discharge loop of the battery management system provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 8, the controller 20 may control the first switch S1 to be always turned on (i.e., normally closed), and control the fourth switch S32 and the fourth switch S3q to be turned on and the third switch S31 and the third switch S3q-1 to be turned off in a first period of time, at this time, the energy storage inductor L1a and the energy storage inductor L1n are shorted between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2a, and the energy storage unit 2a discharges to store energy in the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n (i.e., during the excitation process from the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n), during which the current flows along the path (i). Further, the controller 20 may control the third switch S31 and the third switch S3q-1 to be turned on and the fourth switch S32 and the fourth switch S3q to be turned off in the second time period, at this time, the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L1a and the energy storage inductor L1n may discharge and freewheel and transfer the energy to the target device 3a (i.e., the demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n), so as to achieve the purpose of charging the target device 3a (e.g., a load), and the current flows along the path in the demagnetization process, thereby achieving the whole boost discharge process of the energy storage unit 2 a.
In the whole boosting and discharging process, the driving timing sequence of the bridge arm switch 30a formed by the third switch S31 and the fourth switch S32 and the driving timing sequence of the bridge arm switch 30n formed by the third switch S3q-1 and the fourth switch S3q have a certain phase difference (for example, pi), wherein the certain phase may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Meanwhile, the energy storage inductor L1a, the energy storage inductor L1n, the bridge arm switch 30a, and the bridge arm switch 30n may form a bridge conversion circuit, and since the switching frequency of the third switch S31, the third switch S3q-1, the fourth switch S32, and the fourth switch S3q may reach the KHz level (that is, the unit of the switching frequency is KHz), and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit may be used to assist the third switch S31, the third switch S3q-1, the fourth switch S32, and the fourth switch S3q in operation, a function of performing discharge protection (such as discharge current limiting) on the energy storage unit 2a and adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1a may also be implemented.
In some possible embodiments, during the step-down charging process of the energy storage unit 2a, referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a charging circuit of the battery management system 1 a. As shown in fig. 9, the controller 20 may control the first switch S1 to be always turned on (i.e., normally closed), and control the third switch S31 and the third switch S3q-1 to be turned on and the fourth switch S32 and the fourth switch S3q to be turned off in a first period of time, at this time, the target device 3a (e.g., a power supply) stores energy in the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n (i.e., during an excitation process from the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n), and a current flows along the path (i) during the excitation process. Further, the controller 20 may control the fourth switch S32 and the fourth switch S3q to be turned on and the third switch S31 and the third switch S3q-1 to be turned off in the second time period, at this time, the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n may be discharged and freewheeled to charge the energy storage unit 2a (i.e., the demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n), and the current flows along the path (S) during the demagnetization process, so as to implement the whole buck charging process of the energy storage unit 2 a.
In the whole buck charging process, the driving timing sequence of the bridge arm switch 30a formed by the third switch S31 and the fourth switch S32 and the driving timing sequence of the bridge arm switch 30n formed by the third switch S3q-1 and the fourth switch S3q have a certain phase difference (for example, pi), and the certain phase may be determined according to practical applications, which is not limited herein. Meanwhile, the energy storage inductor L1a, the energy storage inductor L1n, the bridge arm switch 30a and the bridge arm switch 30n can form a bridge type conversion circuit, the switching frequency of the third switch S31, the third switch S3q-1, the fourth switch S32 and the fourth switch S3q can reach the KHz level, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge type conversion circuit can be used for assisting the third switch S31, the third switch S3q-1, the fourth switch S32 and the fourth switch S3q to act, so that the function of charging and current limiting on the energy storage unit 2a can be realized.
In the battery management system 1a provided by the present application, the controller 20 may control different switching actions among the first switch S1, the arm switches 30a to 30n, and the second switch S2, so as to implement buck charging and charging protection of the energy storage unit 2a, boost discharging and discharging protection of the energy storage unit 2a, and short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit 2a, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage unit 2a and prolonging the service life of the energy storage unit 2 a; in addition, the adjustable output voltage of the battery management system 1a or the ultra-low power consumption and long-time standby functions of the battery management system 1a can be realized, so that the application flexibility of battery management is improved, the system functions are rich, the cost is lower, and the applicability is strong.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is another structural schematic diagram of the battery management system provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 10, the battery management system 1b includes an analog front-end chip 11, a controller 21, a first switch Q1, a second switch Q2, a third switch Q3, a current-limiting resistor R21, at least one energy-storage inductor (e.g., the energy-storage inductor L2a to the energy-storage inductor L2n), and at least one bridge-arm switch (e.g., the bridge-arm switch 31a to the bridge-arm switch 31 n). The analog front-end chip 11 may be connected to the energy storage unit 2B (i.e., a battery pack), the energy storage unit 2B may be formed by at least one battery (i.e., one or more batteries), and each of the at least one battery (e.g., the battery B1 to the battery Bm) may be connected to the analog front-end chip 11, wherein the number of the batteries B1 to the battery Bm is greater than or equal to 1, and the number of the batteries B1 to the battery Bm may be determined by an actual application scenario, which is not limited herein. The first connection end of the first switch Q1 may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit 2b, the second connection end of the first switch Q1 may be connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2b through the second switch Q2, and the third switch Q3 and the current limiting resistor R21 may be connected in series and then connected in parallel with the first switch Q1. The first switch Q1 (i.e., the upper arm switch) and the second switch Q2 (i.e., the lower arm switch) may form one arm switch, and the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the second switch Q2 is turned off when the first switch Q1 is turned on, or the second switch Q2 is turned on when the first switch Q1 is turned off. The current-limiting resistor R21 can be used to limit the current of the branch where the current-limiting resistor R21 is located (i.e., the series branch formed by the third switch Q3 and the current-limiting resistor R21), so as to prevent the component connected in series (i.e., the third switch Q3) from being burnt out due to excessive current, improve the safety of the third switch Q3, prolong the service life of the third switch Q3, and have strong applicability.
In some possible embodiments, the second connection terminal of the first switch Q1 is further connected to the energy storage inductor L2a and the first connection terminal of each energy storage inductor L2n, for example, the second connection terminal of the first switch Q1 is further connected to the first connection terminal … … of the energy storage inductor L2a, and the second connection terminal of the first switch Q1 is further connected to the first connection terminal 2n of the energy storage inductor L2 n. The second connection end of one of the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n connects the bridge arm midpoint of one of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31 n. For example, the second connection end of the energy storage inductor L2a is connected to the bridge arm midpoint of the bridge arm switch 31a, and the second connection end of the energy storage inductor L2n is connected to the bridge arm midpoint of the bridge arm switch 31 n. The connection relationship between the energy storage inductors and the bridge arm switches can be obtained, the number of the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n is the same as the number of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n, and the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n are in one-to-one correspondence with the bridge arm switches 31a to 31 n.
In some possible embodiments, the first connection end of each of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n is connected to a first connection end (e.g., a P + positive connection end) of the target device 3b, and the second connection end of each of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n is connected to a negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2b and a second connection end (e.g., a P-negative connection end) of the target device 3 b. For example, the first connection end of the bridge arm switch 31a may be connected to the P + positive connection end of the target device 3b, and the second connection end of the bridge arm switch 31a may be connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2b and the P-negative connection end of the target device 3 b; … …, the first connection end of the bridge arm switch 31n can be connected to the P + positive connection end of the target device 3b, and the second connection end of the bridge arm switch 31n can be connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2b and the P-negative connection end of the target device 3 b. Wherein, when the energy storage unit 2b is in a charging state, the target device 3b may be an external power source (such as a charging cabinet or other power source); conversely, when the energy storage unit 2b is in a discharge state, the target device 3b may be a load, the first connection end of each bridge arm switch may be understood as a positive electrode output by the energy storage unit 2b through the battery management system 1b, and the second connection end of each bridge arm switch may be understood as a negative electrode output by the energy storage unit 2b through the battery management system 1 b.
In some possible embodiments, the controller 21 may include, but is not limited to, a control board and a control chip; the controller 21 may establish wired communication or wireless communication with the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n, and the front-end chip 11 may establish wired communication or wireless communication with the second switch Q2, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. In the case where the controller 21 establishes wired communication with the analog front end chip 11, a communication pin is included in the analog front end chip 11, and the analog front end chip 11 may transmit data or instructions with the controller 21 through the communication pin. The communication pins include, but are not limited to, an SCL pin, an SDA pin, and an SPI pin (a kind of communication pin), for example, as shown in fig. 10, the analog front-end chip 11 includes the SCL pin and the SDA pin. In addition, the analog front-end chip 11 further includes a CHG pin (charging switch control pin) and a DSG pin (discharging switch control pin), where the CHG pin may be used to control a switching action (e.g., on or off) in the battery management system 1b to charge the energy storage unit 2b, and the DSG pin may be used to control a switching action (e.g., on or off) in the battery management system 1b to discharge the energy storage unit 2 b. Optionally, the analog front-end chip 11 may further include other functional pins, and the other functional pins may be determined according to an actual application scenario, which is not limited herein.
In some possible embodiments, the controller 21 may control each of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to be turned on or off, the arm switches 31a to 31n to operate, and the analog front-end chip 11 may control the third switch Q3 to be turned on or off. It can be understood that the controller 21 can control all of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned off; or the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n are all controlled to be turned on; or controlling the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, and one part of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned on, and controlling the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, and another part of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned off, so as to implement different battery management functions, where the battery management functions may include but are not limited to: a charging protection function of the energy storage unit 2b, a discharging protection function of the energy storage unit 2b, a short-circuit protection function of the energy storage unit 2b, or a function of adjusting an output voltage of the battery management system 1 b. The specific switching operations of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, and the arm switches 31a to 31n may be determined by actual operating requirements of the energy storage unit 2b or the battery management system 1b, and are not limited herein. Optionally, the controller 21 may further send a switch control instruction to the analog front-end chip 11 through the SCL pin and the SDA pin, so that the analog front-end chip 11 controls, through the switch control instruction, each of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the third switch Q3 to be turned on or off based on the CHG pin and the DSG pin, and controls the actions of the arm switches 31a to 31n, thereby implementing different battery management functions.
It can be understood that the controller 21 may control different switching actions of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n, so as to implement charging protection of the energy storage unit 2b, discharging protection of the energy storage unit 2b, and short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit 2b, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage unit 2b, and prolonging the service life of the energy storage unit 2 b; in addition, the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1b can be realized, so that the application flexibility of battery management is improved, the system function is richer, the cost is lower, and the applicability is strong.
In some possible embodiments, each of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n may include a fourth switch (i.e., an upper bridge arm switch) and a fifth switch (i.e., a lower bridge arm switch), wherein a first pole of the fourth switch and a second pole of the fifth switch may be connected in series to serve as a bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm switch, a second pole of the fourth switch may serve as a first connection end of each bridge arm switch, and a first pole of the fifth switch may serve as a second connection end of each bridge arm switch. The fourth switch and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the fifth switch is turned off when the fourth switch is turned on, or the fifth switch is turned on when the fourth switch is turned off. Assuming that the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch are both MOS transistors, the first pole of the fourth switch and the first pole of the fifth switch are source electrodes, and the second pole of the fourth switch and the second pole of the fifth switch are drain electrodes. Specific structures of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n can be seen in fig. 11, and fig. 11 is another schematic structural diagram of the battery management system provided in the present application.
In some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 11, the bridge arm switch 31a shown in fig. 10 includes a fourth switch Q41 and a fifth switch Q42, a first pole of the fourth switch Q41 and a second pole of the fifth switch Q42 may be connected in series to serve as a bridge arm midpoint of the bridge arm switch 31a, a second pole of the fourth switch Q41 may serve as a first connection terminal of the bridge arm switch 31a, and a first pole of the fifth switch Q42 may serve as a second connection terminal of the bridge arm switch 31 a. The fourth switch Q41 and the fifth switch Q42 are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the fifth switch Q42 is turned off when the fourth switch Q41 is turned on in one switching period, or the fifth switch Q42 is turned on when the fourth switch Q41 is turned off in one switching period. Similarly, referring to the specific structure of the arm switch 31a in fig. 10 for the other arm switches from the arm switches 31a to 31n, the arm switch 31n includes a fourth switch Q41 and a fifth switch Q42, a first pole of the fourth switch Q4Q-1 and a second pole of the fifth switch Q4Q can be connected in series to serve as an arm midpoint of the arm switch 31n, a second pole of the fourth switch Q4Q-1 can serve as a first connection terminal of the arm switch 31n, and a first pole of the fifth switch Q4Q can serve as a second connection terminal of the arm switch 31 n. The fourth switch Q4Q-1 and the fifth switch Q4Q are complementarily turned on in one switching period, that is, the fifth switch Q4Q is turned off when the fourth switch Q4Q-1 is turned on, or the fifth switch Q4Q is turned on when the fourth switch Q4Q-1 is turned off.
In some possible embodiments, in the case of performing boost discharge on the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may control the first switch Q1 to be turned on, the second switch Q2 to be turned off, the fourth switch in each of the arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned off, the fifth switch in each arm switch to be turned on in the first period, and the fourth switch in each of the arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned on, and the fifth switch in each arm switch to be turned off in the second period, so as to achieve the purpose of performing boost discharge on the energy storage unit 2b to supply power to the target device 3b (such as a load), where the battery management system 1b is in the normal operation mode and the energy storage unit 2b is in the discharge state. During the whole voltage boosting and discharging process of the energy storage unit 2b, the first switch Q1 is always on and the second switch Q2 is always off, in other words, the first switch Q1 is normally closed and the second switch Q2 is normally open during the whole voltage boosting and discharging process. The first time period is a time period which is earlier than the second time period in the first switching period of each bridge arm switch. Optionally, in the process of boosting and discharging the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may control the third switch Q3 to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip 11, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein.
In some possible embodiments, since the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, and the bridge arm switch 31a to the bridge arm switch 31n may form a bridge conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit may be used to assist the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switch 31a to the bridge arm switch 31n to operate, a function of performing discharge protection (e.g., discharge current limiting) on the energy storage unit 2b may also be implemented in the process of performing voltage boosting and discharge on the energy storage unit 2 b. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. Since the bridge converter circuit (i.e., the main power circuit of the battery management system 1 b) is a DC/DC converter circuit having a DC voltage conversion function, the output voltage of the battery management system 1b can be adjusted (also referred to as output self-regulating voltage) or the battery management system 1b can output a constant voltage during the process of boosting and discharging the energy storage unit 2 b.
Specifically, controller 21 may generate a driving signal for each of first switch Q1 and second switch Q2, and a driving signal for each of arm switches 31 a-31 n, where the driving signals may determine a switching frequency, a switching duty cycle, and a switching period of the switches. The driving signals of the switches of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 and the driving signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch of each bridge arm switch are determined by the battery voltage and the battery temperature of each of the batteries B1 to Bm and the current flowing through each battery. Since the batteries B1 to Bm are connected in series, the current flowing through each of the batteries B1 to Bm has the same value, and the current flowing through each battery has the same value as the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2B.
Further, in the case that the driving signal is a PWM signal, the controller 21 may further control the first switch Q1 to be always on (i.e., normally closed), the second switch Q2 to be always off (i.e., normally open) based on the PWM signals of the switches in the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, and control the fourth switches Q41 and … … and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 to be off and control the fifth switches Q42 and … … and the fifth switch Q4Q to be on in a first time period based on the PWM signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each arm switch, so as to discharge the energy storage unit 2b to store energy in the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n (i.e., an excitation process from the energy storage inductors L2a to the energy storage inductors L2 n). The controller 21 may further control the fourth switches Q41, … …, and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 to be turned on, and control the fifth switches Q42, … …, and the fifth switch Q4Q to be turned off in the second time period based on the PWM signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch, at this time, the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n may be discharged and freewheeled to charge the target device 3b (such as a load) (i.e., the demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n), so as to achieve the functions of boosting and discharging the energy storage unit 2b, discharging and current limiting the energy storage unit 2b, and adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1 b.
It can be understood that, when the switching duty ratio of the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch is larger, the more energy stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, the larger the output voltage (i.e., the discharge voltage) of the battery management system 1b is; conversely, the smaller the switching duty ratio of the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each arm switch, the less energy is stored in the energy storage inductor L2a through the energy storage inductor L2n, and the smaller the output voltage of the battery management system 1b is. Therefore, the controller 21 can control the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to cooperate with each other, so as to realize the boosting and discharging functions of the energy storage unit 2b, the discharging protection function of the energy storage unit 2b, and the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1b, and the system has richer functions and stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, in the case of performing step-down charging on the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may control the first switch Q1 to be turned on and the second switch Q2 to be turned off, control a fourth switch of each of the arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned on and a fifth switch of each arm switch to be turned off in a first period of time, and control a fourth switch of each of the arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned off and a fifth switch of each arm switch to be turned on in a second period of time, so as to achieve the purpose that the target device 3b (such as a power supply) performs step-down charging on the energy storage unit 2b, where the battery management system 1b is in a normal operation mode and the energy storage unit 2b is in a charging state. During the whole buck charging process of the energy storage unit 2b, the first switch Q1 is always on and the second switch Q2 is always off, in other words, the first switch Q1 is normally closed and the second switch Q2 is normally open during the whole buck charging process. The first time period is a time period which is earlier than the second time period in the first switching period of each bridge arm switch. Optionally, in the process of performing step-down charging on the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may control the third switch Q3 to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip 11, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Since the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n can form a bridge conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be used to assist the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to operate, the function of charging protection (e.g., charging current limiting) on the energy storage unit 2b can be realized during the step-down charging of the energy storage unit 2 b.
Specifically, the controller 21 may generate a driving signal for each of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, and a driving signal for each of the fourth switch and the fifth switch of the arm switches 31a to 31n, wherein the driving signals may determine a switching duty ratio, a switching frequency, and a switching period of the switches. The driving signals of the switches of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 and the driving signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch of each arm switch are determined by the battery voltage and the battery temperature of each of the batteries B1 to Bm and the current flowing through each battery. Since the batteries B1 to Bm are connected in series, the current flowing through each of the batteries B1 to Bm has the same value, and the current flowing through each battery has the same value as the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2B.
Further, in the case that the driving signal is a PWM signal, the controller 21 may control the first switch Q1 to be always on (i.e., normally closed), the second switch Q2 to be always off (i.e., normally open) based on the PWM signal of each of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, and control the fourth switches Q41 and … … and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 to be on and control the fifth switches Q42 and … … and the fifth switch Q4Q to be off in a first period of time based on the PWM signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each arm switch, so as to discharge the target device 3b (e.g., a power supply) to store energy in the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n (i.e., an excitation process from the energy storage inductors L2a to L2 n). The controller 21 may further control the fourth switches Q41, … … and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 to be turned off and control the fifth switches Q42, … … and the fifth switch Q4Q to be turned on in the second time period based on PWM signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch, and at this time, the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n may be discharged and freewheeled to charge the energy storage unit 2b (i.e., a demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n), so as to implement the functions of performing voltage reduction charging and charging current limiting on the energy storage unit 2 b. Therefore, the controller 21 can control the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to cooperate with each other, so as to realize the voltage-reducing charging function of the energy storage unit 2b and the discharge protection function of the energy storage unit 2b, and the system has richer functions and stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, in the case of performing step-down discharge on the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may control a fourth switch of each of the arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned on and a fifth switch of each arm switch to be turned off, control the first switch Q1 to be turned on and the second switch Q2 to be turned off in a first time period, and control the first switch Q1 to be turned off and the second switch Q2 to be turned on in a second time period, so as to achieve the purpose of performing step-down discharge on the energy storage unit 2b to power the target device 3b (such as a load), where the battery management system 1b is in a normal operation mode and the energy storage unit 2b is in a discharge state. In the whole buck discharging process of the energy storage unit 2b, the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch is turned on and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch is turned off, in other words, in the whole buck discharging process, the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch is normally closed and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch is normally open. The first time period may be understood as a time period earlier than a second time period in the second switching period, where the second switching period is the switching period of the first switch Q1 or the switching period of the second switch Q2, that is, the switching period of the first switch Q1 corresponds to the same time period as the switching period of the second switch Q2, and the time period is equal to the time period corresponding to the second switching period. Optionally, in the process of performing voltage-reducing discharge on the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may control the third switch Q3 to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip 11, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein.
In some possible embodiments, since the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, and the bridge arm switch 31a to the bridge arm switch 31n may form a bridge conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit may be used to assist the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switch 31a to the bridge arm switch 31n to operate, a function of performing discharge protection (e.g., discharge current limiting) on the energy storage unit 2b may also be implemented in the process of performing voltage-reducing discharge on the energy storage unit 2 b. The loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be understood as a control strategy corresponding to a voltage loop and a current loop of the bridge conversion circuit. Since the bridge converter circuit (i.e., the main power circuit of the battery management system 1 b) is a DC/DC converter circuit, and the DC/DC converter circuit has a DC voltage conversion function, the output voltage of the battery management system 1b can be adjusted (also referred to as output voltage self-regulation) or the battery management system 1b can output a constant voltage during the step-down discharge of the energy storage unit 2 b.
Specifically, the controller 21 may generate a driving signal for each of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, and a driving signal for each of the fourth switch and the fifth switch of the arm switches 31a to 31n, wherein the driving signals may determine a switching duty ratio, a switching frequency, and a switching period of the switches. The driving signals of the switches of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 and the driving signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch of each arm switch are determined by the battery voltage and the battery temperature of each of the batteries B1 to Bm and the current flowing through each battery. Since the above batteries B1 to Bm are connected in series, the current value corresponding to the current flowing through each of the batteries B1 to Bm is the same, and the current value corresponding to the current flowing through each battery is equal to the current value corresponding to the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2B.
Further, in the case that the driving signal is a PWM signal, the controller 21 may further control the fourth switches Q41, … … and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 to be always on (i.e., normally closed) and the fifth switches Q42, … … and the fifth switch Q4Q to be always off (i.e., normally open) based on the PWM signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each arm switch, and control the first switch Q1 to be on and the second switch Q2 to be off based on the PWM signals of the switches in the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 in a first time period, so as to discharge the energy storage unit 2b to store energy in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n (i.e., an excitation process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2 n). The controller 21 may further control the first switch Q1 to turn off and the second switch Q2 to turn on in a second time period based on the PWM signals of the switches Q1 and Q2, at which time, the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n may be discharged and freewheeled to charge the target device 3b (e.g., a load) (i.e., the demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n), so as to implement the voltage reduction and discharge function of the energy storage unit 2b, the discharge and current limiting function of the energy storage unit 2b, and the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1 b.
It can be understood that, when the switching duty ratio of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 is larger, the more energy stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, the larger the output voltage (i.e., the discharge voltage) of the battery management system 1b is; conversely, the smaller the switching duty ratio of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, the less energy is stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, and the smaller the output voltage of the battery management system 1 b. Therefore, the controller 21 can control the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to cooperate with each other, so as to realize the boosting and discharging functions of the energy storage unit 2b, the discharging protection function of the energy storage unit 2b, and the function of adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1b, and the system has richer functions and stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, in the case of performing boost charging on the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may control a fourth switch of each of the arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned on and a fifth switch of each arm switch to be turned off, control the first switch Q1 to be turned off and the second switch Q2 to be turned on in a first time period, and control the first switch Q1 to be turned on and the second switch Q2 to be turned off in a second time period, so as to achieve the purpose of performing boost charging on the energy storage unit 2b by the target device 3b (such as a power supply), where the battery management system 1b is in a normal operation mode and the energy storage unit 2b is in a charging state. In the whole boost charging process of the energy storage unit 2b, the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch is turned on and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch is turned off all the time, in other words, in the whole boost charging process, the fourth switch in each bridge arm switch is normally closed and the fifth switch in each bridge arm switch is normally open. The first time period may be understood as a time period earlier than the second time period within the second switching Q2 cycle, where the second switching cycle is the switching cycle of the first switching Q1 or the switching cycle of the second switching Q2, that is, the switching cycle of the first switching Q1 corresponds to the same time period as the switching cycle of the second switching Q2, and the time period is equal to the time period corresponding to the second switching cycle. Optionally, in the process of boosting and charging the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may control the third switch Q3 to be turned on or off through the analog front-end chip 11, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein. Since the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n can form a bridge conversion circuit, and a loop control strategy corresponding to the bridge conversion circuit can be used to assist the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to operate, the function of performing charging protection (e.g., charging current limiting) on the energy storage unit 2b can also be realized in the process of performing boost charging on the energy storage unit 2 b.
Specifically, controller 21 may generate drive signals for each of first switch Q1 and second switch Q2, and drive signals for a fourth switch and a fifth switch in each of arm switches 31a through 31n, where the drive signals may determine a switching duty cycle, a switching frequency, and a switching period of the switches. The driving signals of the switches of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 and the driving signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch of each arm switch are determined by the battery voltage and the battery temperature of each of the batteries B1 to Bm and the current flowing through each battery. Since the batteries B1 to Bm are connected in series, the current value corresponding to the current flowing through each of the batteries B1 to Bm is the same, and the current value corresponding to the current flowing through each battery is equal to the current value corresponding to the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2B.
Further, in the case that the driving signal is a PWM signal, the controller 21 may further control the fourth switches Q41, … … and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 to be always on (i.e., normally closed) and the fifth switches Q42, … … and the fifth switch Q4Q to be always off (i.e., normally open) based on the PWM signals of the fourth switch and the fifth switch in each arm switch, and control the first switch Q1 to be off and the second switch Q2 to be on based on the PWM signals of the switches in the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 in a first time period, so as to discharge the target device 3b (e.g., a power supply) to store energy in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n (i.e., an excitation process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2 n). The controller 21 may further control the first switch Q1 to be turned on and the second switch Q2 to be turned off in a second time period based on the PWM signals of the switches Q1 and Q2, at which time, the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n may be discharged and flow freely to charge the energy storage unit 2b (i.e., the demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n), so as to implement the functions of boosting charging and charging current limiting for the energy storage unit 2 b. Therefore, the controller 21 can control the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to cooperate with each other, so as to realize the boost charging function of the energy storage unit 2b and the discharge protection function of the energy storage unit 2b, and the system has richer functions and stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, since the battery management system 1B does not limit the number of the batteries B1 to Bm, the battery management system 1B can also perform the step-up discharge, the step-down charge, the step-down discharge, and the step-up charge on all the batteries in the energy storage unit 2B while reducing the number of the batteries in the energy storage unit 2B and increasing the battery capacity, which is lower in cost and more applicable. Since the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, and the bridge arm switch 31a to the bridge arm switch 31n can form a bridge conversion circuit, that is, the battery management system 1b can integrate the analog front-end chip 11 and the bridge conversion circuit (a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit), and the power consumption of the analog front-end chip 11 is extremely low, the functions of charging the target device 3b (such as a load) by low-power consumption direct output and bidirectional power conversion can be simultaneously realized, wherein the bidirectional power conversion function can be used for realizing the boost discharging process, the buck charging process, the buck discharging process and the boost charging process of the energy storage unit 2 b.
In addition, because the current limiting of discharging can be realized in the discharging process of stepping up and the discharging process of stepping down of the energy storage unit 2b, and the current limiting of charging can be realized in the charging process of stepping down and the charging process of stepping up of the energy storage unit 2b, therefore, the function that the current-limiting output is not disconnected can also be realized under the condition that the charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit 2b is larger, thereby the potential safety hazard brought by directly cutting off the output of the battery management system 1b can be avoided, the safety of the energy storage unit 2b is improved, the service life of the energy storage unit 2b is prolonged, and the applicability is stronger. Moreover, since the batteries B1 to Bm are connected (e.g., connected in parallel) to the same analog front-end chip 11, the battery management system 1B can implement a voltage boosting discharging process, a voltage dropping charging process, a voltage dropping discharging process, and a voltage boosting charging process for each of the batteries B1 to Bm, that is, the battery management system 1B can implement a multi-unit (i.e., multiple batteries) parallel charging and discharging function, thereby improving the output power (also referred to as parallel power) of the battery management system 1B, and having stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, in a case where the battery management system 1b is applied to a low power consumption application scenario, when the battery management system 1b is in a standby state (i.e. the battery management system 1b is in a standby operation mode) and the target device 3b is a load with a smaller power, the controller 21 may enter a sleep state (e.g. a deep sleep state) and cannot normally operate due to the large resource requirement and the large power consumption of the controller 21. That is, at this time, the controller 21 cannot control the bridge circuit composed of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, and the arm switches 31a to the arm switch 31n to maintain the power supply of the load with the output of smaller power. When the controller 21 enters a sleep state, the analog front-end chip 11 may control the third switch Q3 to be turned on, and control the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned off, so as to achieve the purpose that the energy storage unit 2b supplies power to a load with smaller power; in addition, since the power consumption of the analog front-end chip 11 is extremely low, the power consumption of the whole system can be kept low while supplying power to a load with small power, and thus, the ultra-low power consumption and long-time standby function of the battery management system 1b can be realized. When the third switch Q3 is turned on, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are turned off, and a pulse current flows through the current limiting resistor R21, a voltage drop is formed across the current limiting resistor R21 to obtain a pulse voltage, and the pulse voltage can be used to activate the controller 21, so that a pulse current activation (also referred to as small current wake-up) function can be realized, and the applicability is stronger.
In some possible embodiments, when the controller 21 enters the sleep state, the analog front-end chip 11 may further continuously acquire the battery parameters of each of the batteries B1 to Bm (i.e., the energy storage unit 2B), so as to implement the function of maintaining the battery sampling when the battery management system 1B is in the standby operation mode. The battery parameters may include, but are not limited to, a battery voltage of each battery, a battery temperature of each battery, and a current flowing through each battery, and may be determined according to an actual application scenario, which is not limited herein. Here, the current flowing through each battery may be understood as a charging current or a discharging current of the main power circuit of the battery management system 1b (i.e., a charging and discharging current of the main power circuit). Meanwhile, the simulation front-end chip 11 can monitor whether the working states of the batteries B1 to Bm are normal or not in real time based on the battery parameters of each battery, so that the safety of the batteries B1 to Bm is improved, the service lives of the batteries B1 to Bm are prolonged, and the applicability is stronger.
In some possible embodiments, the battery management system 1b shown in fig. 11 may further include other devices, which may include, but are not limited to, a current sampling resistor, a filter capacitor, and/or a fuse, please refer to fig. 12 together, and fig. 12 is another structural schematic diagram of the battery management system provided in this application. As shown in fig. 12, the battery management system 1b shown in fig. 11 further includes a current sampling resistor R22, and the second connection end of each of the arm switches 31a to 31n may be connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit 2b through the current sampling resistor R22. For example, the second connection terminal of the bridge arm switch 31a may be connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit 2b through the current sampling resistor R12, … …, and the second connection terminal of the bridge arm switch 31n may be connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit 2b through the current sampling resistor R12. In the case of performing short-circuit protection on the energy storage unit 2b, the current sampling resistor R22 can collect the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2b in real time. Further, the controller 21 may control the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n to be turned off when the current flowing through the energy storage unit 2b and collected by the current sampling resistor R22 is greater than a preset current threshold, and control the third switch Q3 to be turned off through the front-end analog chip 11, so as to implement a function of performing short-circuit protection on the energy storage unit 2 b. The preset current threshold may be a current threshold configured by the battery management system 1b, a current threshold set by a user, or a current threshold configured by the energy storage unit 2b when leaving a factory.
Alternatively, in some possible embodiments, the analog front-end chip 11 may collect the battery parameters of each of the batteries B1 to Bm (i.e., the energy storage unit 2B), and transmit the battery parameters of each battery to the controller 21 through the SCL pin and the SDA pin. The battery parameters include a battery voltage, a battery temperature (also referred to as a cell temperature), and a temperature flowing through each battery. At this time, the controller 21 may control different switching actions among the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, and the arm switches 31a to 31n based on the battery parameters of each battery, thereby implementing the protection function of the energy storage unit 2 b; meanwhile, the voltage difference between any two batteries from the battery B1 to the battery Bm can be controlled within a certain voltage range, so that the voltage balance function from the battery B1 to the battery Bm is realized, and the applicability is stronger. The protection function of the energy storage unit 2b may include, but is not limited to: a charge protection function (e.g., a charge current limiting function) of the energy storage unit 2b, a discharge protection function (e.g., a discharge current limiting function) of the energy storage unit 2b, and a short circuit protection function of the energy storage unit 2 b.
In some possible embodiments, in the case that the battery voltages of the batteries B1 to Bm in the energy storage unit 2B are different, the controller 21 may adjust the charging current limiting point of the energy storage unit 2B based on the battery voltage and the battery temperature of the energy storage unit 2B (i.e., the battery pack), that is, the battery management system 1B may achieve self-regulation of the charging rate of the energy storage unit 2B, thereby prolonging the service life of the energy storage unit 2B. The battery voltage and the battery temperature of the energy storage unit 2B may be determined by the battery voltages and the battery temperatures of the battery B1 to the battery Bm; the charging current limit point may determine the magnitude of a charging rate, which is a current value required when the energy storage unit 2b is charged to its rated capacity within a predetermined time. In addition, when detecting that the battery temperature of the energy storage unit 2b is lower than the preset temperature threshold value, the controller 21 may perform cyclic voltage boosting discharging and voltage reducing charging or cyclic voltage reducing discharging and voltage boosting charging on the energy storage unit 2b to uniformly heat the energy storage unit 2b, thereby realizing a low-temperature self-heating process of the energy storage unit 2b, solving the problem of poor charging performance of the energy storage unit 2b in a low-temperature environment, and improving the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage unit 2 b. The preset temperature threshold may be a temperature threshold set by a user or a temperature threshold configured for the energy storage unit 2b to leave a factory. In addition, the battery management system 1b heats the energy storage unit 2b based on an internal bridge conversion circuit without an external heating device, so that the cost is lower, and the applicability is higher.
In some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 12, the battery management system 1b shown in fig. 11 further includes a first filter capacitor C21 and a second filter capacitor C22, where the first filter capacitor C21 is connected in parallel with the energy storage unit 2b, the second filter capacitor C22 is connected in parallel with each of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n, the first filter capacitor C21 and the second filter capacitor C22 may be understood as port capacitors of the battery management system 1b, and the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n may form a bridge type conversion circuit. In the case of performing step-down charging or step-up charging on the energy storage unit 2b, the first filter capacitor C21 may filter the voltage signal output by the bridge converter circuit to obtain a charging voltage signal, where the voltage signal output by the bridge converter circuit may be determined by the voltage provided by the target device 3b (e.g., a power supply). The charging voltage signal can be used for determining the charging voltage to charge the energy storage unit 2b, so that the waveform corresponding to the charging voltage is smoother, and the charging efficiency of the energy storage unit 2b is further improved. In the case of the energy storage unit 2b discharging in a voltage boosting mode or discharging in a voltage dropping mode, the second filter capacitor C22 may filter the voltage signal output by the bridge converter circuit to obtain a discharge voltage signal, where the voltage signal output by the bridge converter circuit may be determined by the voltage provided by the energy storage unit 2 b. The discharge voltage signal can be used to determine a discharge voltage for charging the target device 3b (e.g., a load), so that the waveform corresponding to the discharge voltage is smoother, and the discharge efficiency of the energy storage unit 2b is further improved.
In some possible embodiments, since the battery management system 1b may integrate the bridge converter circuit, the battery management system 1b may set the port output voltage (i.e., the voltage across the port capacitor) according to the user requirement or the product requirement, that is, the battery management system 1b may be compatible with different port output voltages, that is, the battery management system 1b may implement the port output multi-platform voltage compatibility, it is not necessary to adjust the circuit topology of the battery management system 1b according to different port output voltages (e.g., the charging voltage or the discharging voltage), which is beneficial to the normalization of the battery management system 1b, and the applicability is stronger. Therefore, the output voltage of the port of the battery management system 1b does not decrease with the voltage drop of the energy storage unit 2b, that is, the battery management system 1b can keep the output power unchanged under the condition that the electric quantity of the energy storage unit 2b decreases, so that the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage unit 2b is improved, and the applicability is stronger.
In some possible embodiments, in the case that the battery management system 1b is connected with a plurality of energy storage units (which may include the energy storage unit 2b), a plurality of analog front-end chips 11 are present in the battery management system 1b, and one analog front-end chip 11 is connected with one energy storage unit, that is, the number of the analog front-end chips 11 is the same as the number of the energy storage units, and the analog front-end chips 11 and the energy storage units correspond to each other one by one. In the process of performing step-down charging or step-up charging on the plurality of energy storage units, the target device is a power supply (such as a charging cabinet), and when the charging cabinet fails, the controller 21 may detect a state of charge (SOC) of each energy storage unit in the plurality of energy storage units, and control an energy storage unit with a lower SOC in the plurality of energy storage units to charge an energy storage unit with a higher SOC in the plurality of energy storage units until the energy storage unit is fully charged, so that mutual charging among the plurality of energy storage units may be achieved. That is, the controller 21 may preferentially fill the energy storage unit with a higher SOC among the plurality of energy storage units until most of the plurality of energy storage units are fully charged, and at this time, the fully charged energy storage unit may supply power to the load, thereby ensuring user availability and having stronger applicability. Further, the controller 21 may also control other energy storage units that are not fully charged or are not charged among the plurality of energy storage units to be disconnected, or charge other energy storage units that are not fully charged or are not charged until fully charged after the charging cabinet is powered on, which may be determined according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein.
In some possible embodiments, before performing the step-up discharging and the step-down charging (i.e., high-power charging and discharging) on the energy storage unit 2b, or performing the step-down discharging and the step-up charging (i.e., high-power charging and discharging) on the energy storage unit 2b, the controller 21 may further control the first switch Q1 to be turned off, and control the third switch Q3 to be turned on through the analog front-end chip 11, so as to perform the current limiting through the current limiting resistor R21 until a voltage difference between the voltage of the energy storage unit 2b and the voltage across the second filter capacitor C22 is smaller than a preset voltage threshold, where the pre-discharging of the energy storage unit 2b is successful, thereby improving the stability of the energy storage unit 2 b. In other words, the controller 21 may control the first switch Q1 to be turned off, and control the third switch Q3 to be turned on through the analog front-end chip 11, so that the energy storage unit 2b charges the target device 3b (such as a capacitive load) through the series branch formed by the third switch Q3 and the current-limiting resistor R21 until a voltage difference between the voltage of the energy storage unit 2b and the voltage across the second filter capacitor C22 is smaller than a preset voltage threshold. The preset voltage threshold may be a voltage threshold configured by the battery management system 1b, or a voltage threshold set by a user. After the energy storage unit 2b is pre-discharged successfully, the controller 21 may control different switching actions among the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, and the bridge arm switches 30a to 30n, so as to achieve the purpose of performing high-power charging and discharging on the energy storage unit 2b, and improve the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage unit 2 b.
Optionally, in some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 12, the battery management system 1b shown in fig. 11 further includes a fuse FU2, and the first connection end of the first switch Q1 may be connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit 2b through the fuse FU 2. When the bridge converter circuit is in fault or abnormal operation, the fuse FU2 will be blown to cut off the bridge converter circuit, thereby avoiding damaging the devices in the battery management system 1b, improving the safety of the whole system and the energy storage unit 2b, and having stronger applicability.
In some possible embodiments, the specific number of the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n and the specific number of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n may be determined by the circuit topology of the battery management system 1b, and is not limited herein. For example, in the case that the circuit topology of the battery management system 1b is a three-phase bridge conversion circuit topology, the number of the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n is 3, the number of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n is 3, and the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a to L2n, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n may constitute a three-phase bridge conversion circuit; when the circuit topology of the battery management system 1b is a two-phase bridge conversion circuit topology, the number of the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n is 2, the number of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n is 2, and the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n, and the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n may form a two-phase bridge conversion circuit; in the case that the circuit topology of the battery management system 1b is a single-phase bridge conversion circuit topology, the number of the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n is 1, and the number of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n is 1, that is, the battery management system 1b includes one energy storage inductor (for example, any one of the energy storage inductors L2a to L2n) and one bridge arm switch (for example, any one of the bridge arm switches 31a to 31n connected to any one energy storage inductor), and the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor, and the bridge arm switch may form a single-phase bridge conversion circuit. Referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is another schematic structural diagram of the battery management system provided in the present application.
In some possible embodiments, in the case that the circuit topology of the battery management system 1b is a two-phase bridge conversion circuit topology (which may be simply referred to as a two-phase bridge circuit), the specific circuit structure of the battery management system 1b is shown as 13a in fig. 13, the battery management system 1b includes two filter inductors (such as a filter inductor L2a and a filter inductor L2n), two bridge arm switches (such as a bridge arm switch 31a and a bridge arm switch 31n), the analog front-end chip 11, the controller 21, a first filter capacitor C21, a second filter capacitor C22, a first switch Q1 (i.e., a main discharge tube), a second switch Q2, a third switch Q3 (i.e., a pre-discharge switch), a current limiting resistor R21 (a pre-discharge current limiting resistor), a fuse FU2, and a current sampling resistor R22. The fourth switch Q41 and the fifth switch Q42 in the bridge arm switch 31a, and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 and the fifth switch Q4Q in the bridge arm switch 31n can be understood as main power switches in the two-phase bridge circuit.
In some possible embodiments, in a case that the output power of the battery management system 1b is small, the circuit topology of the battery management system 1b may be a single-phase bridge conversion circuit topology (which may be simply referred to as a single-phase bridge circuit), and then the specific circuit structure of the battery management system 1b is shown as 13b in fig. 13, where the battery management system 1b includes a filter inductor (e.g., filter inductor L2a), a bridge arm switch (e.g., bridge arm switch 31a), the analog front-end chip 11, the controller 21, a first filter capacitor C21, a second filter capacitor C22, a first switch Q1 (i.e., a main discharge tube), a second switch Q2, a third switch Q3 (i.e., a pre-discharge switch), a current limiting resistor R21 (a pre-discharge current limiting resistor), a fuse FU2, and a current sampling resistor R22. The fourth switch Q41 and the fifth switch Q42 in the bridge arm switch 31a can be understood as main power switches in the single-phase bridge circuit. As the use of bridge arm switches and energy storage inductors is reduced in the single-phase bridge circuit, the cost and the volume of the battery management system 1b can be greatly reduced, and the applicability is stronger. For convenience of description, the circuit topology of the battery management system 1b is a two-phase bridge conversion circuit topology, and the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, the fourth switch Q41, the fifth switch Q42, and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 and the fifth switch Q4Q are MOS transistors, which will not be described again below.
In some possible embodiments, during the step-down discharging process of the energy storage unit 2b, please refer to fig. 14, where fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of another discharging circuit of the battery management system provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 14, the controller 21 may control the fourth switch Q41 and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 to be always on (i.e., normally closed), the fifth switch Q42 and the fifth switch Q4Q to be always off (i.e., normally open), and control the first switch Q1 to be on and the second switch Q2 to be off in a first time period, at which time, the energy storage unit 2b discharges to store energy from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n (i.e., an excitation process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n), and a current flows along the path (i) in the excitation process. Further, the controller 21 may control the first switch Q1 to be turned off and the second switch Q2 to be turned on in the second time period, at this time, the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n may be discharged and follow current and transfer the energy to the target device 3b (i.e., the demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L1a to the energy storage inductor L1n), so as to achieve the purpose of charging the target device 3b (e.g., a load), and the current flows along the path during the demagnetization process, thereby achieving the whole step-down discharging process of the energy storage unit 2 b. In the whole voltage reduction and discharge process, the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a, the energy storage inductor L2n, the bridge arm switch 31a and the bridge arm switch 31n can form a two-phase bridge type conversion circuit, because the switching frequency of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 can reach the KHz level (that is, the unit of the switching frequency is KHz), and a loop control strategy corresponding to the two-phase bridge type conversion circuit can be used for assisting the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the bridge arm switch 31a and the bridge arm switch 31n to act, the functions of performing discharge and current limiting on the energy storage unit 2b and adjusting the output voltage of the battery management system 1b can also be realized.
In some possible embodiments, during the process of performing boost charging on the energy storage unit 2b, please refer to fig. 15, where fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of another charging circuit of the battery management system provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 15, the controller 21 may control the fourth switch Q41 and the fourth switch Q4Q-1 to be always on (i.e., normally closed), the fifth switch Q42 and the fifth switch Q4Q to be always off (i.e., normally open), and control the first switch Q1 to be off and the second switch Q2 to be on during a first time period, at this time, the target device 3b (e.g., a power supply) may store energy in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n (i.e., an excitation process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n), and a current flows along the path (i) during the excitation process. Further, the controller 21 may control the first switch Q1 to be turned on and the second switch Q2 to be turned off in a second time period, at this time, the energy stored in the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n may discharge and follow current to charge the energy storage unit 2b (i.e., the demagnetization process from the energy storage inductor L2a to the energy storage inductor L2n), and the current flows along the path (ii) in the demagnetization process, so that the whole boost charging process of the energy storage unit 2b is realized. In the whole boosting charging process, because the switching frequency of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 can reach the KHz level (that is, the unit of the switching frequency is KHz), and a loop control strategy corresponding to the two-phase bridge conversion circuit can be used for assisting the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the bridge arm switch 31a and the bridge arm switch 31n to act, the function of charging and limiting the current of the energy storage unit 2b can also be realized.
In the battery management system 1b provided in the present application, the controller 21 may control different switching actions of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the energy storage inductor L2a, the energy storage inductor L2n, the bridge arm switch 31a, and the bridge arm switch 31n, so as to implement boost discharge and discharge protection of the energy storage unit 2b, buck charge and charge protection of the energy storage unit 2b, buck discharge and discharge protection of the energy storage unit 2b, boost charge and charge protection of the energy storage unit 2b, and short-circuit protection of the energy storage unit 2b, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage unit 2b and prolonging the service life of the energy storage unit 2 b; in addition, the output voltage of the battery management system 1b can be adjusted, or the ultra-low power consumption and long-time standby functions of the battery management system 1b can be realized, so that the application flexibility of battery management is improved, the system functions are richer, the cost is lower, and the applicability is strong.
Further, please refer to fig. 16, fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery system provided in the present application. The battery system provided by the application can be suitable for lithium batteries applied to communication base stations, energy storage batteries matched with data centers, energy storage batteries matched with photovoltaic inverters, energy storage units in energy storage systems (such as household energy storage systems), power battery systems of electric equipment and battery systems in other fields. The electric device may include, but is not limited to, a low power electric device, which may include, for example, an electric scooter, an electric bicycle, and an electric tricycle. A specific structure of the battery system may be as shown in fig. 16, and the battery system 4 includes an energy storage unit 40 and a battery management system 41 (such as the battery management systems shown in fig. 3 to 15), where the energy storage unit 40 includes at least one battery (such as battery B1 to battery Bm), and each of the batteries B1 to Bm may be connected to the analog front end chip 410 in the battery management system 41. Because the battery management system 41 can control different switch actions therein to realize the functions of discharge protection, charge protection and short-circuit protection, adjustable system output voltage, ultra-low power consumption of the system and long-time standby of the energy storage unit 40, the application flexibility and safety of the whole battery system 4 can be improved, the working efficiency of the battery system 4 is further improved, the cost is lower, and the applicability is stronger. Assuming that the battery system 4 is a power battery system of an electric device, since the port voltage of the battery management system 41 is not reduced along with the reduction of the electric quantity of the energy storage unit 40, the battery management system 41 can also keep the output power of the energy storage unit 40 unchanged when the electric quantity of the energy storage unit 40 is reduced, and the power of the electric device is not significantly attenuated (for example, the vehicle speed of the electric device is not reduced), so that the user experience is improved, and the applicability is stronger.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (21)
1. A battery management system is characterized by comprising a simulation front-end chip, a controller, a first switch, a second switch, a current-limiting resistor, at least one energy storage inductor and at least one bridge arm switch;
the simulation front-end chip is connected with an energy storage unit, a first connecting end of each energy storage inductor in the at least one energy storage inductor is connected with the anode of the energy storage unit, a second connecting end of one energy storage inductor in the at least one energy storage inductor is connected with the bridge arm midpoint of one bridge arm switch in the at least one bridge arm switch, the first connecting end of each bridge arm switch in the at least one bridge arm switch is connected with the first connecting end of target equipment, the second connecting end of each bridge arm switch is connected with the cathode of the energy storage unit and is connected with the second connecting end of the target equipment through the first switch, and the second switch is connected with the current limiting resistor in series and then is connected with the first switch in parallel;
the controller is used for controlling the first switch to be connected or disconnected and the at least one bridge arm switch to act, and controlling the second switch to be connected or disconnected through the analog front-end chip.
2. The battery management system of claim 1, wherein each bridge arm switch comprises a third switch and a fourth switch, a first pole of the third switch and a second pole of the fourth switch are connected in series to serve as a bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm switch, a second pole of the third switch serves as a first connection end of each bridge arm switch, and a first pole of the fourth switch serves as a second connection end of each bridge arm switch.
3. The battery management system of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to control the first switch to be on, control the fourth switch of each leg switch to be on and the third switch of each leg switch to be off during a first time period, and control the third switch of each leg switch to be on and the fourth switch of each leg switch to be off during a second time period, wherein the first time period is a time period within a switching cycle of each leg switch that is earlier than the second time period.
4. The battery management system of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to control the first switch to be on, control the third switch of each leg switch to be on and the fourth switch of each leg switch to be off during a first time period, and control the fourth switch of each leg switch to be on and the third switch of each leg switch to be off during a second time period, wherein the first time period is a time period within a switching cycle of each leg switch that is earlier than the second time period.
5. The battery management system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the analog front-end chip is configured to control the second switch to be turned on and control the first switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to be turned off when the controller enters a sleep state.
6. The battery management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the energy storage unit comprises at least one battery;
the analog front-end chip is further used for collecting battery parameters of each battery in the at least one battery when the controller enters a sleep state, wherein the battery parameters comprise battery voltage, battery temperature and current flowing through each battery.
7. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a current sampling resistor, wherein the second connection terminal of each bridge arm switch is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit through the current sampling resistor;
the current sampling resistor is used for collecting current flowing through the energy storage unit;
the controller is used for controlling the first switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to be switched off when the current which is collected by the current sampling resistor and flows through the energy storage unit is larger than a preset current threshold value, and controlling the second switch to be switched off through the analog front-end chip.
8. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor, wherein the first filter capacitor is connected in parallel with the energy storage unit, and the second filter capacitor is connected in parallel with each bridge arm switch.
9. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the battery management system further comprises a fuse, and the first connection terminal of each of the at least one energy storage inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit through the fuse.
10. A battery management system is characterized by comprising an analog front-end chip, a controller, a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a current-limiting resistor, at least one energy storage inductor and at least one bridge arm switch;
the analog front end chip is connected with the energy storage unit, the first connecting end of the first switch is connected with the anode of the energy storage unit, the second connecting end of the first switch is connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage unit through the second switch, the third switch is connected with the current limiting resistor in series and then is connected with the first switch in parallel, and the second connection end of the first switch is connected with the first connection end of each energy storage inductor in the at least one energy storage inductor, the second connection of one of the at least one energy storage inductor is connected to the bridge leg center of one of the at least one bridge leg switches, the first connection terminal of each of the at least one bridge arm switch is connected to the first connection terminal of the target device, the second connecting end of each bridge arm switch is connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage unit and the second connecting end of the target device;
the controller is used for controlling the on or off of each switch of the first switch and the second switch and the action of the at least one bridge arm switch, and controlling the on or off of the third switch through the analog front-end chip.
11. The battery management system of claim 10, wherein each bridge arm switch comprises a fourth switch and a fifth switch, a first pole of the fourth switch and a second pole of the fifth switch are connected in series to serve as a bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm switch, a second pole of the fourth switch serves as a first connection end of each bridge arm switch, and a first pole of the fifth switch serves as a second connection end of each bridge arm switch.
12. The battery management system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to control the first switch to be on and the second switch to be off, control the fourth switch of each leg switch to be off and the fifth switch of each leg switch to be on during a first time period, and control the fourth switch of each leg switch to be on and the fifth switch of each leg switch to be off during a second time period, wherein the first time period is a time period that is earlier than the second time period within a first switching cycle of each leg switch.
13. The battery management system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to control the first switch to be on and the second switch to be off, control the fourth switch of each leg switch to be on and the fifth switch of each leg switch to be off during a first time period, and control the fourth switch of each leg switch to be off and the fifth switch of each leg switch to be on during a second time period, wherein the first time period is a time period that is earlier than the second time period within a first switching cycle of each leg switch.
14. The battery management system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to control the fourth switch in each of the bridge arm switches to be turned on and the fifth switch in each of the bridge arm switches to be turned off, control the first switch to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off in a first time period, and control the first switch to be turned off and the second switch to be turned on in a second time period, wherein the first time period is a time period earlier than the second time period in a second switching cycle, and the second switching cycle is a switching cycle of the first switch or a switching cycle of the second switch.
15. The battery management system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to control the fourth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned on and the fifth switch of each bridge arm switch to be turned off, and to control the first switch to be turned off and the second switch to be turned on in a first period of time, and to control the first switch to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off in a second period of time, wherein the first period of time is a period of time earlier than the second period of time in a second switching cycle, and the second switching cycle is a switching cycle of the first switch or a switching cycle of the second switch.
16. The battery management system according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the analog front-end chip is configured to control the third switch to be turned on and control the first switch, the second switch, and the at least one bridge arm switch to be turned off when the controller enters a sleep state.
17. The battery management system according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the energy storage unit comprises at least one battery;
the analog front-end chip is further used for collecting battery parameters of each battery in the at least one battery when the controller enters a sleep state, wherein the battery parameters comprise battery voltage, battery temperature and current flowing through each battery.
18. The battery management system according to any one of claims 10 to 17, further comprising a current sampling resistor, wherein the second connection terminal of each bridge arm switch is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage unit through the current sampling resistor;
the current sampling resistor is used for collecting current flowing through the energy storage unit;
the controller is used for controlling the first switch, the second switch and the at least one bridge arm switch to be switched off when the current which is collected by the current sampling resistor and flows through the energy storage unit is larger than a preset current threshold value, and controlling the third switch to be switched off through the analog front-end chip.
19. The battery management system according to any of claims 10-18, further comprising a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor, wherein the first filter capacitor is connected in parallel with the energy storage unit and the second filter capacitor is connected in parallel with each bridge arm switch.
20. The battery management system according to any one of claims 10 to 19, wherein the battery management system further comprises a fuse, and the first connection terminal of the first switch is connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit through the fuse.
21. A battery system, characterized in that the battery system comprises an energy storage unit and the battery management system according to any one of claims 1-20, wherein the energy storage unit comprises at least one battery, and each battery of the at least one battery is connected to the analog front end chip in the battery management system.
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